International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献_第8页

Drilled steel assessment using vegetable-based nanofluids: Thermal infrared response evolution 用植物基纳米流体评价钻孔钢：热红外响应演化

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110525

J.J. Jiménez-Galea , A.I. Gómez-Merino

In machining processes such as drilling, effective thermal management is crucial for maintaining tool life, dimensional precision, and energy efficiency. Thermal diffusivity reveals how quickly the heat generated by the drill bit is transferred between the steel and the nanofluid film. Thermal properties are often influenced by the internal microstructure of the materials. In this work, a non-destructive method for estimating the thermal diffusivity of composite materials during drilling operations was proposed. The system comprised a steel plate with a cutting fluid layer on top. This approach entailed the integration of infrared thermography (IRT) with a mathematical model predicated on the logarithm of the temperature profile. The performance of dry drilling was then compared with that of two silica fumed/coconut oil-based nanofluids and the mineral Sinorcut cutting oil (SCO). To elucidate the findings of the thermal diffusivity experiments in relation to the microstructure of the nanofluids, an evaluation of the flow behavior of these two nanofluids was conducted. In view of the gel-like consistency exhibited by the two colloids, the influence of shear rate and temperature in steady state and oscillatory shear was evaluated. Furthermore, the thermal diffusivities and effusivities of the composite materials were estimated by using a bilayer composite model, incorporating the experimental values of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity for each component. These results were consistent with the previously estimated experimental values derived from IRT.

在钻孔等机械加工过程中，有效的热管理对于保持刀具寿命、尺寸精度和能源效率至关重要。热扩散率揭示了钻头产生的热量在钢和纳米流体薄膜之间传递的速度。热性能通常受材料内部微观结构的影响。本文提出了一种估算钻井过程中复合材料热扩散系数的非破坏性方法。该系统由一个钢板组成，上面有一个切削液层。这种方法需要将红外热像仪（IRT）与基于温度剖面对数的数学模型相结合。然后将两种二氧化硅气相/椰子油基纳米流体和矿物Sinorcut切削油（SCO）的干式钻井性能进行了比较。为了阐明热扩散率实验结果与纳米流体微观结构的关系，对这两种纳米流体的流动行为进行了评价。考虑到两种胶体具有凝胶状的黏稠度，对稳态剪切和振荡剪切下剪切速率和温度的影响进行了评价。此外，结合各组分的导热系数和比热容的实验值，利用双层复合模型估算了复合材料的热扩散系数和热渗透系数。这些结果与先前由IRT得出的估计实验值一致。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment of thermo-elastic-fluid coupling model of with considering structural thermal expansion and lubricating performances study of air foil thrust bearing 建立了考虑结构热膨胀的空气箔型推力轴承热弹流耦合模型及润滑性能研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110633

Shuang-min Li, Yang Wu, Cong-peng Shao, Qi An

This paper investigates air foil thrust bearings of circumferentially distributed bumps, employing non-isothermal Reynolds equation and 3D energy equation to describe the pressure distribution, thickness distribution, and temperature distribution of the air film, respectively. A 3D thermo-elastic-fluid coupling model of AFTBs is established using elasticity theory and the finite element method. This model comprehensively accounts for thermal expansion of the foil structures and thrust disc, centrifugal deformation of the rotor-thrust disc, heat transfer between bearing structures, and thermal resistance of the air gap in the contact areas. The reliability of the theoretical model is verified by comparing numerical results with experimental results. Furthermore, the results predicted in this paper are consistent with those obtained from existing THD models in the literature. The results indicate that the TEHD model is more precise than THD model when the initial clearance decreases and rotational speed increases. On this basis, a specific example is studied and obtains the air film pressure, air film thickness, air film temperature distributions, and deformation and temperature distribution of structures considering structural thermal expansion. The two TEHD models that considers structural thermal expansion and ignores structural thermal expansion are compared by analyzing the effects of rotational speed and load on the lubricating performances of the bearing. Finally, the influences of foils structural parameters on the load capacity and the maximum temperature of all structures are also investigated to provide practical engineering reference value for bearing design.

