Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-149-168
I. S. Bukina, L. Lykova
In the first quarter of 2021 against the background of a slight recovery in economic activity and a continuing downward trend in real household incomes the RF consolidated budget revenues grew not only in nominal terms, but also in real terms compared to last year. The most active growth in real terms was demonstrated by tax revenues and VAT. Income taxes and social insurance payments related to the income of the population are significantly behind the rate of inflation. The formed positive trend in world oil prices, however, does not yet provide access to the level of last year’s oil and gas revenues of the federal budget. At the same time, the outstripping growth of non-oil and gas revenues, even with the increase in the total volume of federal budget expenditures above the rate of inflation, ensured the final positive balance of both the federal budget and the consolidated budget. In the first quarter of the year, spending on the national economy grew at a faster pace. The growth rate of social policy expenditures remains high. Sub-federal budget revenues also showed a pronounced upward trend, mainly due to federal transfers. There is a certain shift in emphasis from their non-target types to their target ones. Although the expenditures of the sub-federal budgets increased in real terms, the balance of the consolidated budgets remained positive. Nevertheless, in a number of regions, there is a budget deficit with a significant amount of deficit financing of expenditures. The values of the state subfederal debt decreased slightly, while the total amount of the country’s state internal debt increased significantly.
{"title":"A Year of a Pandemic: the State of the Russian Budget System","authors":"I. S. Bukina, L. Lykova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-149-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-149-168","url":null,"abstract":"In the first quarter of 2021 against the background of a slight recovery in economic activity and a continuing downward trend in real household incomes the RF consolidated budget revenues grew not only in nominal terms, but also in real terms compared to last year. The most active growth in real terms was demonstrated by tax revenues and VAT. Income taxes and social insurance payments related to the income of the population are significantly behind the rate of inflation. The formed positive trend in world oil prices, however, does not yet provide access to the level of last year’s oil and gas revenues of the federal budget. At the same time, the outstripping growth of non-oil and gas revenues, even with the increase in the total volume of federal budget expenditures above the rate of inflation, ensured the final positive balance of both the federal budget and the consolidated budget. In the first quarter of the year, spending on the national economy grew at a faster pace. The growth rate of social policy expenditures remains high. Sub-federal budget revenues also showed a pronounced upward trend, mainly due to federal transfers. There is a certain shift in emphasis from their non-target types to their target ones. Although the expenditures of the sub-federal budgets increased in real terms, the balance of the consolidated budgets remained positive. Nevertheless, in a number of regions, there is a budget deficit with a significant amount of deficit financing of expenditures. The values of the state subfederal debt decreased slightly, while the total amount of the country’s state internal debt increased significantly. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75707214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-25-42
Е. S. Emelyanova, L. А. Vasiliev
Climate change is a serious, widespread threat and requires an urgent global response, including in the management of environmental risks. The authors of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, first of all, set the task of assessing the ESG risks of Russian companies at the regional level. The methodology of the study was based only on the analysis of environmental risks due to the historical features of the development of the Russian Federation, the approach of S&P Global in the field of corporate sustainability assessment was adopted, and then the initial values of the companies ‘ E-ratings were adjusted using the impact map developed by the United Nations. To test the proposed approach to assessing environmental risks, we used a sample of data on types of economic activity in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of applying the proposed approach to data sampling, companies were assigned to one of the three categories that determine their exposure to E-risk: high, moderate, and low environmental risk. The E-risk exposure was also assessed based on the company’s regional affiliation to the relevant federal district. The main conclusion of the study was the confirmation of the need to improve the quality of analytics of companies ‘ exposure to environmental risks, the need for more detailed information disclosed by companies.
