Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234406
N. Shkvorchenko
This paper represents a comparative study of cognitive and discursive contrasts in toxic political discourses in the United States and Ukraine. Toxicity is the perception of the behavior of a political figure that causes moral harm or discriminates against the addressee; it is characterized by radical trends in politicians’ and influencers’ worldviews to the right or left being the result of assigning the attribute "toxic" to representatives of opposing socio-political groups. Politicians’ utterances are toxic if they are aimed at destroying the beliefs and preferences of the opponent with harmful consequences for his/her personality or image. The study is based on videos of speeches delivered by American (Donald Trump, Sarah Palin, Rush Limbaugh, Glenn Beck, and Ann Coulter) and Ukrainian (Iryna Herashchenko, Oleh Liashko, Iryna Farion, Illia Kyva, and Oleksii Honcharenko) politicians labeled as "toxic" in the media. The paper is aimed at identifying common and distinctive means of verbal and nonverbal expression of toxicity in the speeches of American and Ukrainian politicians. The verbal markers of toxicity include the politicians’ explicit use of ideological, national, gender-related and other utterances that demean another person and discriminate against him/her. The nonverbal markers of toxicity encompass the manner of speaking (aggressive, loud, fast, screaming, hysterical, ostentatious, exaggerated) and his/her kinesics (tense movements and posture, clenched fists, impulsive gestures and head movements, exaggerated body movements and facial expressions, eyes, grimacing). The contrasting feature of the toxic speech behavior of American politicians is discriminating racist and sexist statements, which are conceptually related to the #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo movements and explicate ideological and gender-related toxic thematic zones. Toxic themes in Ukrainian politics ignore gender-related issues, but focus on the conflicting ideological national-patriotic block of concepts (“Ukraine above all”, “Ukraine is not Russia”, “colonial status”, “language issue”). The commonality of the political discourses of the United States and Ukraine is the aggressive-emotional type of toxic politicians, whose speech is characterized by confrontational tactics of accusations and insults of the opponent, as well as active involvement of impulsive gestures and head movements, exaggerated facial expressions and aggressive speech to kinesically enhance verbal toxicity.
{"title":"TOXIC POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE UNITED STATES AND UKRAINE: COGNITIVE AND DISCOURSIVE CONTRASTS","authors":"N. Shkvorchenko","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper represents a comparative study of cognitive and discursive contrasts in toxic political discourses in the United States and Ukraine. Toxicity is the perception of the behavior of a political figure that causes moral harm or discriminates against the addressee; it is characterized by radical trends in politicians’ and influencers’ worldviews to the right or left being the result of assigning the attribute \"toxic\" to representatives of opposing socio-political groups. Politicians’ utterances are toxic if they are aimed at destroying the beliefs and preferences of the opponent with harmful consequences for his/her personality or image. The study is based on videos of speeches delivered by American (Donald Trump, Sarah Palin, Rush Limbaugh, Glenn Beck, and Ann Coulter) and Ukrainian (Iryna Herashchenko, Oleh Liashko, Iryna Farion, Illia Kyva, and Oleksii Honcharenko) politicians labeled as \"toxic\" in the media. The paper is aimed at identifying common and distinctive means of verbal and nonverbal expression of toxicity in the speeches of American and Ukrainian politicians. The verbal markers of toxicity include the politicians’ explicit use of ideological, national, gender-related and other utterances that demean another person and discriminate against him/her. The nonverbal markers of toxicity encompass the manner of speaking (aggressive, loud, fast, screaming, hysterical, ostentatious, exaggerated) and his/her kinesics (tense movements and posture, clenched fists, impulsive gestures and head movements, exaggerated body movements and facial expressions, eyes, grimacing). The contrasting feature of the toxic speech behavior of American politicians is discriminating racist and sexist statements, which are conceptually related to the #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo movements and explicate ideological and gender-related toxic thematic zones. Toxic themes in Ukrainian politics ignore gender-related issues, but focus on the conflicting ideological national-patriotic block of concepts (“Ukraine above all”, “Ukraine is not Russia”, “colonial status”, “language issue”). The commonality of the political discourses of the United States and Ukraine is the aggressive-emotional type of toxic politicians, whose speech is characterized by confrontational tactics of accusations and insults of the opponent, as well as active involvement of impulsive gestures and head movements, exaggerated facial expressions and aggressive speech to kinesically enhance verbal toxicity.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41935929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234404
Yu. O. Tomchakovska
