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Critical state-of-the-art literature review of surface roughness in incremental sheet forming: A comparative analysis 关于增量板材成形中表面粗糙度的最新关键文献综述:比较分析
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100625

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a controlled and die-less forming process that can produce customized products from the sheets layer by layer using the same setup, i.e., forming tools and machine. This novel and emerging forming technique can potentially be useful as a green aspect of manufacturing by reducing the required power and by saving the resources for producing the components of lightweight materials because material is deformed locally during ISF. The surface quality of the formed parts from sheet material affects the aesthetics aspects, stress concentration, fatigue life and their applicability. This review article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review for various aspects and parameters of ISF process that affect the surface roughness significantly by conducting literature survey quantitatively. Furthermore, the techniques of ISF and roles of various parameters responsible for affecting the surface quality of parts have also been explored for providing the critics for existing literature and setting the further guidelines for the researchers. Various instruments used for measuring the surface roughness of parts formed by ISF has also been discussed. Comparative analysis of exiting literature available in the context of various process parameters, ISF hardware, and surface roughness makes this study comprehensive and exhaustive for the researchers to find the gaps and challenges in this field. The relationship of wall angle with other process parameters can be explored in the future to obtain the desired surface quality of a particular material. Significant parameters responsible for the surface quality have also been discussed critically. Further, the new tool paths can be developed for high surface quality and low forming time. A study on the selection of feed rate for various applications and relation with other parameter is also recommended for the future work. The lubricants with additives can further be tested for high surface quality of ISF. Further, significant study on surface roughness is not conducted on hybrid sheet forming and other advanced variants of ISF (like hot forming, friction stir assisted incremental forming, waterjet forming). It is required to develop the comparisons between the different techniques of ISF. Results also showed that majority of researchers used SPIF technique followed by DSIF and hybrid ISF.

增量式板材成型(ISF)是一种可控的无模成型工艺,可使用相同的设置(即成型工具和机器)将板材逐层制成定制产品。由于材料在 ISF 成型过程中会发生局部变形,因此这种新兴的成型技术在生产轻质材料部件时可减少所需的动力并节省资源,从而有可能成为一种绿色制造技术。板材成型零件的表面质量会影响美观、应力集中、疲劳寿命及其适用性。本综述文章旨在通过定量的文献调查,对严重影响表面粗糙度的 ISF 工艺的各个方面和参数进行最新综述。此外,文章还探讨了 ISF 技术以及影响零件表面质量的各种参数的作用,以便对现有文献进行批判,并为研究人员提供进一步的指导。此外,还讨论了用于测量 ISF 制成的零件表面粗糙度的各种仪器。对各种工艺参数、ISF 硬件和表面粗糙度方面的现有文献进行比较分析,使本研究全面详尽,便于研究人员找到该领域的差距和挑战。今后还可以探讨壁角与其他工艺参数的关系,以获得特定材料所需的表面质量。此外,还对影响表面质量的重要参数进行了批判性讨论。此外,还可以开发新的刀具路径,以获得较高的表面质量和较短的成形时间。此外,还建议在今后的工作中对各种应用的进给量选择以及与其他参数的关系进行研究。还可以进一步测试添加剂的润滑剂,以提高 ISF 的表面质量。此外,对混合板材成形和 ISF 的其他先进变体(如热成形、摩擦搅拌辅助增量成形、水刀成形)的表面粗糙度还没有进行深入研究。需要对 ISF 的不同技术进行比较。研究结果还显示,大多数研究人员使用了 SPIF 技术,其次是 DSIF 和混合 ISF。
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引用次数: 0
Minimizing surface adhesion of Sylgard 184 for medical applications 最大限度减少医疗应用中 Sylgard 184 的表面附着力
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100624

Silicones such Sylgard 184 are widely employed in biological applications due to their versatile properties. However, their inherently adhesive surfaces can restrict their application, especially in direct contact with damaged biological tissues, potentially compromising patient comfort. To enhance the surface properties of Sylgard 184 while maintaining its transparency in the visible spectrum, a novel low-temperature method (70 °C) has been developed. This method involves immersing PDMS in a solution of titanium (IV) ethoxide in THF, thus inducing swelling of the silicone's polymer network, followed by the diffusion and condensation of titanium (IV) ethoxide within the polymer matrix. The resulting hybrid material, incorporating amorphous titanium oxide within the silicone network, exhibits significantly increased surface hardness compared to unmodified Sylgard 184, while retaining transparency and improving biological behaviour. The elaborated method holds promising potential for enhancing the performance of silicone-based materials in diverse biomedical applications.