{"title":"Approbation of Approaches to Assessment of ESG Risks of Russian Companies at the Regional Level","authors":"Е. S. Emelyanova, L. А. Vasiliev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-25-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-25-42","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a serious, widespread threat and requires an urgent global response, including in the management of environmental risks. The authors of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, first of all, set the task of assessing the ESG risks of Russian companies at the regional level. The methodology of the study was based only on the analysis of environmental risks due to the historical features of the development of the Russian Federation, the approach of S&P Global in the field of corporate sustainability assessment was adopted, and then the initial values of the companies ‘ E-ratings were adjusted using the impact map developed by the United Nations. To test the proposed approach to assessing environmental risks, we used a sample of data on types of economic activity in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of applying the proposed approach to data sampling, companies were assigned to one of the three categories that determine their exposure to E-risk: high, moderate, and low environmental risk. The E-risk exposure was also assessed based on the company’s regional affiliation to the relevant federal district. The main conclusion of the study was the confirmation of the need to improve the quality of analytics of companies ‘ exposure to environmental risks, the need for more detailed information disclosed by companies. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75996209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-43-64
О. S. Sukharev
Regional development management involves the use of development institutions, which are designed to enhance the functionality in solving the problems of the regions. For Russian regions, it is quite often proposed to borrow such institutions, for example, in the form of agencies and corporations for regional development, which looks very unreasonable. The task of distributing resources between regions, which cannot be considered solved in Russia, involves assessing the effectiveness of regional management, executive authorities, for which a system of indicators (of 20 parameters) and corresponding methods have been developed and approved, which are currently being improved and processed. The unresolved nature of these problems makes us once again turn to the validity of the decisions made and the argumentation of the position on the use of development agencies as institutions. This study provides a critical analysis of the borrowing of development institutions for the regions, demonstrating the importance of the project management method, which involves a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of new functions, which is difficult to implement without a reliable assessment of the reasons for the negative work of existing functions and institutions at the regional level. Using a comparative survey method of analysis, measurement principles suitable for assessing the effectiveness of management, an alternative methodology for measuring the effectiveness of regional authorities in Russia is proposed. It allows you to assess the economic, social, administrative, budgetary and environmental aspects of the development of the region and the solution to breakdown in these areas by the executive bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The advantage of the proposed alternative methodology is the smaller number of indicators, as well as the use of an already established accounting and measurement system, with minimal costs for the creation of new methods and their testing. Like any approach of this type, the assessment is conditional, but the convenience of the methodology, flexibility and simplicity, allow us to give a generalized assessment of both the development of the region and the management of its development. At the same time, the use of private indicators characterizing individual spheres of the region’s functioning can occur within the framework of each of the areas of work of a government body. Thus, the analysis performed casts doubt on the need for regional agencies and corporations as an institutional panacea for development. In addition, it allows us to propose a different institution for assessing the effectiveness of management, on which the procedures for allocating resources between regions will depend, which is especially important in connection with the goals of restructuring regional debts and the implementation of infrastructure loans declared by the Federal government.
{"title":"Assessment of Regional Development Institutions and Executive Authorities of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation","authors":"О. S. Sukharev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-43-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-43-64","url":null,"abstract":"Regional development management involves the use of development institutions, which are designed to enhance the functionality in solving the problems of the regions. For Russian regions, it is quite often proposed to borrow such institutions, for example, in the form of agencies and corporations for regional development, which looks very unreasonable. The task of distributing resources between regions, which cannot be considered solved in Russia, involves assessing the effectiveness of regional management, executive authorities, for which a system of indicators (of 20 parameters) and corresponding methods have been developed and approved, which are currently being improved and processed. The unresolved nature of these problems makes us once again turn to the validity of the decisions made and the argumentation of the position on the use of development agencies as institutions. This study provides a critical analysis of the borrowing of development institutions for the regions, demonstrating the importance of the project management method, which involves a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of new functions, which is difficult to implement without a reliable assessment of the reasons for the negative work of existing functions and institutions at the regional level. Using a comparative survey method of analysis, measurement principles suitable for assessing the effectiveness of management, an alternative methodology for measuring the effectiveness of regional authorities in Russia is proposed. It allows you to assess the economic, social, administrative, budgetary and environmental aspects of the development of the region and the solution to breakdown in these areas by the executive bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The advantage of the proposed alternative methodology is the smaller number of indicators, as well as the use of an already established accounting and measurement system, with minimal costs for the creation of new methods and their testing. Like any approach of this type, the assessment is conditional, but the convenience of the methodology, flexibility and simplicity, allow us to give a generalized assessment of both the development of the region and the management of its development. At the same time, the use of private indicators characterizing individual spheres of the region’s functioning can occur within the framework of each of the areas of work of a government body. Thus, the analysis performed casts doubt on the need for regional agencies and corporations as an institutional panacea for development. In addition, it allows us to propose a different institution for assessing the effectiveness of management, on which the procedures for allocating resources between regions will depend, which is especially important in connection with the goals of restructuring regional debts and the implementation of infrastructure loans declared by the Federal government. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75934106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-84-114
О. V. Morozov, А. G. Biryukov
In the context of the development of the pandemic in 2020, the federal budget and subnational budgets of the Russian Federation were executed with significant deviations from the indicators and norms approved by the relevant laws and decisions. Certain provisions of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation were suspended. A mechanism for flexible execution of budgets has been formed. Its use led to a significant increase in budget expenditures and the federal budget deficit, despite the fact that the current law on the federal budget determined a high level of its surplus. The subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities in the conditions of the pandemic formed a new order for additional financial resources, the amount of which was specified and changed during 2020. These circumstances affected the level of budget security of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and caused a radical increase in inter-budget transfers compared to 2019. To assess the effectiveness of decisions in the field of inter-budget regulation implemented in 2020, a general analysis of the conditions of legal regulation, as well as the timing and consequences of the distribution and provision of inter-budget transfers from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was carried out. A methodology is proposed and a factor analysis of the relationship between the volume of federal support and the needs of the regions in obtaining it is carried out. The results of the evaluation indicate both that there is no strict correlation between them, and that additional support was not accompanied by the setting of appropriate goals and objectives, and the timely preparation of a methodology for allocating resources. The proposed methodology for assessing the mechanisms and results of the distribution of financial assistance for each subject of the Russian Federation has shown its effectiveness and can be recommended for its application in future periods.
