Y. Aristiawan, Dillani Putri Ramadhaningtyas, D. Styarini
Chemical food preservation is the common strategy used by human to preserve the natural properties and to increase the shelf life of food. Although preservatives are useful to keep the food fresh and to stop the bacterial growth, there are certain preservatives that are harmful if taken in more than the prescribed limits. Some of the typical used—benzoic acid, methylparaben, and n-butylparaben—were employed in this work with the aim of establishing a simultaneous liquid chromatography (LC) method for detecting each in soy sauce matrices. Liquid and C18 solid phase extraction were performed in this procedure prior to LC using Diode Array Detector analysis. In gradient elution of a format buffer (pH 4.4) and acidified acetonitrile, the target components were successfully separated. Calibration curve ranged from 0.61–140 mg/kg linearly while the limit of quantification for benzoic acid, methylparaben, and n-butylparaben were 0.41, 0.10, and 0.11 mg/kg, respectively. The intermediate precision and recovery were in the range between 0.15-1.89% and 100.5-103.3%, respectively. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) in sample measurement was estimated at 3.4-6.5%. The offered method was conformed to the validation acceptance criteria and can be applied as a routine method in the laboratory at ppm level.
{"title":"Validation and Uncertainty Evaluation of an LC-DAD Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Benzoic Acid, Methylparaben, and N-Butylparaben in Soy Sauce","authors":"Y. Aristiawan, Dillani Putri Ramadhaningtyas, D. Styarini","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.432","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical food preservation is the common strategy used by human to preserve the natural properties and to increase the shelf life of food. Although preservatives are useful to keep the food fresh and to stop the bacterial growth, there are certain preservatives that are harmful if taken in more than the prescribed limits. Some of the typical used—benzoic acid, methylparaben, and n-butylparaben—were employed in this work with the aim of establishing a simultaneous liquid chromatography (LC) method for detecting each in soy sauce matrices. Liquid and C18 solid phase extraction were performed in this procedure prior to LC using Diode Array Detector analysis. In gradient elution of a format buffer (pH 4.4) and acidified acetonitrile, the target components were successfully separated. Calibration curve ranged from 0.61–140 mg/kg linearly while the limit of quantification for benzoic acid, methylparaben, and n-butylparaben were 0.41, 0.10, and 0.11 mg/kg, respectively. The intermediate precision and recovery were in the range between 0.15-1.89% and 100.5-103.3%, respectively. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) in sample measurement was estimated at 3.4-6.5%. The offered method was conformed to the validation acceptance criteria and can be applied as a routine method in the laboratory at ppm level.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dates are one of the plants that grow in the Middle East, one of them is the Golden Valley variety. Dates are usually consumed directly and can also be processed into date juice drinks. Dates refined process would produce waste in the form of date seeds are discarded and not processed into other products. This study used lipid-free Golden valley date seed extract to determine the secondary metabolite profile by using LC-MS/MS method, determining phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, determining total flavonoids using the aluminium chloride method, determining antioxidant activity by DPPH method, and determination of antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the compounds identified from the lipid-free date seed extract were catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, bis((1S,2R,5S)-5-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylcyclo-hexyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone, ethyl-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, and bis(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate. Lipid-free date seed extract contains total phenolic and flavonoid totals of 4364.704 mgGAE/100 grams of dried extract and 17200 mgQE/100 grams of dried extract. Its antioxidant activity is very strong in counteracting DPPH free radicals indicated by IC50 value of 10.1951 mg/L. Antibacterial activity shows strong inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria compared to inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria that are categorized as weak.
