Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103536
Agata Cieniawa
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease has been perceived in recent years as a disease of civilisation. Patients with stage 5 or 4 renal failure require renal replacement therapy. Ninety per cent of patients with renal failure are treated using haemodialysis. In order to perform extracorporeal blood purification procedures, it is necessary to establish a vascular access for the patient. The efficiency of haemodialysis can be determined based on the urea reduction rate and dialyser’s urea clearance. One of the main factors influencing the adequacy of dialysis is the type of vascular access. Aim of the study: To ascertain whether the type of vascular access influences the effectiveness of haemodialysis. Material and methods: The study included 61 patients dialysed at the University Hospital in Cracow in the period from December 2018 to February 2019. The study compared potassium values before and after haemodialysis, the degree of urea removal, and the urea clearance of the dialyser. Results: The best results were obtained by patients dialysed using an arteriovenous fistula; for those patients the urea reduction ratio (URR) was 0.7 and the Kt/V was 1.7; the worst values were found for patients dialysed using a Gero-trex artificial vessel. Conclusions: The type of vascular access affects the effectiveness of haemodialysis.
{"title":"The type of vascular access and the effectiveness of haemodialysis","authors":"Agata Cieniawa","doi":"10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103536","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic kidney disease has been perceived in recent years as a disease of civilisation. Patients with stage 5 or 4 renal failure require renal replacement therapy. Ninety per cent of patients with renal failure are treated using haemodialysis. In order to perform extracorporeal blood purification procedures, it is necessary to establish a vascular access for the patient. The efficiency of haemodialysis can be determined based on the urea reduction rate and dialyser’s urea clearance. One of the main factors influencing the adequacy of dialysis is the type of vascular access. Aim of the study: To ascertain whether the type of vascular access influences the effectiveness of haemodialysis. Material and methods: The study included 61 patients dialysed at the University Hospital in Cracow in the period from December 2018 to February 2019. The study compared potassium values before and after haemodialysis, the degree of urea removal, and the urea clearance of the dialyser. Results: The best results were obtained by patients dialysed using an arteriovenous fistula; for those patients the urea reduction ratio (URR) was 0.7 and the Kt/V was 1.7; the worst values were found for patients dialysed using a Gero-trex artificial vessel. Conclusions: The type of vascular access affects the effectiveness of haemodialysis.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/ppiel.2020.96091
I. Uchmanowicz, P. Gurowiec, R. Zeleníková, E. Gurková, D. Jarošová, Agnieszka Zborowska
To prevent potential health- or life-threatening events during patient care at every stage of hospitalisation, all possible causes that could lead to adverse events should be recognised by the highly qualified medical staff who are responsible for patient safety. The aim of this state-of-the-art paper is to summarise the issue of patient safety in the hospital and nurse managers’ competencies relating to rationing of care, and to discuss implementation of the evidence-based practice as the key foundation for the development and knowledge management of nursing care. Research evidence does not provide any innovative solutions to direct knowledge management in clinical settings. Therefore, we should implement innovative interventions to be developed and evaluated for the implementation of knowledge management. The fact is that a global lack of nurses leads to missed care, which is a common threat, and it manifests itself as a potentially dangerous medical error that deserves special attention. The influence of various factors on knowledge management and the roles of senior nurses have not been well recognised or researched. Moreover, it was shown that practical mediations in order to implement knowledge management need to be refined and assessed. This is especially true in contemporary, challenging work environments with a lack of time for further professional development due to an increasing workload.