{"title":"Questions to the Domestic Practice of Inter-Budgetary Regulation in the Pandemic Situation of 2020","authors":"О. V. Morozov, А. G. Biryukov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-84-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-84-114","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the development of the pandemic in 2020, the federal budget and subnational budgets of the Russian Federation were executed with significant deviations from the indicators and norms approved by the relevant laws and decisions. Certain provisions of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation were suspended. A mechanism for flexible execution of budgets has been formed. Its use led to a significant increase in budget expenditures and the federal budget deficit, despite the fact that the current law on the federal budget determined a high level of its surplus. The subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities in the conditions of the pandemic formed a new order for additional financial resources, the amount of which was specified and changed during 2020. These circumstances affected the level of budget security of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and caused a radical increase in inter-budget transfers compared to 2019. To assess the effectiveness of decisions in the field of inter-budget regulation implemented in 2020, a general analysis of the conditions of legal regulation, as well as the timing and consequences of the distribution and provision of inter-budget transfers from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was carried out. A methodology is proposed and a factor analysis of the relationship between the volume of federal support and the needs of the regions in obtaining it is carried out. The results of the evaluation indicate both that there is no strict correlation between them, and that additional support was not accompanied by the setting of appropriate goals and objectives, and the timely preparation of a methodology for allocating resources. The proposed methodology for assessing the mechanisms and results of the distribution of financial assistance for each subject of the Russian Federation has shown its effectiveness and can be recommended for its application in future periods. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-65-83
А. Odintsova
World experience shows that in modern conditions urban agglomerations are the most important form of spatial development. This is also evidenced by the experience gained in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Urban agglomerations are characterized by a large internal market, a high level of human capital, a high-quality urban environment, developed infrastructure, innovative potential, and higher entrepreneurial activity. Despite the fact that the Russian regions have already accumulated sufficient experience in the development of agglomerations, the issues of their formation have not yet been resolved at the federal level. This requires finding the optimal balance in the powers of municipalities and public authorities in their management. In the article, the author examines the key issues related to their institutionalization in Russia on the basis of the experience of a number of foreign countries in line with domestic experience. Being a form of inter-municipal cooperation, urban agglomerations are also the object of state management. The author analyzes the main provisions related to the development of urban agglomerations, which are contained in the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025, as well as the Draft Law developed in the Ministry of Economic Development “On Urban Agglomerations”. It is concluded that the development of urban agglomerations is an integral part of a more general process of developing inter-municipal cooperation.
