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Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''最新文献

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A neo-narodnik in the country building socialism. V. F. Koptev — pages of little-known fate 建设社会主义国家的新民粹派。v·f·柯普捷夫——几页鲜为人知的命运
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-99-105
S. Novikov
The transformation of the cultural sphere in the locality is the theme of local history. We will study the 1920s despite the fact that the transformations began after the victory of representatives of the Soviet government in the Civil War in Russia. We consider local history as a component of the country’s history, identifying regional features of the process in a specific chronological period. The result of the study is the identification of the role of supporters of non-proletarian parties in the cultural and educational activities of the Soviet government in settlements. One of the participants in this process was a neo-narodnik by ideology, and a teacher by vocation, V. F. Koptev. Special attention is paid to the cooperation of the school with the «Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers» which made it possible to receive financial assistance for the construction of a new school building, the opening of a museum, the creation of a reading room, and the allocation of scholarships for children in need. Students had the opportunity to visit Omsk, Leningrad, Moscow. Children could get acquainted with the participants of the «Tchaikovsky case», writers, artists, actors.
地方文化领域的转型是地方史研究的主题。我们将研究20世纪20年代,尽管这种转变是在苏维埃政府代表在俄国内战中取得胜利之后开始的。我们将地方历史视为国家历史的一个组成部分,在特定的时间顺序时期确定该过程的区域特征。研究的结果是确定非无产阶级政党的支持者在苏维埃政府在定居点的文化和教育活动中的作用。这一过程的参与者之一是一位新民粹派分子,也是一位职业教师,他叫v·f·科普捷夫。特别值得注意的是,学校与“前政治犯和流亡定居者协会”的合作使其能够获得财政援助,用于建造新校舍、开放博物馆、创建阅览室和为有需要的儿童分配奖学金。学生们有机会参观鄂木斯克、列宁格勒和莫斯科。孩子们可以结识«柴可夫斯基案»的参与者,作家,艺术家,演员。
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引用次数: 0
The issue of checks by Vladivostok branch of State Bank in 1920 1920年,国家银行海参崴分行发行的支票
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-40-48
A. Kiselev
The paper analyzes the issue of the Vladivostok branch of the State Bank of checks with a face value of 1000 rubles in January 1920, which became an attempt to replenish the stocks of banknotes to overcome the financial crisis that arose as a result of the Civil War and military intervention in the Russian Far East. The purpose of the work is to analyze known and, introducing into scientific circulation, identified historical sources that clarify and reveal certain issues when making a decision and organizing the issuance of checks by the Vladivostok branch of the State Bank. The theoretical basis of the study is a systematic approach and a comparative historical method. The author comes to the conclusion about the failure of issuance measures at the issuance stage, due to the intervention of counterfeiters. The failure of the checks increased the influence of foreign exchange in the region. The publication is addressed to researchers of financial policy during the Civil War and intervention in Russia.
本文分析了1920年1月,俄罗斯国家银行符拉迪沃斯托克分行发行的面值为1000卢布的支票,这是为了补充纸币库存,以克服由于内战和俄罗斯远东军事干预而产生的金融危机。这项工作的目的是分析已知的,并在科学流通中引入已确定的历史来源,以澄清和揭示国家银行符拉迪沃斯托克分行在作出决定和组织签发支票时的某些问题。本研究的理论基础是系统方法和比较历史方法。作者得出了发行阶段发行措施失效的结论,主要是由于造假者的干预。检查的失败增加了外汇在该地区的影响。该出版物是针对内战期间的金融政策和干预俄罗斯的研究人员。
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引用次数: 0
Altai provincial Union of war crippled (1918–1920) 残废的阿尔泰省联盟(1918-1920)
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-2-49-56
K. A. Tishkina
The development of charity in Russia is increasingly reflected in contemporary Russian historiography. The military-revolutionary period of 1914–1920, associated with large-scale social cataclysms, in this respect it is especially relevant. The study of regional specifics is important for the disclosure of the problem. The purpose of the study is to reveal, using the example of the Altai provincial of war crippled (AlthrovUC), the peculiarities of the formation and activity of public associations under the conditions of the Russian Civil War in Siberia that provided support to disabled people of the First World War (training, employment, social care and adaptation, etc.). The source base of the work is the unpublished sources from the collections of the State Archives of the Altai Territory and materials of the West Siberian press, which are first introduced into scientific circulation. The anthropological approach and the theory of social adaptation became the methodological basis of the work. The author concludes that, despite the difficult conditions of the Russian Civil War (general financial and social crisis), AlthrovUC employees made a significant contribution to supporting the disabled of the First World War.
