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2019 IEEE 32nd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)最新文献

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Training Data Enhancements for Robust Polyp Segmentation in Colonoscopy Images 结肠镜图像中稳健息肉分割的训练数据增强
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00047
V. D. A. Thomaz, César A. Sierra Franco, A. Raposo
Automatic polyp detection systems are an important tools to aid in the diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer. Currently, methods based on deep learning approaches have presented promising results. However, the performance of these techniques is highly associated with the use of large and varied data samples for training. This is one of the main limitations of applying Deep Learning techniques in the medical field since the amount of data for training is generally limited compared to nonmedical disciplines. This work proposes a novel method to increase the quantity and variability of training images from a publicly available colonoscopy dataset. The developed approach enrich the training data adding polyps to regions of nonpolypoid samples, creating automatically new data with their appropriate labels. Performance results show that convolutional neural networks trained in these syntactically-enhanced datasets improved the accuracy on polyps segmentation task while reducing the false positive rate. These results open new possibilities for advancing the study and implementation of new methods to automatically increase the number of samples in datasets for computer-assisted medical image analysis.
自动息肉检测系统是帮助诊断和预防结直肠癌的重要工具。目前,基于深度学习方法的方法已经呈现出有希望的结果。然而,这些技术的性能与使用大量不同的数据样本进行训练高度相关。这是在医学领域应用深度学习技术的主要限制之一,因为与非医学学科相比,用于训练的数据量通常是有限的。这项工作提出了一种新的方法来增加来自公开可用的结肠镜数据集的训练图像的数量和可变性。该方法通过将息肉添加到非息肉样体样本的区域来丰富训练数据,自动生成带有相应标签的新数据。性能结果表明,在这些语法增强的数据集上训练的卷积神经网络提高了息肉分割任务的准确率,同时降低了误报率。这些结果为推进新方法的研究和实施开辟了新的可能性,以自动增加计算机辅助医学图像分析数据集中的样本数量。
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引用次数: 11
On Computer-Aided Prognosis of Septic Shock from Vital Signs 从生命体征判断感染性休克的计算机辅助预后
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00028
H. Oğul, Alejandro Baldominos Gómez, Tunç Aşuroğlu, Ricardo Colomo Palacios
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition due to the reaction to an infection. With certain changes in circulatory system, sepsis may progress to septic shock if it is left untreated. Therefore, early prognosis of septic shock may facilitate implementing correct treatment and prevent more serious complications. In this study, we assess the feasibility of applying a computer-aided prognosis system for septic shock. The system is envisaged as a tool to predict septic shock at the time of sepsis onset using only vital signs which are collected routinely in intensive care units (ICUs). To this end, we evaluate the performances of computational methods that take the sequence of vital signs acquired until sepsis onset as input and report the possibility of progressing to a septic shock before any further clinical analysis is performed. Results show that an adaptation of multivariate dynamic time warping can reveal higher accuracy than other known time-series classification methods on a new dataset built from a public ICU database. We argue that the use of computational intelligence methods can promote computer-aided prognosis of septic shock in hospitalized environment to a certain degree.
由于对感染的反应,败血症是一种危及生命的疾病。随着循环系统的改变,脓毒症如不及时治疗可发展为感染性休克。因此,脓毒性休克的早期预后有助于实施正确的治疗,防止更严重的并发症。在这项研究中,我们评估应用计算机辅助预后系统对感染性休克的可行性。该系统被设想为在脓毒症发作时预测脓毒症休克的工具,仅使用在重症监护病房(icu)常规收集的生命体征。为此,我们评估了计算方法的性能,该方法将脓毒症发病前获得的生命体征序列作为输入,并在进行任何进一步的临床分析之前报告进展为脓毒症休克的可能性。结果表明,在ICU公共数据库构建的新数据集上,采用多元动态时间规整的方法比其他已知的时间序列分类方法具有更高的分类精度。我们认为使用计算智能方法可以在一定程度上促进脓毒性休克在住院环境下的计算机辅助预后。
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引用次数: 4
Automatic Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease through Handwriting Analysis: A Cartesian Genetic Programming Approach 通过笔迹分析来自动诊断帕金森病:一种笛卡尔遗传规划方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00071
R. Senatore, A. D. Cioppa, A. Marcelli
Early disease identification through non-invasive and automatic techniques has gathered increasing interest by the scientific community in the last decades. In this context, Parkinsons Disease (PD) has received particular attention in that it is a severe and progressive neurodegenerative disease and, therefore, early diagnosis would provide more prompt and effective intervention strategies. This, in turn, would successfully influence the life expectancy of the patients. However, the acceptance of computer-based diagnosis by doctors is hampered by the black-box approach implemented by the most performing systems, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines, which do not explicit the rules adopted by the system. In this context, we propose a Cartesian Genetic Programming, aimed at automatically identify PD through the analysis of handwriting performed by PD patients and healthy controls. The use of such approach is particularly interesting in that it allows to infer explicit models of classification and, at same time, to automatically identify a suitable subset of features relevant for a correct diagnosis. The approach has been evaluated on the features extracted from the handwriting samples contained in the publicly available PaHaW dataset. Experimental results show that our approach compares favorably with state-of-the-art methods and, more importantly, provides an explicit model of the classification criteria.
