Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40P341
Pin-ling Chang
Xi Jinping’s report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), held between 18 and 24 October, 2017, was translated into nine foreign languages, including English, with ‘professional foreign translators’ introduced and covered in some Chinese media reports. Yet, the focus of such media coverage was more on the translators’ endorsement of Xi’s thoughts and achievements than on the quality of the translations (e.g. Huang, Liu and Hao 2017). Arguably, the introduction of the foreign expert in English could be described as an unusual move since China has hailed its ‘China English’ as a new English variety and has it used widely in the translation of the CPC political texts. This study starts with the introduction of China English, presents the China English usage in the official English version of Xi’s report, and reveals the endorsement role of the foreign language experts through a multimodal analysis of the relevant media coverage, which not only uncovers the CPC’s ideology in using China English but also shows how the ‘visibility’ of translators may help achieve the political aim of those in power.
{"title":"Foreign translators as a means of endorsing China English used in China’s official political texts. A case of the English translation of Xi Jinping’s report to the 19th CPC national congress","authors":"Pin-ling Chang","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P341","url":null,"abstract":"Xi Jinping’s report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), held between 18 and 24 October, 2017, was translated into nine foreign languages, including English, with ‘professional foreign translators’ introduced and covered in some Chinese media reports. Yet, the focus of such media coverage was more on the translators’ endorsement of Xi’s thoughts and achievements than on the quality of the translations (e.g. Huang, Liu and Hao 2017). Arguably, the introduction of the foreign expert in English could be described as an unusual move since China has hailed its ‘China English’ as a new English variety and has it used widely in the translation of the CPC political texts. This study starts with the introduction of China English, presents the China English usage in the official English version of Xi’s report, and reveals the endorsement role of the foreign language experts through a multimodal analysis of the relevant media coverage, which not only uncovers the CPC’s ideology in using China English but also shows how the ‘visibility’ of translators may help achieve the political aim of those in power.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"43 1","pages":"341-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89405525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paleontology is “the science of prehistoric life – of the fauna and flora of the geologic past” (Schindewolf 1993, p. 1), thus it is a complex, hybrid domain that combines methods of analysis from a wide range of disciplines, from the hard sciences (ex., biology, zoology, geology, chemistry, etcetera). Paleontology is also a discipline that is extremely popular among the general public, since “dinosaurs embody the drastic changes that life on Earth has undergone. Chasing after dinosaurs is really a quest to fill in part of our own backstory […]” (Switek 2014). Such popularity creates specific expectations in the public, who wants to receive reliable as well as enjoyable representations of their favorite prehistoric creatures. Children in particular are enthusiastic about dinosaurs as it is demonstrated by merchandise of all sorts, dedicated exhibitions, narrative and syllabus books, movies, websites, and TV shows. The present study investigates the animated series Dinosaur Train , chosen since it contains animated episodes and live action segments in which a real paleontologist gives scientific facts about the dinosaurs seen in each episode. Sample episodes are analysed verbally and visually: the verbal features are examined to identify the strategies of knowledge dissemination (KD) present in the series, while visual patterns were investigated through a multimodal analysis (Kress, van Leeuwen 2006; Baldry, Thibault 2006). In particular, the study considers the way(s) in which the series presents dinosaurs that are already well-known and those that are more unfamiliar. Results show that the popularity of the series is due to the structure of the episodes, composed of several phases, which make the series dynamic, thus suitable to young children’s attention span, as well as to an accessible language that makes the stories interesting, also thanks to the representation of everyday situations lived by the dinosaurs that are already familiar to the viewers.