Sylgard 184 等有机硅因其多功能特性而被广泛应用于生物领域。然而,其固有的粘性表面会限制其应用,特别是在直接接触受损生物组织时,可能会影响患者的舒适度。为了增强 Sylgard 184 的表面特性,同时保持其在可见光谱下的透明度,我们开发了一种新型低温方法(70 °C)。这种方法是将 PDMS 浸入乙醇钛(IV)的四氢呋喃溶液中,从而引起硅树脂聚合物网络的膨胀,随后乙醇钛(IV)在聚合物基质中扩散并凝结。与未改性的 Sylgard 184 相比,在有机硅网络中加入无定形氧化钛的混合材料的表面硬度显著提高,同时还保持了透明度并改善了生物特性。所阐述的方法有望提高硅基材料在各种生物医学应用中的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible PMN-PT/rGO/PVDF-TrFE based composites for triboelectric and piezoelectric energy harvesting 基于柔性 PMN-PT/rGO/PVDF-TrFE 的三电和压电能量采集复合材料
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100626

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have gained prodigious attention due to the increasing demand of nano and micro energy for driving of miniaturized electronic devices, sensors, and various internet of things. The key challenges that are currently in focus are material selection and simple fabrication techniques for improved electrical performance along with good mechanical properties and flexibility. Herein, a ferroelectric polymer, poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethyne) (PVDF-TrFE), is chosen as a flexible material due to its promising prospect for energy harvesting. To improve the performance, a ceramic material, 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), with very high piezoelectric properties has been selected as the reinforcement. Further, reduced graphene oxide has been added as a conducting filler to promote charge conduction. A remarkable enhancement in output voltage of nearly 3 fold is achieved in PVDF-TrFE/PMN-PT (PP) polymer composite as compared to the base polymer PVDF-TrFE (P) TENG device. Furthermore, the PVDF-TrFE/rGO/PMN-PT (PPR) as a PENG illustrates a great improvement in output current of the order of 2 as compared to the pristine polymer. The maximum output voltage as shown by the TENG is 200 V and the maximum current that is shown by the PENG is 30 µA. Therefore, the fabricated PMN-PT based PVDF-TrFE nanogenerators have an immense prospect for applications in self-powered systems.

柔性压电纳米发电机(PENG)和三电纳米发电机(TENG)受到了广泛的关注,因为在驱动小型化电子设备、传感器和各种物联网时,对纳米和微型能源的需求日益增长。目前的主要挑战是如何选择材料和简单的制造技术,以提高电气性能以及良好的机械性能和灵活性。本文选择了一种铁电聚合物--聚(偏氟乙烯-共三氟乙烯)(PVDF-TrFE)作为柔性材料,因为它在能量收集方面具有广阔的前景。为了提高性能,我们选择了具有极高压电特性的陶瓷材料 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) 作为增强材料。此外,还添加了还原氧化石墨烯作为导电填料,以促进电荷传导。与基础聚合物 PVDF-TrFE (P) TENG 器件相比,PVDF-TrFE/PMN-PT (PP) 聚合物复合材料的输出电压明显提高了近 3 倍。此外,作为 PENG 的 PVDF-TrFE/rGO/PMN-PT(PPR)与原始聚合物相比,输出电流大大提高了 2 倍。TENG 显示的最大输出电压为 200 V,PENG 显示的最大电流为 30 µA。因此,基于 PMN-PT 的 PVDF-TrFE 纳米发电机在自供电系统中具有广阔的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Models for predicting corrosion inhibition efficiency of common drugs on steel surfaces: A rationalized comparison among methodologies 钢铁表面常见药物缓蚀效率的预测模型:各种方法的合理比较
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100621

