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Validation and Uncertainty Evaluation of an LC-DAD Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Benzoic Acid, Methylparaben, and N-Butylparaben in Soy Sauce LC-DAD法同时测定酱油中苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯含量的验证及不确定度评定
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.432
Y. Aristiawan, Dillani Putri Ramadhaningtyas, D. Styarini
Chemical food preservation is the common strategy used by human to preserve the natural properties and to increase the shelf life of food. Although preservatives are useful to keep the food fresh and to stop the bacterial growth, there are certain preservatives that are harmful if taken in more than the prescribed limits. Some of the typical used—benzoic acid, methylparaben, and n-butylparaben—were employed in this work with the aim of establishing a simultaneous liquid chromatography (LC) method for detecting each in soy sauce matrices. Liquid and C18 solid phase extraction were performed in this procedure prior to LC using Diode Array Detector analysis. In gradient elution of a format buffer (pH 4.4) and acidified acetonitrile, the target components were successfully separated. Calibration curve ranged from 0.61–140 mg/kg linearly while the limit of quantification for benzoic acid, methylparaben, and n-butylparaben were 0.41, 0.10, and 0.11 mg/kg, respectively. The intermediate precision and recovery were in the range between 0.15-1.89% and 100.5-103.3%, respectively. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) in sample measurement was estimated at 3.4-6.5%. The offered method was conformed to the validation acceptance criteria and can be applied as a routine method in the laboratory at ppm level.
化学食品保鲜是人类为保护食品的自然特性和延长食品保质期而采用的常用策略。虽然防腐剂有助于保持食物新鲜和阻止细菌生长,但有些防腐剂如果摄入超过规定的限量,就会有害。本工作采用了一些典型的使用方法——苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯乙酸正丁酯,目的是建立一种同时液相色谱法(LC)来检测酱油基质中的每种物质。在使用二极管阵列检测器分析进行LC之前,在此程序中进行液相和C18固相萃取。在格式化缓冲液(pH 4.4)和酸化乙腈的梯度洗脱中,目标成分被成功分离。校准曲线线性范围为0.61–140 mg/kg,而苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯酸正丁酯的定量限分别为0.41、0.10和0.11 mg/kg。中间精密度和回收率分别在0.15-1.89%和100.5-103.3%之间。样品测量的扩展不确定度(k=2)估计为3.4-6.5%。所提供的方法符合验证验收标准,可作为实验室中ppm水平的常规方法使用。
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引用次数: 1
Penentuan Profil Metabolit Sekunder, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Biji Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Bebas Lipid 二次代谢剖面,枣椰树提取物中的抗氧化剂和抗菌活性(凤梨属)。自由脂肪
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.423
Afrizal Afrizal, Aditya Perdana, S. Suryati
Dates are one of the plants that grow in the Middle East, one of them is the Golden Valley variety. Dates are usually consumed directly and can also be processed into date juice drinks. Dates refined process would produce waste in the form of date seeds are discarded and not processed into other products. This study used lipid-free Golden valley date seed extract to determine the secondary metabolite profile by using LC-MS/MS method, determining phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, determining total flavonoids using the aluminium chloride method, determining antioxidant activity by DPPH method, and determination of antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the compounds identified from the lipid-free date seed extract were catechin-(4α→8)-catechin, bis((1S,2R,5S)-5-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylcyclo-hexyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone, ethyl-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, and bis(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate. Lipid-free date seed extract contains total phenolic and flavonoid totals of 4364.704 mgGAE/100 grams of dried extract and 17200 mgQE/100 grams of dried extract. Its antioxidant activity is very strong in counteracting DPPH free radicals indicated by IC50 value of 10.1951 mg/L. Antibacterial activity shows strong inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria compared to inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria that are categorized as weak.