古生物学是“史前生命的科学——关于过去地质时期的动物和植物的科学”(Schindewolf 1993, p. 1)，因此它是一个复杂的、混合的领域，结合了来自各种学科的分析方法，包括硬科学(如生物学、动物学、地质学、化学等)。古生物学也是一门非常受大众欢迎的学科，因为“恐龙体现了地球上生命所经历的巨大变化。”追逐恐龙实际上是一种探索，填补了我们自己的一部分背景故事[…]”(Switek 2014)。这种受欢迎程度在公众中产生了特定的期望，他们希望收到他们最喜欢的史前生物的可靠和愉快的代表。孩子们尤其热衷于恐龙，因为各种各样的商品、专门的展览、叙事和教学大纲书、电影、网站和电视节目都证明了这一点。本研究调查了动画系列《恐龙火车》，选择它是因为它包含动画集和真人片段，其中一位真正的古生物学家在每一集中提供有关恐龙的科学事实。对样本剧集进行口头和视觉分析:检查语言特征以确定系列中存在的知识传播策略(KD)，同时通过多模态分析调查视觉模式(Kress, van Leeuwen 2006;Baldry, Thibault, 2006)。特别是，该研究考虑了该系列呈现已知恐龙和不熟悉恐龙的方式。结果表明，该系列的受欢迎程度是由于剧集的结构，由几个阶段组成，这使得该系列充满活力，从而适合幼儿的注意力跨度，以及易于理解的语言，使故事有趣，也得益于观众已经熟悉的恐龙生活的日常情况的表现。
{"title":"Knowledge dissemination in the Dinosaur Train animated series. How to popularise palaeontology for pre-school children","authors":"D. Cesiri","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P95","url":null,"abstract":"Paleontology is “the science of prehistoric life – of the fauna and flora of the geologic past” (Schindewolf 1993, p. 1), thus it is a complex, hybrid domain that combines methods of analysis from a wide range of disciplines, from the hard sciences (ex., biology, zoology, geology, chemistry, etcetera). Paleontology is also a discipline that is extremely popular among the general public, since “dinosaurs embody the drastic changes that life on Earth has undergone. Chasing after dinosaurs is really a quest to fill in part of our own backstory […]” (Switek 2014). Such popularity creates specific expectations in the public, who wants to receive reliable as well as enjoyable representations of their favorite prehistoric creatures. Children in particular are enthusiastic about dinosaurs as it is demonstrated by merchandise of all sorts, dedicated exhibitions, narrative and syllabus books, movies, websites, and TV shows. The present study investigates the animated series Dinosaur Train , chosen since it contains animated episodes and live action segments in which a real paleontologist gives scientific facts about the dinosaurs seen in each episode. Sample episodes are analysed verbally and visually: the verbal features are examined to identify the strategies of knowledge dissemination (KD) present in the series, while visual patterns were investigated through a multimodal analysis (Kress, van Leeuwen 2006; Baldry, Thibault 2006). In particular, the study considers the way(s) in which the series presents dinosaurs that are already well-known and those that are more unfamiliar. Results show that the popularity of the series is due to the structure of the episodes, composed of several phases, which make the series dynamic, thus suitable to young children’s attention span, as well as to an accessible language that makes the stories interesting, also thanks to the representation of everyday situations lived by the dinosaurs that are already familiar to the viewers.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"1 1","pages":"95-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83036372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40P143
R. Maglie, Chiara Abbatantuono
The study focuses on Kinsey Confidential™, a weekly newspaper column that adds an image to each answer it provides to the question received from a young reader. Based on corpus building criteria, the work collected all the web pages containing the image, the question, and the corresponding answer in the time span between February, 2015 to May, 2018. Tools of analysis found in Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), Machin and Mayr (2012), Ledin and Machin (2018), and in the pack of utilities of WordSmith 7.0 (Scott 2016) were used to identify a series of salient recurring discursive strategies through which the website depicts sexuality and promotes sexual health. These strategies help to represent a new multimedia mode of scientific knowledge dissemination and a multimodal channel of safe sex promotion for social change in the contemporary sociocultural context of adolescents’ sexual knowledge and behaviour. The data from previous studies, based exclusively on linguistic analysis of young people’s questions submitted online, showed the presence of misinformed socially-derived beliefs and understanding of sex, gender and reproduction (Harvey 2013; Maglie 2015, 2017). In addition, this study addresses the way knowledge dissemination on sexuality is communicated by the website, not just through popularised scientific language, but also through visual language. Thus, the combination of the linguistic and semiotic resources found in Kinsey Confidential™ helps to introduce different levels of signification of discourses, all aiming at fostering appropriate knowledge of sexual and reproductive health among the younger generation.