{"title":"Patient safety and nurse managers’ competencies in decision making relating to rationing of care – the state of the art","authors":"I. Uchmanowicz, P. Gurowiec, R. Zeleníková, E. Gurková, D. Jarošová, Agnieszka Zborowska","doi":"10.5114/ppiel.2020.96091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2020.96091","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent potential health- or life-threatening events during patient care at every stage of hospitalisation, all possible causes that could lead to adverse events should be recognised by the highly qualified medical staff who are responsible for patient safety. The aim of this state-of-the-art paper is to summarise the issue of patient safety in the hospital and nurse managers’ competencies relating to rationing of care, and to discuss implementation of the evidence-based practice as the key foundation for the development and knowledge management of nursing care. Research evidence does not provide any innovative solutions to direct knowledge management in clinical settings. Therefore, we should implement innovative interventions to be developed and evaluated for the implementation of knowledge management. The fact is that a global lack of nurses leads to missed care, which is a common threat, and it manifests itself as a potentially dangerous medical error that deserves special attention. The influence of various factors on knowledge management and the roles of senior nurses have not been well recognised or researched. Moreover, it was shown that practical mediations in order to implement knowledge management need to be refined and assessed. This is especially true in contemporary, challenging work environments with a lack of time for further professional development due to an increasing workload.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppiel.2020.96091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/ppiel.2020.98770
E. Walewska, L. Ścisło, G. Puto, P. Obrzut, A. Gniadek
Introduction: Melanoma is a malignant skin tumour. Its incidence doubles every 10 years. The sooner it is diagnosed, the better the chances for successful treatment. Therefore, the need has arisen to spread knowledge about early detection of melanoma and its prevention. Aim of the study: To assess the knowledge and the extent to which skin cancer preventive measures are followed in selected groups of inhabitants of Poland and Australia. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 267 people, 151 of whom lived in Poland and 116 in Australia. The study was carried out with the application of a diagnostic survey method. The research technique was a survey, and the research tool was a questionnaire designed by the authors. The study findings were examined by means of statistical analysis. Results: The study showed that although the average level of knowledge is good (46.4%), the extent to which the rules of melanoma prevention are applied is still unsatisfactory in the majority of population (42.3%). It was observed that Australian inhabitants had higher scores in both aforementioned cases ( p < 0.001); 91.4% of respondents had at least satisfactory knowledge about melanoma and 78.4% of them took proper preventive measures, whereas in Poland it was 75.5% and 41.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In most cases the respondents have a good level of knowledge, but they do not follow the rules of melanoma prevention. Australians have more knowledge about melanoma, and they are also more likely to take preventive measures.
{"title":"Knowledge and health behaviours connected with melanoma prevention among people living in Poland and Australia","authors":"E. Walewska, L. Ścisło, G. Puto, P. Obrzut, A. Gniadek","doi":"10.5114/ppiel.2020.98770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2020.98770","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Melanoma is a malignant skin tumour. Its incidence doubles every 10 years. The sooner it is diagnosed, the better the chances for successful treatment. Therefore, the need has arisen to spread knowledge about early detection of melanoma and its prevention. Aim of the study: To assess the knowledge and the extent to which skin cancer preventive measures are followed in selected groups of inhabitants of Poland and Australia. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 267 people, 151 of whom lived in Poland and 116 in Australia. The study was carried out with the application of a diagnostic survey method. The research technique was a survey, and the research tool was a questionnaire designed by the authors. The study findings were examined by means of statistical analysis. Results: The study showed that although the average level of knowledge is good (46.4%), the extent to which the rules of melanoma prevention are applied is still unsatisfactory in the majority of population (42.3%). It was observed that Australian inhabitants had higher scores in both aforementioned cases ( p < 0.001); 91.4% of respondents had at least satisfactory knowledge about melanoma and 78.4% of them took proper preventive measures, whereas in Poland it was 75.5% and 41.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In most cases the respondents have a good level of knowledge, but they do not follow the rules of melanoma prevention. Australians have more knowledge about melanoma, and they are also more likely to take preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103533
Dorota Karkowska, Tomasz Karkowski
{"title":"Definition of the profession of midwife. Commentary\u0000on Article 5 Section 1a of the Act of 15 July 2011\u0000on the professions of nurse and midwife","authors":"Dorota Karkowska, Tomasz Karkowski","doi":"10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70502644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103535
Beata Ogórek-Tęcza, A. Gniadek, Zuzanna Radosz, A. Piskorz, Monika Rucka
Introduction: Therapeutic education should be an integral element of treatment, especially in chronic disorders, because good disease control and less frequent relapses or exacerbations contribute to improving the quality of life, including increasing the patient’s mental comfort and self-determination in the disease. An important element of the ability to involve the patient in the process of therapeutic education is social support. Aim of the study: To understand the relationship between the assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic education in patients treated for chronic diseases and the level of experienced social support. Material and methods: The study included 98 patients. The study involved the diagnostic survey method. To collect the data, the author’s questionnaire and a standardised tool (ISSB) were used. The obtained data were analysed statistically. Results: Among the patients suffering from chronic diseases, therapeutic education was most often carried out once (42.6%), without a previously prepared educational program (61.4%) and mainly providing methods (46.5%). The surveyed most often participated in educational activities carried out by a single member of the therapeutic team (69.3%), and the duration of education was adjusted to individual needs. The evaluation of the program was carried out only in a minority of those surveyed (43.7%). Conclusions: Patients with chronic diseases had the opportunity to participate in one-time education. Therapeutic education in clinical practice is far from the recommendations of theoreticians and requires work on each stage of educational activities.
