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OBJECTIVES AND METHODS OF BUSINESS VALUATION IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY 海运业商业评估的目标和方法
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2020-4-92-107
N. Grebennyk, E. Voskanian
The business appraisal process is described in many works. It states that the main purpose of the assessment process is to identify critical business areas that create value. In which publications are investigated the methodological foundations for assessing the value of property. The problems of different approaches to the assessment of property objects in seaports are described. But there is a lack of comprehensive business valuation studies in other sectors of the maritime industry, such as onshore services.The aim of the work is to study the goals and methods of assessing the value of a business in various areas of the maritime industry, taking into account their specifics.Business valuation is a multilevel complex process. When evaluating a business, it is necessary to audit and sometimes revalue all the assets of the company. It is necessary to build forecasts for a certain time interval.Before starting the business appraisal process, it is necessary to take into account certain key factors: economic factors (profitability and risks), political factors (lack of a stable and predictable situation in the industry), social factors (personal reasons of customers and consumers of appraisal), information factors (for correct estimates need reliable information). The need to assess the value of a business arises in almost all transformations: when buying and selling an enterprise, its corporatization, mergers and acquisitions, as well as in many other situations.There are situations when the need to assess those specified in the law. Basically, these cases concern the appraisal of state property.There are many other situations where an assessment needs to be made. These include: buying − selling a company, making management decisions, determining the amount of tax on the company's property, insuring the company's property, obtaining a loan, investing.A properly performed appraisal is also a monitoring of the company's performance and revaluation of the property's value. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the financial data to be evaluated is complete, current and accurate. Only with reliable data and a well-planned strategic approach can a reliable forecast be made. The more complete and detailed the data for analysis are, the more accurate and qualitative the results of the assessment will be.The most common valuation method is the discounted cash flow method. Its advantage is the ability to measure future results today. This is a complex expert method, but it provides information about the business prospects.
企业评估过程在许多著作中都有描述。它指出评估过程的主要目的是识别创造价值的关键业务领域。其中出版物调查了评估财产价值的方法基础。阐述了港口财产对象评估的不同方法存在的问题。但在海运业的其他部门(如陆上服务),缺乏全面的商业估值研究。这项工作的目的是研究评估海运业各个领域企业价值的目标和方法,同时考虑到它们的具体情况。业务评估是一个多层次的复杂过程。在评估一家企业时,有必要对公司的所有资产进行审计,有时还需要重新评估。有必要建立一定时间间隔的预测。在开始企业评估过程之前,必须考虑到某些关键因素:经济因素(盈利能力和风险),政治因素(行业缺乏稳定和可预测的情况),社会因素(评估客户和消费者的个人原因),信息因素(正确的估计需要可靠的信息)。在几乎所有的转型中都需要评估企业的价值:在购买和出售企业、其公司化、合并和收购以及在许多其他情况下。在某些情况下,需要对法律规定的内容进行评估。基本上,这些案件涉及国有财产的评估。还有许多其他情况需要进行评估。这些包括:收购或出售公司、做出管理决策、确定公司财产的税额、为公司财产投保、获得贷款、投资。正确执行的评估也是对公司业绩的监控和对财产价值的重新评估。因此,确保要评估的财务数据是完整的、最新的和准确的是很重要的。只有有可靠的数据和精心策划的战略方针,才能作出可靠的预测。用于分析的数据越完整和详细,评估的结果就越准确和定性。最常用的估值方法是现金流量贴现法。它的优势在于能够在今天衡量未来的结果。这是一种复杂的专家方法,但它提供了有关业务前景的信息。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL REGULATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE AND THE EU 乌克兰和欧盟废物管理的法律规定
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2020-4-67-78
O. Balobanov, Anastasiia Shparlo