{"title":"Knowledge dissemination for social change. A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of an online health information service","authors":"R. Maglie, Chiara Abbatantuono","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P143","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on Kinsey Confidential™, a weekly newspaper column that adds an image to each answer it provides to the question received from a young reader. Based on corpus building criteria, the work collected all the web pages containing the image, the question, and the corresponding answer in the time span between February, 2015 to May, 2018. Tools of analysis found in Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), Machin and Mayr (2012), Ledin and Machin (2018), and in the pack of utilities of WordSmith 7.0 (Scott 2016) were used to identify a series of salient recurring discursive strategies through which the website depicts sexuality and promotes sexual health. These strategies help to represent a new multimedia mode of scientific knowledge dissemination and a multimodal channel of safe sex promotion for social change in the contemporary sociocultural context of adolescents’ sexual knowledge and behaviour. The data from previous studies, based exclusively on linguistic analysis of young people’s questions submitted online, showed the presence of misinformed socially-derived beliefs and understanding of sex, gender and reproduction (Harvey 2013; Maglie 2015, 2017). In addition, this study addresses the way knowledge dissemination on sexuality is communicated by the website, not just through popularised scientific language, but also through visual language. Thus, the combination of the linguistic and semiotic resources found in Kinsey Confidential™ helps to introduce different levels of signification of discourses, all aiming at fostering appropriate knowledge of sexual and reproductive health among the younger generation.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"97 1","pages":"143-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74992722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40P315
Annalisa Sandrelli
Legal drama series contribute to the popularisation of legal discourse and legal concepts: however, as they are entertainment products, they also simplify complex constructs for the sake of plot comprehension. When such products are translated for foreign audiences, a further layer of complexity is added onto them. Legal references in audiovisual products are notoriously challenging to translate, especially when the legal traditions of the source and target cultures are different. This paper investigates the translation strategies employed in the Italian dubbing of The Good Wife , a very popular legal drama from the US, to convey the legal references in the dialogues to Italian viewers. The data used in the analysis come from the DubTalk corpus, compiled at Universita degli Studi Internazionali di Roma-UNINT. A theoretical framework was developed to classify the legal references in the original English dialogues and the related translation strategies in the Italian dubbed version; moreover, interviews were conducted with four professionals involved in the Italian dubbing of the series, with the aim of achieving a better comprehension of the process. The analysis shows that the most frequent translation strategies in our corpus are the use of functional equivalents, periphrases and calques; thus, while the key principle driving the Italian dubbed version may be said to be domestication, frequent legal terms and fixed formulae were translated via calques and standardised translations which viewers have come to expect in translated legal dramas. This balanced mixture of domesticating and foreignising strategies facilitates comprehension whilst at the same time reminding the audience of the foreign origin of the series, to ensure maximum enjoyment.