{"title":"Assessment of the implementation of therapeutic education in patients with chronic disease in the context of perceived social support","authors":"Beata Ogórek-Tęcza, A. Gniadek, Zuzanna Radosz, A. Piskorz, Monika Rucka","doi":"10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103535","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Therapeutic education should be an integral element of treatment, especially in chronic disorders, because good disease control and less frequent relapses or exacerbations contribute to improving the quality of life, including increasing the patient’s mental comfort and self-determination in the disease. An important element of the ability to involve the patient in the process of therapeutic education is social support. Aim of the study: To understand the relationship between the assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic education in patients treated for chronic diseases and the level of experienced social support. Material and methods: The study included 98 patients. The study involved the diagnostic survey method. To collect the data, the author’s questionnaire and a standardised tool (ISSB) were used. The obtained data were analysed statistically. Results: Among the patients suffering from chronic diseases, therapeutic education was most often carried out once (42.6%), without a previously prepared educational program (61.4%) and mainly providing methods (46.5%). The surveyed most often participated in educational activities carried out by a single member of the therapeutic team (69.3%), and the duration of education was adjusted to individual needs. The evaluation of the program was carried out only in a minority of those surveyed (43.7%). Conclusions: Patients with chronic diseases had the opportunity to participate in one-time education. Therapeutic education in clinical practice is far from the recommendations of theoreticians and requires work on each stage of educational activities.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70502880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103531
Katarzyna Wojtas, A. Kamińska
Introduction: Cognitive deficits in the course of dementia are commonly diagnosed among elderly people. In con-nection with their progressive, incurable nature it is necessary to provide professional care for patients and their caregivers. Unfortunately, help for people with dementia and their carers is not sufficient, and deficits in legal and social areas are also noticed. Aim of the study: To present the functioning of the Day and Activation Centre for Dependent People in the Municipal Care Centre in Cracow, at 267 Wielicka Street. Material and methods: Analysis of scientific literature and the authors’ own experience from the implementation of the program for the Day and Activation Centre for Dependent People. Results: The facility is an example of an indirect form of service provision between care in the community and round-the-clock care. It provides caregivers with support in various dimensions. Conclusions: The establishment of day centres for people with dementia should be a trend in providing specialist assistance to patients and their carers. Providing caregivers with professional knowledge about dementia allows them to understand emerging changes in the behaviour and functioning of those under their care, and at the same time gives them the opportunity to prepare themselves to meet the challenges of a progressive disease. words:
{"title":"Institutional support for people with dementia of Alzheimer’s type and their carers – Cracow’s experience","authors":"Katarzyna Wojtas, A. Kamińska","doi":"10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPIEL.2020.103531","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cognitive deficits in the course of dementia are commonly diagnosed among elderly people. In con-nection with their progressive, incurable nature it is necessary to provide professional care for patients and their caregivers. Unfortunately, help for people with dementia and their carers is not sufficient, and deficits in legal and social areas are also noticed. Aim of the study: To present the functioning of the Day and Activation Centre for Dependent People in the Municipal Care Centre in Cracow, at 267 Wielicka Street. Material and methods: Analysis of scientific literature and the authors’ own experience from the implementation of the program for the Day and Activation Centre for Dependent People. Results: The facility is an example of an indirect form of service provision between care in the community and round-the-clock care. It provides caregivers with support in various dimensions. Conclusions: The establishment of day centres for people with dementia should be a trend in providing specialist assistance to patients and their carers. Providing caregivers with professional knowledge about dementia allows them to understand emerging changes in the behaviour and functioning of those under their care, and at the same time gives them the opportunity to prepare themselves to meet the challenges of a progressive disease. words:","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/ppiel.2020.98771
E. Walewska, L. Ścisło, G. Puto, P. Obrzut, A. Gniadek
Aim of the study: To assess the correlation between skin phototypes and selected sociodemographic factors and health behaviours connected with skin cancer prevention. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 267 patients. It was carried out with the application of a diagnostic survey method. The research technique was a survey and the research tool was a questionnaire designed by the authors. Results: The study showed a correlation between skin phototype and following the rules of skin cancer prevention (p < 0.001): people with skin phototype I, characterised by pale white skin, were more likely to apply sun protection rules. The percentage of respondents with a higher level of health behaviours increased with the respondents’ age (p < 0.001). The higher the respondents’ education, the higher the percentage of them who took proper melanoma precautions (p < 0.005). The level of health behaviours was also higher in people who had been diagnosed with melanoma or had been treated for skin cancer in the past or whose family member or friend suffered from this type of cancer (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Respondents with a phototype characterised by fair complexion were more likely to follow skin cancer prevention rules. The intensity of health behaviours aimed at cancer prevention increased with the respondents’ age and level of education. Both melanoma diagnosis and the incidence of skin cancer in respondents’ family or friends led to a higher level of their health behaviours.