{"title":"Challenges of Agglomerations Development in Russia","authors":"А. Odintsova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-65-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-65-83","url":null,"abstract":"World experience shows that in modern conditions urban agglomerations are the most important form of spatial development. This is also evidenced by the experience gained in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Urban agglomerations are characterized by a large internal market, a high level of human capital, a high-quality urban environment, developed infrastructure, innovative potential, and higher entrepreneurial activity. Despite the fact that the Russian regions have already accumulated sufficient experience in the development of agglomerations, the issues of their formation have not yet been resolved at the federal level. This requires finding the optimal balance in the powers of municipalities and public authorities in their management. In the article, the author examines the key issues related to their institutionalization in Russia on the basis of the experience of a number of foreign countries in line with domestic experience. Being a form of inter-municipal cooperation, urban agglomerations are also the object of state management. The author analyzes the main provisions related to the development of urban agglomerations, which are contained in the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025, as well as the Draft Law developed in the Ministry of Economic Development “On Urban Agglomerations”. It is concluded that the development of urban agglomerations is an integral part of a more general process of developing inter-municipal cooperation. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87270907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-169-186
А. V. Vilenskiy
Potentially, the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in cross-border cooperation in the border regions of the country should intensify its development, bring specificity to it. However, the analysis showed that there is no noticeable specificity in the dynamics of employment in the field of small and medium-sized businesses in non-priority geostrategic border areas in comparison with other regions of Russia, incl. the crisis year 2020. As in the country as a whole, the development of small and medium-sized businesses in these border areas is difficult, unstable, multidirectional, moreover, in line with the longterm tendency towards its curtailment. Against the background of a generally unfavorable economic, including entrepreneurial, climate, the specifics of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses in the border areas are hardly distinguishable. This lack of distinction confirms the low estimates of the degree of openness of the Russian economy, the fact that a significant part of the border regions are depressed. With a low level of openness, the potential opportunities from cross-border and other economic cooperation with foreign countries in such Russian territories are poorly realized and play a secondary role. Nonpriority border regions to a greater extent perform “barrier functions” due to geostrategic reasons, rather than the functions of economic growth points.
{"title":"Geostrategic Border Territories of Russia: Small and Medium Business","authors":"А. V. Vilenskiy","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-169-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-169-186","url":null,"abstract":"Potentially, the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in cross-border cooperation in the border regions of the country should intensify its development, bring specificity to it. However, the analysis showed that there is no noticeable specificity in the dynamics of employment in the field of small and medium-sized businesses in non-priority geostrategic border areas in comparison with other regions of Russia, incl. the crisis year 2020. As in the country as a whole, the development of small and medium-sized businesses in these border areas is difficult, unstable, multidirectional, moreover, in line with the longterm tendency towards its curtailment. Against the background of a generally unfavorable economic, including entrepreneurial, climate, the specifics of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses in the border areas are hardly distinguishable. This lack of distinction confirms the low estimates of the degree of openness of the Russian economy, the fact that a significant part of the border regions are depressed. With a low level of openness, the potential opportunities from cross-border and other economic cooperation with foreign countries in such Russian territories are poorly realized and play a secondary role. Nonpriority border regions to a greater extent perform “barrier functions” due to geostrategic reasons, rather than the functions of economic growth points.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80822261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-187-205
V. Selivanov
In 2019 6.6 million people rested in the Crimea. Most of them – 45,2%, rested on the southern coast of the Crimea; 26,8% on the West Coast and 16,3% on the East. However, this figure is 3% less than the tourist flow in 2018, and is still quite far from the peak of popularity of the Crimea in 1988, when 8,3 million people arrived in the region for vacation. The current trend cannot be considered effective enough for the Crimean economy, where tourism is considered one of the priorities.in addition, as the study shows, only 12,4% of the local budget was replenished through taxes on tourism activities. This suggests that a significant part of the tourism industry works in the shadows. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current state of the tourism industry in the Crimea and consider the possibilities of the existing tourist potential for the further effective development of the industry. The article reflects the results of the author’s empirical research, reflecting the factors limiting the implementation of innovative projects strategically significant for the tourism industry of the Republic of the Crimea.
