The purpose of developing this module is to determine the validity and effectiveness of the module implemented in class IV. This research and development refers to the Borg & Gall model. This learning module goes through a validation process, namely validation by material experts, linguists and design experts. From the results of the last validation, the scores were obtained from material experts 90.5%, linguists 76% and design experts 78.3%. The scores obtained from the teacher and student response questionnaires were 96.6% each. 82.5% and 96.45%. The average value of the small group product trial was 72 and in the large group product trial was 93.5, achieved 100% completeness. Based on the analysis of the data from the results of the data research, it can be concluded that the PPKn learning module based on Blended Learning on ethnic and cultural diversity material is stated to be valid and effective in use.
{"title":"Development of PPKN based learning modules blended learning on material diversity ethnic group nation and culture","authors":"Moh. Farid Nurul Anwar, Wahyu Widodo, Kardiana Metha Rozhana, Veneranda Dian Lestari","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7849","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of developing this module is to determine the validity and effectiveness of the module implemented in class IV. This research and development refers to the Borg & Gall model. This learning module goes through a validation process, namely validation by material experts, linguists and design experts. From the results of the last validation, the scores were obtained from material experts 90.5%, linguists 76% and design experts 78.3%. The scores obtained from the teacher and student response questionnaires were 96.6% each. 82.5% and 96.45%. The average value of the small group product trial was 72 and in the large group product trial was 93.5, achieved 100% completeness. Based on the analysis of the data from the results of the data research, it can be concluded that the PPKn learning module based on Blended Learning on ethnic and cultural diversity material is stated to be valid and effective in use.","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45541248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathematical connection skill needs to be mastered. This study aims to determine: 1) implementing a realistic approach to enhance mathematical connection skills using concrete objects as media and 2) improving the mathematical connection skill by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education approach using concrete objects as media in fifth-grade elementary school students. The research subjects consisted of 17 students. The method of this study is Classroom Action Research. The data collection method is by tests, using mathematical connection questions as the instrument. The research results show that in Cycle I, eleven students (64.7%) passed the minimum score, while six students (35.3%) did not, with a classical average of 73.83. In Cycle II, 14 students (82.35%) passed, and three (17.65%) did not, with a classical average of 82.65. These findings indicate that applying the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach with concrete objects as media can improve the mathematical.
{"title":"The implementation of RME approach using concrete objects media to improve the mathematical connection skill of fifth-grade elementary school students","authors":"H. E. Rudyanto, Destia Destia","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8910","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical connection skill needs to be mastered. This study aims to determine: 1) implementing a realistic approach to enhance mathematical connection skills using concrete objects as media and 2) improving the mathematical connection skill by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education approach using concrete objects as media in fifth-grade elementary school students. The research subjects consisted of 17 students. The method of this study is Classroom Action Research. The data collection method is by tests, using mathematical connection questions as the instrument. The research results show that in Cycle I, eleven students (64.7%) passed the minimum score, while six students (35.3%) did not, with a classical average of 73.83. In Cycle II, 14 students (82.35%) passed, and three (17.65%) did not, with a classical average of 82.65. These findings indicate that applying the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach with concrete objects as media can improve the mathematical.","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Education in the post-covid-19 pandemic takes place in a hybrid manner. Offline and online learning methods using certain platforms such as zoom meeting and google classroom. The problems that arise in online learning such as students' boredom in learning, this is because the methods and media in online learning are still not varied. This study aims to analyze the creativity of teachers in making learning video media for class IV SD in the post-covid-19 pandemic. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used interviews with principals and teachers, and observation. The subject in this study was the online learning video media applied by the teacher. The object in this study is the teacher's creativity in making video based learning. The results of this study, teachers can be said to be creative because they can create video-based learning media, so that students are active in participating in learning.