The article is devoted to the consideration of the main directions and tasks of modern discourse as a branch of linguistics. The term "discourse" is used in different meanings and is the subject of study in different scientific areas. The purpose of the article is to provide a brief overview of the main directions of discourse analysis and to outline the main tasks of discoursology as a branch of linguistics. Depending on the methodological orientation, researchers distinguish the following areas of discourse research: formal, functional (represented by semiotic and situational approaches) and activity-based. The opposition of personality-oriented and status-oriented discourse is relevant. In the first case, communicators who know each other well take part in communication, in the second case, communication is reduced to a dialogue between representatives of one or another social group. Personal discourse is represented by two main varieties – existential and everyday discourses. The peculiarity of everyday discourse is the desire to compress the transmitted information as much as possible, to reach a special abbreviated code of communication. Existential discourse is designed to find and experience essential meanings, here we are not talking about obvious things, but about the artistic and philosophical comprehension of the world. Status-oriented discourse is an institutional communication, i.e. speech interaction of representatives of social groups or institutions with each other, with people who realize their status and role opportunities within existing social institutions, the number of which is determined by the needs of society at a particular stage of its development. Among its varieties are political, administrative, legal, military, pedagogical, religious, mystical, medical, business, advertising, sports, scientific, stage and media types of institutional discourse. The researchers note that the list may be supplemented or modified. The key problems of discourse analysis remain the structure and stratification of discourse, the establishment of its features, units, categories, types; elucidation of ways of organizing various discursive invariants, development of methods and procedures of analysis and description of discourses.
{"title":"DISCOURSOLOGY: TRENDS AND TASKS (theoretical overview)","authors":"Yu. O. Tomchakovska","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234404","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of the main directions and tasks of modern discourse as a branch of linguistics. The term \"discourse\" is used in different meanings and is the subject of study in different scientific areas. The purpose of the article is to provide a brief overview of the main directions of discourse analysis and to outline the main tasks of discoursology as a branch of linguistics. Depending on the methodological orientation, researchers distinguish the following areas of discourse research: formal, functional (represented by semiotic and situational approaches) and activity-based. The opposition of personality-oriented and status-oriented discourse is relevant. In the first case, communicators who know each other well take part in communication, in the second case, communication is reduced to a dialogue between representatives of one or another social group. Personal discourse is represented by two main varieties – existential and everyday discourses. The peculiarity of everyday discourse is the desire to compress the transmitted information as much as possible, to reach a special abbreviated code of communication. Existential discourse is designed to find and experience essential meanings, here we are not talking about obvious things, but about the artistic and philosophical comprehension of the world. Status-oriented discourse is an institutional communication, i.e. speech interaction of representatives of social groups or institutions with each other, with people who realize their status and role opportunities within existing social institutions, the number of which is determined by the needs of society at a particular stage of its development. Among its varieties are political, administrative, legal, military, pedagogical, religious, mystical, medical, business, advertising, sports, scientific, stage and media types of institutional discourse. The researchers note that the list may be supplemented or modified. The key problems of discourse analysis remain the structure and stratification of discourse, the establishment of its features, units, categories, types; elucidation of ways of organizing various discursive invariants, development of methods and procedures of analysis and description of discourses.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47009788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234395
I. Dumchak, Iryna Zvarun
The article deals with the research of lexical transformations in the translation of Tony Morrison's novel "Song of Solomon". The main types of lexical transformations used in the translation from English to Ukrainian were highlighted. Also, it was proposed to define the term "translation transformations" based on the analysis of the views of various scholars on this issue. Three concepts are mentioned, according to which the term transformation is fixed. The multifaceted nature of the covered issue made it possible to give reasons for the use of lexical and semantic transformations and why transformations are useful for translators. The analysis was performed on the basis of a classification developed by J. Retsker. According to the famous researcher, there are seven types of transformations: concretization, differentiation, generalization, semantic development, antonymous translation, integral transformation and compensation of losses in the process of translation. Each of the types is analysed and examples of transformations in the process of translation of the work of art are presented. Despite the large number of works covering this issue, the problem of translating prose texts is relevant. There is a need to systematize and study the types of lexical and grammatical transformations, used in translating literary texts, in practice. The various scientists’ approaches to establishing the transformation types are analysed. It is revealed that due to differences in the syntactic, grammatical and morphological structures of the English and Ukrainian languages, lexical and grammatical transformations are widely used in translation. Lexical transformations are the deviations from direct vocabulary equivalents. The lexical transformations are mainly caused by the fact that the volume of the lexical units of the original language and the language of translation do not coincide. The concept of lexical transformations and their classification is defined. It is revealed that due to differences in the syntactic and morphological structures of the English and Ukrainian languages, lexical transformations are widely used in the translation. Among lexical transformations in the translation, the most common are generalization, concretization, compensation, antonymic translation.
