Open Ceramics最新文献

{"title":"High-resolution tomographic analysis of microstructure and porosity in mock-ups of ancient-inspired mosaics","authors":"Neva M.E. Stucchi ,&nbsp;Gianluca Iori ,&nbsp;Philipp Hans ,&nbsp;Andrea Vavasori ,&nbsp;Giulia Franceschin ,&nbsp;Arianna Traviglia","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the use of Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography (SXCT) to study Roman mosaic mock-ups, focusing on the three-dimensional distribution of material density, cracks, and stress-strain interactions across layers. Three samples were analysed: one of stone <em>tesserae</em> and two of glass <em>tesserae</em>. High-resolution SXCT scans, using polychromatic radiation at X-ray energies above 70 keV, enabled non-invasive, microscale examination of cracks and assessment of how composition influences crack development at interfaces. Digital reconstruction and phase contrast analysis distinguished cracks from pores, revealing microstructural features and enabling quantification of pore volumes and porosity variations within <em>strata</em>. The results showed that stone <em>tesserae</em> induced more extensive cracking in the <em>Supra Nucleus stratum</em> than glass <em>tesserae</em>. These findings enhance understanding of internal microstructure and stress behaviour in mosaics, providing a basis for developing appropriate conservation strategies. Quantifying fracture dimensions enables conservators to determine the optimal viscosity and formulation of consolidants for effective penetration and stabilization, while insights on compaction and tesserae surface quality inform the design of re-adhesion and cleaning protocols that enhance cohesion and minimize future detachment. Together, these results show how microscale analysis can guide material selection and treatment strategies, ultimately supporting more durable repairs and the long-term preservation of mosaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal behavior of geopolymer under a flame troch exceeding 1600 °C: thermal transfer, structural and microstructural evolutions","authors":"Ouamara Lila,&nbsp;Gharzouni Ameni,&nbsp;Rivaud Geoffroy,&nbsp;Boisserie Baptiste,&nbsp;Duport Patrice,&nbsp;Denoirjean Alain,&nbsp;Rossignol Sylvie","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geopolymers are eco-friendly materials with significant potential for applications requiring high resistance to extreme temperatures. This study focuses on the thermal performance and reduction of heat transfer time in geopolymers during torch flame thermal treatment. The innovation lies in developing a formulation and design of geopolymers capable of withstanding temperatures up to 1600 °C. This constitutes a highly original contribution, as very few studies have investigated geopolymer materials at such high temperatures. In addition, the study integrates the valorization of excavated clays as precursors in the synthesis of these geopolymers. Indeed, the geopolymers are formulated using metakaolin, Callovo–Oxfordian argillite, additives and alkaline silicate solutions. Torch flame (oxygen/acetylene) tests are conducted on samples subjected to direct fire exposure at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C, while a thermometer on the non-exposed surface monitors temperature variations. The study reveals that a minimum thickness of 30 mm, combined with barium-based additives, is required to enhance thermal resistance. This behavior is attributed to the mineralogy changes occurring with heating process including the formation of high-temperature crystalline phases, including leucite, cristobalite, and hexacelsian. These findings highlight the strong potential of geopolymers for high-temperature protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian experimental design for the synthesis of doped-ye'elimite","authors":"Yassine El Khessaimi ,&nbsp;Maria Zapata ,&nbsp;Youssef El Hafiane ,&nbsp;Koichiro Fukuda ,&nbsp;Agnès Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on ye'elimite, a versatile mineral compound of low carbon sulfo-aluminate cements. While stoichiometric ye'elimite typically exhibits orthorhombic symmetry, the introduction of foreign ions, especially iron, stabilizes a pseudocubic symmetry. This research advances the field by synthesizing highly pure cubic ye'elimite doped with iron and sodium, a unique combination not extensively explored. The study integrates Bayesian optimization to systematically enhance the purity of doped ye'elimite. The results demonstrate an impressive 83 wt.% phase purity achieved with optimal fractions of Ca_3.6Na_0.4Al_5.65Fe_0.35SO₁₆ after only 16 experimental iterations, highlighting the effectiveness of Bayesian optimization in streamlining the synthesis process of highly pure materials with reduced experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ni-Cu substitution and uneven element content on electrical properties of high entropy oxides","authors":"Daria Pankratova ,&nbsp;Khabib Yusupov ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Silvia Mauri ,&nbsp;Paolo Moras ,&nbsp;Alberto Vomiero","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy oxides (HEOs) are of great interest for heat conversion due to their promising electrical and thermal properties. In this research, we aim to obtain single-phase HEO with the chemical composition Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni-O, with the unequal at. % of metals, via Solid-State Reaction (SSR), and substitute Ni with Cu. The samples were sintered at 1000 °C for 20 – 35 h. For the samples with Ni, two main phases were formed: rock salt-structured Fm-3m and spinel-structured Fd-3m. As for the material with Cu, single-phase material was formed with the spinel-crystal structure Fd-3m. Obtained samples exhibit high values of the Seebeck coefficient (330 μV/K at 573 K for the sample with Ni that was synthesized for 35 h and 120 μV/K at 573 K for the sample with Cu) and electrical conductivity (4.58 S/cm at 1073 K for the single-phased sample with Cu). These results indicate that these materials can be used as highly efficient semiconductor high-entropy alloys. Further optimization of the SSR is needed to produce a single-phase material with Ni.