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IMPLEMENTATION OF NORMATIVE ECONOMY ON BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN THE PERIOD OF RASULULLAH SAW 规范经济对商业活动的实施在拉苏鲁拉时期有所体现
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.32332/akademika.v26i1.3181
T. Samad, Rosdalina Bukido
Nowadays not all entrepreneurs implement the concept of normative economy in conducting their business activity, particularly Muslim entrepreneurs which it relates to Islamic Economic Principle. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implementation of normative economy on business activity in the period of Rasulullah SAW. This article uses qualitative methods with the analysis of literacy study approach. The result of this paper shows that Prophet Muhammad SAW has carried out business activities based on normative economic concepts that emphasize ethics in conducting business. As the Prophet said; I have been sent to perfect the moral standard, narrated by Abu Hurairah. The conclusion of this article is that ethics is a principal aspect in business since according to Islam those economic activities cannot be separated from ethics. Thus, it is essential for Muslim entrepreneur to implement ethics on their business activity.
如今,并非所有企业家在进行商业活动时都执行规范经济的概念,特别是与伊斯兰经济原则有关的穆斯林企业家。本文的目的是分析Rasulullah SAW时期规范经济对商业活动的实施。本文采用定性的方法对素养研究方法进行分析。本文的结果表明,先知穆罕默德SAW已经开展的商业活动基于规范的经济概念,强调伦理在开展业务。正如先知所说;我被派来完善阿布·胡莱拉讲述的道德标准。本文的结论是,伦理是商业的一个主要方面,因为根据伊斯兰教,经济活动不能脱离伦理。因此,穆斯林企业家必须在其商业活动中实施道德规范。
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引用次数: 0
THE STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE INDONESIA’S NON-MUSLIM LEADER’S PHENOMENON IN AISYIYAH UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 学生对印尼非穆斯林领袖现象的看法
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.32332/akademika.v26i1.3123
M. Zuhdi, Iwan Setiawan, M. Nawawi, Muhammad Zubad, Iwanudin Iwanudin, H. S. Asnawi
The phenomenon of non-Muslim leaders in Indonesia has given pros and cons in society. Those pros and cons do not only appear among the general public but also appear among students. This study analyzes the views of Muslim students at ‘Aisyiyah University Yogyakarta (UNISA) about the phenomenon of non-Muslim leaders in Indonesia. This research became important considering the last two issues that have emerged in the study of Islam in Indonesia, namely religious intolerance and moderation in few years. The type of this research is mixed qualitative-quantitative field research. The research findings show that there are two kinds of views of UNISA Muslim students about non-Muslim leaders; First, Muslim students who disagree about non-Muslim leaders. They argue that choosing a leader must be based on his/her religion first. This group believed that Islam is the main non-negotiable requirement for someone who wants to run for a leader. Some of them even firmly stated that choosing a non-Muslim leader is categorized as haram. Second, Muslim students agree and do not object to the existence of non-Muslim leaders. The second group believed that religion is not an absolute issue as the requirement for a person who wants to become a leader. This second group argues that track records are more important than religion or ethnicity. The educational background of students also influences their views. Students with religious education backgrounds tend to be more accepting of differences. On the other hand, students who have a general educational background tend not to easily accept differences. Therefore, it can be concluded that the better a person understands religion, the more tolerant of differences he/she will be.
印尼出现非穆斯林领导人的现象在社会上有利有弊。这些利弊不仅出现在公众中,也出现在学生中。本研究分析了日惹爱思雅大学(UNISA)穆斯林学生对印尼非穆斯林领袖现象的看法。考虑到近年来在印度尼西亚的伊斯兰教研究中出现的最后两个问题,即宗教不容忍和节制,这项研究变得很重要。本研究的类型是定性与定量混合的实地研究。研究结果表明,UNISA穆斯林学生对非穆斯林领袖的看法有两种;首先,对非穆斯林领袖持不同意见的穆斯林学生。他们认为,选择领导人必须首先基于他/她的宗教信仰。该组织认为,伊斯兰教是想要竞选领导人的人不可谈判的主要条件。他们中的一些人甚至坚定地认为,选择非穆斯林领导人是“圣地”。其次,穆斯林学生同意且不反对非穆斯林领袖的存在。第二组人认为宗教不是一个绝对的问题,作为一个人想成为领导者的必要条件。第二种观点认为,业绩记录比宗教或种族更重要。学生的教育背景也会影响他们的观点。有宗教教育背景的学生往往更能接受差异。另一方面,具有普通教育背景的学生往往不容易接受差异。因此,可以得出结论,一个人越了解宗教,他/她就越能容忍差异。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Wirid Yasin terhadap Spiritualitas Kaum Ibu di Kecamatan Sawang Wirid Yasin对Sawang street母亲灵性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10358
Nazari Mahda, Fuad Ramly, Raina Wildan
The article is based on a research report (field research) which aims to examine the understanding, efforts and influence of wirid yasin practice on women's spiritual awareness in Sawang District, South Aceh Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach, data collected through documentation, observation, and interviews. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and supported by interpretation and triangulation of data. This study concludes that women in Sawang Subdistrict recognize wirid yasin as a tradition to improve the quality of their faith, religious knowledge, brotherhood and blessings. The revitalization of wirid yasin is carried out not only by establishing educational programs and teaching religious knowledge, but also by improving the quality of wirid yasin practice. This practice has succeeded in increasing spiritual awareness among women, in terms of increasing their piety, obedience to worship, muraqabah and gratitude to Allah in living their daily lives.