{"title":"Penentuan Profil Metabolit Sekunder, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Biji Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Bebas Lipid","authors":"Afrizal Afrizal, Aditya Perdana, S. Suryati","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.423","url":null,"abstract":"Dates are one of the plants that grow in the Middle East, one of them is the Golden Valley variety. Dates are usually consumed directly and can also be processed into date juice drinks. Dates refined process would produce waste in the form of date seeds are discarded and not processed into other products. This study used lipid-free Golden valley date seed extract to determine the secondary metabolite profile by using LC-MS/MS method, determining phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, determining total flavonoids using the aluminium chloride method, determining antioxidant activity by DPPH method, and determination of antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the compounds identified from the lipid-free date seed extract were catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, bis((1S,2R,5S)-5-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylcyclo-hexyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone, ethyl-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, and bis(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate. Lipid-free date seed extract contains total phenolic and flavonoid totals of 4364.704 mgGAE/100 grams of dried extract and 17200 mgQE/100 grams of dried extract. Its antioxidant activity is very strong in counteracting DPPH free radicals indicated by IC50 value of 10.1951 mg/L. Antibacterial activity shows strong inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria compared to inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria that are categorized as weak.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Fakih, Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo Putri, Viola Marillia, Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan, Fitrianti Darusman
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a disease of the respiratory tract caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G, and jubanine H compounds in the arabian bidara plant (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) are known to treat viral and bacterial infections. The purpose of this study was to test the affinity of the compounds jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G, and jubanine H in the arabian bidara plant to the non-structural protein 15 (Nsp15) receptor. This research was carried out by identifying the physicochemical properties of the test compounds using the swissADME server. After that, geometry optimization was performed using the Quantum ESPRESSO 6.6 software, then macromolecule preparation was accomplished using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Furthermore, method validation and molecular docking simulations were demonstrated using MGLTools 1.5.6 software with AutoDock Tools 4.2. Then the analysis of the molecular docking results was carried out using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Finally, the toxicity of the test compound was predicted using the Toxtree 3.1.0 software. Based on the results of free binding energy (∆G), jubanine H has the best affinity among the other five compounds with the lowest binding energy value of −6.51 kcal/mol.
冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的呼吸道疾病。已知阿拉伯bidara植物(Ziziphus spina-christi L.)中的Jubanine A, Jubanine B, Jubanine C, Jubanine G和Jubanine H化合物可治疗病毒和细菌感染。本研究的目的是测试化合物jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G和jubanine H在阿拉伯bidara植物中与非结构蛋白15 (Nsp15)受体的亲和力。本研究是通过使用swissADME服务器识别测试化合物的物理化学性质来进行的。之后，使用Quantum ESPRESSO 6.6软件进行几何优化，然后使用BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020软件完成大分子制备。此外，使用MGLTools 1.5.6软件和AutoDock Tools 4.2进行方法验证和分子对接模拟。然后利用BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020软件对分子对接结果进行分析。最后，利用Toxtree 3.1.0软件对实验化合物进行毒性预测。根据自由结合能(∆G)的结果，jubanine H在其他5个化合物中具有最好的亲和力，其结合能最低为- 6.51 kcal/mol。
{"title":"Identifikasi Aktivitas Biologis, Prediksi Toksisitas, dan Molecular Docking Senyawa Jubanine dari Tanaman Bidara Arab sebagai Kandidat Antivirus SARS-CoV-2","authors":"T. M. Fakih, Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo Putri, Viola Marillia, Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan, Fitrianti Darusman","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.437","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a disease of the respiratory tract caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G, and jubanine H compounds in the arabian bidara plant (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) are known to treat viral and bacterial infections. The purpose of this study was to test the affinity of the compounds jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G, and jubanine H in the arabian bidara plant to the non-structural protein 15 (Nsp15) receptor. This research was carried out by identifying the physicochemical properties of the test compounds using the swissADME server. After that, geometry optimization was performed using the Quantum ESPRESSO 6.6 software, then macromolecule preparation was accomplished using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Furthermore, method validation and molecular docking simulations were demonstrated using MGLTools 1.5.6 software with AutoDock Tools 4.2. Then the analysis of the molecular docking results was carried out using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Finally, the toxicity of the test compound was predicted using the Toxtree 3.1.0 software. Based on the results of free binding energy (∆G), jubanine H has the best affinity among the other five compounds with the lowest binding energy value of −6.51 kcal/mol.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42134508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Murniati, E. Gunawan, Dedy Suhendra, Dina Asnawati, Pujana Qurba
Epoxidation is a reaction of a carbon double bond with active oxygen, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom, converting the original double bond into a three-membered epoxide (oxirane) ring. Generally, the raw material for making epoxy comes from petroleum. Nyamplung kernel oil is a non-edible oil that can be used as an alternative raw material for making epoxy derivatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions and characterization of epoxy materials. The fatty acids of Nyamplung kernel oil were reacted formic acid and hydrogen peroxide with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The optimum condition of the following parameters on the study of this process was investigated: the epoxidation time, temperature, and the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions with the temperature was 65 oC, the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide was 1:6, and the reaction time was 75 minutes. The results of the characterization under optimum conditions showed the oxirane value of 1.69, the iodine number of 9.63 mg iod/100 g, and the epoxy conversion of 67.6 %. The results of FTIR characterization showed absorption at a wavenumber of 820.03 cm-1 which is a specific absorption from the oxirane ring of the epoxy compound.