枣子是一种生长在中东的植物,其中一种是金谷品种。枣通常直接食用,也可以加工成枣汁饮料。枣子精制过程中会产生废弃物,枣子被丢弃,不能加工成其他产品。本研究以无脂金谷枣籽提取物为原料,采用LC-MS/MS法测定其次生代谢产物谱,采用Folin-Ciocalteau法测定酚类含量,采用氯化铝法测定总黄酮含量,采用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性,采用圆盘扩散法测定其抗菌活性。结果表明,从无脂枣籽提取物中分离得到的化合物为儿茶素-(4α→8)-儿茶素、二((1S,2R,5S)-5-异丙基-2,3-二甲基环己基)-2,6-二甲基吡啶-3,5-二羧酸盐、3,5,6-三羟基-4',7-二甲氧基黄酮、乙基-2-氨基-3-氧丁酸盐和二(2-异丙基-5-甲基环己基)-2,6-二甲基-1,4-二氢-3,5-吡啶二羧酸盐。无脂枣籽提取物的总酚和类黄酮含量分别为4364.704 mg /100克和17200 mg /100克。其抗氧化活性很强,对DPPH自由基的IC50值为10.1951 mg/L。抗菌活性显示金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用较强,而大肠杆菌的抑制作用较弱。
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引用次数: 0
Identifikasi Aktivitas Biologis, Prediksi Toksisitas, dan Molecular Docking Senyawa Jubanine dari Tanaman Bidara Arab sebagai Kandidat Antivirus SARS-CoV-2 阿拉伯莲花属植物的生物活性、毒性预测和分子对接的朱巴宁化合物作为抗病毒SARS-CoV-2的候选者
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.437
T. M. Fakih, Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo Putri, Viola Marillia, Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan, Fitrianti Darusman
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a disease of the respiratory tract caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G, and jubanine H compounds in the arabian bidara plant (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) are known to treat viral and bacterial infections. The purpose of this study was to test the affinity of the compounds jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G, and jubanine H in the arabian bidara plant to the non-structural protein 15 (Nsp15) receptor. This research was carried out by identifying the physicochemical properties of the test compounds using the swissADME server. After that, geometry optimization was performed using the Quantum ESPRESSO 6.6 software, then macromolecule preparation was accomplished using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Furthermore, method validation and molecular docking simulations were demonstrated using MGLTools 1.5.6 software with AutoDock Tools 4.2. Then the analysis of the molecular docking results was carried out using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 software. Finally, the toxicity of the test compound was predicted using the Toxtree 3.1.0 software. Based on the results of free binding energy (∆G), jubanine H has the best affinity among the other five compounds with the lowest binding energy value of −6.51 kcal/mol.
冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的呼吸道疾病。已知阿拉伯bidara植物(Ziziphus spina-christi L.)中的Jubanine A, Jubanine B, Jubanine C, Jubanine G和Jubanine H化合物可治疗病毒和细菌感染。本研究的目的是测试化合物jubanine A, jubanine B, jubanine C, jubanine G和jubanine H在阿拉伯bidara植物中与非结构蛋白15 (Nsp15)受体的亲和力。本研究是通过使用swissADME服务器识别测试化合物的物理化学性质来进行的。之后,使用Quantum ESPRESSO 6.6软件进行几何优化,然后使用BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020软件完成大分子制备。此外,使用MGLTools 1.5.6软件和AutoDock Tools 4.2进行方法验证和分子对接模拟。然后利用BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020软件对分子对接结果进行分析。最后,利用Toxtree 3.1.0软件对实验化合物进行毒性预测。根据自由结合能(∆G)的结果,jubanine H在其他5个化合物中具有最好的亲和力,其结合能最低为- 6.51 kcal/mol。
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引用次数: 1
Sintesis Senyawa-Senyawa Epoksi dari Asam Lemak Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) 酸性柠檬油Nyamplung(Calophyllum inophyllum L.)合成Senyawa Senyawa环氧树脂
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.447
M. Murniati, E. Gunawan, Dedy Suhendra, Dina Asnawati, Pujana Qurba
Epoxidation is a reaction of a carbon double bond with active oxygen, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom, converting the original double bond into a three-membered epoxide (oxirane) ring. Generally, the raw material for making epoxy comes from petroleum. Nyamplung kernel oil is a non-edible oil that can be used as an alternative raw material for making epoxy derivatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions and characterization of epoxy materials. The fatty acids of Nyamplung kernel oil were reacted formic acid and hydrogen peroxide with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The optimum condition of the following parameters on the study of this process was investigated: the epoxidation time, temperature, and the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions with the temperature was 65 oC, the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide was 1:6, and the reaction time was 75 minutes. The results of the characterization under optimum conditions showed the oxirane value of 1.69, the iodine number of 9.63 mg iod/100 g, and the epoxy conversion of 67.6 %. The results of FTIR characterization showed absorption at a wavenumber of 820.03 cm-1 which is a specific absorption from the oxirane ring of the epoxy compound.