这篇文章是基于一份调查报告(实地调查),目的是考察在南亚齐省萨旺县,野雅辛实践对妇女精神意识的理解、努力和影响。本研究采用定性方法,通过文献、观察和访谈收集数据。数据分析以描述性方式进行,并以数据解释和三角测量为支持。这项研究得出的结论是,萨旺街道的妇女认识到,wirid yasin是一种传统,可以提高她们的信仰质量、宗教知识、兄弟情谊和祝福。野雅辛的复兴不仅要通过建立教育项目和传授宗教知识来实现,还要通过提高野雅辛修行的质量来实现。这种做法成功地提高了妇女的精神觉悟,在日常生活中增加了她们的虔诚、对崇拜的服从、对真主的感恩。
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引用次数: 0
Qadim dalam Perspektif Ilmu Falak: Studi Analisis Pemikiran Albert Einstein
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10355
M. Anzaikhan
The debate about the qadim of nature is one of the theological issues that has never been found in agreement among  Muslim Scholars. This understanding is based on the way of their thinking and the scientific frame developed among Muslim scholars. If the concept of qadim is related to the context of time, qadim means a reality that is considered to have existed before time. Based on that argument, the question arised  is whether that the time existed before nature or did that time occur due to the movement of the nature? This study uses a qualitative approach, while data obtained from the study of literature and some related documents. The data verification process is carried out by comparing the study of Kalam and Falaq. In the perspective of Kalam, qadim is understood by the scholars rationally (philosophy) while the scholar of Kalam acknowledged it scientifically. This research concludes that Kalam scholars consider time exists due to the movement of the universe, so that nature is considered to have existed before time. Therefore, Kalam scholar  regards the nature is qadim.
关于自然之卡迪姆的争论是穆斯林学者之间从未达成一致的神学问题之一。这种理解是基于他们的思维方式和穆斯林学者发展起来的科学框架。如果qadim的概念与时间背景有关,那么qadim意味着被认为在时间之前就存在的现实。基于这个论点,出现的问题是,时间是先于自然存在的,还是由于自然的运动而产生的?本研究采用定性研究方法,数据来源于文献和一些相关文献的研究。数据验证过程是通过比较Kalam和Falaq的研究进行的。在卡拉姆的观点中,学者们理性地(哲学地)理解卡迪姆,而卡拉姆学者则科学地承认卡迪姆。这项研究的结论是,卡拉姆学者认为时间是由于宇宙的运动而存在的,因此自然被认为是在时间之前存在的。因此,卡拉姆学者认为自然是卡迪姆。
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引用次数: 0
Argumen Adanya Tuhan: Wacana Historis dan Estetis 关于上帝的论点:历史和美学论述
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10354
Mira Fauziah
Historically, humans are creatures who need God. Due to the limitations of human reason to reach the existence of God, humans perceive God in various images and different forms. Humans have built the argument for the existence of God with a historical and aesthetic approach. History proves human recognition of the existence of God as the Absolute, who creates and maintains nature and its contents. To get closer to God, humans build places of worship of God and even create God who is worshiped in the form of works of art.