Ensuring the environment is safe for human life and health is one of the vital goals of the entire world community. Seaports inevitably affect the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil. The main source of environmental pollution are merchant ships, which produce the most danger for the marine environment. The solution to the problem of waste management should be carried out through the state regulation, which should take into account the national characteristics of the population and the positive experience of European legislation. The author notes that the effective functioning and development of seaports depends on a number of factors, including the level of their technological and technical equipment, development of maritime infrastructure, compliance of the management system with modern international requirements, provision of regulatory framework. The current legislation of Ukraine and the requirements of the European legislation in the field of waste management are considered and analyzed. Approaches to solving the global problem in the context of European integration are proposed, namely: creating the necessary regulatory framework to reduce ship waste and cargo residues into the sea, as well as preventing or limiting the negative impact of seaports on the environment and human health; creation of modern infrastructure. The lack of regulation has a direct impact on the environment, on the efficiency of not only the port and transport industry, but also the economy as a whole. The study aims to highlight a fundamental criterion − waste management in the ports of Ukraine. It is concluded that in Ukraine there is no clear organizational structure of waste management. The author concludes that it is necessary to use European standards for waste management in ports
确保环境对人类生命和健康是安全的,是整个国际社会的重要目标之一。海港不可避免地会影响大气、水圈和土壤。商船是环境污染的主要来源,对海洋环境的危害最大。废物管理问题的解决应该通过国家监管来进行,这应该考虑到人口的国家特点和欧洲立法的积极经验。发件人指出,海港的有效运作和发展取决于若干因素,包括其技术和技术设备的水平、海上基础设施的发展、管理制度是否符合现代国际要求、提供管理框架。考虑和分析了乌克兰现行立法和欧洲立法在废物管理领域的要求。提出了在欧洲一体化背景下解决这一全球性问题的办法,即:建立必要的监管框架,以减少船舶废物和货物残留物排入海洋,并防止或限制海港对环境和人类健康的负面影响;建设现代化基础设施。监管的缺失直接影响到环境,不仅影响到港口和运输行业的效率,还影响到整个经济。这项研究的目的是强调一个基本标准——乌克兰港口的废物管理。结论是,乌克兰没有明确的废物管理组织结构。作者认为,有必要采用欧洲标准进行港口废物管理
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引用次数: 0
REGULARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATIONOF PROCESSES FOR FORMATION OF THE FLEETAGE CARRYABILITY 全球化进程对船队承运性形成影响的规律
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2020-2-124-135
Olga Kibik, Y. Khaiminova, I. Primachenko
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引用次数: 0
MOTIVATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM APPROACH 问题方法背景下创业活动的动机
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2020-4-108-118
R. Zavadyak, I. Kachur, K. Popovych
The aim is to study the essence of entrepreneurial activity and modern motivational concepts, which allows you to identify and systematize the main problems of motiva-ting business activity.The study showed that the motivation of entrepreneurial activity is a complex phenomenon that affects both the internal potential of the business and various counterparties and the business environment as a whole. The main elements of motivation of entrepreneurial activity are: self-motivation of a business actor (any activity will not be effective without internal motivation), staff motivation (entrepreneurship is the result of attracting various resources, including labor, which should be stimulated to achieve goals of the organization) and motivation of third parties who contact the business directly or indirectly.The constructed triangle of motivation provides opportunities in the course of practical activity of business to allocate the basic directions of diagnostics of problems of motivation of business activity.The study showed that there is a wide range of problems of business motivation, among which the determinants are: the first group of problems, covering research and activation of motives for starting your own business, starting a business; the second group of problems concerns the definition of the essence of business motivation, is to diagnose the needs on which the modern concept of motivation is based; problems of motivation of entrepreneurial activity are also in the socio-cultural environment, which can stimulate the start of business or inhibit initiative; problems of existence and emergence of contradictions in the process of business activity, which have the prospect of becoming a conflict of interest of various participants in the economic pro-cess. It is proposed to systematize the problems of motivation of entrepreneurial activity on the basis of classification according to the following features: depending on the place of origin, the time of origin, the method of solution, the complexity.
