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School Dictionary of the Slovenian Language on the Franček Web Portal 学校字典的斯洛文尼亚语在fran<s:1> ek网站门户
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(2).100
Špela Petric Žižić
This article presents the concept of the School Dictionary of the Slovenian Language (ŠSSJ), which is being made as part of the project Spletni portal Franček, Jezikovna svetovalnica za učitelje slovenščine in Šolski slovar slovenskega jezika (Franček Web Portal, Language Counselling for Slovenian Teachers and School Dictionary of the Slovenian Language). The School Dictionary of the Slovenian Language, which is a part of The Franček portal, the first specialized educational lexicographic-grammatic portal for Slovenian, brings a lexicographically informed, simplified display of information adapted to the abilities and knowledge of its youngest users. This article describes in greater detail the typology of explanations of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, which also includes explanations of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs’ phraseological and non-phraseological multi-word lexemes, the source for dictionary materials (together with the principles of including dictionary entries), the dictionary labels and grammatical information. Individual adjustments and simplifications are partly shown through comparison with the Dictionary of the Slovenian Standard Language (SSKJ).
本文介绍了斯洛文尼亚语学校词典(ŠSSJ)的概念,这是Spletni门户网站fran ek, Jezikovna svetovalnica za u itelje slovenščine项目的一部分,Šolski slovar slovenskega jezika (fran ek门户网站,斯洛文尼亚语教师语言咨询和斯洛文尼亚语学校词典)。斯洛文尼亚语学校词典是fran门户网站的一部分,该门户网站是斯洛文尼亚语第一个专门的教育词典-语法门户网站,它为最年轻的用户提供了一个词典编纂的信息,简化了信息的显示,以适应其能力和知识。本文更详细地描述了名词、动词、形容词和副词的解释类型,其中还包括名词、动词、形容词和副词的短语和非短语多词词汇的解释、词典材料的来源(以及包括词典条目的原则)、词典标签和语法信息。个别的调整和简化部分通过与斯洛文尼亚标准语言词典(SSKJ)的比较显示。
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引用次数: 0
Microtoponymy in the Interlingual Space: Names of Vilnius Intracity Objects 语际空间中的微观地名学:维尔纽斯市内物体的名称
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(2).97
Birutė Sinočkina
The article is devoted to the names of intracity topographical objects of the Lithuanian capital and their foreign language transmission. The subject of consideration are the official urbanonyms, used both to fix a specific place in the urban area, and performing a historical and educational function. Particular attention is paid to Lithuanian urbanonyms, the transfer of which into other languages ​​is associated with difficulties and is devoid of unambiguity. The specific speech material analyzed in the article includes Vilnius microtoponyms that have appeared or become relevant in recent times. The article outlines certain features of the practical Lithuanian−Russian transcription and contains recommendations for its application. Attention is also paid to the grammatical form of Russian words dating back to Lithuanian toponyms, as well as the specifics of syntactic constructions with these words. The choice of the method of transferring the original toponym in a foreign language in all cases is determined by the aim of maintaining a balance between the authenticity of the name, proximity to the Lithuanian original and the understandability of the name for a foreign user. The article is intended to contribute to streamlining the Lithuanian toponyms used in Lithuania and abroad in Russian transmission and is intended primarily for journalists, translators, editors who specialize in local topics and for guides.