历史上,人类是需要上帝的生物。由于人类的理性在达到上帝的存在方面的局限性,人类以各种各样的形象和不同的形式感知上帝。人类用历史和美学的方法来论证上帝的存在。历史证明人类承认上帝是绝对存在的,上帝创造并维持自然及其内容。为了更接近上帝,人类建造了崇拜上帝的场所,甚至把被崇拜的上帝创造成艺术品。
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引用次数: 0
Tradisi Meurukon dalam Masyarakat Muara Batu Aceh Utara: Sebuah Kajian Sosial Budaya dan Pesan Teologi
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10352
Lukman Hakim, Nella Fitria, Musdawati Musdawati
Meurukon is a religious tradition that still exists and develops in Acehnese society. This tradition is used as a means of religious education for teenagers in Aceh. This meurukon tradition includes: theology, Islamic law and Sufism. This article examines theological values in the meurukon tradition that is practiced in the Muara Batu community, North Aceh. Data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. This study concludes, First, the Merukon tradition is described as a religious tradition that is manifested in poetry or nazam which is carried out in groups and led by a chief (shaikh). This activity is carried out in a dialogical way (sue-eu, jaweub) in which the chairperson questions a certain problem, which is then answered together by group members. Second, the main material contained in this meurukon tradition is a matter of faith or theology. The discussion related to this theology covers several aspects, such as about the nature of Allah and the messengers, both obligatory, impossible and jaiz, as well as about angels, books and the afterlife. This tradition is known as a cultural heritage that contains educational values in the Tauhid education among the Acehnese people.
Meurukon是一种宗教传统,在亚齐社会中仍然存在和发展。这个传统被用来作为亚齐青少年宗教教育的一种手段。这一默鲁康传统包括:神学、伊斯兰教法和苏菲主义。这篇文章探讨了在北亚齐Muara Batu社区实践的meurukon传统中的神学价值。通过观察、深入访谈和记录获得的数据。所得资料采用描述性分析方法进行分析。这项研究的结论是,首先,Merukon传统被描述为一种宗教传统,表现在诗歌或nazam中,由酋长(shaikh)领导,以团体形式进行。这个活动以对话的方式进行(sue-eu, jaweub),主席提出一个问题,然后由小组成员一起回答。其次,默鲁康传统中包含的主要材料是信仰或神学。与此神学相关的讨论涵盖了几个方面,例如关于安拉和使者的本质,包括义务,不可能和jaiz,以及关于天使,书籍和来世。这一传统被认为是一种文化遗产,在亚齐人的Tauhid教育中包含了教育价值。
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引用次数: 1
Hamzah Fanshuri tentang Konsep Wujud
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10356
D. Damanhuri
The purpose of this research is to explain about Sufism formulated by Sheikh Hamzah Fanshuri. He is quite famous in the 16th century AD Although the concept of Sufism Hamzah Fansuri already very old, but until now, this teaching is still studied in Aceh and in several other regions in Indonesia. Among the concepts of Hamzah Fansuri's Sufism that are still studied by many people is about the concept of existence. In the opinion of Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri, the essence of existence is one, namely the existence of God. Apart from the existence of God everything is not a real existence, but a reflection of the real existence. While this form is a relationship beamong matter, nature, asthma and af'al Allah. Regarding the existence of human beings, Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri  explained that human beings are the lowest form, even so,  they still have the opportunity to rise to a higher dignity.
本研究的目的是解释由Sheikh Hamzah Fanshuri提出的苏菲主义。他在公元16世纪非常有名,虽然苏非主义Hamzah Fansuri的概念已经很古老了,但直到现在,这种教学仍在亚齐和印度尼西亚的其他几个地区进行研究。在Hamzah Fansuri的苏非主义中,仍有许多人在研究的概念是关于存在的概念。在Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri看来,存在的本质是一个,即上帝的存在。离开了上帝的存在,一切都不是真实的存在,而是真实存在的反映。而这种形式是物质、自然、哮喘和真主之间的关系。关于人类的存在,Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri解释说,人类是最低级的形式,即使如此,他们仍然有机会上升到更高的尊严。
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引用次数: 2
Muraqabah dalam Perspektif Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Al-Khalidiyah Al-Kurdiyah
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10353
Faisal Muhammad Nur