{"title":"LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE TRANSLATION OF TONY MORRISON'S NOVEL \"SONG OF SOLOMON\"","authors":"I. Dumchak, Iryna Zvarun","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234395","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the research of lexical transformations in the translation of Tony Morrison's novel \"Song of Solomon\". The main types of lexical transformations used in the translation from English to Ukrainian were highlighted. Also, it was proposed to define the term \"translation transformations\" based on the analysis of the views of various scholars on this issue. Three concepts are mentioned, according to which the term transformation is fixed. The multifaceted nature of the covered issue made it possible to give reasons for the use of lexical and semantic transformations and why transformations are useful for translators. The analysis was performed on the basis of a classification developed by J. Retsker. According to the famous researcher, there are seven types of transformations: concretization, differentiation, generalization, semantic development, antonymous translation, integral transformation and compensation of losses in the process of translation. Each of the types is analysed and examples of transformations in the process of translation of the work of art are presented. Despite the large number of works covering this issue, the problem of translating prose texts is relevant. There is a need to systematize and study the types of lexical and grammatical transformations, used in translating literary texts, in practice. The various scientists’ approaches to establishing the transformation types are analysed. It is revealed that due to differences in the syntactic, grammatical and morphological structures of the English and Ukrainian languages, lexical and grammatical transformations are widely used in translation. Lexical transformations are the deviations from direct vocabulary equivalents. The lexical transformations are mainly caused by the fact that the volume of the lexical units of the original language and the language of translation do not coincide. The concept of lexical transformations and their classification is defined. It is revealed that due to differences in the syntactic and morphological structures of the English and Ukrainian languages, lexical transformations are widely used in the translation. Among lexical transformations in the translation, the most common are generalization, concretization, compensation, antonymic translation.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47114246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234405
O. Tomchakovskiy
The article is devoted to the study of the informational potential of the polycode dictionary entries in English learner’s lexicography. The communicative specificity of learner’s dictionaries consists in their targeting to a clear segment of the readership. These are non-native speakers of English, studying it as a foreign language and living outside the area of its functioning, and, therefore, outside the situational context. The features of users to whom learner’s dictionaries are addressed determine the content and presentation of lexicographic material, which is aimed primarily at expanding the vocabulary of the reader and, moreover, familiarizing him more closely with the culture of Englishspeaking society. The main task of a lexicographic article in an explanatory dictionary is to provide a certain amount of information necessary for the reader to adequately understand a particular word of interest. To solve this problem, compilers of dictionaries resort to using both typesetting and pictorial non-verbal communication means. A polycode lexicographic article is a combination of two definitions of the same sememe, which are made with signs of two different semiotic systems: symbolic (linguistic) and iconic (pictographic). The analysis of the informational potential of polycode articles in English learners’ dictionaries gives grounds to claim that the appearance of the pictographic component in any case optimizes the transmission and perception of information. In addition, the iconic message, as a rule, increases the amount of information conveyed by the verbal message (definition), firstly, by explaining the ontological characteristics of the structure, existence and functioning of the nominated referent in the world, and secondly, by creating clusters semantically and linguistically related lexical items. As a result, new quanta of information appear (absent in the definition) and the information itself is structured into some microsystems that permeate the macrosystem of the dictionary.