{"title":"Sintesis Senyawa-Senyawa Epoksi dari Asam Lemak Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.)","authors":"M. Murniati, E. Gunawan, Dedy Suhendra, Dina Asnawati, Pujana Qurba","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.447","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxidation is a reaction of a carbon double bond with active oxygen, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom, converting the original double bond into a three-membered epoxide (oxirane) ring. Generally, the raw material for making epoxy comes from petroleum. Nyamplung kernel oil is a non-edible oil that can be used as an alternative raw material for making epoxy derivatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions and characterization of epoxy materials. The fatty acids of Nyamplung kernel oil were reacted formic acid and hydrogen peroxide with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The optimum condition of the following parameters on the study of this process was investigated: the epoxidation time, temperature, and the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions with the temperature was 65 oC, the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide was 1:6, and the reaction time was 75 minutes. The results of the characterization under optimum conditions showed the oxirane value of 1.69, the iodine number of 9.63 mg iod/100 g, and the epoxy conversion of 67.6 %. The results of FTIR characterization showed absorption at a wavenumber of 820.03 cm-1 which is a specific absorption from the oxirane ring of the epoxy compound.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48776120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green lettuce is a vegetable that is widely consumed in Indonesia. These vegetables come from conventional and hydroponic farming. This study aims to compare the antioxidant content of these two types of vegetables. This vegetable is extracted by the infundation method. The extract obtained was determined for its antioxidant content by the MPM method. This method was validated by using parameter LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and accuracy. The results showed that this method was valid for determining the total antioxidant content in conventional and hydroponic green lettuce samples. The total antioxidant content in conventional and hydroponic green lettuce samples was 2.68 ± 0.65 mg aa/g FW and 1.67 ± 0.40 mg AA/g FW, respectively. T test stated that the antioxidant content of the two samples was significantly different.
{"title":"Penentuan Kandungan Antioksidan Total pada Infusa Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) Hidroponik dan Konvensional secara Spektrofotometri dengan Modified Phenantroline Method (MPM)","authors":"Yefrida Yefrida, Refilda Refilda, Nofi Hamidah, Widuri Rosman","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.492","url":null,"abstract":"Green lettuce is a vegetable that is widely consumed in Indonesia. These vegetables come from conventional and hydroponic farming. This study aims to compare the antioxidant content of these two types of vegetables. This vegetable is extracted by the infundation method. The extract obtained was determined for its antioxidant content by the MPM method. This method was validated by using parameter LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and accuracy. The results showed that this method was valid for determining the total antioxidant content in conventional and hydroponic green lettuce samples. The total antioxidant content in conventional and hydroponic green lettuce samples was 2.68 ± 0.65 mg aa/g FW and 1.67 ± 0.40 mg AA/g FW, respectively. T test stated that the antioxidant content of the two samples was significantly different.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41482106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of slow-release fertilizer in agriculture is currently very necessary because of its performance that can control the release of fertilizer. However, the case of excessive use of urea on agricultural land has the potential to cause water pollution because the process of nitrification produces nitrite ions that are toxic and eutrophication of water and prevent harmful N2O gas emissions. This research has been done making urea slow-release fertilizer in the form of superabsorbent hydrogel with crosslink method and bentonite coating technique by sodium alginate. The hydrogels formed characterized its structure and morphology with FTIR and SEM-EDS, as well as swelling tests to see its ability to store water. Furthermore, to test the performance of hydrogel as a slow-release fertilizer is carried out urea release test at various pH and times. The results showed that urea fertilizer has filled the structure and surface of hydrogel with a swelling ratio of 2.894,30% (BAC1) and 3.428,52% (BAC2). The addition of CaCl2 crosslinking agent provides increased gelation power, swelling, and adsorption capacity against urea in addition to the urea release process is not affected by pH.