这篇文章专门介绍了立陶宛首都市内地形物体的名称及其外语传播。考虑的主题是官方的城市地名,既用于固定城市地区的特定地点,也用于履行历史和教育功能。立陶宛语的城市同义词尤其受到关注,这些词会被转移到其他语言中​​与困难联系在一起,缺乏明确性。文章中分析的具体演讲材料包括最近出现或变得相关的维尔纽斯微地名。本文概述了实用立陶宛语-俄语转写的某些特点,并对其应用提出了建议。还注意到可追溯到立陶宛地名的俄语单词的语法形式,以及这些单词的句法结构的细节。在所有情况下,选择用外语转换原始地名的方法是为了在名称的真实性、与立陶宛原始地名的接近性和外国用户对名称的理解性之间保持平衡。这篇文章旨在帮助简化立陶宛境内外俄语传播中使用的立陶宛地名,主要面向记者、翻译人员、专门从事当地主题的编辑和导游。
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引用次数: 0
Features of Slavization of Oikonіms in the Peripheral Lithuanian Dialect 立陶宛外围方言中oikon<e:1>词的奴隶化特征
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(2).95
N. Tuomienė
The article aims to analyze the peculiarities of the Slavization of place names – oikonyms – of the Voronovo district (Belarus) based on names of places of residence collected from the living language of the inhabitants. The aim of the study is to determine what possible ways of Slavization of oikonyms are characteristic of this continuation of the Southern Aukštaitian dialect outside the Republic of Lithuania. The study takes into account the sociolinguistic situation of the region, which influenced the formation of toponyms of the research area. Since the 20th century, the ethnic and linguistic situation in the vicinity of the Voronovo district changed dramatically. From the bilingualism of Lithuanian and Belarusian, there was a transition to exclusively Slavic languages: Belarusian, Polish, and Russian. The characteristics of the Slavization of the oikonym were influenced by the different rates of Slavization in the surrounding areas.Oikonyms are translated into another language in two ways – by translation and word-of-mouth. Therecorded examples of translation show that when translating Lithuanian oikonyms into the local Belarusianpoprostu dialect, the same gender and number are kept. Interpretive rendition is considered the main method of Slavization of oikonyms, which can be based only on morphological equivalents: prefixes, suffixes, and endings. A prefixed way of rendering oikonyms is not productive. Suffixing is the most complex form of morphological adaptation. The following rule is consistently followed: the vowels of the Lithuanian suffix acquire a phonetically well-chosen counterpart in the Belarusian suffix, but other elements of the suffix are already combined according to morphological, not phonetic, criteria. The limb rendering group is the largest. This method is the closest to phonetic rendering.
本文旨在根据从居民的生活语言中收集的居住地名称,分析Voronovo区(白俄罗斯)地名(oikonyms)斯拉夫化的特点。这项研究的目的是确定在立陶宛共和国之外延续南奥什泰语方言的特点是什么可能的奥伊孔语斯拉夫化方式。该研究考虑了该地区的社会语言学状况,这影响了研究区域地名的形成。自20世纪以来,沃罗诺沃地区附近的种族和语言状况发生了巨大变化。从立陶宛语和白俄罗斯语的双语,过渡到纯斯拉夫语:白俄罗斯语、波兰语和俄语。奥伊科尼姆人的斯拉夫化特征受到周围地区不同斯拉夫化率的影响。Oikonyms以两种方式被翻译成另一种语言——通过翻译和口碑。有记录的翻译实例表明,将立陶宛语的oikonyms翻译成当地白俄罗斯语的apopostu方言时,保持相同的性别和数量。解释性翻译被认为是同义词斯拉夫化的主要方法,它只能基于词形等价物:前缀、后缀和词尾。以前缀的方式呈现oikonyms是无效的。后缀是词形适应中最复杂的形式。始终遵循以下规则:立陶宛后缀的元音在白俄罗斯后缀中获得了一个发音良好的对应词,但后缀的其他元素已经根据形态而非语音标准进行了组合。肢体渲染组是最大的。这种方法最接近于语音渲染。
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引用次数: 0
The Contemporary Russian Patriotic Song as a Phenomenon of a Post-Traumatic Society’s Condition 当代俄罗斯爱国歌曲作为一种创伤后社会状态的现象
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(2).99
E. Lassan
The author has addressed both Soviet and post-Soviet song discourse a number of times already, as it is in the song discourse that one can discern the reflection of the ideological attitudes on the one hand and a certain indicator of how the spirit of the times changes on the other. The 2000s increased the impact channels of the song genre by adding the visual channel to the ones already existing; that is, a truly popular song is disseminated in clips. There appeared a new kind of a “civil” song in the Russian song space. It explicitly coincides with the propagandist trends, either the ones being created or the ones that have already been set. This song discourse is full of ressentiment motives that have rallied the present-day Russian authorities and a certain part of the population. Their aggressively advancing potential is related to the traumatic condition of the society experiencing a particular shock caused by the feeling of the loss of the erstwhile grandeur of the country. The author deals with the functions of such a propagandistic song that can be characterized as an additional propagandistic narrative on the examples of Gazmanov’s and Bichevskaya’s songs.