俄罗斯慈善事业的发展越来越多地反映在当代俄罗斯史学中。1914-1920年的军事革命时期,伴随着大规模的社会灾难,在这方面尤其相关。研究区域特殊性对揭示问题具有重要意义。本研究的目的是,以阿尔泰战争残障省(AlthrovUC)为例,揭示在俄罗斯内战条件下西伯利亚公共协会的形成和活动的特点,这些协会为第一次世界大战的残疾人提供支持(培训,就业,社会关怀和适应等)。该工作的来源基础是阿尔泰地区国家档案馆和西西伯利亚出版社的未发表的资料,这些资料首次引入科学流通。人类学研究方法和社会适应理论成为研究的方法论基础。作者的结论是,尽管俄罗斯内战的困难条件(普遍的财政和社会危机),AlthrovUC员工为支持第一次世界大战的残疾人做出了重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Adventurer in ranks of the secret services? To the biography of Pyotr Vasilyevich Glinko– Appin 秘密机构里的冒险家?彼得·瓦西里耶维奇·格林科·阿平的传记
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-4-74-81
D. I. Petin
The article deals with the problem of embedding foreigners in the early Soviet society in the conditions of the end of the Civil War in Siberia. For this purpose, on the basis of the anthropological approach, theories of social adaptation and social identity, the biography of the representative of the Czech intelligentsia Pyotr Vasilyevich Glinko–Appin is analyzed. The final stage of his life was associated with work in the special services of anti-Bolshevik and pro-Soviet authorities, being in custody, participating in the Soviet underground, and working as a civil engineer. The basis for the study is a complex of unpublished forensic and investigative materials that are part of the archival criminal case against the hero of the story. In conclusion, it is emphasized that a foreign officer with an anti-Bolshevik past could not count on successful social adaptation in the conditions of Soviet Russia.
本文探讨了在西伯利亚内战结束的条件下,外国人在苏维埃早期社会的嵌入问题。为此,本文在人类学研究方法、社会适应理论和社会认同理论的基础上,对捷克知识分子代表人物彼得·瓦西里耶维奇·格林科-阿平的传记进行了分析。他生命的最后阶段与反布尔什维克和亲苏当局的特别服务工作有关,被拘留,参加苏联地下组织,并担任土木工程师。这项研究的基础是一堆未发表的法医和调查材料,这些材料是针对故事主人公的刑事案件档案的一部分。总之,它强调,一个具有反布尔什维克过去的外国官员不能指望在苏俄的条件下成功地适应社会。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical foundations of activities of executive authorities to reform health care system in Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦行政机关改革卫生保健制度活动的理论基础
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-2-148-154
E. S. Gusar, I. N. Primyshev
The authors identified the main factors influencing the process of reforming the health care system in Russia. The purpose is to study the essence and main features of the health care system in order to analyze the activities of executive authorities to reform the health care system in the Russian Federation. The authors noted that the health care system in Russia is built according to the district principle, which involves the division of certain territories into certain medical areas. The system of governing bodies of the health care system in the Russian Federation has been studied in more detail. The main powers of executive authorities in the management and reform of the health care system are determined. It is concluded that in modern conditions the management of the health care system in the Russian Federation is carried out by various authorities in the state, both at the federal and regional levels. However, reforming the health care system and organizing the achievement of health care goals for the protection of the health of individuals is carried out only by executive authorities with their inherent structure and powers.
作者确定了影响俄罗斯医疗体制改革进程的主要因素。目的是研究卫生保健系统的本质和主要特征,以分析俄罗斯联邦行政当局改革卫生保健系统的活动。提交人指出,俄罗斯的卫生保健系统是根据地区原则建立的,这涉及将某些领土划分为某些医疗区域。对俄罗斯联邦保健系统的理事机构制度进行了更详细的研究。确定了行政机关在卫生体制管理和改革中的主要权力。结论是,在现代条件下,俄罗斯联邦医疗保健系统的管理是由联邦和地区各级国家各当局进行的。然而,改革卫生保健制度和组织实现保护个人健康的卫生保健目标,只能由行政当局以其固有的结构和权力来执行。
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引用次数: 0
Creation of model libraries in the region as one of ways to improve life quality of population of the Omsk region 在该地区建立模范图书馆是提高鄂木斯克地区人口生活质量的方法之一
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-1-147-151
E. V. Medvedev
In this article, the author shows the relationship between model libraries and their impact on the quality of life of the local population. The aim of the research is to analyze the processes of influence of model libraries on the quality of life of people and to establish a connection between them. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions about the research done, confirming the relationship between the quality of life of the population of the Omsk region and model libraries.