目的是研究创业活动的本质和现代激励概念,使您能够识别和系统化激励商业活动的主要问题。研究表明,创业活动的动机是一个复杂的现象,它既影响企业的内部潜力,也影响各个对手方和整个商业环境。创业活动动机的主要要素有:企业行动者的自我动机(任何活动没有内部动机都不会有效)、员工动机(创业是吸引包括劳动力在内的各种资源的结果,为了实现组织的目标需要对其进行激励)和与企业直接或间接接触的第三方的动机。构建的动机三角为在商业实践活动过程中分配商业活动动机问题诊断的基本方向提供了机会。研究表明,创业动机存在着广泛的问题,其中的决定因素有:第一组问题,涵盖了创业、创业动机的研究和激活;第二组问题涉及企业动机本质的定义,即诊断现代动机概念所依据的需求;创业活动的动机问题也存在于社会文化环境中,社会文化环境可以刺激创业,也可以抑制创业的主动性;企业活动过程中存在和出现的矛盾问题,这些矛盾有可能成为经济过程中各参与者的利益冲突。在对创业活动动机问题进行分类的基础上,提出了对创业活动动机问题进行系统化研究的思路,并提出了对创业活动动机问题进行系统化研究的思路。
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引用次数: 0
APPROXIMATION TO A LANDLORD PORT MANAGEMENT MODEL: UKRAINIAN CONTEXT 近似地主港口管理模式:乌克兰背景
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2020-4-19-30
V. Shemayev, Larysa Shemayeva
With the beginning of port reform in Ukraine, the model of port sector gover-nance was changed. Established in 2013, the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority was endowed with administrative, maritime safety and security functions. Purely commercial activities remained with public and private stevedoring companies and marine terminals. This distribution of functionality in seaports has brought the domestic governance model closer to the well-known in North America and North-Western Europe – landlord-port model. The aspects identified as a result of the study,namely control over land plots, legal status of the Ukrainian Sa Ports Authority, the presence of state stevedores, and unsettled relations with local authorities, do not allow to classify the domestic port governance model in the classical sense of landlord-port. The latter points rather to a hybrid model in Ukraine with some elements of landlord-port model, such as concessions, private participation in services etc. The most vulnerable element in the context of the port-landlord model at the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority is the lack of a mechanism for managing port areas due to the presence of several types of landowners in a seaport including public, local and private entities. The article proposes a number of measures, including corporatization of the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority, amendments to the legislation, innovations in the distribution of concession fees, support of the state's exit from the stevedoring activity segment in ports, as wellas an inventory of port territories, the implementation of which can qualitatively bring the Ukrainian model closer to the port management practices of North-Western Europe. In addition, involvement of local authorities into activities of seaport councils as permanent members, and -after corporatization of Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority- to participate in pilot projects of joint ownership of autonomous port authorities (for example in the ports of Odessa and Mykolayiv) could facilitate a sustainable cooperation between a port and local governance
随着乌克兰港口改革的开始,港口部门的治理模式发生了变化。乌克兰海港管理局成立于2013年,被赋予行政、海上安全和安保职能。纯粹的商业活动仍由公共和私营装卸公司和海运码头进行。这种功能在海港的分布使国内的治理模式更接近于北美和西北欧著名的“地主-港口模式”。研究结果确定的方面,即对地块的控制、乌克兰萨港务局的法律地位、国有装卸工人的存在以及与地方当局的不稳定关系,不允许将传统意义上的地主-港口国内港口治理模式分类。后者更倾向于乌克兰的一种混合模式,其中包含地主-港口模式的一些元素,如特许权、私人参与服务等。在乌克兰海港管理局的港口地主模式中,最脆弱的因素是缺乏管理港区的机制,因为海港中存在几种类型的土地所有者,包括公共、地方和私人实体。文章提出了一系列措施,包括乌克兰海港管理局的公司化,立法修正案,特许费分配的创新,支持国家退出港口的装卸活动部分,以及港口领土的清单,这些措施的实施可以使乌克兰模式在质量上更接近西北欧的港口管理实践。此外,让地方当局作为常任理事国参与海港委员会的活动,以及在乌克兰海港管理局公司化之后,参与自治港口当局共同拥有的试点项目(例如在敖德萨港和尼古拉耶夫港),可以促进港口和地方治理之间的可持续合作
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引用次数: 1
THE ANALYSE OF THE BANKING SYSTEM WORK EFFICIENCY IN UKRAINE 乌克兰银行系统工作效率分析
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2019-1-107-136
V. Ivchenko, L. Shiryaeva, N. Khotyeyeva