{"title":"Hidrogel Superabsorben Berbasis Natrium Alginat-Bentonit sebagai Pelapis Pupuk Lepas Lambat","authors":"Sintia Lestari, L. M. Yuningsih, S. Muharam","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.464","url":null,"abstract":"The application of slow-release fertilizer in agriculture is currently very necessary because of its performance that can control the release of fertilizer. However, the case of excessive use of urea on agricultural land has the potential to cause water pollution because the process of nitrification produces nitrite ions that are toxic and eutrophication of water and prevent harmful N2O gas emissions. This research has been done making urea slow-release fertilizer in the form of superabsorbent hydrogel with crosslink method and bentonite coating technique by sodium alginate. The hydrogels formed characterized its structure and morphology with FTIR and SEM-EDS, as well as swelling tests to see its ability to store water. Furthermore, to test the performance of hydrogel as a slow-release fertilizer is carried out urea release test at various pH and times. The results showed that urea fertilizer has filled the structure and surface of hydrogel with a swelling ratio of 2.894,30% (BAC1) and 3.428,52% (BAC2). The addition of CaCl2 crosslinking agent provides increased gelation power, swelling, and adsorption capacity against urea in addition to the urea release process is not affected by pH.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research, the caffeine extract of arabica coffee beans, cacao beans, and black tea leaves will be tested as a corrosion inhibitor on aluminium in an acidic environment and in biodiesel containing acid. This condition resembles the metabolism of microorganisms in biodiesel which produces H2SO4 as one of the causes of corrosion. Arabica coffee, cacao beans and black tea are natural organic ingredients containing caffeine which can inhibit corrosion. In the maceration process used a variable ratio of 70% ethanol solvent with organic matter, namely 225 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol and 150 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol. Concentration of caffeine extract from arabika coffee, cacao beans, and black tea leaves was obtained based on HPLC analysis at an effluent rate of 0.8 mL/min. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The previously used aluminium has been corroded with 12% H2SO4. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The best inhibitor results on aluminium soaked in biosolar containing 12% H2SO4 is tea 1.234,313 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.6x10-4 g/cm2 day on day 1 to 2.5x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 99%. While the aluminium soaked in H2SO4 12% is tea containing caffeine of 684.373 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.3 x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 1 to 3.3x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 64%. The longer the immersion time of aluminium in H2SO4 media with the addition of organic inhibitors, the lower the corrosion rate value because the inhibitors form a layer that protects the aluminium.
{"title":"Ekstrak Kafein sebagai Inhibitor Korosi Alami pada Logam Aluminium dalam Media Larutan Asam Sulfat dan Biosolar","authors":"Shafara Najla Marinda Sukmawanta, Dyah Ratna Wulan, Kristina Widjajanti, Noor Isnaini Azkiya, Yanty Maryanty","doi":"10.25077/jrk.v13i1.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v13i1.488","url":null,"abstract":"This research, the caffeine extract of arabica coffee beans, cacao beans, and black tea leaves will be tested as a corrosion inhibitor on aluminium in an acidic environment and in biodiesel containing acid. This condition resembles the metabolism of microorganisms in biodiesel which produces H2SO4 as one of the causes of corrosion. Arabica coffee, cacao beans and black tea are natural organic ingredients containing caffeine which can inhibit corrosion. In the maceration process used a variable ratio of 70% ethanol solvent with organic matter, namely 225 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol and 150 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol. Concentration of caffeine extract from arabika coffee, cacao beans, and black tea leaves was obtained based on HPLC analysis at an effluent rate of 0.8 mL/min. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The previously used aluminium has been corroded with 12% H2SO4. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The best inhibitor results on aluminium soaked in biosolar containing 12% H2SO4 is tea 1.234,313 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.6x10-4 g/cm2 day on day 1 to 2.5x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 99%. While the aluminium soaked in H2SO4 12% is tea containing caffeine of 684.373 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.3 x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 1 to 3.3x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 64%. The longer the immersion time of aluminium in H2SO4 media with the addition of organic inhibitors, the lower the corrosion rate value because the inhibitors form a layer that protects the aluminium.