{"title":"INFORMATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE ENGLISH POLYCODE DICTIONARY ENTRIES","authors":"O. Tomchakovskiy","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234405","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the informational potential of the polycode dictionary entries in English learner’s lexicography. The communicative specificity of learner’s dictionaries consists in their targeting to a clear segment of the readership. These are non-native speakers of English, studying it as a foreign language and living outside the area of its functioning, and, therefore, outside the situational context. The features of users to whom learner’s dictionaries are addressed determine the content and presentation of lexicographic material, which is aimed primarily at expanding the vocabulary of the reader and, moreover, familiarizing him more closely with the culture of Englishspeaking society. The main task of a lexicographic article in an explanatory dictionary is to provide a certain amount of information necessary for the reader to adequately understand a particular word of interest. To solve this problem, compilers of dictionaries resort to using both typesetting and pictorial non-verbal communication means. A polycode lexicographic article is a combination of two definitions of the same sememe, which are made with signs of two different semiotic systems: symbolic (linguistic) and iconic (pictographic). The analysis of the informational potential of polycode articles in English learners’ dictionaries gives grounds to claim that the appearance of the pictographic component in any case optimizes the transmission and perception of information. In addition, the iconic message, as a rule, increases the amount of information conveyed by the verbal message (definition), firstly, by explaining the ontological characteristics of the structure, existence and functioning of the nominated referent in the world, and secondly, by creating clusters semantically and linguistically related lexical items. As a result, new quanta of information appear (absent in the definition) and the information itself is structured into some microsystems that permeate the macrosystem of the dictionary.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234398
N. Mikava
The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the verbalization of the concept HAIR in the English language. The purpose of the work is to examine the structure of the English concept HAIR as a fragment of the English-language picture of the world of the English-speaking society. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the language embodiment of the given concept in the naïve and professional varients of the picture of the world. The English concept HAIR is a fragment of the conceptual picture of the world, which is reflected in the language picture of the world, namely in its three fragments, verbalized by the constituents of the lexical-semantic groups, distinguished according to the somatic feature. They are head hair, facial hair, body hair. The analysis of the language and speech material showed that the structure of the English concept HAIR in the naive picture of the world is a three-component formation, which consists of a core, a nuclear zone and a periphery. The core includes such conceptual features as somatic and gender. The nuclear zone includes objective and various associative conceptual features, namely: age, thinness, protection, beauty, strength / success, value. The periphery of the concept consists of socially-identifying functions - professional, religious and social-group. The core of the concept HAIR in the professional picture of the world includes such conceptual features as somatic, gender, structure and development. The nuclear zone includes objective conceptual features, namely: health, age, protection. The periphery of the concept consists of professional, religious, and social-group social-identifying functions. Thus the periphery of the given concept in the two variants of the picture of the world is identical. The prospects for further research are seen in the consideration of the mentioned aspects of verbalization on the material of English artistic speech as well as professional discourse.
{"title":"LEXICAL MEANS OF VERBALIZATION OF THE ENGLISH CONCEPT HAIR","authors":"N. Mikava","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234398","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the verbalization of the concept HAIR in the English language. The purpose of the work is to examine the structure of the English concept HAIR as a fragment of the English-language picture of the world of the English-speaking society. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the language embodiment of the given concept in the naïve and professional varients of the picture of the world. The English concept HAIR is a fragment of the conceptual picture of the world, which is reflected in the language picture of the world, namely in its three fragments, verbalized by the constituents of the lexical-semantic groups, distinguished according to the somatic feature. They are head hair, facial hair, body hair. The analysis of the language and speech material showed that the structure of the English concept HAIR in the naive picture of the world is a three-component formation, which consists of a core, a nuclear zone and a periphery. The core includes such conceptual features as somatic and gender. The nuclear zone includes objective and various associative conceptual features, namely: age, thinness, protection, beauty, strength / success, value. The periphery of the concept consists of socially-identifying functions - professional, religious and social-group. The core of the concept HAIR in the professional picture of the world includes such conceptual features as somatic, gender, structure and development. The nuclear zone includes objective conceptual features, namely: health, age, protection. The periphery of the concept consists of professional, religious, and social-group social-identifying functions. Thus the periphery of the given concept in the two variants of the picture of the world is identical. The prospects for further research are seen in the consideration of the mentioned aspects of verbalization on the material of English artistic speech as well as professional discourse.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234394
N. Bytko
The given paper features the second part of the extended research focused on the investigation of the linguistic situation as a development factor of the English language lexicography in India. Thus, in this article the main parameters of the linguistic situation during the British Raj period, with English being the case study, are scanned. The diachronic approach used towards the analysis of the linguistic situation constituencies elicits certain stability of quantitative, qualitative and evaluative parameters as regards local languages in India and the pivotal changes as regards English. The English language quantitative parameter mirrors the fluctuation in demographic rate, national identity and professional occupancy of English speaking population in India during the Raj period. The qualitative parameter of linguistic situation being enriched by another Indo-European language, maintains its multilingual, heterogeneous and unbalanced features. The English language evaluative parameter reveals the main stages of the colonial language incorporation into the linguistic situation in the country. English in India goes through the perception as the language of traders and missionaries into its adoption as а means of education obtainment, social stability access and interaction mechanisms both with foreigners and citizenry of other multilingual country regions. Such position of English in colonial India prompts the alteration of its functional characteristics with political, pedagogical and lingua franca functions being the most essential. Their actualization is only feasible due to the flourish of lexicographic practice in colonial India. Thus, the English language serves the base for a number of glossaries, bilingual and explanatory dictionaries describing various lexical layers of English in India.