采用非等温雷诺方程和三维能量方程分别描述气膜的压力分布、厚度分布和温度分布，研究了周向分布凸起的空气箔型止推轴承。利用弹性力学理论和有限元方法，建立了AFTBs的三维热弹流耦合模型。该模型综合考虑了箔片结构与推力盘的热膨胀、转子-推力盘的离心变形、轴承结构之间的传热以及接触区域气隙的热阻。通过与实验结果的比较，验证了理论模型的可靠性。此外，本文的预测结果与文献中已有的THD模型的预测结果一致。结果表明，当初始间隙减小、转速增大时，TEHD模型比THD模型精度更高。在此基础上，通过具体算例进行了研究，得到了考虑结构热膨胀的结构的气膜压力、气膜厚度、气膜温度分布和变形温度分布。通过分析转速和载荷对轴承润滑性能的影响，比较了考虑结构热膨胀和忽略结构热膨胀的两种TEHD模型。最后，研究了箔片结构参数对各结构承载能力和最高温度的影响，为轴承设计提供了实际的工程参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

Oscillation characteristics of cooling system with macro- and microchannel evaporators 大、微通道蒸发器冷却系统振荡特性研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110662

Qi Jin , Fang Wang , Jia-yi Zheng , Si-yu Liu

This study investigated the dynamics of a pumped liquid cycle system, highlighting the impact of integrating a microchannel evaporator alongside macro-channel components. Without a microchannel evaporator in the system, the pressure drop in the macro-channel evaporator exhibit some variation but remain relatively stable. However, the integration of microchannels induces periodic oscillations in mass flow rate and pressure drops even without active heating. Detailed investigations under various operating conditions reveal the oscillation characteristics. Decreasing pump speed results in reduced amplitude of mass flow rate oscillations, while their frequency increases, indicating more rapid variations. For instance, when

Q_{macro}

= 150 W,

Q_{micro}

= 0 W, as the speed decreases from 450 rpm to 250 rpm, the oscillation amplitude of wall temperature decreases from 1.51 °C to 1.39 °C and the frequency increases from 0.33 Hz to 0.44 Hz. The frequency of macro-channel pressure drop oscillations increases at lower pump speeds. Similar trends are observed in microchannel pressure drop oscillations, with amplitude tending to decrease as pump speed decreases and higher pump speeds resulting in larger amplitudes. This study highlights the system's sensitivity to the existence of the microchannel evaporator. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimization and control of pumped liquid cycle, contributing to enhanced performance and efficiency.

本研究调查了泵送液体循环系统的动力学，强调了将微通道蒸发器与宏通道组件集成在一起的影响。当系统中没有微通道蒸发器时，大通道蒸发器的压降会发生一定的变化，但保持相对稳定。然而，即使没有主动加热，微通道的集成也会引起质量流量和压降的周期性振荡。在各种工作条件下的详细研究揭示了振荡特性。泵转速降低，质量流量振荡幅度减小，频率增加，变化速度加快。例如，当Qmacro = 150 W, Qmicro = 0 W时，随着转速从450转/分降低到250转/分，壁面温度的振荡幅度从1.51°C减小到1.39°C，频率从0.33 Hz增加到0.44 Hz。泵转速越低，宏观通道压降振荡频率越高。在微通道压降振荡中也观察到类似的趋势，随着泵速的降低，振幅趋于减小，泵速越高，振幅越大。该研究突出了系统对微通道蒸发器存在的敏感性。这些发现为泵送液循环的优化和控制提供了有价值的见解，有助于提高性能和效率。

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引用次数: 0

Staggered counterflow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate based on nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer performance 基于纳米流体的交错逆流矩形微通道液冷板增强传热性能

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110651

Zhengchao Yang , Yu Wang , Xiaolei Yuan , Xiaotong Ding , Guang Yang , Xuejing Yang , Qipeng Li

This work innovatively proposes the integration of TiO₂/H₂O nanofluids with a staggered counter-flow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate, establishing a synergistic cooling mechanism that enhances heat transfer efficiency while minimizing flow resistance. Numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to systematically evaluate the effects of nanoparticle type, volume concentration (1–5 vol%), inlet flow velocity (0.3–0.7 m/s), and initial temperature (31–39 °C) on the thermo-hydraulic performance of the cooling plate. Results indicate that among the nanofluids tested, TiO₂ achieved the most significant heat transfer enhancement, with its Nusselt number (Nu) increasing by 16.6 % compared to pure water at 5 vol%. Although higher nanoparticle concentrations notably increased flow resistance, raising the inlet velocity improved heat transfer (up to 76.6 % Nu increase) at the expense of a higher-pressure drop. Using the Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM), optimal operating conditions (1 vol%, 0.511 m/s, 34.6 °C) were identified, yielding a 31.98 % increase in Nu under low flow resistance constraints. Experimental validation showed that at 0.6 m/s and 1 vol% TiO₂/H₂O nanofluid, the contact surface temperature was reduced by 4.89 % compared to pure water, with a maximum Nu improvement of 32.86 %. Furthermore, a new Nu correlation was proposed and validated against experimental data, model predictions, and results from published literature. These findings provide a practical and efficient cooling solution for high-power electronic devices with stringent thermal management requirements, offering valuable insights for both academic research and engineering applications.