作者已经多次谈到苏联和后苏联的歌曲话语,因为在歌曲话语中,人们一方面可以看到意识形态态度的反映,另一方面也可以看到时代精神如何变化的某种指标。2000年代增加了歌曲流派的影响力渠道,在现有渠道的基础上增加了视觉渠道;也就是说,一首真正流行的歌曲是通过剪辑传播的。俄罗斯歌曲空间出现了一种新的“民间”歌曲。它明确地与宣传者的趋势相吻合,要么是正在创造的趋势,要么是已经设定的趋势。这首歌的话语充满了压迫的动机,这些动机团结了当今的俄罗斯当局和部分民众。他们积极发展的潜力与社会的创伤状况有关,社会正经历着一种特殊的冲击,这种冲击是由国家失去昔日辉煌的感觉引起的。作者以加兹马诺夫和比切夫斯卡娅的歌曲为例,探讨了这种宣传歌曲的功能,这种宣传歌曲可以被描述为一种额外的宣传叙事。
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引用次数: 0
Onomatopoeic Words in Slovak: Everyday Use and Stylistic Function 斯洛伐克语的拟声词:日常使用与文体功能
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(2).96
R. Gregová
Onomatopoeias — words that echo sounds from the extra-linguistic reality — are usually understood as units representing direct relationship between form and meaning. Lexical onomatopoeias are part of a language system and their meaning can be found in dictionaries. It is assumed that onomatopoeias are crucial in communication by and to infants and are also considered important stylistic devices in poetry. However, they seem to be only marginal in adults’ speech. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the understanding of Slovak onomatopoeias in everyday communication as well as of the stylistic dimension of these expressions in poetry. First, attention was paid to the comprehension of sound-imitating words in context by the sample of 30 native Slovak language speakers. Then, a sample of ten Slovak poems, well-known due to their usage of various sound-symbolic elements (onomatopoeias included) as stylistic devices, was examined to verify the supposed stylistic dimension of onomatopoeias in poetry. The results indicate that the understanding of the real meaning of lexical onomatopoeias depends on the specifics of the context and that onomatopoeias play a less important role in poetry than expected.
拟声词——从语言之外的现实中发出回声的词——通常被理解为代表形式和意义之间直接关系的单位。词汇拟声词是语言系统的一部分,它们的含义可以在词典中找到。人们认为拟声词在婴儿和婴儿之间的交流中起着至关重要的作用,也被认为是诗歌中重要的文体手段。然而,它们在成年人的语言中似乎只是边缘。本文介绍了日常交际中对斯洛伐克拟声词的理解以及诗歌中这些表达的风格维度的分析结果。首先,对30名母语为斯洛伐克语的人在语境中对仿音词的理解进行了研究。然后,对十首斯洛伐克诗歌的样本进行了检查,以验证诗歌中拟声词的假定风格维度,这些诗歌因使用各种声音符号元素(包括拟声词)作为风格手段而闻名。结果表明,词汇拟声词的真正意义的理解取决于上下文的具体情况,拟声词在诗歌中的作用不如预期的重要。
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引用次数: 0
Jerzy Bartmiński (1939 09 19 — 2022 02 07)
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(1).89
Kristina Rutkovska, Jūratė Pajėdienė
2022 02 07 one of the most famous linguists in the world, founder of Polish cognitive ethnolinguistics, Slavist, semanticist, axiologist and textologist Jerzy Bartmińskis, author of 12 books and more than 900 articles, editor-in-chief of the journal "Etnolingwistyka", author of the dictionary Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych, editor of the axiological dictionary Leksykon aksjologiczny Słowian i ich sąsiadów. He actively collaborated with Lithuanian scientists who use the methods proposed by him to study the linguistic picture of the world.
2022 02 07世界上最著名的语言学家之一,波兰认知民族语言学的创始人,斯拉夫主义者,语意学家,价值论家和文本学家Jerzy Bartmińskis,著有12本书和900多篇文章,《Etnolingwistyka》杂志主编,词典Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych的作者,价值论词典Leksykon aksjologiczny Słowian i ich sąsiadów的编辑。他积极地与立陶宛科学家合作,他们使用他提出的方法来研究世界的语言图景。
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引用次数: 0
An 18th Century Ukrainian Parallel to the Baltic Myth of Sovius 18世纪的乌克兰与波罗的海的苏联神话的平行
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(1).83
Kostyantyn Rakhno
The article is devoted to the story of Sovius, which is contained in the Western Ruthenian translation of the 13th century Chronograph by John Malalas. This text of 1261 reflects the Baltic mythological tradition and has long been the subject of academic study. The mythological character Sovius is described as the guide of the dead on the path to Hell. After a series of experiments on himself, he introduces the custom of burning bodies and making sacrifices to the pagan gods. Comparative studies reveal the idea of him as being the first to die, opening the way to the afterlife for the next generation of people and becoming the ruler of this underworld. Apparently the worship of the Baltic deities arose from Sovius’ stories to his son about the experience of dying. He is the common ancestor of the Lithuanians, Yatvyags and Prussians, who practice cremation of the dead. After relating the tale of Sovius, the chronographer condemns the pagan beliefs and customs of the Lithuanian neighbours. Certain elements of this myth have been preserved in the interlude within the Easter drama of the Ukrainian cultural figure and educational writer, the priest-monk Mytrofan Dovgalevsky. However, this Ukrainian text describes a Belarusian. The father dies, his sons resurrect him and in a comical style the father tells his sons what he had to go through in that underworld. This story reflects the popular, semi-pagan perception of Christian images, which according to Dovgalevsky enhances the comic effect.