{"title":"The translation of legal references in the Italian dubbing of a US TV series. A corpus-based analysis","authors":"Annalisa Sandrelli","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P315","url":null,"abstract":"Legal drama series contribute to the popularisation of legal discourse and legal concepts: however, as they are entertainment products, they also simplify complex constructs for the sake of plot comprehension. When such products are translated for foreign audiences, a further layer of complexity is added onto them. Legal references in audiovisual products are notoriously challenging to translate, especially when the legal traditions of the source and target cultures are different. This paper investigates the translation strategies employed in the Italian dubbing of The Good Wife , a very popular legal drama from the US, to convey the legal references in the dialogues to Italian viewers. The data used in the analysis come from the DubTalk corpus, compiled at Universita degli Studi Internazionali di Roma-UNINT. A theoretical framework was developed to classify the legal references in the original English dialogues and the related translation strategies in the Italian dubbed version; moreover, interviews were conducted with four professionals involved in the Italian dubbing of the series, with the aim of achieving a better comprehension of the process. The analysis shows that the most frequent translation strategies in our corpus are the use of functional equivalents, periphrases and calques; thus, while the key principle driving the Italian dubbed version may be said to be domestication, frequent legal terms and fixed formulae were translated via calques and standardised translations which viewers have come to expect in translated legal dramas. This balanced mixture of domesticating and foreignising strategies facilitates comprehension whilst at the same time reminding the audience of the foreign origin of the series, to ensure maximum enjoyment.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"84 1","pages":"315-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73104801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Academics constantly strive to gain greater visibility for their research, in particular through digital platforms that allow their research to be communicated to a wider public. Alongside old and well-established academic genres (e.g. the Research Article, the Abstract, and the Conference Presentation), new genres have emerged including the Blog, the TED Talk Lecture, and the Video Abstract. While the first two of these genres have received considerable attention in the discourse analysis community, research into the Video Abstract genre has only recently been undertaken despite the fact that scientific publishers (e.g. Taylor & Francis, Elsevier and SAGE) urge authors to present their articles in this way in order to enhance article visibility and improve the chances of an article being cited. The present study, grounded in ESP genre analysis and multimodal discourse analysis, investigates the strategies used in video abstracts by researchers to share their research using a small corpus of video abstracts taken from international journals of three different academic fields, namely Medicine, Biology, and Chemistry. In particular, the study attempts to understand the changes brought about by the shift from the written to the video channel of communication vis-a-vis the dissemination of research findings.
{"title":"A Corpus-based Approach to the Analysis of the Video Abstract Genre: A Phase-based Model","authors":"Francesca Coccetta","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P45","url":null,"abstract":"Academics constantly strive to gain greater visibility for their research, in particular through digital platforms that allow their research to be communicated to a wider public. Alongside old and well-established academic genres (e.g. the Research Article, the Abstract, and the Conference Presentation), new genres have emerged including the Blog, the TED Talk Lecture, and the Video Abstract. While the first two of these genres have received considerable attention in the discourse analysis community, research into the Video Abstract genre has only recently been undertaken despite the fact that scientific publishers (e.g. Taylor & Francis, Elsevier and SAGE) urge authors to present their articles in this way in order to enhance article visibility and improve the chances of an article being cited. The present study, grounded in ESP genre analysis and multimodal discourse analysis, investigates the strategies used in video abstracts by researchers to share their research using a small corpus of video abstracts taken from international journals of three different academic fields, namely Medicine, Biology, and Chemistry. In particular, the study attempts to understand the changes brought about by the shift from the written to the video channel of communication vis-a-vis the dissemination of research findings.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86452116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40P433
A. Baldry, Deirdre Kantz, A. Loiacono, I. Marenzi, D. Taibi, F. Tursi
Video corpora are one form of specialised corpora that can be used to promote the use of video-hosting sites, such as YouTube and Dailymotion, in domain specific university language learning courses. The article reports the experiences of a group of researchers, working in a variety of roles and from different perspectives, to promote the use of videos hosted on such sites in English for Medical Purposes (EMP) courses. The article describes how the MWSWEB platform modifies access to such sites in ways compatible with corpus-based exploration of domain-specific videos thereby encouraging university students to build their own video corpora under the guidance of their teachers.