{"title":"Skin phototype and selected sociodemographic factors and their correlation with health behaviours connected with melanoma prevention strategies","authors":"E. Walewska, L. Ścisło, G. Puto, P. Obrzut, A. Gniadek","doi":"10.5114/ppiel.2020.98771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2020.98771","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To assess the correlation between skin phototypes and selected sociodemographic factors and health behaviours connected with skin cancer prevention. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 267 patients. It was carried out with the application of a diagnostic survey method. The research technique was a survey and the research tool was a questionnaire designed by the authors. Results: The study showed a correlation between skin phototype and following the rules of skin cancer prevention (p < 0.001): people with skin phototype I, characterised by pale white skin, were more likely to apply sun protection rules. The percentage of respondents with a higher level of health behaviours increased with the respondents’ age (p < 0.001). The higher the respondents’ education, the higher the percentage of them who took proper melanoma precautions (p < 0.005). The level of health behaviours was also higher in people who had been diagnosed with melanoma or had been treated for skin cancer in the past or whose family member or friend suffered from this type of cancer (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Respondents with a phototype characterised by fair complexion were more likely to follow skin cancer prevention rules. The intensity of health behaviours aimed at cancer prevention increased with the respondents’ age and level of education. Both melanoma diagnosis and the incidence of skin cancer in respondents’ family or friends led to a higher level of their health behaviours.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/ppiel.2020.96096
Oliwia Stępień, A. Leja-Szpak
Introduction: Stenosis of the aortic valve is the most common acquired heart defect, which involves reducing the area of this valve. In the case of pregnant women, this defect, due to changes in the cardiovascular system, results in miscarriages, pre-term delivery, or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR is a condition in which the foetus is too small in relation to gestational age, and its consequences may include perinatal hypoxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, or respiratory distress syndrome. Aim of the study: To analyse the case of a 30-year-old female patient with aortic stenosis and intrauterine growth restriction, diagnosed during pregnancy, as well as to formulate diagnoses and plan nursing and obstetric care for this pregnant woman. Discussion: The present thesis includes a case study of a pregnant woman with aortic stenosis detected during pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction. The analysis concerned the patient’s planned hospitalisation. The essential elements of hospitalisation included the control of general and obstetric conditions, monitoring of the foetus’ condition, as well as pharmacotherapy that aimed at improving the haemodynamic conditions of the pregnant woman. Conclusions: Narrowing of the aortic valve in pregnant women complicated by the occurrence of IUGR is a rare clinical condition. Providing medical care of such a pregnant woman focuses on the control of general and obstetrical parameters. The participation of a midwife in pharmacotherapy and assisting in the doctor’s examinations also constitutes an important element in obtaining information about this medical condition, as well as planning nursing and obstetric care.
{"title":"Care of a pregnant woman with aortic stenosis and intrauterine growth restriction – case study","authors":"Oliwia Stępień, A. Leja-Szpak","doi":"10.5114/ppiel.2020.96096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2020.96096","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stenosis of the aortic valve is the most common acquired heart defect, which involves reducing the area of this valve. In the case of pregnant women, this defect, due to changes in the cardiovascular system, results in miscarriages, pre-term delivery, or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR is a condition in which the foetus is too small in relation to gestational age, and its consequences may include perinatal hypoxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, or respiratory distress syndrome. Aim of the study: To analyse the case of a 30-year-old female patient with aortic stenosis and intrauterine growth restriction, diagnosed during pregnancy, as well as to formulate diagnoses and plan nursing and obstetric care for this pregnant woman. Discussion: The present thesis includes a case study of a pregnant woman with aortic stenosis detected during pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction. The analysis concerned the patient’s planned hospitalisation. The essential elements of hospitalisation included the control of general and obstetric conditions, monitoring of the foetus’ condition, as well as pharmacotherapy that aimed at improving the haemodynamic conditions of the pregnant woman. Conclusions: Narrowing of the aortic valve in pregnant women complicated by the occurrence of IUGR is a rare clinical condition. Providing medical care of such a pregnant woman focuses on the control of general and obstetrical parameters. The participation of a midwife in pharmacotherapy and assisting in the doctor’s examinations also constitutes an important element in obtaining information about this medical condition, as well as planning nursing and obstetric care.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppiel.2020.96096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/ppiel.2020.96090