Several anticorrosive treatments have been proposed over time to create protective layers to hinder the corrosion phenomenon. In recent years, organic molecules from plant extracts and expired drugs have been tested due to their potential corrosion inhibition properties. However, direct corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE%) evaluation requires costly reactants and a specific experimental setup. Quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) proposes modeling IE% in terms of variables measured in previous experiments or determined by theoretical approaches. Computed descriptors, such as ionization energy (I), electronic affinity (A), or global hardness, were added to a database of physicochemical properties. This work compares several methodologies to obtain precise yet portable mathematical models for predicting corrosion inhibition efficiency. As an original approach from this research group, nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX), using forward regression with orthogonal least squares (FROLS), models were implemented as a robust method to get nonlinear portable models and to determine the most important variables impacting IE%. Contrastingly, ordinary least squares (OLS) methodology was employed with the novelty of applying power series expansions from the promoted FROLS variables for linear and polynomial regression with only one independent variable, which resulted in clearer graph visualization of trends and the ease of proposing thumb rules based on raw information. Finally, IBM Watson was also compared as a robust yet non-portable and highly parametrized alternative to conventional mathematical approaches, based on extra trees regressor (ETR). The models were compared using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean-squared error (MSE), and root-mean-squared error (RMSE). Overall, models with fewer variables and up to second-order terms show improved performance. The main tendencies of IE%, drawn by inferences for 630 substances by second-order NARX, are analyzed. Also, the determinant role of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy was reported. Experimentalists can take advantage of a “cost-free” general approach that can obtain estimations for IE% values with errors of about 6 %, in particular the second-order NARX model.

随着时间的推移,人们提出了几种防腐处理方法,以形成保护层来阻止腐蚀现象。近年来,从植物提取物和过期药物中提取的有机分子因其潜在的缓蚀特性而受到测试。然而,直接评估缓蚀效率(IE%)需要昂贵的反应物和特定的实验装置。定量-结构-活性关系(QSAR)建议根据以往实验中测量的变量或理论方法确定的变量来建立 IE% 模型。计算出的描述符(如电离能 (I)、电子亲和力 (A) 或整体硬度)被添加到理化性质数据库中。这项工作对几种方法进行了比较,以获得预测缓蚀效率的精确而便携的数学模型。作为该研究小组的独创方法,使用正交最小二乘法前向回归(FROLS)的外生输入非线性自回归移动平均(NARMAX)模型被作为一种稳健的方法来获得非线性可移植模型,并确定影响 IE% 的最重要变量。与此形成鲜明对比的是,普通最小二乘法(OLS)采用了一种新方法,即在仅有一个自变量的情况下,将正交最小二乘法(FROLS)变量的幂级数展开应用于线性回归和多项式回归,从而使趋势图更加清晰可视,并便于根据原始信息提出经验法则。最后,IBM Watson 作为传统数学方法的一种稳健但非便携且高度参数化的替代方法,基于额外树回归器(ETR)进行了比较。使用平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE)、均方误差 (MSE) 和均方根误差 (RMSE) 对模型进行了比较。总体而言,变量较少且最多为二阶项的模型性能有所改善。通过二阶 NARX 对 630 种物质的推断,分析了 IE% 的主要趋势。此外,还报告了最高占据分子轨道能量的决定性作用。实验人员可以利用一种 "无成本 "的通用方法,尤其是二阶 NARX 模型,获得误差约为 6% 的 IE% 估计值。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Au nanoparticles on mitigating the negative impacts of humidity on ZnO gas sensors to detect triethylamine at room temperature 金纳米粒子对减轻湿度对氧化锌气体传感器在室温下检测三乙胺的负面影响的影响
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100623

The impact of humidity on the efficiency of gas sensors has become highlighted in the realm of gas detection. Due to the complex relationship between humidity and gas sensor performance, the development of gas sensors has recently focused on minimizing humidity-related interference. This research aims to address humidity-related challenges in zinc oxide (ZnO) gas sensors designed to detect triethylamine. The ZnO nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized using thermal decomposition methods at varying temperatures (380 °C, 480 °C, and 580 °C) and annealing times (3 h, 7 h, 12 h, and 21 h). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a wurtzite hexagonal close-packed structure in ZnO NSs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images provided insights into the morphologies of ZnO NSs at different annealing temperatures, while energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrated the elemental distribution. Subsequently, gold (Au) nanoparticles were uniformly sputtered onto ZnO sensors with thickness variations (0.1 nm, 0.6 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm, and 10 nm). XPS was employed to analyse the elemental composition and oxygen vacancies of the synthesized sensing materials. The effectiveness of 0.6 nm-thick Au nanoparticles in mitigating humidity effects was observed in ZnO sensors synthesized at 380 °C. The results indicated that ZnO sensors coated with 0.6 nm-thick Au nanoparticles exhibited highly stable responses to ethanol and triethylamine at different humidity levels from 50 % to 90 %. Notably, these sensors demonstrated promising selectivity towards triethylamine (with a response of 17.57) compared to various gas targets at room temperature. The sensor exhibited rapid response and recovery times of 9.8 s and 4.4 s, respectively, toward triethylamine with excellent stability in variable humid environments. The sensor maintained a consistent response over 24 days, demonstrating good stability at high humidity.