{"title":"Teacher's creativity in making video based learning in post pandemi covid-19","authors":"Meirza Nanda Faradita, Kunti Dian Ayu Afiani, Ade Firmannandya","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7754","url":null,"abstract":"Education in the post-covid-19 pandemic takes place in a hybrid manner. Offline and online learning methods using certain platforms such as zoom meeting and google classroom. The problems that arise in online learning such as students' boredom in learning, this is because the methods and media in online learning are still not varied. This study aims to analyze the creativity of teachers in making learning video media for class IV SD in the post-covid-19 pandemic. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used interviews with principals and teachers, and observation. The subject in this study was the online learning video media applied by the teacher. The object in this study is the teacher's creativity in making video based learning. The results of this study, teachers can be said to be creative because they can create video-based learning media, so that students are active in participating in learning.","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The educational process carried out must run optimally, therefore the teacher has an important role in developing and designing a lesson in order to provide a maximum learning experience for students. Innovative teacher competencies must be owned by today's teachers. This study aims to see and assess the competence of innovative teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang. The sample in this study was 15 teachers who taught at SMPN 10 Singkawang by filling out an innovative teacher competency questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 4 indicators, namely observing, asking questions, networking ideas, and experimenting. Innovative competency assessments are very helpful in providing an overview of the qualities possessed by teachers so that improvements can be made for the better. The quality of teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang is clearly reflected in the results of the study, teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang have innovative teacher competencies with good criteria. (Average: 73.03).
{"title":"Competency of innovative thinking of case study teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang","authors":"N. Noni, I. Astuti, Afandi Afandi","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8140","url":null,"abstract":"The educational process carried out must run optimally, therefore the teacher has an important role in developing and designing a lesson in order to provide a maximum learning experience for students. Innovative teacher competencies must be owned by today's teachers. This study aims to see and assess the competence of innovative teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang. The sample in this study was 15 teachers who taught at SMPN 10 Singkawang by filling out an innovative teacher competency questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 4 indicators, namely observing, asking questions, networking ideas, and experimenting. Innovative competency assessments are very helpful in providing an overview of the qualities possessed by teachers so that improvements can be made for the better. The quality of teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang is clearly reflected in the results of the study, teachers at SMPN 10 Singkawang have innovative teacher competencies with good criteria. (Average: 73.03).","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45194342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Hermiyati, H. Usman, Nurafiah Rizkiyani, Lilik Fitriani
The demands of a teacher in this modern era in educating the nation's generation must be able to master IT to support effective learning activities. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, preliminary studies, observation, questionnaire collection, and documentation. This development research has gone through the validation stage with the acquisition of an average score of 96.36% from media experts with the criteria of "Very Eligible", material experts of 95% "very feasible", and linguists of 94.54% "very feasible" . In the limited trial the results were obtained, namely, for students at SDN Cikahuripan 01 the percentage of the questionnaire was 88% "very good" and SD Bojong Nangka 02 the percentage of the questionnaire was 90% with the "very good category". So that the comic page creator media based on TANDUR learning can be declared feasible to be tested on students.
{"title":"Development of comic page creator media based on Tumbuhkan, Alami, Namai, Demonstrasikan, Ulangi, Rayakan (TANDUR) learning for elementary school students","authors":"Nurul Hermiyati, H. Usman, Nurafiah Rizkiyani, Lilik Fitriani","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8175","url":null,"abstract":"The demands of a teacher in this modern era in educating the nation's generation must be able to master IT to support effective learning activities. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, preliminary studies, observation, questionnaire collection, and documentation. This development research has gone through the validation stage with the acquisition of an average score of 96.36% from media experts with the criteria of \"Very Eligible\", material experts of 95% \"very feasible\", and linguists of 94.54% \"very feasible\" . In the limited trial the results were obtained, namely, for students at SDN Cikahuripan 01 the percentage of the questionnaire was 88% \"very good\" and SD Bojong Nangka 02 the percentage of the questionnaire was 90% with the \"very good category\". So that the comic page creator media based on TANDUR learning can be declared feasible to be tested on students.","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to produce and determine the feasibility, practicality, and legibility of reading literacy-based textbooks using the type of research and development of the 4D model. The research instruments were arranged based on the level of research needs, namely material expert validation, product validation, and linguist validation. The results of the product feasibility assessment by validation experts obtained 95.8% media validation, 95% material validation, and 91.96% language validation. The product readability rating obtained 89.83%, supported by 90.75% language literacy story questions and 89% character-based language story test results. The findings of this study indicate that reading literacy-based textbooks can attract students' attention and are interactive, the presentation of the content supported by pictures and various color compositions can attract reading interest and stimulate critical thinking skills. So as to help students have the literacy skills needed at this time.