在这篇文章中,作者展示了示范图书馆与它们对当地居民生活质量的影响之间的关系。研究的目的是分析模型图书馆对人们生活质量的影响过程,并建立它们之间的联系。最后,作者对所做的研究得出结论,确认了鄂木斯克地区人口的生活质量与模型图书馆之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
The training of teachers to work in rural schools in Siberia in late XIX–early XX centuries 十九世纪末至二十世纪初西伯利亚农村学校教师的培训
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-85-91
O. Ishchenko
The article is devoted to the characteristics of the main directions of training of future national teachers in teachers’ seminaries of Siberia in the late XIX–early XX centuries in accordance with the state policy of primary education development. The objectives of the study were to analyze the government policy in the field of primary education development in rural areas, to characterize its implementation in the activities of teachers’ seminaries in Siberia, to assess the compliance of the result of teacher training with the stated state goals. The author has analyzed government documents, materials of educational institutions, historical and pedagogical scientific works. This made it possible to identify the content and goals of training seminarians for educational and cultural activities in rural areas. During the years of his stay at the seminary, the future teacher had to learn how to conduct lessons and educate children, develop them aesthetically, instill hygiene skills in them, organize leisure time, help peasant society in mastering of agricultural knowledge, etc. Finally, it is concluded that in the conditions of Siberia, there was the people’s teacher who became the main source of educational and cultural impact on the peasant environment, which corresponded to the tasks set for him by the state, but was not accompanied by the necessary financial support on his part.
本文根据国家发展初等教育的方针,论述了19世纪末至20世纪初西伯利亚师范学院培养未来民族教师的主要方向的特点。这项研究的目的是分析政府在农村地区发展初等教育领域的政策,描述其在西伯利亚师范学院活动中的执行情况,评估教师培训的结果是否符合国家规定的目标。作者分析了政府文件、教育机构资料、历史和教学科学著作。这样就可以确定培训神学院学生参加农村地区教育和文化活动的内容和目标。在神学院的几年里,这位未来的教师必须学习如何上课和教育孩子,培养他们的审美,向他们灌输卫生技能,组织休闲时间,帮助农民社会掌握农业知识等等。最后得出结论,在西伯利亚的条件下,人民教师成为农民环境中教育和文化影响的主要来源,这与国家为他设定的任务相对应,但他没有得到必要的财政支持。
{"title":"The training of teachers to work in rural schools in Siberia in late XIX–early XX centuries","authors":"O. Ishchenko","doi":"10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-85-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-85-91","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the characteristics of the main directions of training of future national teachers in teachers’ seminaries of Siberia in the late XIX–early XX centuries in accordance with the state policy of primary education development. The objectives of the study were to analyze the government policy in the field of primary education development in rural areas, to characterize its implementation in the activities of teachers’ seminaries in Siberia, to assess the compliance of the result of teacher training with the stated state goals. The author has analyzed government documents, materials of educational institutions, historical and pedagogical scientific works. This made it possible to identify the content and goals of training seminarians for educational and cultural activities in rural areas. During the years of his stay at the seminary, the future teacher had to learn how to conduct lessons and educate children, develop them aesthetically, instill hygiene skills in them, organize leisure time, help peasant society in mastering of agricultural knowledge, etc. Finally, it is concluded that in the conditions of Siberia, there was the people’s teacher who became the main source of educational and cultural impact on the peasant environment, which corresponded to the tasks set for him by the state, but was not accompanied by the necessary financial support on his part.","PeriodicalId":34375,"journal":{"name":"Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89018799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of business education in context of development of youth entrepreneurship 青年创业发展背景下商科教育的特点
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-2-155-162
A. M. Shulzhenko
The development of the youth entrepreneurship sector contributes to an increase in youth employment, the well-being of citizens, the flow of tax revenues to the budget. Despite the obvious positive qualities inherent in young people, a number of negative factors persist, for example, a lack of material resources and experience, lack or insufficient availability of business contacts and knowledge in the field of business. The peculiarity of young people, as a potential business entity, lies in their sensitivity to such a form of support as business education. The article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of business education in the context of the development of youth entrepreneurship. The author suggests the term «business advise», analyzes its impact on youth. The research is based on general scientific methods of classification, generalization, comparison, analysis.