在气体检测领域,湿度对气体传感器效率的影响已成为一个突出问题。由于湿度与气体传感器性能之间的复杂关系,最近气体传感器的开发重点是最大限度地减少与湿度有关的干扰。本研究旨在解决设计用于检测三乙胺的氧化锌(ZnO)气体传感器中与湿度有关的难题。氧化锌纳米结构(NSs)是在不同温度(380 °C、480 °C和580 °C)和退火时间(3小时、7小时、12小时和21小时)下采用热分解方法合成的。X 射线衍射(XRD)证实 ZnO NSs 形成了钨六方紧密堆积结构。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像提供了不同退火温度下 ZnO NSs 的形态,而能量色散光谱(EDS)则显示了元素的分布。随后,金(Au)纳米粒子被均匀地溅射到厚度不同(0.1 nm、0.6 nm、1 nm、5 nm 和 10 nm)的氧化锌传感器上。利用 XPS 分析了合成传感材料的元素组成和氧空位。在 380 ℃ 合成的氧化锌传感器中观察到了 0.6 nm 厚的金纳米粒子在减轻湿度效应方面的有效性。结果表明,镀有 0.6 nm 厚金纳米粒子的氧化锌传感器在 50% 至 90% 的不同湿度水平下对乙醇和三乙胺的反应非常稳定。值得注意的是,与室温下的各种气体目标相比,这些传感器对三乙胺具有良好的选择性(响应为 17.57)。该传感器对三乙胺的快速响应和恢复时间分别为 9.8 秒和 4.4 秒,在多变的潮湿环境中具有出色的稳定性。该传感器在 24 天内保持了一致的响应,显示了在高湿度环境下的良好稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the impact of laser surface oxidation parameters on surface chemistry and corrosion behaviour of AISI 316L stainless steel 探索激光表面氧化参数对 AISI 316L 不锈钢表面化学性质和腐蚀行为的影响
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100622

This study delves into the corrosion resistance enhancement of stainless steel through laser processing, focusing on the interplay between surface chemistry, morphology, and electrochemical properties. Two sets of 3 × 3 full factorial design of experiment (DoE) designs were employed to explore the influence of laser process parameters, including power, scan speed, frequency, and hatching distance. The findings underscore the superiority of reduced areal energy in producing optimal corrosion resistance 10 times better then unprocessed stainless steel, demonstrating the best results under optimized conditions of a 15 µm hatching distance, 250 mm/s scan speed, 100 kHz frequency, and 80 % power. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals the predominant surface composition of iron and chromium oxides, with variations in the oxide combinations correlating closely with areal energy. Depth profiling revealed the transformation of oxide layers and highlights the importance of chromium-to-iron ratio in surface corrosion behaviour. Cyclic polarisation results demonstrate the formation of passive, transpassive, and pitting domains, with metastable pitting observed in some samples. The direct positive correlation recorded between corrosion current and Cr/Fe ratio underscores the significance of oxide composition in corrosion resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further confirmed the superior corrosion resistance of laser-processed samples to non-laser processed samples, with lower areal energy exhibiting higher resistance compared to higher areal energy. SEM morphology analysis revealed the removal of surface defects and the formation of a protective oxide layer in laser-processed samples, with lower areal energy samples exhibiting the lowest level of surface defects. The 3D optical profilometer measurements of corrosion pits corroborate these findings, with lower areal energy samples demonstrating the lowest pit depth and area, indicating superior corrosion resistance. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into optimizing laser processing parameters to enhance the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, offering valuable understanding and strategy for improving the metal surface corrosion resistance.