{"title":"Literacy-based tex books to improve the character and language competence of elementary students","authors":"D. A. Setiawan, F. Kumala, Tamella Tamella","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8836","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to produce and determine the feasibility, practicality, and legibility of reading literacy-based textbooks using the type of research and development of the 4D model. The research instruments were arranged based on the level of research needs, namely material expert validation, product validation, and linguist validation. The results of the product feasibility assessment by validation experts obtained 95.8% media validation, 95% material validation, and 91.96% language validation. The product readability rating obtained 89.83%, supported by 90.75% language literacy story questions and 89% character-based language story test results. The findings of this study indicate that reading literacy-based textbooks can attract students' attention and are interactive, the presentation of the content supported by pictures and various color compositions can attract reading interest and stimulate critical thinking skills. So as to help students have the literacy skills needed at this time.","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aji, H. Y. Pratiwi, A. Hakim, M. Hudha, Nada Damai Azka
This research is motivated by one of the goals of the SDGs, namely realizing quality learning and handling environmental change. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and practicality of evaluating digital learning in realizing the SDGs for elementary school students. This research is a development research with the ADDIE model (Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The test subjects in this study were class VI students at SDN 02 Putatkidul Gondanglegi. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques use quantitative data. Digital Study Evaluation created using the Kahoot! based on the results of the material validation, a score of 93.75% was obtained in the very feasible category, the results of the language validation were 95% (very feasible), the results of the teacher's practicality validation were 88.8% (very practical) , the students' practicality results were 94% (very practical)
这项研究的动机是SDGs的目标之一，即实现优质学习和应对环境变化。本研究的目的是确定评估数字学习在实现小学生可持续发展目标中的可行性和实用性。本研究采用ADDIE模型(Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation)进行开发研究。本研究的测试对象为Putatkidul Gondanglegi SDN 02的六年级学生。数据收集工具采用问卷调查。数据分析技术使用定量数据。数字化学习评估使用Kahoot!根据材料验证的结果，非常可行类别的得分为93.75%，语言验证的结果为95%(非常可行)，教师实用性验证的结果为88.8%(非常实用)，学生实用性验证的结果为94%(非常实用)。
{"title":"Development of digital learning evaluation In realizing Suistainable Development Goals (SDGs)","authors":"S. Aji, H. Y. Pratiwi, A. Hakim, M. Hudha, Nada Damai Azka","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7995","url":null,"abstract":"This research is motivated by one of the goals of the SDGs, namely realizing quality learning and handling environmental change. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and practicality of evaluating digital learning in realizing the SDGs for elementary school students. This research is a development research with the ADDIE model (Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The test subjects in this study were class VI students at SDN 02 Putatkidul Gondanglegi. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques use quantitative data. Digital Study Evaluation created using the Kahoot! based on the results of the material validation, a score of 93.75% was obtained in the very feasible category, the results of the language validation were 95% (very feasible), the results of the teacher's practicality validation were 88.8% (very practical) , the students' practicality results were 94% (very practical)","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42586667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The researcher aims to develop the E-Module and see the practicality of using the E-Module. The method used in this research is research and development. The development model in this development research uses a 4-D model by following the steps: Define, Design, Development and Disseminate. Apart from that, there are also observations and interviews to see how far the practicality of learning using this E-Module is. E-Modules can increase students' interest in receiving elementary social studies learning. The developed E-Module has been tested by several experts and is valid in use and use so that it can be seen that this E-Module is very well used for learning. This e-module is also a practical medium in learning and can be used in any situation regardless of distance and time and can assist in the online social studies learning process for PGSD students.