这篇文章专门讲述了苏维乌斯的故事,它包含在约翰·马拉拉斯(John Malalas) 13世纪编年表的西鲁塞尼亚译本中。1261年的这篇文章反映了波罗的海的神话传统,长期以来一直是学术研究的主题。神话人物苏维乌斯被描述为死者通往地狱之路的向导。在对自己进行了一系列实验之后,他介绍了焚烧尸体并向异教神灵献祭的习俗。比较研究表明,他是第一个死去的人,为下一代人开辟了通往来世的道路,成为这个地下世界的统治者。显然,对波罗的海诸神的崇拜源于苏维乌斯给儿子讲的关于死亡经历的故事。他是将死者火化的立陶宛人、亚特维格人和普鲁士人的共同祖先。在讲述了苏维乌斯的故事之后,编年史家谴责了立陶宛邻居的异教信仰和习俗。这个神话的某些元素在乌克兰文化人物和教育作家米特罗凡·多夫加列夫斯基(Mytrofan Dovgalevsky)的复活节戏剧插曲中被保留了下来。然而,这段乌克兰文描述的是一个白俄罗斯人。父亲死了,他的儿子们让他复活,以一种滑稽的方式父亲告诉他的儿子们他在阴间经历了什么。这个故事反映了对基督教形象的流行的、半异教徒的看法,根据多夫加列夫斯基的说法,这增强了喜剧效果。
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引用次数: 0
Olga Rovnova (November 23, 1960 — March 06, 2022) 奥尔加·罗夫诺娃(1960年11月23日,2022年3月6日)
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(1).90
N. Morozova
On March 6, 2022, Olga Rovnova, a linguist and dialectologist, died after a serious illness. She studied the Old Believers for many years, was a specialist in Russian aspectology, as well as the Old Believers of Estonia and Latin America. She initiated interdisciplinary studies of the language and culture of the Old Believers' chapels of South America, immigrants from China. In 2006–2008 Rovnova organized reconnaissance dialectological expeditions to Old Believer settlements in Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Brazil; in 2009, she visited the Old Believers of Australia (Sydney, Brisbane). The results of the researcher's many years of field work are her numerous articles published in various scientific journals in Russia and abroad (a total of more than 140 scientific papers), scientific reports at Russian and international conferences, popular science educational speeches and lectures.
2022年3月6日,语言学家和方言学家奥尔加·罗夫诺娃病重去世。她研究老信徒多年,是俄罗斯方面的专家,也是爱沙尼亚和拉丁美洲的老信徒。她发起了对来自中国的南美洲老信徒小教堂的语言和文化的跨学科研究。2006年至2008年,罗夫诺娃组织了对阿根廷、乌拉圭、玻利维亚和巴西的老信徒定居点的方言考察;2009年,她访问了澳大利亚的老信徒(悉尼,布里斯班)。研究人员多年的实地工作成果是她在俄罗斯国内外各种科学期刊上发表的众多文章(共140多篇科学论文)、在俄罗斯和国际会议上的科学报告、科普教育演讲和讲座。
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引用次数: 0
The 1636 Ruthenian Translation of the Czech Lucidarius (*Olomouc, 1622): Interpolations in an Ukrainian Manuscript Copy of the Early 19th Century 捷克语《卢西达留斯》1636年鲁塞尼亚语译本(*奥洛穆茨,1622年):19世纪早期乌克兰手稿副本的插补
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(1).80
Sergejus Temčinas
The article focuses on the textual history of the Ruthenian translation of the Czech book entitled Lucidář (Lucidarius), a medieval encyclopedic treatise consisting of the student’s questions and the teacher’s answers, which was most widespread in the Cyrillic manuscript tradition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland). This translation was made in 1636 from a non-extant edition (*Olomouc, 1622) and is represented by at least nine manuscript copies: five of them have been published and other four still remain practically unknown (kept at St. Petersburg and Yaroslavl). The latest manuscript copy of the early 19th century, which is of Ukrainian origin and is now kept in the collection of T. V. Kibalchich (St. Petersburg, National Library of Russia, Main Collection of the Manuscript Books (f. 550), Q.I.910, 21 f.), contains interpolations from three printed sources: Ioannikiy Galyatovsky’s Ključ razuměnija (Kyiv, 1659 or Lviv, 1663 or 1665), Cyril Tranquillion-Stavrovetsky’s Zercalo bogoslovija (Pochaiv, 1618 or Univ, 1692), andthe Chronicle by Dimitry of Rostov (Moscow, 1799–1800). These interpolations testify to the textual development of the Ruthenian translation of the Czech Lucidarius at the very end of its manuscript tradition. In the manuscript, the sources of these interpolations are explicitaly named without indicating the year and place of publication. The present article aims to establish the methods applied by an anonymous scribe to his printed sources and to identify the editions used by the compiler.