{"title":"Research of Opportunities for the Prospective Development of the Crimean Tourist Destination","authors":"V. Selivanov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-187-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-187-205","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019 6.6 million people rested in the Crimea. Most of them – 45,2%, rested on the southern coast of the Crimea; 26,8% on the West Coast and 16,3% on the East. However, this figure is 3% less than the tourist flow in 2018, and is still quite far from the peak of popularity of the Crimea in 1988, when 8,3 million people arrived in the region for vacation. The current trend cannot be considered effective enough for the Crimean economy, where tourism is considered one of the priorities.in addition, as the study shows, only 12,4% of the local budget was replenished through taxes on tourism activities. This suggests that a significant part of the tourism industry works in the shadows. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current state of the tourism industry in the Crimea and consider the possibilities of the existing tourist potential for the further effective development of the industry. The article reflects the results of the author’s empirical research, reflecting the factors limiting the implementation of innovative projects strategically significant for the tourism industry of the Republic of the Crimea. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82682116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-5-24
I. Karavaeva
The process of formation and development of the theory of economic security is objectively related to the cyclical nature of economic development. Economic security as a phenomenon is of little interest to researchers in prosperous periods of economic activities. On the contrary, during periods of economic crises, scientific analysis of the risks and threats to the national economy in foreign markets and the reasons for the decline in the efficiency of domestic production comes to the fore. The article examines the stages of the formation and development of theoretical research in the field of economic security in the works of Western scientists, starting from the 1930s of the twentieth century, and also Russian researchers and practitioners from the 1990s up to the present. Particular attention is paid to changes in the economic security of the trends in today’s pandemic crisis and developing based on its structural and civilizational crisis in the world economy. The article substantiates that today almost all countries perceive the social factor not as a kind of addition to ensuring national economic security, but as its priority component. World political leaders, members of the public, entrepreneurs are clearly aware and widely discussing the existence of a contradiction between social and economic interests within the framework of such a phenomenon as “national economic security.” And now there is an active search for opportunities to remove this contradiction. The current situation inevitably requires clarification of the actual and potential threats to economic security for modern Russia, and the adoption of appropriate measures to prevent and neutralize them. The article also discusses the possibility of including the system of state monitoring, assessment and countering threats to socio-economic development for modern Russia in the existing institutions of state regulation at the federal and subfederal levels.
{"title":"Economic security theory: stages of development and transition to a new reality","authors":"I. Karavaeva","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-5-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-5-24","url":null,"abstract":"The process of formation and development of the theory of economic security is objectively related to the cyclical nature of economic development. Economic security as a phenomenon is of little interest to researchers in prosperous periods of economic activities. On the contrary, during periods of economic crises, scientific analysis of the risks and threats to the national economy in foreign markets and the reasons for the decline in the efficiency of domestic production comes to the fore. The article examines the stages of the formation and development of theoretical research in the field of economic security in the works of Western scientists, starting from the 1930s of the twentieth century, and also Russian researchers and practitioners from the 1990s up to the present. Particular attention is paid to changes in the economic security of the trends in today’s pandemic crisis and developing based on its structural and civilizational crisis in the world economy. The article substantiates that today almost all countries perceive the social factor not as a kind of addition to ensuring national economic security, but as its priority component. World political leaders, members of the public, entrepreneurs are clearly aware and widely discussing the existence of a contradiction between social and economic interests within the framework of such a phenomenon as “national economic security.” And now there is an active search for opportunities to remove this contradiction. The current situation inevitably requires clarification of the actual and potential threats to economic security for modern Russia, and the adoption of appropriate measures to prevent and neutralize them. The article also discusses the possibility of including the system of state monitoring, assessment and countering threats to socio-economic development for modern Russia in the existing institutions of state regulation at the federal and subfederal levels.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80031788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-115-148
G. I. Chufrin
After collapse of the Soviet Union new sovereign states that emerged on its territory faced pressing problems of economic survival and development, provision of social needs and prevention of a political chaos. Under these conditions an optimum outcome seemed to be to find a mutually beneficial model of interstate relationship between these countries which accepting new political realities would preserve (and then – develop) positive results of their long-term economic interaction in the framework of the USSR single national-economic complex. However, a rather long time was actually required before centrifugal tendencies in the post-Soviet space were replaced by centripetal ones. And only by the end of the first decade of the 21st century Russia, Kazakhstan and Byelorussia – the top post-Soviet states in terms of GNP – succeeded in coordinating their positions in favor of a mutual economic cooperation, being in fact of an integration character, and take a decision to create for this purpose first the Customs Union, then – the United Common Space and finally – the Eurasian Economic Union. The article presents analysis of basic achievements and shortcomings of these integration associations, explores the step-by-step progress of the Eurasian integration process as well as the role in its development of cooperation with foreign partners. Also, major challenges and threats facing Russian political and economic national interests in the post-Soviet space are explored and principal ways and means to be undertaken for their elimination or neutralization are outlined. Also, the article explores the current state and development prospects of the Eurasian Economic Union which functions in conditions of a deep global economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic and problems at the world oil market. Besides these factors of a global character the EEU activities experience a serious negative impact of a number of regional problems and challenges – from a continuing regime of Western trade and economic sanctions and up to political maneuvers carried out by some EEU members (Armenia, Byelorussia) under slogans of multipolarity which resulted in a crisis of their domestic and foreign policies and also seriously undermined their participation in the EEU economic activities. General conclusion of the above analysis is made nevertheless in favor of positive prospects of the EEU development which has succeeded in preserving its viability under extreme conditions. This conclusion is also supported by all Union members officially stating their intention to continue their interaction and deepen mutual cooperation.