{"title":"The MWSWeb Project: Accessing medical discourse in video hosting websites","authors":"A. Baldry, Deirdre Kantz, A. Loiacono, I. Marenzi, D. Taibi, F. Tursi","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P433","url":null,"abstract":"Video corpora are one form of specialised corpora that can be used to promote the use of video-hosting sites, such as YouTube and Dailymotion, in domain specific university language learning courses. The article reports the experiences of a group of researchers, working in a variety of roles and from different perspectives, to promote the use of videos hosted on such sites in English for Medical Purposes (EMP) courses. The article describes how the MWSWEB platform modifies access to such sites in ways compatible with corpus-based exploration of domain-specific videos thereby encouraging university students to build their own video corpora under the guidance of their teachers.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"14 1","pages":"433-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86639838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V40P117
Stefania Consonni
This study explores LEGO and IKEA building instructions within the broader landscape of multisemiotic qualitative data visualization practices. Building instructions are defined as procedural texts, in which an encoder plans ahead how a practical action is to be undertaken in the real world, and as cognitive protocols, guiding users in the performing of complex tasks by way of rescaling the latter in a sequence of smaller problems, and therefore turning representation into action. The peculiarity of LEGO and IKEA building instructions lays however in the multisemiotic mix through which they perform their referential and instructional functions, which does not comprise verbal language. By way of multisemiotic visualization strategies, LEGO and IKEA building instructions present numerical, topographical, analytical and processual meanings in synoptic, integrated fashion, so as to allow the grasping of articulated data sets on the part of the user. Incorporating Systemic Functional Grammar, classic Social Semiotics and Cognitive Discourse Analysis, this study analyses and contrasts the ideational and interpersonal processes through which LEGO and IKEA building instructions codify empirical phenomena and procedures in such a way as to get unspecialized users to obtain a complete and concrete object from a box of scattered pieces. Attention is finally given to the overarching cultural and epistemological tendency that may be detected behind the fast-growing diffusion of visualization in today’s information dissemination practices, i.e. the spatialization of temporal processes.
{"title":"How to do Things without Words: Multisemiotic visualization in LEGO vs. IKEA building instructions","authors":"Stefania Consonni","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P117","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores LEGO and IKEA building instructions within the broader landscape of multisemiotic qualitative data visualization practices. Building instructions are defined as procedural texts, in which an encoder plans ahead how a practical action is to be undertaken in the real world, and as cognitive protocols, guiding users in the performing of complex tasks by way of rescaling the latter in a sequence of smaller problems, and therefore turning representation into action. The peculiarity of LEGO and IKEA building instructions lays however in the multisemiotic mix through which they perform their referential and instructional functions, which does not comprise verbal language. By way of multisemiotic visualization strategies, LEGO and IKEA building instructions present numerical, topographical, analytical and processual meanings in synoptic, integrated fashion, so as to allow the grasping of articulated data sets on the part of the user. Incorporating Systemic Functional Grammar, classic Social Semiotics and Cognitive Discourse Analysis, this study analyses and contrasts the ideational and interpersonal processes through which LEGO and IKEA building instructions codify empirical phenomena and procedures in such a way as to get unspecialized users to obtain a complete and concrete object from a box of scattered pieces. Attention is finally given to the overarching cultural and epistemological tendency that may be detected behind the fast-growing diffusion of visualization in today’s information dissemination practices, i.e. the spatialization of temporal processes.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"153 1","pages":"117-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79674536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chapter sets out to explore how nanotechnology is popularised in online reports and brochures in English issued by European and American institutions and environmental organizations. Nanotechnologies, by manipulating matter at a nanoscale, have a great impact on several disciplines and find applications in sectors such as medicine, engineering, electronics, food, and renewable resources. Given the repercussions on humans’ daily life, many information campaigns have been launched in order to disseminate nanotechnological knowledge to lay people. Different forms and media have been exploited as in other knowledge dissemination processes, with the new media and Web 2.0 playing an important role (Garzone 2007). If knowledge dissemination has been often seen in terms of a “recontextualization” (Calsamiglia, Van Dijk 2004) and a “translation” (Gotti 2013) of specialized information from experts to non-experts as opposed to specialized discourse (Ciapuscio 2003; Calsamiglia, van Dijk 2004; Minelli de Oliveira, Pagano 2006; Kermas, Christiansen 2013; Bongo, Caliendo 2014; Garzone 2014; Gotti 2014; Bathia et al . 2015; Salvi, Bowker 2015), it is nonetheless true that this transfer of information often goes beyond the aim of making exclusive knowledge more comprehensible to the generic public. As a matter of fact, popularized discourse frequently aims “to inform, raise awareness and cause the reader to take action” (Gotti 2014, p. 29). A striking example is for instance health discourse (Cummings 2004, 2005, 2009; Hall 2006). Therefore, this chapter intends to analyse how specialized concepts pertaining to the domain of nanotechnology are popularized in online institutions’ and environmental organizations’ reports and brochures in English and in Italian. With the former emphasizing the advantages and the latter the risks of nanoscience, a common point they share is, however, their concern with the diffusion of nano knowledge and its related vocabulary. More specifically, the analysis, based on Calsamiglia and van Dijk’s classification of five “types of explanation” (2004, p. 372), will identify the discursive strategies adopted.