环氧化是碳双键与活性氧的反应,导致氧原子的添加,将原始双键转化为三元环氧化物(环氧乙烷)环。通常,制造环氧树脂的原料来自石油。Nyamplung仁油是一种非食用油,可作为制造环氧衍生物的替代原料。本研究的目的是确定环氧材料的最佳条件和表征。以硫酸为催化剂,将甲酸和过氧化氢反应制备了Nyamplung仁油中的脂肪酸。考察了环氧化时间、温度、甲酸与过氧化氢的摩尔比等因素对该工艺的影响。结果表明,反应温度为65℃,甲酸与过氧化氢的摩尔比为1:6,反应时间为75分钟,是最适宜的反应条件。在最佳条件下的表征结果表明,环氧乙烷值为1.69,碘值为9.63mg iod/100g,环氧转化率为67.6%。FTIR表征的结果显示在820.03cm-1的波数处的吸收,这是环氧化合物的环氧乙烷环的特定吸收。
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引用次数: 1
Penentuan Kandungan Antioksidan Total pada Infusa Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) Hidroponik dan Konvensional secara Spektrofotometri dengan Modified Phenantroline Method (MPM) 改良菲咯啉法测定水培和常规分光光度法测定绿色浸液(Lactuca sativa L.)中总抗氧化剂含量
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.492
Yefrida Yefrida, Refilda Refilda, Nofi Hamidah, Widuri Rosman
Green lettuce is a vegetable that is widely consumed in Indonesia. These vegetables come from conventional and hydroponic farming. This study aims to compare the antioxidant content of these two types of vegetables. This vegetable is extracted by the infundation method. The extract obtained was determined for its antioxidant content by the MPM method. This method was validated by using parameter LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and accuracy. The results showed that this method was valid for determining the total antioxidant content in conventional and hydroponic green lettuce samples. The total antioxidant content in conventional and hydroponic green lettuce samples was 2.68 ± 0.65 mg aa/g FW and 1.67 ± 0.40 mg AA/g FW, respectively. T test stated that the antioxidant content of the two samples was significantly different.
绿生菜是一种在印度尼西亚被广泛食用的蔬菜。这些蔬菜来自传统的水培农业。本研究旨在比较这两种蔬菜的抗氧化剂含量。这种蔬菜是用浸渍法提取的。通过MPM法测定所获得的提取物的抗氧化剂含量。通过参数LoD、LoQ、线性度、精密度和准确度对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法适用于测定常规和水培绿生菜样品中总抗氧化剂的含量。常规和水培绿生菜样品中的总抗氧化剂含量分别为2.68±0.65 mg aa/g FW和1.67±0.40 mg aa/gFW。T检验表明,两个样品的抗氧化剂含量存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Hidrogel Superabsorben Berbasis Natrium Alginat-Bentonit sebagai Pelapis Pupuk Lepas Lambat 水凝胶,高压氧钠,作为一种缓慢的自由流动肥料涂料
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.464
Sintia Lestari, L. M. Yuningsih, S. Muharam
The application of slow-release fertilizer in agriculture is currently very necessary because of its performance that can control the release of fertilizer. However, the case of excessive use of urea on agricultural land has the potential to cause water pollution because the process of nitrification produces nitrite ions that are toxic and eutrophication of water and prevent harmful N2O gas emissions. This research has been done making urea slow-release fertilizer in the form of superabsorbent hydrogel with crosslink method and bentonite coating technique by sodium alginate. The hydrogels formed characterized its structure and morphology with FTIR and SEM-EDS, as well as swelling tests to see its ability to store water. Furthermore, to test the performance of hydrogel as a slow-release fertilizer is carried out urea release test at various pH and times. The results showed that urea fertilizer has filled the structure and surface of hydrogel with a swelling ratio of 2.894,30% (BAC1) and 3.428,52% (BAC2). The addition of CaCl2 crosslinking agent provides increased gelation power, swelling, and adsorption capacity against urea in addition to the urea release process is not affected by pH.