Malgorzata Dziedzic, Elżbieta Sibiga, M. Dziubak, Paula Janczyk
Midwifery training in Krakow started within the University structures and was closely related to the reform of the Academy in 1780. Following H. Kołłątaj and Prof. A. Badurski’s ideas, the first clinical hospital was created in Krakow, where midwifery training started. Prof. R. Czerwiakowski gave lectures for midwives and supervised the maternity clinic. The changing political relations remodelled the structure and organisation of the school authorities, which affected the working conditions of the University. Obtaining a diploma was preceded by the so-called strict exam in front of an exam board consisting of professors. The positive result of the exam then authorised the student to take an oath in front of the Dean, the secretary, and a professor of the Faculty of Medicine, which, as stated on the diploma, gave “the right to practice midwifery”. Following professors and heads of the maternity clinic made special efforts in organising midwifery courses and improving continuously difficult learning conditions. Many documents issued to midwives or provided by midwifery students have survived from their professional activity. Prof. H. Jordan achieved outstanding results in this respect, as he managed to obtain permission from the partitioning authorities to organise an independent midwifery school. It opened in 1895, and Prof. A. Mars became its head. The importance of achieving this idea promoted by Prof. H. Jordan for the further development of midwives in Krakow is worth emphasising. The independent institution took the name of the Imperial Royal School of Midwives.
{"title":"The history of University Midwifery Training in Krakow in the years 1780-1918 in the context of historical and organisational conditions","authors":"Malgorzata Dziedzic, Elżbieta Sibiga, M. Dziubak, Paula Janczyk","doi":"10.5114/ppiel.2020.96090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2020.96090","url":null,"abstract":"Midwifery training in Krakow started within the University structures and was closely related to the reform of the Academy in 1780. Following H. Kołłątaj and Prof. A. Badurski’s ideas, the first clinical hospital was created in Krakow, where midwifery training started. Prof. R. Czerwiakowski gave lectures for midwives and supervised the maternity clinic. The changing political relations remodelled the structure and organisation of the school authorities, which affected the working conditions of the University. Obtaining a diploma was preceded by the so-called strict exam in front of an exam board consisting of professors. The positive result of the exam then authorised the student to take an oath in front of the Dean, the secretary, and a professor of the Faculty of Medicine, which, as stated on the diploma, gave “the right to practice midwifery”. Following professors and heads of the maternity clinic made special efforts in organising midwifery courses and improving continuously difficult learning conditions. Many documents issued to midwives or provided by midwifery students have survived from their professional activity. Prof. H. Jordan achieved outstanding results in this respect, as he managed to obtain permission from the partitioning authorities to organise an independent midwifery school. It opened in 1895, and Prof. A. Mars became its head. The importance of achieving this idea promoted by Prof. H. Jordan for the further development of midwives in Krakow is worth emphasising. The independent institution took the name of the Imperial Royal School of Midwives.","PeriodicalId":34285,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Pielegniarstwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppiel.2020.96090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70503576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/ppiel.2020.96094
K. Wojtas, K. Czyżowicz, Iwona Sibiga, Z. Musiał
Introduction: Diabetes patients experience burdens associated with adherence to treatment, self-control, and taking preventive measures against diabetic complications. These can contribute to the development of depressive disorders. Aim of the study: To assess the occurrence and severity of depressive disorders and factors connected with them among diabetes type 2 patients aged 35-64 years. Material and methods: The research was done with the use of a diagnostic survey method among 70 patients in the Metabolic Disease Department of the University Hospital in Krakow. The Beck Depression Inventory and the authors’ own interview questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica 13.1, and p < 0.05 was the significance level. Results: The average number of points in the Beck Depression Inventory was 12.81 (moderate level of depressive disorders). Greater severity of depressive disorders was present in people who were professionally inactive, who defined their monthly income as insufficient, who felt uncertainty after diabetes diagnosis, whose treatment included both diet and insulin intake, who had problems with foot care, and who did not follow the diabetes treatment principles. The respondents who declared lack of support from their spouses felt the impact of diabetes on their mental well-being and confirmed the need for help in connection with the disease and had increased levels of depressive disorders. Conclusions: Due to the occurrence of depressive symptoms among diabetes patients it is necessary to conduct screening research for depressive disorders. It should be an indispensable element of the therapeutic team’s activities. enable action to be taken in order to prevent their aggravation and provide holistic care to patients. The presented results are fragments of research carried out as a part of statutory project disorders in
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