在过去的几十年里,通过非侵入性和自动技术进行早期疾病识别已经引起了科学界越来越大的兴趣。在这种背景下,帕金森病(PD)受到了特别的关注,因为它是一种严重的进行性神经退行性疾病,因此,早期诊断将提供更及时有效的干预策略。反过来,这将成功地影响患者的预期寿命。然而,大多数表现良好的系统(如人工神经网络和支持向量机)所采用的黑盒方法阻碍了医生接受基于计算机的诊断,这些系统没有明确规定系统所采用的规则。在此背景下,我们提出了一种笛卡尔遗传规划,旨在通过分析PD患者和健康对照者的笔迹来自动识别PD。这种方法的使用特别有趣,因为它允许推断明确的分类模型,同时,自动识别与正确诊断相关的适当特征子集。该方法已经在从公开可用的PaHaW数据集中包含的手写样本中提取的特征上进行了评估。实验结果表明,我们的方法优于最先进的方法,更重要的是,提供了一个明确的分类标准模型。
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引用次数: 14
Risk Prediction as a Service: a DSS Architecture Promoting Interoperability and Collaboration 风险预测即服务:促进互操作性和协作的决策支持体系结构
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00069
S. Mariani, F. Zambonelli, Ákos Tényi, Isaac Cano, J. Roca
Clinical research and practice are rapidly changing mostly due to Information and Communication Technology, especially, as Machine Learning (ML) offers great potential for predictive and personalised medicine. Nevertheless, barriers are still existing for widespread adoption of ML tools, as highlighted by studies from the European Union. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a Decision Support System assisting clinicians in assessing health risk of patients by delivering "Risk Prediction as a Service". By leveraging standard web technologies as well as the PMML and PFA formats for exchange of trained models, we achieve ubiquitous access to predictions, ease of deployment, and seamless interoperability, while promoting collaboration.
临床研究和实践正在迅速变化,主要是由于信息和通信技术,特别是机器学习(ML)为预测和个性化医疗提供了巨大的潜力。然而,正如欧盟的研究所强调的那样,ML工具的广泛采用仍然存在障碍。在本文中,我们提出了一个决策支持系统的架构,通过提供“风险预测即服务”来帮助临床医生评估患者的健康风险。通过利用标准的web技术以及PMML和PFA格式来交换训练模型,我们实现了无处不在的预测访问、易于部署和无缝互操作性,同时促进了协作。
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引用次数: 2
Breast Cancer Digital Patient Model to Capture and Visualize Real World Data 乳腺癌数字患者模型捕捉和可视化真实世界的数据
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00132
N. Larburu, Mónica Arrúe, I. Macía, Jon Kerexeta, Naiara Muro
Digital revolution in health enables clinicians to access huge amount of data that can be exploited for decision making. However, the lack of integration of the various data sources, the existence of data sources not directly exploitable (e.g. free text, image, signals, genomic sequences) and the lack of digital data models (i.e. digital representation of the data) make such exploitation difficult. The development of effective Decision Support Systems (DSS) in concrete clinical contexts involves the development of appropriate and integrated representations of them, together with new paradigms for the exploitation, modeling and visualization of data oriented to decision-making. The European project DESIREE aims to contribute to the development of a system with these characteristics that has application to decision making by the Breast Committee. In particular, the visual analytics tool can contribute to the exploitation of clinical data in Breast Cancer.