{"title":"LINGUISTIC SITUATION AS THE DEVELOPMENT FACTOR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEXICOGRAPHY IN INDIA: THE BRITISH RAJ PERIOD","authors":"N. Bytko","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234394","url":null,"abstract":"The given paper features the second part of the extended research focused on the investigation of the linguistic situation as a development factor of the English language lexicography in India. Thus, in this article the main parameters of the linguistic situation during the British Raj period, with English being the case study, are scanned. The diachronic approach used towards the analysis of the linguistic situation constituencies elicits certain stability of quantitative, qualitative and evaluative parameters as regards local languages in India and the pivotal changes as regards English. The English language quantitative parameter mirrors the fluctuation in demographic rate, national identity and professional occupancy of English speaking population in India during the Raj period. The qualitative parameter of linguistic situation being enriched by another Indo-European language, maintains its multilingual, heterogeneous and unbalanced features. The English language evaluative parameter reveals the main stages of the colonial language incorporation into the linguistic situation in the country. English in India goes through the perception as the language of traders and missionaries into its adoption as а means of education obtainment, social stability access and interaction mechanisms both with foreigners and citizenry of other multilingual country regions. Such position of English in colonial India prompts the alteration of its functional characteristics with political, pedagogical and lingua franca functions being the most essential. Their actualization is only feasible due to the flourish of lexicographic practice in colonial India. Thus, the English language serves the base for a number of glossaries, bilingual and explanatory dictionaries describing various lexical layers of English in India.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49421958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234396
O. Kulchytska, I. Malyshivska
The article highlights the role of world-building elements in the process of readers’ interpretation of poetic texts. According to Text World Theory (P. Werth, J. Gavins), elements that set temporal and spatial boundaries, specify objects and entities; elements that describe their qualities; and those that desceibe events, actions or states enable readers to construct their own text-worlds – mental representations of the discourse. This principle underpins our analysis of free verse poetry of Michael Swan, a contemporary British linguist and poet. His texts abound in references to objects, entities, spatial and temporal relationships in the world around us; often, they dominate in the verbal context of a poem. Such references are a characteristic feature of both narrative and metaphor-based poetry. World-building elements are perceived as especially foregrounded in the poems where no conclusion or attitude are explititly stated. There are the following types of world-builders in Michael Swan’s poems: units that denote God as the supreme being, persons, animals and birds, geographic objects, material objects, objects and phenomena in the world of nature, scientific objects and notions, phenomena of human spiritual life, temporal and spatial parameters. We also consider their attributes. Taken together, they illustrate Michael Swan’s general themes – the nature of reality and being, the conception of God, human beings in social and historical contexts, human psychology, human relationships with nature, art. Besides, Swan’s mimetic reflection of reality has a significant emotionl potential. A mini-experiment within the framework of this research shows that it is necessary to further develop students’ skills in inferential interpretation of poetry.