本研究深入探讨了通过激光加工提高不锈钢耐腐蚀性的问题,重点关注表面化学、形态和电化学性能之间的相互作用。研究采用了两组 3 × 3 全因子实验设计(DoE)来探讨激光加工参数的影响,包括功率、扫描速度、频率和孵化距离。研究结果表明,在 15 µm 的孵化距离、250 mm/s 的扫描速度、100 kHz 的频率和 80 % 的功率等优化条件下,降低等值能量可产生比未处理不锈钢高 10 倍的最佳耐腐蚀性。X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 分析表明,铁和铬氧化物是主要的表面成分,氧化物组合的变化与等能量密切相关。深度剖析显示了氧化层的变化,并突出了铬-铁比率在表面腐蚀行为中的重要性。循环极化结果表明形成了被动域、迁移域和点蚀域,并在一些样品中观察到了可迁移点蚀。腐蚀电流与铬/铁比率之间的直接正相关性突出表明了氧化物成分在耐腐蚀性中的重要作用。电化学阻抗光谱(EIS)进一步证实了激光加工样品的耐腐蚀性优于非激光加工样品,与较高的等能量相比,较低的等能量表现出更高的耐腐蚀性。扫描电子显微镜形态分析表明,激光加工样品的表面缺陷被消除,并形成了保护性氧化层,其中低能量样品的表面缺陷程度最低。对腐蚀坑的三维光学轮廓仪测量也证实了这些发现,低等值能量样品的腐蚀坑深度和面积最小,表明其具有优异的耐腐蚀性。总之,这项研究为优化激光加工参数以提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性提供了全面的见解,为提高金属表面的耐腐蚀性提供了宝贵的认识和策略。
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引用次数: 0
Improving inhibition efficiency of 304 stainless steel using an organic extract in acidic and high temperature environment: Experimental and theoretical studies 在酸性和高温环境中使用有机提取物提高 304 不锈钢的抑制效率:实验和理论研究
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100620

Many organic inhibitors have been proposed for corrosion protection of 304 stainless steel (SS), but its effectiveness in acidic and high temperature environment is challenged. We utilized Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. grey leaf extract (TDLE) as an eco-friendly organic inhibitor to protect 304 stainless steel (SS) in acidic environment (1 M HCl) at high temperature (65 °C). The performance of TDLE was studied electrochemically using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The surface of the metal was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The theoretical calculation was also studied to understand the inhibition process. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases reaching 98.48 % at 65 °C in the presence of 3.5 g/L TDLE. The inhibition of TDLE on 304 SS surface was adsorption spontaneously based in Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The SEM images show significant improvement of the 304 SS surface with TDLE. A theoretical study indicates that methyl 3.5-dicaffeoyl quinate is the most active inhibitor in TDLE. The study revealed that TDLE had good performance for inhibiting in acidic and high temperature environment.

已有许多有机抑制剂被用于 304 不锈钢(SS)的腐蚀保护,但其在酸性和高温环境中的有效性受到质疑。我们利用 Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. 灰叶提取物(TDLE)作为一种环保型有机抑制剂,在高温(65 °C)酸性环境(1 M HCl)中保护 304 不锈钢(SS)。使用电位极化和电化学阻抗光谱技术对 TDLE 的性能进行了电化学研究。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对金属表面进行了表征。同时还进行了理论计算,以了解其缓蚀过程。在 3.5 g/L TDLE 的存在下,65 °C 时的缓蚀效率提高到 98.48%。根据 Langmuir 吸附等温线,TDLE 在 304 SS 表面的抑制作用是自发的。SEM 图像显示,TDLE 使 304 SS 表面得到明显改善。理论研究表明,3.5-二咖啡酰基醌酸甲酯是 TDLE 中最活跃的抑制剂。研究表明,TDLE 在酸性和高温环境中具有良好的抑制性能。
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引用次数: 0
The synergic effect of nanosecond fiber laser and drug-loaded electrospun PVA coating on metallurgical and biological characteristics of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy 纳秒光纤激光和药物电纺 PVA 涂层对 Ti-6Al-4 V 合金冶金和生物特性的协同效应
IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100619
Tahmine Rajabi , Homam Naffakh-Moosavy , Fatemeh Bagheri