卫生领域的数字革命使临床医生能够访问可用于决策的大量数据。然而,由于缺乏对各种数据源的整合,存在不能直接利用的数据源(例如自由文本、图像、信号、基因组序列)和缺乏数字数据模型(即数据的数字表示),使得这种利用变得困难。在具体的临床环境中,有效的决策支持系统(DSS)的发展涉及到适当的和集成的表示的发展,以及面向决策的数据的开发、建模和可视化的新范式。欧洲项目DESIREE旨在促进发展一个具有这些特点的系统,使其适用于乳房委员会的决策。特别是,可视化分析工具可以促进乳腺癌临床数据的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Interpretable ECG Beat Embedding using Disentangled Variational Auto-Encoders 使用解纠缠变分自编码器的可解释心电拍嵌入
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00081
T. V. Steenkiste, D. Deschrijver, T. Dhaene
Electrocardiogram signals are often used in medicine. An important aspect of analyzing this data is identifying and classifying the type of beat. This classification is often done through an automated algorithm. Recent advancements in neural networks and deep learning have led to high classification accuracy. However, adoption of neural network models into clinical practice is limited due to the black-box nature of the classification method. In this work, the use of variational auto encoders to learn human-interpretable encodings for the beat types is analyzed. It is demonstrated that using this method, an interpretable and explainable representation of normal and paced beats can be achieved with neural networks.
心电图信号常用于医学。分析这些数据的一个重要方面是识别和分类节拍的类型。这种分类通常是通过自动算法完成的。神经网络和深度学习的最新进展导致了高分类精度。然而,由于分类方法的黑箱性质,神经网络模型在临床实践中的应用受到限制。在这项工作中,分析了使用变分自动编码器来学习节拍类型的人类可解释编码。结果表明,使用这种方法,可以用神经网络实现正常和有节奏节拍的可解释和可解释的表示。
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引用次数: 7
Detecting Relative Changes in Circulating Blood Volume using Ultrasound and Simulation 利用超声和模拟技术检测循环血容量的相对变化
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00063
J. R. Anaraki, Saeed Samet, M. Shehata, K. Aubrey-Bassler, E. Karami, Saba Samet, Andrew J. Smith
Portable ultrasound is increasingly used to assess jugular venous pressure (JVP) to approximate volume status in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Traditionally, increases in jugular venous pressure height signify increasing circulating blood volume. Emerging evidence, suggests that JVP correlates well with sonographic images of the internal jugular vein (IJV). This paper represents a preliminary investigation on the ability of cross-sectional area (CSA) of the IJV to measure relative changes in circulating blood volume. Fourteen healthy subjects had serial transverse ultrasound videos of their IJV captured while lying at five angles designed to simulate relative changes in blood volume. Ultrasound videos of the IJV were both manually and semi-automatically segmented, the CSA was measured, outliers were detected and removed, and Rotation Forest classifier was used to classify the data. By limiting the number of classes from five to three and removing outliers the accuracies improved from 59.50% to 91.05% and 62.74% to 91.89% for manual and semi-automatic segmentation, respectively. This pilot demonstrated that serial measurement of the CSA of the IJV in combination with machine learning techniques represents a viable opportunity to monitor changes in circulating blood volume in healthy subjects, setting the stage for a trial monitoring of patients with CHF.