This article describes the concept of muraqabah as a method to get closer to Allah SWT. This method is implemented by every follower of the sect of al-naqsyabandiyah al-mujaddidiyah al-khalidiyah al-kurdiyah at all times. the data in this study were collected through a literature review. This study concludes that the concept of muraqabah will create awareness in performing worship to God. However, in this concept, the results obtained depend on a person's personality in performing dhikr and the feeling that they are always under the supervision of Allah SWT. Therefore, the level obtained will differ from one person to another based on their experience and their meaning of dhikr in their daily lives 
本文描述了muraqabah的概念,作为一种接近真主SWT的方法。al-naqsyabandiyah al-mujaddidiyah al- khaldiyah al-kurdiyah教派的每一个追随者在任何时候都采用这种方法。本研究的资料是通过文献综述的方式收集的。本研究的结论是,muraqabah的概念会在敬拜真主时创造意识。然而,在这个概念中,获得的结果取决于一个人在执行dhikr时的个性以及他们始终处于安拉SWT监督下的感觉。因此,根据每个人的经验和日常生活中dhikr的含义,所获得的水平会因人而异
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引用次数: 0
Mengenal Konsep Tawakal Ibnu ‘Athaillah Al-Sakandari
Pub Date : 2021-07-24 DOI: 10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10357
Z. Zulfian, Happy Saputra
Tawaqal is one of the forms of submission of a servant to God (Allah). However, this kind of submission does not mean the absent of doing something, rather then doing something sincerely with only the hope of Allah's pleasure. This article aims to discuss the concept of submission of Ibn ‘Athaillah al-Sakandari. This study uses a qualitative method aimed at  exploring the concept of Ibn ‘Athaillah al-Sakandari’s thought about tawaqqal. This study concludes that tawaqal can be achieved by focusing on the effort to enslave oneself to God as the obligations for every servant,so that Tawaqqal  is regarded  as a great state  including  physical and inner aspects of every human being. There is no reason for every one to exalt himself and look down on other servants, because the highest quality is only found in one existance, namely Allah SWT. Therefore, anyone who claims to be a servant of Allah, must surrender theirselves to Allah in all their condition. In cluding in their livelihood and other activities
Tawaqal是仆人向真主(安拉)臣服的一种形式。然而,这种服从并不意味着不做某事,而是真诚地做某事,只希望真主的喜悦。本文旨在探讨伊本·阿塔伊拉·萨坎达里的臣服概念。本研究采用定性方法,旨在探讨伊本·阿塔伊拉·萨坎达里关于塔瓦卡尔思想的概念。本研究的结论是,tawaqal可以通过专注于将自己奴役于上帝作为每个仆人的义务来实现,因此tawaqal被视为一个包括每个人的身体和内心方面的伟大状态。每个人都没有理由抬高自己而轻视其他仆人,因为最高的品质只存在于一个人身上,那就是安拉。因此,任何声称自己是真主的仆人的人,必须在他们的一切情况下向真主投降。包括他们的生计和其他活动
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引用次数: 2
POLYGAMY IN INDONESIA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW PHILOSOPHY 从伊斯兰法哲学的角度看印尼一夫多妻制及其与保护妇女和儿童的关系
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.32332/akademika.v26i1.2406
Dri Santoso, M. Nasrudin
This article discusses the regulation of polygamy in Law No. 1 of 1974 and its derivative rules, as well as the Compilation of Islamic Law with an analysis of Islamic legal philosophy/maqashid al-shari’ah. This research is based on the legitimacy of polygamy as stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, article 3, paragraph 2. Polygamy also has rules that require the husband to obtain formal permission from the wife through a court process. Why do the Marriage Regulations regulate this? This research is based on a qualitative descriptive literature review. The method of analysis employed was content analysis, which involved creating an inventory of Indonesian family law norms and analyzing them using the maqashid al-shari’ah theory. This study finds that the regulation of polygamy in Indonesia is carried out to protect women's rights and children's rights. Furthermore, the rule aims to build a happy, peaceful, and prosperous family in the long run (sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah). This is in accordance with maqashid al-shari’ah, particularly in terms of soul preservation and descendent preservation.
本文讨论了1974年第1号法律及其衍生规则中对一夫多妻制的规定,以及《伊斯兰法汇编》,并分析了伊斯兰法律哲学。这项研究基于1974年关于婚姻的第1号法律第3条第2款所述一夫多妻制的合法性。一夫多妻制也有规定,要求丈夫通过法庭程序获得妻子的正式许可。为什么《婚姻条例》要对此作出规定?本研究基于定性描述性文献综述。所采用的分析方法是内容分析,包括建立印度尼西亚家庭法规范清单,并使用伊斯兰教法理论对其进行分析。这项研究发现,印度尼西亚对一夫多妻制的监管是为了保护妇女和儿童的权利。此外,该规则旨在从长远来看建立一个幸福、和平、繁荣的家庭(萨基纳、马瓦达、瓦拉赫马)。这符合伊斯兰教法,特别是在灵魂保护和后代保护方面。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Akademika Jurnal Pemikiran Islam
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