. An analysis of situation in the banking system revealed a number of systemic problems, the solution of which requires careful study. A number of problems are a consequence of the policy of the regulator, others a consequence of changes in the global financial markets and processes in the world economy. The substitution of a national currency unit with a convertible foreign currency has been a result of the decrease in the purchasing power of the national currency. It influenced on currency ability to be a full-value currency. Against the background of currency fluctuations, the banking system faces a shortage of resources. In the capital structure of Ukrainian banks, a significant proportion falls on deposits of individuals, the outflow of which and the massive population buying up of a cash dollar became an unresolved problem. banks the price of credit the the of individual’s loans amount can influents on the purchasing power in certain sectors of the economy, it does not contribute to an increase in business activity in the whole system. It is necessary to increase the availability of funding for priority sectors of the economy, lending long-term infrastructure projects, supporting small and medium-sized businesses in industries with high administrative burdens, lending to exports and trade. In general, the downward trend in the number of banking institutions can be recognized, as positive, if this trend leads to an increase in the performance indicators of the banking sector, as well as a balanced and reasoned policy of the National Bank of Ukraine. Otherwise, such actions of the state regulator only undermine confidence in the entire banking sector of Ukraine. Restructuring of problem loans can be a starting point in improving the banking system, but the changes should primarily affect changes in currency restrictions, exchange rate regulation, and adjustments to the legal field in which second-tier banks operate.
. 通过对银行体系现状的分析,我们发现了一些系统性问题,解决这些问题需要认真研究。一些问题是监管机构政策的结果,其他问题是全球金融市场变化和世界经济进程的结果。用可兑换的外国货币代替国家货币单位是国家货币购买力下降的结果。它影响了货币成为全价值货币的能力。在汇率波动的背景下,银行体系面临着资源短缺的问题。在乌克兰银行的资本结构中,很大一部分是个人存款,个人存款外流和大量人口购买现金美元成为一个未解决的问题。银行的信贷价格,个人贷款金额的多少会影响经济中某些部门的购买力,但它不会促进整个系统中商业活动的增加。有必要增加对重点经济部门的资金供应,为长期基础设施项目提供贷款,支持行政负担高的行业的中小企业,为出口和贸易提供贷款。总的来说,银行机构数量的下降趋势可以被认为是积极的,如果这种趋势导致银行业绩效指标的增加,以及乌克兰国家银行平衡和合理的政策。否则,国家监管机构的此类行动只会破坏人们对乌克兰整个银行业的信心。重组问题贷款可以作为改善银行系统的起点,但这些变化应主要影响货币限制、汇率管制和调整二级银行经营的法律领域的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Method of substantiation of the optimal structure of the port towing fleet 港口拖航船队最优结构的实证方法
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2019-2-52-65
L. Pavlovska
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引用次数: 0
Motivating monitoring as a means of increasing the efficiency of business in the enterprise 激励监控作为提高企业业务效率的一种手段
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2019-2-143-153
N. Grebennyk, А. Hontar
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引用次数: 0
MODEL OF STRATEGIC POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SEA COMMERCIAL PORT «CHОRNOMORSK» 战略潜力发展模式海上商业港口«chОrnomorsk»
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2019-3-30-43
O. Girina, Y. Komarova
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引用次数: 0
STRATEGIC POTENTIAL OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMIC POINT OF VIEW 区域经济发展的战略潜力:一个系统的观点
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.31375/2226-1915-2019-3-44-55
V. Vartsaba, V. Kubini, M. Holiak
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Rozvitok metodiv upravlinnia ta gospodariuvannia na transporti
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