便携式超声越来越多地用于评估颈静脉压(JVP),以估计充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的容量状态。传统上,颈静脉压升高表示循环血容量增加。新出现的证据表明,JVP与颈内静脉(IJV)的超声图像密切相关。本文对IJV横截面积(CSA)测量循环血容量相对变化的能力进行了初步研究。14名健康受试者在以5个角度躺着时,用连续的横向超声录像拍摄他们的内室,以模拟血容量的相对变化。对IJV的超声视频进行人工和半自动分割,测量CSA,检测并去除异常值,使用Rotation Forest分类器对数据进行分类。通过将分类数量从5个限制到3个并去除异常值,人工分割和半自动分割的准确率分别从59.50%提高到91.05%和62.74%提高到91.89%。该试验表明,结合机器学习技术对IJV的CSA进行连续测量是监测健康受试者循环血容量变化的可行机会,为监测CHF患者的试验奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Privacy in Mobile Health Applications for Breast Cancer Patients 乳腺癌患者移动健康应用程序中的隐私
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00131
Jaime Benjumea, E. Dorronzoro, J. Ropero, O. Rivera, A. Carrasco
Privacy is a major concern for breast cancer patients. When patients use mobile health applications (mHealth apps), many sensitive data are handled by the application developers. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) arises as a solution to privacy issues. In this paper, we analyze the privacy policy of a sample of mHealth apps for breast cancer patients, developing a scale to check if GDPR is complied. Despite privacy is a key factor in the adoption of the use of mHealth apps, the low level of compliance with the GDPR of the analyzed applications was quite surprising. Thus, application developers must be concerned about this matter.
隐私是乳腺癌患者最关心的问题。当患者使用移动健康应用程序(移动健康应用程序)时,许多敏感数据由应用程序开发人员处理。通用数据保护条例(GDPR)的出现是为了解决隐私问题。在本文中,我们分析了乳腺癌患者移动健康应用程序样本的隐私政策,开发了一个量表来检查是否遵守GDPR。尽管隐私是采用移动健康应用程序的一个关键因素,但所分析的应用程序对GDPR的低遵守程度相当令人惊讶。因此,应用程序开发人员必须关注这个问题。
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引用次数: 9
GDPR Impacts and Opportunities for Computer-Aided Diagnosis Guidelines and Legal Perspectives GDPR对计算机辅助诊断指南和法律观点的影响和机会
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00128
Micael Pedrosa, C. Costa, Julian Dorado
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is lengthy and it is essential to resume the impacts of it in specific use-cases to diminish the gap between system developers and regulators. Computer-aided diagnosis is one of such use-cases with increased importance on clinical screening programs. The regulation has distinct mentions that affect automated-decision solutions and healthcare records. This work identifies the fundamental legal issues, challenges and opportunities for this scenario and propose architectural guidelines to tackle them. The result is purely theoretical, however it is based on known architectures such as signaling networks, already applied in the telecommunication sector.
通用数据保护条例(GDPR)冗长,必须在特定用例中恢复其影响,以缩小系统开发人员和监管机构之间的差距。计算机辅助诊断就是其中一个在临床筛查项目中越来越重要的用例。该法规对自动决策解决方案和医疗记录有明显的影响。这项工作确定了该场景的基本法律问题、挑战和机遇,并提出了解决这些问题的架构指导方针。结果是纯粹的理论,然而,它是基于已知的架构,如信号网络,已经应用于电信部门。
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引用次数: 0
BD2Decide: Big Data and Models for Personalized Head and Neck Cancer Decision Support bd2决策:个性化头颈癌决策支持的大数据和模型
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2019.00024
Laura Lopez-Perez, Liss Hernández, M. Ottaviano, E. Martinelli, T. Poli, L. Licitra, M. Arredondo, G. Fico
Head and Neck Cancer is the seventh cancer in incidence worldwide and this high mortality is due to the major cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Currently, the selection of treatment is based on the Tumor-lymph-Nodes-Metastasis prognostic system. This system only considers a few risk factors, being inadequate due to the heterogeneity of such tumors. Within BD2Decide project, an Integrated Decision Support System is being implemented to link data coming from different disciplines with the purpose of providing the necessary information to tailor treatment and care delivery pathways to each Head and Neck Cancer patient. A clinical study with more than 1000 of patients is used to validate the system.
头颈癌是世界上发病率第七大的癌症,其高死亡率是由于主要病例是在晚期诊断出来的。目前,治疗的选择是基于肿瘤-淋巴结-转移预后系统。由于此类肿瘤的异质性,该系统仅考虑少数危险因素,存在不足。在BD2Decide项目中,正在实施一个综合决策支持系统,将来自不同学科的数据联系起来,目的是提供必要的信息,为每个头颈癌患者量身定制治疗和护理途径。一项超过1000名患者的临床研究被用来验证该系统。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2019 IEEE 32nd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)
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