青年创业部门的发展有助于增加青年就业,提高公民福祉,增加财政收入。尽管青年人具有明显的积极品质,但仍然存在一些消极因素,例如,缺乏物质资源和经验,商业领域的商业联系和知识缺乏或不足。作为潜在的商业实体,年轻人的特点在于他们对商业教育等支持形式的敏感性。本文介绍了在青年创业发展背景下商业教育特征研究的结果。作者提出了“商业建议”一词,并分析了其对年轻人的影响。该研究是基于一般的科学方法,分类,概括,比较,分析。
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引用次数: 0
Soviet historiography of 1920s on buffer statehood in Russian Civil War period in the East of Russia 20世纪20年代苏联史学对内战时期俄罗斯东部缓冲国家地位的研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-3-9-19
V. Shishkin
The article analyzes Soviet publications of the 1920s studied the buffer statehood in the east of Russia during the period of the Russian Civil War and finds out their contribution to the development of the research problem in Russian historiography. The article concludes by arguing that the main contribution proposed in this field by them are exploring previously unknown unique historical sources and opening them for wide public access; use of different methodological approaches to studying the buffer state and statehood phenomenon; presentation of diverse opinions on the goals of buffer statehood and interpretations of its essence in the form of the Far Eastern Republic. The article shows that the publications of the 1920s has a different fate: some were immediately forgotten or deliberately ignored, others were used by the followers situationally and/or opportunistically, and others remained in demand at all stages of the development of Soviet historiography and even used by some modern authors who studied the Irkutsk Political Center and the Far Eastern Republic.
本文通过对20世纪20年代苏联出版的研究俄罗斯内战时期俄罗斯东部缓冲国的文献进行分析,发现它们对俄罗斯史学研究问题发展的贡献。文章最后认为,他们在这一领域的主要贡献是探索以前不为人知的独特历史资源,并向公众开放;用不同的方法研究缓冲状态和状态现象;以远东共和国的形式对缓冲国家的目标和其本质的解释提出了不同的意见。这篇文章表明,20世纪20年代的出版物有着不同的命运:有些被立即遗忘或故意忽视,有些被追随者根据情况和/或机会主义地使用,还有一些在苏联历史编纂的各个阶段仍然需要,甚至被一些研究伊尔库茨克政治中心和远东共和国的现代作者使用。
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引用次数: 0
The Party mobilization military reservists of communists in the Khanty-Mansiysk National District on 1941–1942 of the Great Patriotic War 1941年至1942年卫国战争期间,党在汉特-曼西斯克民族区动员共产党员预备役军人
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-1-16-23
E. V. Leshukova
The article based on the materials of the State Archive of the Socio-Political History of the Tyumen region examines one of the little-studied aspects of mobilization measures carried out at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk National District, which until August 1944 was part of the Omsk and then the Tyumen regions. Based on a selective analysis of the numerical, age, professional composition, seniority of the leadership of communists and Komsomol members, called up by the district and district military registration and enlistment offices in the ranks of the Red Army from June 1941 to July 1942, the conclusion is made about the nature of the mobilization practice of the party and economic elite, culture and education workers Ugra and the ambiguity of the influence of mobilization along the party line on the life of the district in the war and post-war times.
本文以秋明地区社会政治史国家档案馆的资料为基础,研究了卫国战争初期在汉特-曼西斯克民族区实施的动员措施的一个很少被研究的方面,该地区直到1944年8月都是鄂木斯克地区的一部分,然后是秋明地区。通过对1941年6月至1942年7月期间各区和各区军事登记和征兵处征召的红军党员和共青团成员的人数、年龄、职业构成、领导级别等进行选择性分析,得出了党和经济精英动员实践的性质。文化和教育工作者尤格拉,以及在战争和战后时期,沿着党的路线动员对该地区生活的模糊影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Omskii nauchnyi vestnik Seriia Obshchestvo Istoriia Sovremennost''
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