{"title":"The Origin, Formation and Development Prospects of the Eurasian Integration","authors":"G. I. Chufrin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-115-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-2-115-148","url":null,"abstract":"After collapse of the Soviet Union new sovereign states that emerged on its territory faced pressing problems of economic survival and development, provision of social needs and prevention of a political chaos. Under these conditions an optimum outcome seemed to be to find a mutually beneficial model of interstate relationship between these countries which accepting new political realities would preserve (and then – develop) positive results of their long-term economic interaction in the framework of the USSR single national-economic complex. However, a rather long time was actually required before centrifugal tendencies in the post-Soviet space were replaced by centripetal ones. And only by the end of the first decade of the 21st century Russia, Kazakhstan and Byelorussia – the top post-Soviet states in terms of GNP – succeeded in coordinating their positions in favor of a mutual economic cooperation, being in fact of an integration character, and take a decision to create for this purpose first the Customs Union, then – the United Common Space and finally – the Eurasian Economic Union. The article presents analysis of basic achievements and shortcomings of these integration associations, explores the step-by-step progress of the Eurasian integration process as well as the role in its development of cooperation with foreign partners. Also, major challenges and threats facing Russian political and economic national interests in the post-Soviet space are explored and principal ways and means to be undertaken for their elimination or neutralization are outlined. Also, the article explores the current state and development prospects of the Eurasian Economic Union which functions in conditions of a deep global economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic and problems at the world oil market. Besides these factors of a global character the EEU activities experience a serious negative impact of a number of regional problems and challenges – from a continuing regime of Western trade and economic sanctions and up to political maneuvers carried out by some EEU members (Armenia, Byelorussia) under slogans of multipolarity which resulted in a crisis of their domestic and foreign policies and also seriously undermined their participation in the EEU economic activities. General conclusion of the above analysis is made nevertheless in favor of positive prospects of the EEU development which has succeeded in preserving its viability under extreme conditions. This conclusion is also supported by all Union members officially stating their intention to continue their interaction and deepen mutual cooperation. ","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73170340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2021-1-207-220
L. Lykova
In the context of the economic crisis of 2020, triggered by the global pandemic, regional budgets faced a pronounced drop in tax revenues. The regions, whose economy is based on the extractive sector and metallurgy were most seriously affected. The drop in corporate income tax receipts in some regions was critical. At the same time, due to the implemented measures to support employment and income of the population, the personal income tax receipts have even increased. The most important element of supporting regional budget revenues was a significant increase in federal transfers. In fact, all categories of intergovernmental transfers (grants, subsidies, subventions, and other transfers) were used to support regional budgets. At the same time, the most financially prosperous subjects of the Russian Federation solved the problems that arose mainly at the expense of their own reserves. The result was the ability of the regions to increase spending in the most important areas (health, social policy). Nevertheless, it was not possible to avoid a pronounced increase in budget deficits of the subjects the Russian Federation and an increase in the volume of state sub-federal debt.
{"title":"Consolidated Budgets of the Subjects of the Russian Federation in 2020: Opportunities for Fulfilling Obligations in the Context of the Crisis","authors":"L. Lykova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2021-1-207-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2021-1-207-220","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the economic crisis of 2020, triggered by the global pandemic, regional budgets faced a pronounced drop in tax revenues. The regions, whose economy is based on the extractive sector and metallurgy were most seriously affected. The drop in corporate income tax receipts in some regions was critical. At the same time, due to the implemented measures to support employment and income of the population, the personal income tax receipts have even increased. The most important element of supporting regional budget revenues was a significant increase in federal transfers. In fact, all categories of intergovernmental transfers (grants, subsidies, subventions, and other transfers) were used to support regional budgets. At the same time, the most financially prosperous subjects of the Russian Federation solved the problems that arose mainly at the expense of their own reserves. The result was the ability of the regions to increase spending in the most important areas (health, social policy). Nevertheless, it was not possible to avoid a pronounced increase in budget deficits of the subjects the Russian Federation and an increase in the volume of state sub-federal debt.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72658303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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