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired synthesis and characterization of sodium-doped ZnO nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity assay","authors":"Ali Hussein Lafta ,&nbsp;Geroen Corneliccen ,&nbsp;Mehran Golestanian ,&nbsp;Mansour Kha","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel and particular features of nanoparticles have attracted scientists towards medical, optic, computer, and pharmacy applications. Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) made from various elements. The doping elements together can enhance or reduce their particular features. Biosynthesis of ZnO and Na-doped ZnO nanoparticles was done using <em>Zingiber officinale</em>. The resulting ZnO and Na-doped ZnO NPs were characterized by FESEM-EDAX and XRD. The size of ZnO spherical NPs is randomly in the range of 40 to 80 nm. Na-doped ZnO NPs have spherical shapes. The size of spherical NPs and the accumulation areas of Na-doped ZnO are randomly in the range of 40 to 199 nm. This increase in size and state of agglomerate is due to the large rNa compared to rZn. The photoluminescence spectrum showed that doped ZnO NPs have a significant emission band at wavelengths of 327 nm and 332 nm. The doping causes a shift from 324 nm to 327 nm. The MTT test was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of ZnO and Na-doped ZnO NPs. <em>The</em> ZnO and Na-doped ZnO NPs showed cytotoxicity effect on MCF7 cell lines as <em>determined</em> by the IC₅₀ values <em>60 and 67</em> µg/mL<em>, respectively,</em> on MCF7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CaO/SiC(O) nanocomposites for CO2 capture at higher temperatures: Synthesis, characterization, and initial performance studies","authors":"Sarabjeet Kaur ,&nbsp;Kurosch Rezwan ,&nbsp;Michaela Wilhelm","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the synthesis and characterization of CaO/SiC(O) nanocomposites via chemical modification of allylhydridopolycarbosilane (SMP) using two calcium precursors: calcium acetylacetonate (CaAcac) and calcium hydroxide (CaOH). ATR-FTIR analysis showed that CaAcac chemically interacts with SMP, promoting hydrosilylation and extensive cross-linking, while CaOH showed no interaction. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher than expected ceramic yields for CaAcac-modified SMP samples, whereas CaOH-modified SMP samples matched theoretical values. XRD and TEM results showed that CaAcac leads to mostly amorphous ceramics, while CaOH facilitated CaO crystallization at 600 °C. The nanocomposites captured 2–5 wt% CO₂ at 500 °C, which is comparable to the uptake of pure CaO derived from CaCO₃ due to their low CaO content (11–15 %). However, only the amorphous CaAcac modified nanocomposite can release the absorbed CO₂ at 500 °C in larger amounts of 66 wt%. CaAcac-modified SMP nanocomposites thus show a higher potential for CO₂ capture and release applications at moderate temperatures of 500 °C compared to CaOH-modified nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of alumina 10 vol% zirconia composites — The role of alumina starting powders","authors":"Simon Keller,&nbsp;Bettina Osswald,&nbsp;Frank Kern","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their high strength, hardness and abrasion resistance alumina zirconia composites (ZTA) are well established materials for mechanical engineering and biomedical applications. While the basic material concept is simple, the effects of changes in raw materials are insufficiently investigated. In this study five different submicron alumina powders are combined with 10 vol% of an unstabilized zirconia powder. Samples are consolidated by hot pressing at 1475–1600°C and investigated with respect to microstructure, mechanical properties and phase composition. Adaptation of sintering parameter allows to manufacture ZTA of acceptable quality from all starting powders. Alumina powders of higher purity help to retain a well dispersed and stable microstructure at higher sintering temperatures while in ZTA from alumina powders of lower purity segregation and grain growth is observed at high sintering temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of LLZNO & LLZTO: Insights into the impact of different lithium precursors on properties","authors":"Chengjian Li ,&nbsp;Frank Kern ,&nbsp;Lianmeng Liu ,&nbsp;Christopher Parr ,&nbsp;Andreas Börger ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Garnet-type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries due to its high ionic conductivity and excellent thermal stability. However, production of high performance LLZO remains constrained by the reliance on high-purity reagents and complex synthesis routes. This study presents a cost-effective strategy to prepare high-performance Ta- and Nb-doped LLZO using commercially