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48494572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanaman secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat Indonesia yang sudah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Ekstrak etanol kayu secang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Sediaan dalam bentuk ekstrak memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah karena rendahnya kelarutan dalam air dan tidak stabil terhadap faktor lingkungan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu dengan memformulasikan ke dalam sediaan nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi nanoherbal ekstrak etanol kayu secang menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Ekstrak kayu secang diformulasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan perbandingan kitosan-Na-TPP yaitu 1:1 (F1), 3:2 (F2), dan 2:1 (F3). Nanoherbal hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan zetasizer nano untuk menentukan ukuran partikel dan potensial zeta serta spektroskopi infra merah (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nanoherbal F1 memiliki ukuran partikel yang memenuhi syarat sebagai nanopartikel (900,8 nm) dan memiliki potensial zeta sebesar +529,6 mV. Spektrum IR mendukung terjadinya nanopartikel herbal yang ditunjukkan oleh pergeseran bilangan gelombang vibrasi ulur gugus –OH (3297 cm-1 ke 3197 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk gugus –NH (1582 cm-1 ke 1557 cm-1), serta munculnya puncak vibrasi gugus fosfat pada bilangan gelombang 1071 cm-1.
{"title":"SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOHERBAL EKSTRAK ETANOL KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.)","authors":"Nabella Dwitarani, Rafiqi Rajauddin Amin, Titik Mardiyanti Sofyah, Disfanya Nichelen Ramadhani, Suyatno Sutoyo","doi":"10.20473/jkr.v6i2.30883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v6i2.30883","url":null,"abstract":"Tanaman secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat Indonesia yang sudah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Ekstrak etanol kayu secang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Sediaan dalam bentuk ekstrak memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah karena rendahnya kelarutan dalam air dan tidak stabil terhadap faktor lingkungan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu dengan memformulasikan ke dalam sediaan nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi nanoherbal ekstrak etanol kayu secang menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Ekstrak kayu secang diformulasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan perbandingan kitosan-Na-TPP yaitu 1:1 (F1), 3:2 (F2), dan 2:1 (F3). Nanoherbal hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan zetasizer nano untuk menentukan ukuran partikel dan potensial zeta serta spektroskopi infra merah (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nanoherbal F1 memiliki ukuran partikel yang memenuhi syarat sebagai nanopartikel (900,8 nm) dan memiliki potensial zeta sebesar +529,6 mV. Spektrum IR mendukung terjadinya nanopartikel herbal yang ditunjukkan oleh pergeseran bilangan gelombang vibrasi ulur gugus –OH (3297 cm-1 ke 3197 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk gugus –NH (1582 cm-1 ke 1557 cm-1), serta munculnya puncak vibrasi gugus fosfat pada bilangan gelombang 1071 cm-1.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77075888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pemakaian minyak goreng berulang menyebabkan terjadinya oksidasi yang lebih tinggi pada minyak. Abu cangkang sawit dapat meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah karena bersifat adsorben. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan efektivitas abu cangkang sawit dalam meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah dari pemakaian berulang minyak goreng curah dan kemasan ditinjau dari parameter kualitas minyak goreng sesuai Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan minyak curah dan kemasan dengan 4 kali pemakaian pada penggorengan ikan lele. Minyak jelantah hasil pengulangan kemudian diperlakukan dengan abu cangkang sawit pada kondisi optimum yang diperoleh pada penelitian sebelumnya yaitu perendaman 20 g abu cangkang sawit selama 2 minggu dalam 50 mL minyak jelantah. Hasil dalam penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa efektivitas abu cangkang sawit tertinggi yaitu pada pengulangan pemakaian minyak yang kedua kali (P2). Abu cangkang sawit lebih direkomendasikan untuk peningkatan kualitas minyak jelantah yang berasal dari minyak goreng kemasan (MK P2). Efektivitas abu cangkang sawit tertinggi pada MK P2 untuk parameter warna adalah sebesar 35,56%, kadar air 40,19%, asam lemak bebas 55,50%, angka peroksida 40,17%. Efektivitas abu cangkang sawit menurun dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah pemakaian minyak goreng.