文章强调了世界建构要素在读者解读诗歌文本过程中的作用。根据文本世界理论(P. Werth, J. Gavins)，设定时间和空间边界的元素，指定对象和实体;描述它们品质的元素;而那些描述事件、行为或状态的文字则使读者能够构建自己的文本世界——话语的心理表征。这一原则支撑了我们对当代英国语言学家和诗人迈克尔·斯旺的自由诗的分析。他的作品大量涉及我们周围世界的物体、实体、空间和时间关系;通常，它们在诗歌的语言语境中占主导地位。这种指称是叙事诗和隐喻诗的特点。在诗歌中，没有明确的结论或态度，构建世界的元素被认为是特别突出的。斯旺诗歌中的世界建构者有以下几种类型:表示上帝为至高存在的单位、人、动物和鸟类、地理对象、物质对象、自然世界中的对象和现象、科学对象和概念、人类精神生活现象、时空参数。我们还考虑它们的属性。总的来说，它们说明了迈克尔·斯旺的一般主题——现实和存在的本质，上帝的概念，社会和历史背景下的人类，人类心理，人与自然的关系，艺术。此外，斯旺对现实的模仿反映具有显著的情感潜能。在本研究框架内的一个小型实验表明，进一步培养学生的诗歌推理能力是必要的。
{"title":"TEXT-WORLDS IN MICHAEL SWAN’S POETRY: A READER’S PERSPECTIVE","authors":"O. Kulchytska, I. Malyshivska","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234396","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the role of world-building elements in the process of readers’ interpretation of poetic texts. According to Text World Theory (P. Werth, J. Gavins), elements that set temporal and spatial boundaries, specify objects and entities; elements that describe their qualities; and those that desceibe events, actions or states enable readers to construct their own text-worlds – mental representations of the discourse. This principle underpins our analysis of free verse poetry of Michael Swan, a contemporary British linguist and poet. His texts abound in references to objects, entities, spatial and temporal relationships in the world around us; often, they dominate in the verbal context of a poem. Such references are a characteristic feature of both narrative and metaphor-based poetry. World-building elements are perceived as especially foregrounded in the poems where no conclusion or attitude are explititly stated. There are the following types of world-builders in Michael Swan’s poems: units that denote God as the supreme being, persons, animals and birds, geographic objects, material objects, objects and phenomena in the world of nature, scientific objects and notions, phenomena of human spiritual life, temporal and spatial parameters. We also consider their attributes. Taken together, they illustrate Michael Swan’s general themes – the nature of reality and being, the conception of God, human beings in social and historical contexts, human psychology, human relationships with nature, art. Besides, Swan’s mimetic reflection of reality has a significant emotionl potential. A mini-experiment within the framework of this research shows that it is necessary to further develop students’ skills in inferential interpretation of poetry.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234408
V.L. Kotenko
This paper aims to make a sketch in the investigation of the representation of the Catalan identity that is inextricably linked to FC Barcelona in the contemporary Spanish sports discourse from its linguistic perspective within the sociocultural premises. The corpus of the data we have analyzed is translated from the most important Spanish sports newspapers As, Marca, Mundo Deportivo and Sport in the range of 2012-2015, as well as from the books of publicist style, with a particular attention paid to some headlines of the articles to the Champions League Final, World Cup and UEFA Euro Cup. The methods we used are critical discourse analysis, linguisitic description with elements of sociolinguistic research. It was revealed that both newspapers and books of journalistic and artistic styles are filled with lexical units from Catalan language: from slogans up to toponyms, anthroponyms, or cultural realia. The lexical item lo catalán (“Catalan” and “Catalonia”) is incorporated into the broad range of speeches and written texts. The official status of this language is regularized in the Statute of FC Barcelona. The incorporation of the Catalan language is manifested in the discourse of players and coaches, Statutes of FC Barcelona, slogans, toponyms, anthroponyms and cultural realia. We also analyzed the role of deictic markers as an expressive dominant of the texts that constitute the fan-position of the above-mentioned sports newspapers. It was exposed the clear presence of two units of discourse madridismo and barcelonismo that have sociocultural meaning to define the tendency of the rivalry between two sports clubs that goes beyond the mere sport. Sarcasm, irony, and humor are the main communicative strategies of their construction in the contemporary Spanish sports discourse.