本章探讨了如何在欧美机构和环境组织发布的在线报告和英文小册子中普及纳米技术。纳米技术通过在纳米尺度上操纵物质，对几个学科产生了巨大的影响，并在医学、工程、电子、食品和可再生资源等领域得到了应用。考虑到纳米技术对人类日常生活的影响，为了向普通人传播纳米技术知识，已经发起了许多信息运动。与其他知识传播过程一样，利用了不同的形式和媒介，其中新媒体和Web 2.0发挥了重要作用(Garzone 2007)。如果知识传播经常被视为“重新语境化”(Calsamiglia, Van Dijk 2004)和专业信息从专家到非专家的“翻译”(Gotti 2013)，而不是专业话语(Ciapuscio 2003;Calsamiglia, van Dijk 2004;Minelli de Oliveira, Pagano 2006;Kermas, Christiansen 2013;Bongo, calendo 2014;Garzone 2014;Gotti 2014;巴西亚等人。2015;Salvi, Bowker 2015)，尽管如此，这种信息传递往往超出了使专有知识更容易被普通公众理解的目的。事实上，大众化话语的目的往往是“告知、提高认识并促使读者采取行动”(Gotti 2014, p. 29)。一个显著的例子是健康话语(Cummings 2004、2005、2009;大厅2006)。因此，本章打算分析与纳米技术领域相关的专业概念是如何在在线机构和环境组织的英语和意大利语报告和小册子中普及的。前者强调纳米科学的优势，后者强调纳米科学的风险，然而，他们的共同点是他们对纳米知识及其相关词汇的传播的关注。更具体地说，该分析基于Calsamiglia和van Dijk对五种“解释类型”的分类(2004，第372页)，将确定所采用的话语策略。
{"title":"“Tiny new ingredients are a big concern”. The popularization of nanotechonologies in environmental organizations’ and institutions’ publications","authors":"Franca Poppi, A. Sezzi","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V40P23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V40P23","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter sets out to explore how nanotechnology is popularised in online reports and brochures in English issued by European and American institutions and environmental organizations. Nanotechnologies, by manipulating matter at a nanoscale, have a great impact on several disciplines and find applications in sectors such as medicine, engineering, electronics, food, and renewable resources. Given the repercussions on humans’ daily life, many information campaigns have been launched in order to disseminate nanotechnological knowledge to lay people. Different forms and media have been exploited as in other knowledge dissemination processes, with the new media and Web 2.0 playing an important role (Garzone 2007). If knowledge dissemination has been often seen in terms of a “recontextualization” (Calsamiglia, Van Dijk 2004) and a “translation” (Gotti 2013) of specialized information from experts to non-experts as opposed to specialized discourse (Ciapuscio 2003; Calsamiglia, van Dijk 2004; Minelli de Oliveira, Pagano 2006; Kermas, Christiansen 2013; Bongo, Caliendo 2014; Garzone 2014; Gotti 2014; Bathia et al . 2015; Salvi, Bowker 2015), it is nonetheless true that this transfer of information often goes beyond the aim of making exclusive knowledge more comprehensible to the generic public. As a matter of fact, popularized discourse frequently aims “to inform, raise awareness and cause the reader to take action” (Gotti 2014, p. 29). A striking example is for instance health discourse (Cummings 2004, 2005, 2009; Hall 2006). Therefore, this chapter intends to analyse how specialized concepts pertaining to the domain of nanotechnology are popularized in online institutions’ and environmental organizations’ reports and brochures in English and in Italian. With the former emphasizing the advantages and the latter the risks of nanoscience, a common point they share is, however, their concern with the diffusion of nano knowledge and its related vocabulary. More specifically, the analysis, based on Calsamiglia and van Dijk’s classification of five “types of explanation” (2004, p. 372), will identify the discursive strategies adopted.