{"title":"EFEKTIVITAS ABU CANGKANG SAWIT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MINYAK GORENG CURAH DAN MINYAK GORENG KEMASAN","authors":"Lidya Novita, Esthy Rahman Asih, Yuliana Arsil","doi":"10.20473/jkr.v6i2.31074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v6i2.31074","url":null,"abstract":"Pemakaian minyak goreng berulang menyebabkan terjadinya oksidasi yang lebih tinggi pada minyak. Abu cangkang sawit dapat meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah karena bersifat adsorben. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan efektivitas abu cangkang sawit dalam meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah dari pemakaian berulang minyak goreng curah dan kemasan ditinjau dari parameter kualitas minyak goreng sesuai Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan minyak curah dan kemasan dengan 4 kali pemakaian pada penggorengan ikan lele. Minyak jelantah hasil pengulangan kemudian diperlakukan dengan abu cangkang sawit pada kondisi optimum yang diperoleh pada penelitian sebelumnya yaitu perendaman 20 g abu cangkang sawit selama 2 minggu dalam 50 mL minyak jelantah. Hasil dalam penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa efektivitas abu cangkang sawit tertinggi yaitu pada pengulangan pemakaian minyak yang kedua kali (P2). Abu cangkang sawit lebih direkomendasikan untuk peningkatan kualitas minyak jelantah yang berasal dari minyak goreng kemasan (MK P2). Efektivitas abu cangkang sawit tertinggi pada MK P2 untuk parameter warna adalah sebesar 35,56%, kadar air 40,19%, asam lemak bebas 55,50%, angka peroksida 40,17%. Efektivitas abu cangkang sawit menurun dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah pemakaian minyak goreng.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87546422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selaginella doederleinii merupakan tumbuhan paku yang berasal dari China, namun telah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk melancarkan aliran darah, menghilangkan bengkak, antitoksik, antikanker, dan menghentikan pendarahan (hemostatis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan fitokimia, kandungan flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol tumbuhan S. doederleinii. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dan dihasilkan ekstrak etanol berupa padatan berwarna hijau gelap. Ekstrak padat dianalisis metabolit sekundernya menggunakan skrining fitokimia. Kadar flavonoid total ditentukan menggunakan spektroskopi dengan pereaksi aluminium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol S. doederleinii terdapat kandungan fenolik, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak etanol tumbuhan S. doederleinii sebesar 17,615 mg QE/g ekstrak. Sementara itu nilai IC50 pada uji aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 128,696 ppm, sehingga ekstrak etanol S. doerdeleinii mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dalam kategori sedang.
{"title":"SKRINING FITOKIMIA, KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID TOTAL, DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TUMBUHAN Selaginella doederleinii","authors":"Farida Dwi Oktavia, Suyatno Sutoyo","doi":"10.20473/jkr.v6i2.30904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v6i2.30904","url":null,"abstract":"Selaginella doederleinii merupakan tumbuhan paku yang berasal dari China, namun telah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk melancarkan aliran darah, menghilangkan bengkak, antitoksik, antikanker, dan menghentikan pendarahan (hemostatis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan fitokimia, kandungan flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol tumbuhan S. doederleinii. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dan dihasilkan ekstrak etanol berupa padatan berwarna hijau gelap. Ekstrak padat dianalisis metabolit sekundernya menggunakan skrining fitokimia. Kadar flavonoid total ditentukan menggunakan spektroskopi dengan pereaksi aluminium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol S. doederleinii terdapat kandungan fenolik, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak etanol tumbuhan S. doederleinii sebesar 17,615 mg QE/g ekstrak. Sementara itu nilai IC50 pada uji aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 128,696 ppm, sehingga ekstrak etanol S. doerdeleinii mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dalam kategori sedang.","PeriodicalId":33366,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72807291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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