缓释肥料具有控制肥料释放的性能,因此在农业中应用是十分必要的。然而,在农业用地上过量使用尿素的情况有可能造成水污染,因为硝化过程产生的亚硝酸盐离子是有毒的,并使水富营养化,防止有害的N2O气体排放。以海藻酸钠为原料,采用交联法和膨润土包覆法制备高吸水性水凝胶形式的尿素缓释肥料。所形成的水凝胶通过FTIR和SEM-EDS表征了其结构和形态,并通过膨胀测试来观察其储水能力。此外,为了测试水凝胶作为缓释肥料的性能,进行了不同pH值和不同时间的尿素释放试验。结果表明:尿素肥填充了水凝胶的结构和表面,溶胀率分别为2.894.30% (BAC1)和3.428.52% (BAC2);CaCl2交联剂的加入增加了凝胶力、溶胀和对尿素的吸附能力,并且尿素的释放过程不受pH值的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Ekstrak Kafein sebagai Inhibitor Korosi Alami pada Logam Aluminium dalam Media Larutan Asam Sulfat dan Biosolar 提取咖啡因作为在硫酸和生物太阳能混合介质中对铝金属的天然腐蚀抑制剂
Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.488
Shafara Najla Marinda Sukmawanta, Dyah Ratna Wulan, Kristina Widjajanti, Noor Isnaini Azkiya, Yanty Maryanty
This research, the caffeine extract of arabica coffee beans, cacao beans, and black tea leaves will be tested as a corrosion inhibitor on aluminium in an acidic environment and in biodiesel containing acid. This condition resembles the metabolism of microorganisms in biodiesel which produces H2SO4 as one of the causes of corrosion. Arabica coffee, cacao beans and black tea are natural organic ingredients containing caffeine which can inhibit corrosion. In the maceration process used a variable ratio of 70% ethanol solvent with organic matter, namely 225 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol and 150 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol. Concentration of caffeine extract from arabika coffee, cacao beans, and black tea leaves was obtained based on HPLC analysis at an effluent rate of 0.8 mL/min. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The previously used aluminium has been corroded with 12% H2SO4. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The best inhibitor results on aluminium soaked in biosolar containing 12% H2SO4 is tea 1.234,313 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.6x10-4 g/cm2 day on day 1 to 2.5x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 99%. While the aluminium soaked in H2SO4 12% is tea containing caffeine of 684.373 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.3 x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 1 to 3.3x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 64%. The longer the immersion time of aluminium in H2SO4 media with the addition of organic inhibitors, the lower the corrosion rate value because the inhibitors form a layer that protects the aluminium.