本工作创新性地提出将TiO2/H2O纳米流体与交错逆流矩形微通道液冷板集成，建立协同冷却机制，在提高换热效率的同时最小化流动阻力。通过数值模拟和实验，系统评价了纳米颗粒类型、体积浓度（1 ~ 5 vol%）、入口流速（0.3 ~ 0.7 m/s）和初始温度（31 ~ 39℃）对冷却板热工性能的影响。结果表明，在所测试的纳米流体中，TiO2的传热强化效果最为显著，在5 vol%时，其努塞尔数（Nu）比纯水提高了16.6%。虽然更高的纳米颗粒浓度会显著增加流动阻力，但提高入口速度会以更高的压降为代价改善传热（增加76.6% Nu）。使用Box-Behnken响应面法（RSM），确定了最佳操作条件（1 vol%, 0.511 m/s, 34.6°C），在低流动阻力约束下，Nu增加了31.98%。实验验证表明，在0.6 m/s和1 vol% TiO2/H2O纳米流体条件下，与纯水相比，接触面温度降低了4.89%，Nu最大提高了32.86%。此外，提出了一个新的Nu相关，并根据实验数据、模型预测和已发表文献的结果进行了验证。这些发现为具有严格热管理要求的大功率电子设备提供了一种实用高效的冷却解决方案，为学术研究和工程应用提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Three-layer metamaterial solar absorber based on tungsten metal for broadband high absorption and high-temperature thermal radiation stability 基于钨金属的三层超材料太阳能吸收体，具有宽带高吸收和高温热辐射稳定性

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110648

Zhuocheng Xue , Shubo Cheng , Huafeng Zhang , Jun Zhu , Zao Yi

This study presents a novel three-layer metamaterial solar absorber design. The objective of this design is to overcome the technological limitations that currently exist and to encourage the practical application of photothermal conversion technology. The design utilizes titanium (Ti) cubes as the bottom substrate, leveraging its high hardness and corrosion resistance to provide structural support and long-term stability; the middle layer employs silicon dioxide (SiO₂) cubes, which augment multiple reflections and trapping of light within the structure by virtue of their low refractive indices and excellent thermal insulating properties. The uppermost layer is constituted by a hollow, symmetrical, pentagonal tungsten (W) structure. This structure, in conjunction with tungsten's elevated melting point and plasma resonance characteristics, facilitates high-efficiency absorption within the 200–2300 nm band. The hollow design reduces the amount of material used, thereby optimizing the cost. This study used finite difference method (FDTD) simulations to verify that the absorber exhibits an absorption rate exceeding 90 % in the 200–2300 nm wavelength range and maintains superior performance under various climatic conditions with incident angles from 0° to 60° and TM/TE polarization. Furthermore, its thermal properties were evaluated through simulations (573–1073 K), and cost-effective preparation methods were explored to promote its industrial application. This study offers novel concepts for the development of highly efficient, stable, and economically viable solar absorbers, thereby facilitating the large-scale promotion and industrialization of solar thermal technology.

提出了一种新型的三层超材料太阳能吸收体设计。本设计的目的是克服目前存在的技术限制，并鼓励光热转换技术的实际应用。该设计采用钛（Ti）立方体作为底部基材，利用其高硬度和耐腐蚀性提供结构支撑和长期稳定性；中间层采用二氧化硅（SiO2）立方体，凭借其低折射率和优异的隔热性能，增强了结构内的多次反射和光捕获。最上层由中空对称的五角形钨(W)结构构成。这种结构与钨的高熔点和等离子体共振特性相结合，促进了200-2300 nm波段内的高效吸收。中空的设计减少了材料的使用量，从而优化了成本。本研究利用有限差分法（FDTD）模拟验证了该吸收体在200 ~ 2300 nm波长范围内的吸收率超过90%，并且在入射角为0°~ 60°和TM/TE极化的各种气候条件下保持优异的性能。在573-1073 K范围内对其热性能进行了模拟评价，探索了经济高效的制备方法，促进了其工业应用。本研究为开发高效、稳定、经济可行的太阳能吸收剂提供了新概念，从而促进了太阳能热技术的大规模推广和产业化。