{"title":"Analysis of social science e-modules on the practicality of Learning PGSD students","authors":"P. Sulistyowati, Y. Yulianti","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8196","url":null,"abstract":"The researcher aims to develop the E-Module and see the practicality of using the E-Module. The method used in this research is research and development. The development model in this development research uses a 4-D model by following the steps: Define, Design, Development and Disseminate. Apart from that, there are also observations and interviews to see how far the practicality of learning using this E-Module is. E-Modules can increase students' interest in receiving elementary social studies learning. The developed E-Module has been tested by several experts and is valid in use and use so that it can be seen that this E-Module is very well used for learning. This e-module is also a practical medium in learning and can be used in any situation regardless of distance and time and can assist in the online social studies learning process for PGSD students.","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44270933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Educational planning is adjusted by considering the suitability of the education system in schools so that students are ready to enter the world of work with the skills needed so that they can be useful in the future. The aim of this research is to find out students' 21st-century skills. The method that the researchers used in this study were a quantitative descriptive research method, with indirect communication techniques, with a data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaires distributed amounted to 41 items and were analyzed using a Likert scale. The questions and sample of this research were 71 respondents who were class XII students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian. The results of this study showed a score of 80.34 so which could illustrate that the students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian had 21st-century skills in a good category
教育规划是通过考虑学校教育系统的适合性来调整的，这样学生就可以带着所需的技能进入工作世界，从而在未来发挥作用。这项研究的目的是了解学生在21世纪的技能。研究人员在本研究中使用的方法是一种定量描述性研究方法，采用间接沟通技术，并采用问卷形式的数据收集工具。分发的问卷共有41项，并使用Likert量表进行分析。本研究的问题和样本是71名受访者，他们是SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian的十二班学生。本研究的结果显示得分为80.34，这可以说明SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian的学生在21世纪的技能中处于一个良好的类别
{"title":"Exploration of 21st century skills in students SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian","authors":"Nurfitrianti Sri, I. Astuti, Afandi Afandi","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.8149","url":null,"abstract":"Educational planning is adjusted by considering the suitability of the education system in schools so that students are ready to enter the world of work with the skills needed so that they can be useful in the future. The aim of this research is to find out students' 21st-century skills. The method that the researchers used in this study were a quantitative descriptive research method, with indirect communication techniques, with a data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaires distributed amounted to 41 items and were analyzed using a Likert scale. The questions and sample of this research were 71 respondents who were class XII students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian. The results of this study showed a score of 80.34 so which could illustrate that the students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian had 21st-century skills in a good category","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are several abilities that can accommodate students in facing the 21st century, one of which is the ability to think creatively, but based on educational report cards, students' ability to think creatively is low. This study aims to describe a learning model that can stimulate the emergence of creative thinking abilities of elementary school students through the literature study method. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the researchers concluded that increasing the ability to think creatively can be pursued through three types of learning models, including (1) problem-based learning models, (2) discovery-based learning models, and (3) project-based learning models. These learning models include problem-solving, problem-posing, problem-based learning, guided inquiry learning, discovery learning, and project-based learning. This learning model was chosen because it has been proven by many researchers and has syntactic relations and indicators of creative thinking ability
{"title":"Learning models that can improve elementary school students' creative thinking ability","authors":"Febriarsita Eka Sasmita, Rendra Sakbana Kusuma","doi":"10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v7i1.7912","url":null,"abstract":"There are several abilities that can accommodate students in facing the 21st century, one of which is the ability to think creatively, but based on educational report cards, students' ability to think creatively is low. This study aims to describe a learning model that can stimulate the emergence of creative thinking abilities of elementary school students through the literature study method. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the researchers concluded that increasing the ability to think creatively can be pursued through three types of learning models, including (1) problem-based learning models, (2) discovery-based learning models, and (3) project-based learning models. These learning models include problem-solving, problem-posing, problem-based learning, guided inquiry learning, discovery learning, and project-based learning. This learning model was chosen because it has been proven by many researchers and has syntactic relations and indicators of creative thinking ability","PeriodicalId":32382,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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