在这项研究中,阿拉比卡咖啡豆、可可豆和红茶的咖啡因提取物将在酸性环境和含酸生物柴油中作为铝的缓蚀剂进行测试。这种情况类似于生物柴油中微生物的代谢,产生H2SO4作为腐蚀的原因之一。阿拉比卡咖啡、可可豆和红茶都是含有咖啡因的天然有机成分,可以抑制腐蚀。浸渍过程中采用70%乙醇溶剂与有机物的可变比例,即225克有机物与450克乙醇,150克有机物与450克乙醇。采用高效液相色谱法测定阿拉比卡咖啡、可可豆和红茶中咖啡因提取物的浓度,出水速率为0.8 mL/min。分别在浸液0、1、4、7、10 d对铝进行缓蚀效果试验。先前使用的铝已被12%的H2SO4腐蚀。分别在浸液0、1、4、7、10 d对铝进行缓蚀效果试验。在含12% H2SO4的生物太阳能溶液中,对铝的缓蚀效果最好,其缓蚀速率为1.234,313 ppm,第1天的腐蚀速率为1.6x10-4 g/cm2,第10天的腐蚀速率为2.5x10-4 g/cm2,缓蚀率为99%。12% H2SO4浸泡的铝为含咖啡因684.373 ppm的茶,第1天的腐蚀速率为1.3 x10-4 g/ cm2 day,第10天的腐蚀速率为3.3x10-4 g/ cm2 day,缓蚀率为64%。添加有机缓蚀剂后,铝在H2SO4介质中浸泡时间越长,腐蚀速率值越低,因为缓蚀剂会形成一层保护铝的保护层。
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引用次数: 0
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOHERBAL EKSTRAK ETANOL KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) 草药和乙醇萃取纳米草药的合成和特性。
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v6i2.30883
Nabella Dwitarani, Rafiqi Rajauddin Amin, Titik Mardiyanti Sofyah, Disfanya Nichelen Ramadhani, Suyatno Sutoyo
Tanaman secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat Indonesia yang sudah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Ekstrak etanol kayu secang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Sediaan dalam bentuk ekstrak memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah karena rendahnya kelarutan dalam air dan tidak stabil terhadap faktor lingkungan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu dengan memformulasikan ke dalam sediaan nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi nanoherbal ekstrak etanol kayu secang menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Ekstrak kayu secang diformulasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan perbandingan kitosan-Na-TPP yaitu 1:1 (F1), 3:2 (F2), dan 2:1 (F3). Nanoherbal hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan zetasizer nano untuk menentukan ukuran partikel dan potensial zeta serta spektroskopi infra merah (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nanoherbal F1 memiliki ukuran partikel yang memenuhi syarat sebagai nanopartikel (900,8 nm) dan memiliki potensial zeta sebesar +529,6 mV. Spektrum IR mendukung terjadinya nanopartikel herbal yang ditunjukkan oleh pergeseran bilangan gelombang vibrasi ulur gugus –OH (3297 cm-1 ke 3197 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk gugus –NH (1582 cm-1 ke 1557 cm-1), serta munculnya puncak vibrasi gugus fosfat pada bilangan gelombang 1071 cm-1.
向日葵是印度尼西亚最受欢迎的药物之一。乙醇提取物具有很强的抗氧化剂活性。提取物形式的剂型生物量低,因为水溶液含量低,对环境因素不稳定。解决这个问题的一个方法是将它重新规划到纳米粒子制剂中。该研究的目的是利用离子凝胶方法合成和对木材乙醇提取物的纳米草药和特性。以纳米粒子的形式提取的木质提取物,比较基他帕特-纳-纳-普特的1:1 (F1)、3:2 (F2)和2:1 (F3)。合成的纳米草药利用纳米泽塔西泽来确定泽塔和红外光谱的大小。研究表明,F1纳米草本植物的大小符合纳米粒子(nm为900.8),其潜在泽塔规模为+ 529.6 mV。红外光谱支持振动波带位——哦(3297 cm-1到3197 cm-1)、倾斜振子集——NH (1582 cm-1到1557 cm-1)以及磷酸化波峰在1071 cm1上的出现。
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引用次数: 0
EFEKTIVITAS ABU CANGKANG SAWIT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MINYAK GORENG CURAH DAN MINYAK GORENG KEMASAN 棕榈壳灰在提高散装油和食用油质量方面的效力
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v6i2.31074
Lidya Novita, Esthy Rahman Asih, Yuliana Arsil
Pemakaian minyak goreng berulang menyebabkan terjadinya oksidasi yang lebih tinggi pada minyak. Abu cangkang sawit dapat meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah karena bersifat adsorben. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan efektivitas abu cangkang sawit dalam meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah dari pemakaian berulang minyak goreng curah dan kemasan ditinjau dari parameter kualitas minyak goreng sesuai Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan minyak curah dan kemasan dengan 4 kali pemakaian pada penggorengan ikan lele. Minyak jelantah hasil pengulangan kemudian diperlakukan dengan abu cangkang sawit pada kondisi optimum yang diperoleh pada penelitian sebelumnya yaitu perendaman 20 g abu cangkang sawit selama 2 minggu dalam 50 mL minyak jelantah. Hasil dalam penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa efektivitas abu cangkang sawit tertinggi yaitu pada pengulangan pemakaian minyak yang kedua kali (P2). Abu cangkang sawit lebih direkomendasikan untuk peningkatan kualitas minyak jelantah yang berasal dari minyak goreng kemasan (MK P2). Efektivitas abu cangkang sawit tertinggi pada MK P2 untuk parameter warna adalah sebesar 35,56%, kadar air 40,19%, asam lemak bebas 55,50%, angka peroksida 40,17%. Efektivitas abu cangkang sawit menurun dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah pemakaian minyak goreng.