{"title":"CREAM MERINGUES VS A DIVINE T-SHIRT: CATALAN IDENTITY IN THE SPANISH SPORTS DISCOURSE","authors":"V.L. Kotenko","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to make a sketch in the investigation of the representation of the Catalan identity that is inextricably linked to FC Barcelona in the contemporary Spanish sports discourse from its linguistic perspective within the sociocultural premises. The corpus of the data we have analyzed is translated from the most important Spanish sports newspapers As, Marca, Mundo Deportivo and Sport in the range of 2012-2015, as well as from the books of publicist style, with a particular attention paid to some headlines of the articles to the Champions League Final, World Cup and UEFA Euro Cup. The methods we used are critical discourse analysis, linguisitic description with elements of sociolinguistic research. It was revealed that both newspapers and books of journalistic and artistic styles are filled with lexical units from Catalan language: from slogans up to toponyms, anthroponyms, or cultural realia. The lexical item lo catalán (“Catalan” and “Catalonia”) is incorporated into the broad range of speeches and written texts. The official status of this language is regularized in the Statute of FC Barcelona. The incorporation of the Catalan language is manifested in the discourse of players and coaches, Statutes of FC Barcelona, slogans, toponyms, anthroponyms and cultural realia. We also analyzed the role of deictic markers as an expressive dominant of the texts that constitute the fan-position of the above-mentioned sports newspapers. It was exposed the clear presence of two units of discourse madridismo and barcelonismo that have sociocultural meaning to define the tendency of the rivalry between two sports clubs that goes beyond the mere sport. Sarcasm, irony, and humor are the main communicative strategies of their construction in the contemporary Spanish sports discourse.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47678809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234393
Yakiv Bystrov, Lidia Teslyuk
This article highlights the parameters of figurative conceptualization of the set of knowledge about the world and reveals cognitive specifics of metaphorical conceptualization of the CONTAINER image-schema with IN-OUT orientation in the English literary text. The article proves that the conceptualization process within the CONTAINER image-schema is based on Langacker’s "viewing metaphor", which is associated with human experience, based on our ability to see and perceive objects in our field of view. Metaphorical extensions of the CONTAINER image-schema conceptualize different spheres of reality, because they establish the relationship between the source domain (the concept based on human physical experience) and the target domain (abstract concept). In Doris Lessing's short story "To Room Nineteen", the authors found conceptual metaphors structured by the CONTAINER image-schema with the corresponding domains, which are verbalized by prepositions in, inside, into, out, adjectives inner, filled, full, etc. Dominant conceptual domains were selected: HOUSE, ROOM, GARDEN, MARRIAGE, BODY, HOTEL ROOM. The method of interpretive analysis was used to determine that the conceptual metaphors HOUSE is PRISON, MARRIAGE is PRISON and BODY is PRISON are involved in the formation of metaphors LIFE is PRISON, DEATH is LIBERATION, which are also structured by the CONTAINER image-schema. The relationships between the target domains HOUSE, MARRIAGE, BODY and the source domain PRISON are established by the following words and phrases: "freedom", "living out prison sentence", "prisoner", "never being free", "she felt even more caged”, “forbade”, “barred”. In addition, the death of the main character of the short story is described as a process of drifting into a dark river. As a result, according to the metaphor DEATH is LIBERATION, the image of the river in the story becomes a symbol of freedom. Thus, the conceptual metaphors reveal the problem of a woman sacrificing her own identity for the sake of family life. On the example of the main character of the short story, we can see that such a problem leads to suicide.