本文重点介绍了捷克语书籍《Lucidář(Lucidaius)》的鲁塞尼亚语翻译的文本历史,这是一本中世纪百科全书式的论文,由学生的问题和老师的答案组成,在波兰-立陶宛联邦(立陶宛大公国和波兰王国)的西里尔字母手稿传统中最为普遍。该译本于1636年由非现存版本(*Olomouc,1622)翻译而成,至少有九份手稿:其中五份已经出版,其他四份几乎不为人知(保存在圣彼得堡和雅罗斯拉夫尔)。19世纪初的最新手稿,源自乌克兰,现在保存在T.V.Kibalchich的收藏中(圣彼得堡,俄罗斯国家图书馆,手稿书主要收藏(550年),Q.I.910,21年),包含三个印刷来源的插入:Ioannikiy Galyatovsky的KljučrazumŞnija(基辅,1659年或利沃夫,1663或1665年),Cyril Tranquillion Stavrovetsky的Zercolo bogoslovija(波恰耶夫,1618或Univ,1692),以及罗斯托夫的Dimitry编年史(莫斯科,1799-1800)。这些插入证明了捷克语Lucidaius的鲁塞尼亚语翻译在其手稿传统末期的文本发展。在手稿中,这些插入的来源被解释为意大利,没有注明出版的年份和地点。本文旨在确定一位匿名抄写员对其印刷资料所采用的方法,并确定编译器所使用的版本。
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引用次数: 0
Acquisition of Word-formation Competence by Children Aged 3 to 6 Based on the Example of nomina agentis 3 ~ 6岁儿童构词能力的习得——以名义施主为例
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15388/slavviln.2022.67(1).88
Natalia Siudzińska, Ewelina Jankowska
The article presents how preschool children (aged 3 to 6) develop word-formation competences in the category of nomina agentis (names of agents). The linguistic material was collected with the author’s questionnaire. The tasks in this questionnaire were preceded by an example that led the child to the correct word formation scheme. The quantitative and qualitative analysis was created with the division into verbal formants (-acz and -ator) and nominal formants (-arz and -owiec). The analysis included the coding (creation) and decoding (an indication of the motivating word) of derivatives.The research showed how the process of acquiring word formation skills worked in the case of preschool children (aged 3 to 6) of similar social backgrounds. They confirmed that their word-building competence increased linearly, indicated the age at which they start developing these functions and what strategies they used when they were unable to complete the tasks. Among the 1,280 researched utterances, the most common children’s operations were the creation of tranpositional derivatives (e.g. słuchanie), neologisms (e.g. organizacz, organizek, organizant; dokuczaniec, dokucznik; mydłowiec), alternation and adding connectives (e.g. zabaw-l-owiec; kostk-ow-ek). The conclusions reached after the analysis of the material were compared with the hypotheses found in the literature on the subject matter and with the results of other researchers.
本文介绍了学龄前儿童(3 - 6岁)如何在命名主体(主体的名字)类别中发展构词能力。语言学材料是通过作者的问卷收集的。在这个问卷的任务之前,有一个例子,引导孩子正确的构词法。定量和定性分析创建了分为口头共振峰(-acz和-ator)和名义共振峰(-arz和-owiec)。分析包括衍生词的编码(创造)和解码(指示激励词)。这项研究显示了社会背景相似的学龄前儿童(3到6岁)习得构词法的过程。他们证实,他们的词汇构建能力呈线性增长,这表明他们开始发展这些功能的年龄,以及他们在无法完成任务时使用的策略。在1280个被研究的话语中,儿童最常见的操作是创造转位衍生物(例如słuchanie),新词(例如organizacz, organizek, organizant;dokuczaniec dokucznik;Mydłowiec),更改和添加连接词(例如zabaw-l-owiec;kostk-ow-ek)。对材料进行分析后得出的结论与有关该主题的文献中的假设以及其他研究人员的结果进行了比较。
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