反复使用食用油会导致油中的高氧化。棕榈壳灰可以提高jelantah的耐久性。这项研究的目的确定了棕榈油灰在提高会油浓度方面的有效性,并根据印度尼西亚国家标准(SNI)对食用油质量参数进行了权衡。这项研究的方法是使用散装油,包装的方法是鲶鱼油的四倍。然后将重复产生的甲壳素油用在之前的研究中,将20克棕榈壳灰浸泡在50毫升的jelantah中2周。这项研究的结果是,棕榈壳灰在第二次上油时的作用最高(P2)。棕榈油灰更建议提高包装食用油(MK P2)所产生的jelantah油的质量。油棕榈壳灰在MK P2中最高的效力为355.6%,含水率为40.19%,自由脂肪酸为55.50%,过氧化氢为40.17%。油页岩灰的效力随着食用油的增加而降低。
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引用次数: 0
SKRINING FITOKIMIA, KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID TOTAL, DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TUMBUHAN Selaginella doederleinii 植物化学检测、总黄醇含量和二乙醇乙醇的活性
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v6i2.30904
Farida Dwi Oktavia, Suyatno Sutoyo
Selaginella doederleinii merupakan tumbuhan paku yang berasal dari China, namun telah   dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk melancarkan aliran darah, menghilangkan bengkak, antitoksik, antikanker, dan menghentikan pendarahan (hemostatis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan fitokimia, kandungan flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol tumbuhan S. doederleinii. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dan dihasilkan ekstrak etanol berupa padatan berwarna hijau gelap. Ekstrak padat dianalisis metabolit sekundernya menggunakan skrining fitokimia. Kadar flavonoid total ditentukan menggunakan spektroskopi dengan pereaksi aluminium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol S. doederleinii terdapat kandungan fenolik, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak etanol tumbuhan S. doederleinii sebesar 17,615 mg QE/g ekstrak. Sementara itu nilai IC50 pada uji aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 128,696 ppm, sehingga ekstrak etanol S. doerdeleinii mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dalam kategori sedang.
Selaginella doederleinii是一种原产于中国的蕨类植物,但在印度尼西亚种植。这些植物被社会用来促进血液循环、去除肿胀、抗癌、抗癌和止血。这项研究的目的是确定植物的化学成分、总黄酮的含量、doederleinii的乙醇的抗氧化剂活性。提取方法是用透明的方法进行的,并从深绿色固体中提取乙醇。他用植物化学筛选进行次级代谢分析的固体提取物。类黄酮的总水平是用氯化铝转发器来决定的。DPPH方法确定抗氧化剂活性。doederleinii .从植物化学中提取出微量醇、生物碱、髓磷脂、类固醇、类黄酮和单宁。醇醇醇总乙醇醇为17.615毫克QE/g提取物。同时,反氧化活性测试中的IC50值为128.696 ppm,因此乙醇- doerdeleinii的提取物具有中等类别的抗氧化剂活性。
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引用次数: 7
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Jurnal Riset Kimia
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