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引用次数: 0

Simulating the full-scale compartment fire dynamics influenced by the initial single-glazing window and door opening conditions 模拟初始单玻璃窗和单门开启条件对全尺寸舱室火灾动力学的影响

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110624

Ting Xia , Yu Wang

In real building fires, ventilation may dramatically change due to the glass fallout and door opening. However, little is known about the interaction between the sudden ventilation change and compartment fire dynamics, especially the capacity of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools to simulate this situation is still unknown. In this work, numerical simulations were conducted using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for two different opening conditions, namely door and window remained open, and door and window initially closed and changed gradually. The combustibles/furniture burnt in the experiments were tested for Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter analysis (DSC), to obtain pyrolysis and combustion characteristics for the Complex Pyrolysis Models of furniture used in simulation. The primary simulated fire dynamics were then captured and compared with the full-scale experimental results and estimated values based on experiments. It was established that FDS performed well in well-ventilated fires, but simulating fires with smoldering combustion and sudden ventilation changes in a compartment was challenging, resulting in faster fire development and spread with higher heat release rate than experimental results. Based on the numerical model validated by upper gas temperatures of Tests 1 and 2, the changes in temperature distribution, flow velocity and gas concentration for different fire stages and opening conditions were calculated and demonstrated. It was found that the sudden ventilation change, by glass fallout and door opening exacerbated combustion significantly and caused the recirculation zone to move towards the new opening, disrupting the stable recirculation zone. The results deepen the understanding of the compartment fire behaviour and flow field after sudden ventilation changes, and quantify the potential of CFD and real fire conditions with boundary conditions change resulting from window and doors.

在真实的建筑火灾中，由于玻璃沉降物和门的打开，通风可能会发生巨大变化。然而，人们对突然换气与舱室火灾动力学之间的相互作用知之甚少，特别是计算流体力学（CFD）工具模拟这种情况的能力仍然未知。本文利用火灾动力学模拟器（Fire Dynamics Simulator， FDS）对两种不同的开启条件进行了数值模拟，即门窗保持开启状态，以及门窗初始关闭并逐渐改变状态。对实验中燃烧的可燃物/家具进行热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热分析（DSC），获得模拟家具复杂热解模型的热解和燃烧特性。捕获了初步模拟的火灾动力学，并将其与全尺寸实验结果和基于实验的估计值进行了比较。结果表明，FDS在通风条件良好的火灾中表现良好，但模拟密闭室内阴燃和突然换气的火灾具有挑战性，导致火灾的发展和蔓延速度比实验结果更快，放热速率更高。基于试验1和试验2上部燃气温度验证的数值模型，计算并论证了不同火灾阶段和开启工况下温度分布、流速和气体浓度的变化规律。研究发现，由于玻璃沉降和门的开启而引起的突然换气明显加剧了燃烧，导致再循环区向新的开口移动，破坏了稳定的再循环区。研究结果加深了对突然通风变化后舱室火灾行为和流场的理解，量化了计算流体力学的潜力和由于门窗边界条件变化导致的真实火灾情况。

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引用次数: 0

Rib-embedded design in microchannels heat sink to enhance thermal-hydraulic performance 肋嵌入设计的微通道散热器，以提高热工性能

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110607

Bin Li , Xujie Ma , Guidan Li , Yuqi Cui

Uneven cooling and excessive pressure penalties remain critical limitations of conventional rib or rib–groove structures in microchannel heat sinks. This study aims to enhance the thermo-hydraulic performance by introducing a series of embedded cruciform ribs and the systematic morphological evolution of embedded quatrefoil ribs. Firstly, the simple cruciform rib and the regular quatrefoil rib are illustrated. Subsequently, the structures are extended to an irregular quatrefoil, an inverted quatrefoil, and an elongated quatrefoil rib. Based on the five aforementioned structures, the influence of different rib shapes on flow, heat transfer, and pressure drop characteristics within microchannels has been systematically analyzed using numerical simulations and parametric studies of rib geometry. The analysis reveals a coupled “throttling–entrainment–reattachment” mechanism by which the rib–groove interaction intensifies wall-layer scouring, sustains beneficial recirculation, and improves cold-fluid entrainment. Compared with conventional rib–groove configurations, the proposed evolutionary framework achieves a more favorable balance between heat-transfer enhancement and hydraulic penalty. Average heat-source temperature is reduced by 47.5 % and the performance-evaluation criterion (PEC) increases by 17.7 % relative to a straight rectangular channel under comparable pumping power.