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"68 1","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84175397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reports on a thirty-hour teaching module of English at the University of Udine in the second year of the degree course in Lingue e Letterature Straniere. The main goal was to raise the students’ awareness of how discourse and pragmatics provide tools useful to the discovery in an argumentative press article of the writer’s strategies to persuade the addressee and the role of the addressee in shaping language and content choices. The paper illustrates the methodology that was followed. It is divided into two sections. The first one contains a presentation of academic research related to the main themes covered in the course, from the layout of argumentation (Toulmin 2003, p. 87) to the arguer’s “strategic maneuvering” (van Eemeren 2010, p. 41) to persuade the “audience” (Perelman, Olbrechts-Tyteca 1969, pp. 5-8, 19). The second section describes the syllabus of the module to facilitate the comprehension of concepts from discourse and pragmatics. An overview of five workshops from the ten that characterized the module is included. A synthesis of a mini-lecture, aimed at connecting the students’ analysis of the articles to the academic research, concludes the presentation of each workshop.
{"title":"Pragmatics through argumentative press articles. From theory to practice","authors":"Rosalia Di Nisio","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V39P97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V39P97","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports on a thirty-hour teaching module of English at the University of Udine in the second year of the degree course in Lingue e Letterature Straniere. The main goal was to raise the students’ awareness of how discourse and pragmatics provide tools useful to the discovery in an argumentative press article of the writer’s strategies to persuade the addressee and the role of the addressee in shaping language and content choices. The paper illustrates the methodology that was followed. It is divided into two sections. The first one contains a presentation of academic research related to the main themes covered in the course, from the layout of argumentation (Toulmin 2003, p. 87) to the arguer’s “strategic maneuvering” (van Eemeren 2010, p. 41) to persuade the “audience” (Perelman, Olbrechts-Tyteca 1969, pp. 5-8, 19). The second section describes the syllabus of the module to facilitate the comprehension of concepts from discourse and pragmatics. An overview of five workshops from the ten that characterized the module is included. A synthesis of a mini-lecture, aimed at connecting the students’ analysis of the articles to the academic research, concludes the presentation of each workshop.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":"37 1","pages":"97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84924872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V39P235
Salud María Jarilla Bravo
With this paper, we aim to remember the importance of the figure of Julio Casares and his ideological dictionary of the Spanish language. It is claimed to make a tour of the structure of this work that aimed to create a reference between the idea and the concretization of the said mental entity through the word. In addition, the appropriate instructions for correct use will be recalled, as the author himself describes in the preliminary pages. We will review the three parts that make up the dictionary and its main function, remembering the uses for which the author designed this work, through some search example. The dictionary, moreover, by the type of organization which it presents, supposes within the paremiological studies an indispensable source and rich in forms. It allows to analyze and localize a compendium of phraseologisms in Spanish. Its organization into ideological blocks facilitates the access and location of phraseological units through the main theme or idea.
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