Nowadays, titanium-based implants are widely used to replace damaged or missing body organs. Poor chemical bonding with the bone and infection caused by formation of biofilm on the implant surface are the most common problems with them. So, antibacterial properties and osteoblast adhesion improvement have been intended to address these issues. The aim of this research is cell adhesion improvement and prevention of bacterial infection using surface roughness and in-situ antibiotic drug release. Here, micromachining (nanoseconds) laser with a groove distance of 10, 30, and 50 µm, was used to surface modification. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), hardness, roughness, and wettability tests were used for physical and metallurgical characterization of surface-modified samples to find the optimum laser processing conditions. Roughness has increased as a result of laser surface modification and surface characteristics of alloy exhibit sensitivity to the groove distance. The lower groove distance indicated the higher roughness and wettability. Martensite phase, α phase, and, Ti3Al were observed in the fusion zone. Also, the dissolution of the beta phase has occurred in the fusion and the heat-affected zones. No oxidation was observed. All these occurred without any change in bulk. Then optimized sample surfaces were coated by the vancomycin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol solution using electrospinning process, and toxicity, cell adhesion, and drug release rate were evaluated. The results showed laser surface modification and coating did not hurt cell viability. Modified samples demonstrated high cell adhesion and improvement in drug release compared to the unmodified samples. The drug release rate was extended from 4 h to 25 h for modified samples. So, the modified implants could indicate a sustained release of antibiotics as well.

如今,钛基植入物被广泛用于替代受损或缺失的人体器官。钛基植入物最常见的问题是与骨骼的化学结合力差,以及植入物表面形成生物膜导致感染。因此,抗菌性能和成骨细胞粘附性的改善是解决这些问题的目的。本研究的目的是利用表面粗糙度和原位抗生素药物释放来改善细胞粘附性和预防细菌感染。在这里,使用了沟距分别为 10、30 和 50 微米的微加工(纳秒级)激光进行表面改性。利用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、硬度、粗糙度和润湿性测试对表面改性样品进行物理和冶金表征,以找到最佳的激光加工条件。粗糙度因激光表面改性而增加,合金的表面特性对沟槽距离很敏感。槽距越小,粗糙度和润湿性越高。在熔合区观察到马氏体相、α 相和 Ti3Al。此外,在熔合区和热影响区还出现了β相的溶解。没有观察到氧化现象。所有这些现象的发生都没有改变体积。然后,利用电纺丝工艺在优化的样品表面涂覆万古霉素负载的聚乙烯醇溶液,并对其毒性、细胞粘附性和药物释放率进行了评估。结果表明,激光表面改性和涂层不会损害细胞活力。与未改性样品相比,改性样品具有较高的细胞粘附性,药物释放率也有所提高。改性样品的药物释放时间从 4 小时延长到 25 小时。因此,改良后的植入物也能显示出抗生素的持续释放。
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引用次数: 0
Antisense oligonucleotide conjugated gold nanoconstructs-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of SARS-CoV-2 基于反义寡核苷酸共轭金纳米结构的电化学生物传感器用于检测 SARS-CoV-2
IF 7.5 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100618
Tejaswini P. Patil , Vishakha S. Parkhe , Somnath S. Kundale , Rajanish K. Kamat , Tukaram D. Dongale , Rajendra S Patil , Arpita P. Tiwari

Nanoconstructs of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with SARS-CoV-2 specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) have been utilized to develop sensitive electrochemical nucleic acid biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. AuNPs were prepared through a one-pot synthesis method by utilizing Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) biopolymer and as synthesised AuNP were characterized by various analytical techniques such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Poly-L-Lysine functionalized AuNPs (PLL-AuNPs) nanoconstructs platform was employed for immobilization of SARS-CoV-2 specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASO-conjugated PLL-AuNPs) via electrostatic interactions. The PLL-AuNPs were drop casted on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) following immobilization of ASO for fabrication of electrochemical biosensor. The ASO-conjugated PLL-AuNPs nanoconstructs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The responsiveness of ASO-conjugated PLL-AuNPs nanoconstructs in presence SARS-CoV-2 RNA was monitored using the DPV, SWV and EIS technique, where methylene blue was employed as an electrochemical indicator for DNA-RNA hybridization detection. The biosensor exhibits a detection range for SARS-CoV-2 RNA infection ranging from 0 to 100 nM, with a limit of detection at 30.2 nM. The electrode, modified with ASO-conjugated PLL-AuNPs, was employed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from clinical samples collected from COVID-19-positive individuals.