在微通道散热器中，不均匀的冷却和过大的压力惩罚仍然是传统肋或肋槽结构的关键限制。本研究旨在通过引入一系列嵌入的十字形肋和嵌入的四翼肋的系统形态演化来提高热工性能。首先对简单十字形肋和规则四翼肋进行了说明。随后，结构扩展为不规则四翼、倒四翼和细长四翼肋。基于上述五种结构，采用数值模拟和参数化研究方法，系统分析了不同肋形对微通道内流动、传热和压降特性的影响。分析揭示了一种耦合的“节流-夹带-再附着”机制，通过这种机制，肋槽相互作用加强了壁层冲刷，维持了有益的再循环，并改善了冷流体夹带。与传统的肋槽结构相比，所提出的演化框架在传热强化和水力惩罚之间实现了更好的平衡。在同等泵浦功率下，与直矩形通道相比，平均热源温度降低了47.5%，性能评价标准（PEC）提高了17.7%。

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引用次数: 0

Bubble growth dynamics on different fin structures during nucleate boiling 不同翅片结构在成核沸腾过程中的气泡生长动力学

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110614

Adib Mahmoodi Nasrabadi , Abhishek Ratanpara , Abhishek , Philippe Mandin , Rosalinda Inguanta , Myeongsub (Mike) Kim

Enhancing the magnitude of heat transfer is critical for improving thermal management in high-performance applications. This study experimentally investigates the effects of different fin structures—simple, coated, dimpled, and holed—on boiling heat transfer performance under varying subcooling conditions. Boiling curves indicate that fins with artificial nucleation sites significantly enhance heat transfer, reducing wall temperatures at the same heat flux. The fin with a hole exhibits the best performance, shifting the boiling curve to lower temperatures by approximately 5 °C. Bubble departure frequency increases with wall temperature, with the holed fin showing the highest departure rate due to its increased surface area and nucleation sites. Bubble growth rate analysis reveals rapid initial growth followed by a slower mass transfer-driven phase, with the holed fin facilitating the fastest growth. Bubble departure diameter increases with wall temperature and decreases with subcooling, with the holed fin producing the largest bubbles. Contact angle measurements show that wettability improves as liquid temperature increases, reducing surface tension and facilitating vapor removal. Overall, the holed fin demonstrates the most effective boiling characteristics, making it an optimal design for enhanced heat transfer applications. These findings provide valuable insights into surface engineering strategies for improving boiling efficiency in industrial and engineering applications.

在高性能应用中，提高传热强度对于改善热管理至关重要。在不同的过冷条件下，实验研究了不同翅片结构（简单、包覆、凹陷和有孔）对沸腾传热性能的影响。沸腾曲线表明，在相同的热流密度下，带有人工成核位置的翅片显著增强了换热，降低了壁面温度。带孔的翅片表现出最好的性能，将沸腾曲线移至较低的温度约5°C。气泡离开频率随壁面温度的升高而增加，其中孔翅片由于其表面积和成核位置的增加而显示出最高的离开率。气泡生长速率分析表明，气泡的初始生长速度很快，随后是一个较慢的传质驱动阶段，其中有孔的鳍片促进了气泡的快速生长。气泡偏离直径随壁温升高而增大，随过冷而减小，其中有孔翅片产生的气泡最大。接触角测量表明，润湿性随着液体温度的升高而提高，降低了表面张力，促进了蒸汽的去除。总的来说，多孔翅片展示了最有效的沸腾特性，使其成为增强传热应用的最佳设计。这些发现为在工业和工程应用中提高沸腾效率的表面工程策略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance and high-reliability Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes enabled by double-side packaging integrated with microchannel cooling 高性能和高可靠性的Ga2O3肖特基势垒二极管通过集成微通道冷却的双面封装实现

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110626

Jiajun Zhou , Xin Feng , Weihang Zhang , Pengfei Dong , Xianhe Liu , Zhihong Liu , Hong Zhou , Yue Hao , Jincheng Zhang

Ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor Ga₂O₃ Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have emerged as a leading candidate for next-generation power electronics owing to its low on resistance, ultrahigh critical breakdown electric field and superior Baliga's figure of merit (BFOM). However, it suffers from severe self-heating due to ultralow thermal conductivity, which limits power density and reliability. Hence, an active thermal management strategy is proposed by integrating double-side packaging with microchannel cooling. Experimental results demonstrate a 66.6 % reduction in junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (R_j-a) from 39.8 K/W to 13.3 K/W and a maximum junction temperature drop of 58 %, achieving a low temperature of 88.6 °C at 4.5 W power dissipation. Electrically, the device exhibits a higher operating current of 1025.4 mA with 19.8 % enhancement at 3 V and a lower specific on-resistance (R_on) of 3.50 mΩ cm² with at least 12.1 % decrease, in comparison with the conventional bottom-side packaged SBD under natural convection cooling. Under prolonged on-state electrical stress testing at 2 V bias, the current exhibited merely 7.3 % degradation over 6000 s. The synergy of the proposed double-side packaging and optimized microchannel cooling shortens thermal pathway and suppresses hotspot formation, providing a critical solution for high-power-density electronics.

超宽带隙（UWBG）半导体Ga2O3肖特基势垒二极管（sbd）由于其低电阻、超高临界击穿电场和优越的Baliga优值（bom）而成为下一代电力电子器件的主要候选者。然而，由于超低导热性，它遭受严重的自热，这限制了功率密度和可靠性。因此，提出了一种将双面封装与微通道冷却相结合的主动热管理策略。实验结果表明，结对环境热阻（r -a）从39.8 K/W降低到13.3 K/W，降低66.6%，结温最大下降58%，在4.5 W功耗下实现88.6°C的低温。电学方面，与传统的底部封装SBD在自然对流冷却下相比，该器件在3v下具有1025.4 mA的高工作电流，提高了19.8%，比导通电阻（Ron）降低了3.50 mΩ cm2，降低了至少12.1%。在2v偏置下的长时间导通状态电应力测试中，电流在6000秒内仅表现出7.3%的衰减。所提出的双面封装和优化微通道冷却的协同作用缩短了热通道并抑制了热点的形成，为高功率密度电子产品提供了关键解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

High-efficiency heat sink design via SLM-processed diamond TPMS CuCrZr alloy: Optimizing thermal-fluid performance through volume fraction control 采用slm加工的金刚石TPMS CuCrZr合金设计高效散热器：通过体积分数控制优化热流体性能

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110657

Yaoxian Zhang , Yaqin Yang , Xueli Chen , Bin Liu , Xiaoqing Yang , Yuan Gao , Zhuoran Zhang , Delin Kong , Donghua Lei , Zezhou Kuai , Zhonghua Li , Rui Wang

The thermal management of next-generation electronic and aerospace devices demands advanced heat dissipation solutions. While fin-type heat sinks enhance thermal conduction through extended surface areas, their performance is becoming inadequate for modern applications. Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures, particularly the Diamond topology, offer superior heat transfer capabilities due to their high specific surface area and permeability. However, existing studies predominantly focus on aluminum alloys or titanium alloys, with limited research on copper-based TPMS structures. Here, we investigate Selective Laser Melting (SLM)-fabricated CuCrZr Diamond structures, a promising material for aerospace thermal management due to its exceptional thermal/mechanical properties. Through numerical simulations and experimental validation, we analyze the effects of pore size and convective area on thermal performance, benchmarking against conventional fin structures. Results demonstrate that increasing relative density enhances convective heat transfer but elevates pressure drop. At 0.4 m/s inflow velocity, the 50 %-porosity Diamond-Sheet variant achieves a peak average convection coefficient of 112,714.4 W/(m²·K) – 176 % and 209 % higher than Fin and Diamond-Solid structures, respectively, with a performance evaluation criterion (PEC) of 1.55.

下一代电子和航空航天设备的热管理需要先进的散热解决方案。虽然翅片式散热器通过扩大表面积来增强热传导，但其性能已不适合现代应用。三周期最小表面（TPMS）结构，特别是金刚石结构，由于其高比表面积和渗透性，提供了优越的传热能力。然而，现有的研究主要集中在铝合金或钛合金上，对铜基TPMS结构的研究很少。在这里，我们研究了选择性激光熔化（SLM）制造的CuCrZr金刚石结构，由于其优异的热/机械性能，它是一种很有前途的航空航天热管理材料。通过数值模拟和实验验证，分析了孔径和对流面积对翅片热性能的影响，并与传统翅片结构进行了对比。结果表明：相对密度的增大有利于对流换热，但增大了压降。在0.4 m/s入流速度下，50%孔隙率的金刚石-片结构的峰值平均对流系数为112,714.4 W/(m2·K)，分别比鳍状结构和金刚石-固体结构高176%和209%，性能评价标准（PEC）为1.55。

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