{"title":"REPRESENTATION OF IMAGE-SCHEME CONTAINER WITH IN-OUT ORIENTATION IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE FICTIONAL TEXT","authors":"Yakiv Bystrov, Lidia Teslyuk","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234393","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the parameters of figurative conceptualization of the set of knowledge about the world and reveals cognitive specifics of metaphorical conceptualization of the CONTAINER image-schema with IN-OUT orientation in the English literary text. The article proves that the conceptualization process within the CONTAINER image-schema is based on Langacker’s \"viewing metaphor\", which is associated with human experience, based on our ability to see and perceive objects in our field of view. Metaphorical extensions of the CONTAINER image-schema conceptualize different spheres of reality, because they establish the relationship between the source domain (the concept based on human physical experience) and the target domain (abstract concept). In Doris Lessing's short story \"To Room Nineteen\", the authors found conceptual metaphors structured by the CONTAINER image-schema with the corresponding domains, which are verbalized by prepositions in, inside, into, out, adjectives inner, filled, full, etc. Dominant conceptual domains were selected: HOUSE, ROOM, GARDEN, MARRIAGE, BODY, HOTEL ROOM. The method of interpretive analysis was used to determine that the conceptual metaphors HOUSE is PRISON, MARRIAGE is PRISON and BODY is PRISON are involved in the formation of metaphors LIFE is PRISON, DEATH is LIBERATION, which are also structured by the CONTAINER image-schema. The relationships between the target domains HOUSE, MARRIAGE, BODY and the source domain PRISON are established by the following words and phrases: \"freedom\", \"living out prison sentence\", \"prisoner\", \"never being free\", \"she felt even more caged”, “forbade”, “barred”. In addition, the death of the main character of the short story is described as a process of drifting into a dark river. As a result, according to the metaphor DEATH is LIBERATION, the image of the river in the story becomes a symbol of freedom. Thus, the conceptual metaphors reveal the problem of a woman sacrificing her own identity for the sake of family life. On the example of the main character of the short story, we can see that such a problem leads to suicide.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234410
V.I. Silantyeva, O.A. Andreichykova
The article examines the signs of devaluation of humanism in modern society in the context of multicultural thinking (English - Japanese). The objects of research are the novels of the Nobel (2017) and Booker (1989) Prize writer Kazuo Ishiguro - The Rest of the Day and Don't Let Me Go. In The Rest of the Day, an English writer of Japanese descent inherits and develops the tradition of the English novel, but at the same time synthesizes the peculiarities of the English mentality with the principles of honor and service in the Bushido samurai code. The subtle irony associated with the parallel "code of honor of the English butler and the Japanese samurai," according to the authors of the article, largely explains the logic of the plot of the work. The article also notes that Kazuo Ishiguro managed to reflect the deep commonality of postcolonial Englishness with the refined Japanese perception of being and duty. Although the author himself in his interviews and comments often insists that he remembers almost nothing about Japan and that he is interested in writing on universal topics, this practically always has a shocking effect in his novels. The novel Don't Let Me Go helps to understand that the peculiarity of this work is the proclamation of humanism as one of the main values of mankind at any time and under any conditions. It is noted that this idea is manifested in a conflict with the modern interpretation of the concept. Humanistic values in the novel are also revealed in the inner thoughts of the heroine, the relationship of the heroes, the actions of the heroes, and the author, even in a non-standard anti-utopian situation of ideals, ready to reflect on the moral foundations without which human life is unthinkable. In addition, the motive of man's detachment from his roots, which is very characteristic of Japanese culture, is projected on the modern European vision of the problem.
{"title":"SOME FEATURES OF THE NOVEL FORM OF KADZUO ISHIGURO (REMAINING OF THE DAY, DON'T LET ME GO)","authors":"V.I. Silantyeva, O.A. Andreichykova","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2021.1(46).234410","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the signs of devaluation of humanism in modern society in the context of multicultural thinking (English - Japanese). The objects of research are the novels of the Nobel (2017) and Booker (1989) Prize writer Kazuo Ishiguro - The Rest of the Day and Don't Let Me Go. In The Rest of the Day, an English writer of Japanese descent inherits and develops the tradition of the English novel, but at the same time synthesizes the peculiarities of the English mentality with the principles of honor and service in the Bushido samurai code. The subtle irony associated with the parallel \"code of honor of the English butler and the Japanese samurai,\" according to the authors of the article, largely explains the logic of the plot of the work. The article also notes that Kazuo Ishiguro managed to reflect the deep commonality of postcolonial Englishness with the refined Japanese perception of being and duty. Although the author himself in his interviews and comments often insists that he remembers almost nothing about Japan and that he is interested in writing on universal topics, this practically always has a shocking effect in his novels. The novel Don't Let Me Go helps to understand that the peculiarity of this work is the proclamation of humanism as one of the main values of mankind at any time and under any conditions. It is noted that this idea is manifested in a conflict with the modern interpretation of the concept. Humanistic values in the novel are also revealed in the inner thoughts of the heroine, the relationship of the heroes, the actions of the heroes, and the author, even in a non-standard anti-utopian situation of ideals, ready to reflect on the moral foundations without which human life is unthinkable. In addition, the motive of man's detachment from his roots, which is very characteristic of Japanese culture, is projected on the modern European vision of the problem.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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