利用与 SARS-CoV-2 特异性反义寡核苷酸(ASO)共轭的金纳米粒子(AuNPs)纳米结构开发了灵敏的电化学核酸生物传感器,用于检测 SARS-CoV-2 RNA。利用聚-L-赖氨酸(PLL)生物聚合物通过一锅合成法制备了 AuNPs,并通过紫外可见光谱、X 射线衍射(XRD)分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、ZETA 电位和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等各种分析技术对合成的 AuNPs 进行了表征。利用聚赖氨酸功能化 AuNPs(PLL-AuNPs)纳米结构平台,通过静电相互作用固定 SARS-CoV-2 特异性反义寡核苷酸(ASO 共轭 PLL-AuNPs)。在固定 ASO 后,将 PLL-AuNPs 滴铸在玻璃碳电极(GCE)上,用于制造电化学生物传感器。通过循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术对 ASO 共轭的 PLL-AuNPs 纳米结构进行了表征。利用 DPV、SWV 和 EIS 技术监测了 ASO 共轭 PLL-AuNPs 纳米结构在 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 存在下的响应性,其中亚甲基蓝被用作 DNA-RNA 杂交检测的电化学指示剂。该生物传感器对 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 感染的检测范围为 0 至 100 nM,检测限为 30.2 nM。该电极由 ASO 共轭 PLL-AuNPs 修饰,用于检测从 COVID-19 阳性个体采集的临床样本中的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of various treatment parameters in duplex plasma nitrided and diamond-like carbon coating on high-cycle fatigue and fretting fatigue lifetimes of piston pin 16MnCr5 steel 双相等离子氮化和类金刚石碳涂层中各种处理参数对活塞销 16MnCr5 钢高循环疲劳寿命和摩擦疲劳寿命的影响
IF 7.5 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100616
Mobin Dizisaz, Mohammad Azadi

This paper investigates the impact of duplex plasma nitriding and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on the pure fatigue and fretting fatigue properties of 16MnCr5 steel extracted from industrial piston pins used in combustion engines. Two different nitriding and DLC coating processes were performed: "DLC-A" and "DLC-B". The Raman spectrometry and microhardness tests were utilized to evaluate the formation of DLC coating on the sample. Subsequently, the pure and fretting fatigue tests (at 350 MPa and under 100 Hz of the frequency) were performed on as-cast and DLC-coated specimens to obtain the effect of coatings on the fatigue behaviors of the 16MnCr5 steel. Finally, the formation of the DLC layer and the fracture mechanisms were also briefly investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Then, the obtained results demonstrated that DLC coating ("DLC-B") increased the fatigue lifetime of 16MnCr5 steel by 47.7 % and 85.3 % in pure and fretting fatigue conditions, respectively. This layer can improve the surface properties of engineering materials and components, which can enhance the fatigue lifetime by increasing microhardness and compressive residual stress, reducing wear and friction, and improving adhesion between the substrate and coating. However, due to the white layer, the “DLC-A” improperly enhanced the material performance.

本文研究了双相等离子氮化和类金刚石碳(DLC)涂层对从内燃机工业活塞销中提取的 16MnCr5 钢的纯疲劳和摩擦疲劳性能的影响。我们采用了两种不同的氮化和 DLC 涂层工艺:"DLC-A "和 "DLC-B"。拉曼光谱和显微硬度测试用于评估样品上 DLC 涂层的形成。随后,对原铸试样和 DLC 涂层试样进行了纯疲劳和摩擦疲劳试验(350 兆帕和 100 赫兹频率下),以了解涂层对 16MnCr5 钢疲劳行为的影响。最后,还使用场发射扫描电子显微镜简要研究了 DLC 层的形成和断裂机制。结果表明,DLC 涂层("DLC-B")使 16MnCr5 钢在纯疲劳和摩擦疲劳条件下的疲劳寿命分别提高了 47.7% 和 85.3%。该层可以改善工程材料和部件的表面性能,通过提高微硬度和压缩残余应力、减少磨损和摩擦以及改善基体和涂层之间的附着力来提高疲劳寿命。然而,由于白层的存在,"DLC-A "并不能很好地提高材料的性能。
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Applied Surface Science Advances
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