sourced raw materials via conventional solid-state reaction. Two lithium precursors, Li₂CO₃ and LiOH·H₂O, were systematically compared to evaluate their impacts on formation and performances of LLZO. LiOH-derived powders showed higher phase purity and finer morphology, while Li₂CO₃-derived powders offered better processability. While the LLZNO-LOH sample achieved 94.4% relative density and 0.78 × 10⁻³ S/cm conductivity, LLZTO-LCO also reached 0.75 × 10⁻³ S/cm with a relative density of 94.1%. All sintered samples exhibited phase-pure cubic garnet structures. These findings demonstrate the industrial feasibility of LLZO production, paving the way for its practical deployment in next-generation solid-state batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic, morphological, magnetic and optical properties of nano cobalt ferrite synthesized by hydrothermal method over different synthesis temperature","authors":"Afia Yasmin ,&nbsp;Bristy Biswas ,&nbsp;Md. Lutfor Rahman ,&nbsp;Juliya Khanam ,&nbsp;Rabeya jahan Rakhi ,&nbsp;Mahmuda Hakim ,&nbsp;Md. Sahadat Hossain ,&nbsp;Firoz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Israt Jahan Lithi ,&nbsp;Nahid Sharmin ,&nbsp;Md. Farid Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CoFe₂O₄ was synthesized at 150 °C, 180 °C, and 210 °C temperatures using hydrothermal method to find the effect on its structural, magnetic, electric, and optical properties. The saturation magnetization, coercivity and magnetic anisotropy was found using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), ranging from 50.36 to 53.66 emu/g. XRD (X-ray Diffraction Analysis) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was used for structural analysis verifying the spinel ferrite structure with a single phase. The crystalline size and lattice strain was found using Size-Strain Plot (SSP) and Debye-Scherrer (D-S) method which proved that as the synthesis temperature increased, the crystallite size also increased. The crystalline size ranges from 39.40 to 82.24 nm as observed by XRD. SEM analysis found the crystal size range to be from 9 to 12 nm. It was found that the optimum temperature to synthesize cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are at 180 °C for sample H2 with a crystal size of 82.24 nm and band gap energy of 2.60 eV. The M_s value was determined to be 50.36 emu/g for H2 sample with R_s value of 0.31.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the efficiency of using multilayer CrN/MoN ceramic coatings for protection against hydrogen absorption and exposure to aggressive environments","authors":"Ye.A. Kenzhin ,&nbsp;D.I. Shlimas ,&nbsp;A.M. Zikirina ,&nbsp;A.L. Kozlovskiy","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2025.100872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this study is to determine the prospects for using multilayer CrN/MoN ceramic coatings as protective sacrificial coatings providing increased resistance of steels to the complex destructive effects of hydrogen and aggressive environments due to the synergistic effect of alternating nitride layers and the formation of a dense, defect-resistant structure with highly effective diffusion barriers that restrain the diffusion of atomic hydrogen deep into the materials. The influence of hydrogenation processes on the wear and corrosion of the coating surface was determined using the scanning electron microscopy method, which was used to visualize surface defects formed as a result of external influences. Based on the data obtained, an analysis of the resistance of the coatings to degradation was conducted, and the role of the coatings in restraining destruction to wear and corrosion processes was determined. Moreover, it was found that increasing the number of layers from 4 to 20 inhibits degradation of strength properties by more than 2.2 times. Such changes in coating hardness and wear resistance are due to the barrier effect associated with the increased number of layers in the coating, which inhibits hydrogen diffusion into the coating. Tests of the resistance of samples after hydrogenation to an aggressive environment showed that the decrease in resistance to aggressive environments for coatings subjected to hydrogenation is most pronounced for samples subjected to hydrogenation for 100 h. In this case, the reduction in wear resistance (friction coefficient) is more than 1.5 to 2 times for coating samples subjected to hydrogenation compared to the original samples. According to an assessment of changes in the adhesive strength of coating samples after exposure to an aggressive environment, it was found that in the case of the original samples (not subjected to hydrogenation), an increase in the number of layers from 4 to 20 leads to a decrease in surface delamination from 1.51% to 0.95%. Moreover, for samples subjected to hydrogenation for 100 h, in the case of 4-layer coatings, the change in adhesion strength is more than 11.4%, and in the case of 20-layer coatings, the decrease in adhesion strength is approximately 6.9%, which is more than 1.5 times lower. The novelty of the study lies in determining the role of variation in the number of layers on resistance to degradation processes caused by hydrogenation and subsequent exposure to an aggressive environment, as well as determining the mechanisms of restraint due to variation in the number of layers and the barrier effects they create, which slow down the degradation processes of mechanical and strength properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}