K. Gilbertson, W. Finlay, C. Lange, M. Brett, D. Vick
The ability to produce high aspect ratio particle aerosols (airborne fibres) is required in order to develop a thorough understanding of the parameters that affect the deposition of fibres in the mouth and throat. Such an ability is currently being developed. In this work, we produce monodisperse fibres from porous thin films by releasing small structures from a substrate. The development of a means to assay for these fibres is also discussed.
{"title":"Nanofabrication of High Aspect Ratio Aerosol Particles for Deposition Studies in a Model Human Airway","authors":"K. Gilbertson, W. Finlay, C. Lange, M. Brett, D. Vick","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.107","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to produce high aspect ratio particle aerosols (airborne fibres) is required in order to develop a thorough understanding of the parameters that affect the deposition of fibres in the mouth and throat. Such an ability is currently being developed. In this work, we produce monodisperse fibres from porous thin films by releasing small structures from a substrate. The development of a means to assay for these fibres is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123274919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pilarski, Sophia Adamia, P. Pilarski, R. Prakash, J. Lauzon, C. Backhouse
Microfluidics chips offer the promise of fast and accurate diagnostic and monitoring tools that are inexpensive and automated. Tests that otherwise require expensive instrumentation and consume valuable reagents can be implemented on microfluidic chips for a fraction of the cost with dramatic improvement in speed. Minaturization offers multiple benefits, enabling multiple tests on one chip, requiring tiny tissue samples and fast reaction times for picoliter volumes. More complex microfluidics chips will be able to carry out sample processing followed by cell or molecule fractionation, molecular analysis and readout of the test result. Integrated platforms incorporating microfluidics offer portable testing devices for "point of concern" testing in health care facilities, in remote areas or in the home. These devices are likely to increase access to sophisticated testing within the health system while decreasing costs and improving the quality of care.
{"title":"Improved Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cancer Using Portable Microfluidics Platforms","authors":"L. Pilarski, Sophia Adamia, P. Pilarski, R. Prakash, J. Lauzon, C. Backhouse","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.79","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidics chips offer the promise of fast and accurate diagnostic and monitoring tools that are inexpensive and automated. Tests that otherwise require expensive instrumentation and consume valuable reagents can be implemented on microfluidic chips for a fraction of the cost with dramatic improvement in speed. Minaturization offers multiple benefits, enabling multiple tests on one chip, requiring tiny tissue samples and fast reaction times for picoliter volumes. More complex microfluidics chips will be able to carry out sample processing followed by cell or molecule fractionation, molecular analysis and readout of the test result. Integrated platforms incorporating microfluidics offer portable testing devices for \"point of concern\" testing in health care facilities, in remote areas or in the home. These devices are likely to increase access to sophisticated testing within the health system while decreasing costs and improving the quality of care.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123153271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Gaucher, E. Fournier, D. Garrec, M. Khalid, D. Hoarau, V. Sant, J. Leroux
Many potent therapeutic agents possess a high degree of hydrophobicity which can greatly impede their solubilization in aqueous media and thus hamper their oral or parenteral administration. In order to circumvent this limitation, novel drug delivery systems, such as polymeric micelles and lipid-based nanocapsules, are being developed. In general, these nano-sized carriers contain a hydrophobic core which provides the necessary environment to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs. In addition, when administered intravenously, they can passively target inflamed or cancerous tissues due to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, potentially improving the therapeutic efficacy of the drug while reducing its toxicity. Alternatively, the limited oral bioavailability of hydrophobic agents can be improved by selectively releasing the drug in its molecular form close to the absorption site. Polymeric micelles containing pH-sensitive moieties and loaded with a poorly water-soluble drug can dissociate and release their payload in the intestine. This presentation will focus on injectable polymeric and lipidic vectors for hydrophobic anti-cancer agents and on pH-sensitive polymeric micelles as promoters of the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs [1].
{"title":"Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs through Self-Assembling Nanostructures","authors":"G. Gaucher, E. Fournier, D. Garrec, M. Khalid, D. Hoarau, V. Sant, J. Leroux","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.47","url":null,"abstract":"Many potent therapeutic agents possess a high degree of hydrophobicity which can greatly impede their solubilization in aqueous media and thus hamper their oral or parenteral administration. In order to circumvent this limitation, novel drug delivery systems, such as polymeric micelles and lipid-based nanocapsules, are being developed. In general, these nano-sized carriers contain a hydrophobic core which provides the necessary environment to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs. In addition, when administered intravenously, they can passively target inflamed or cancerous tissues due to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, potentially improving the therapeutic efficacy of the drug while reducing its toxicity. Alternatively, the limited oral bioavailability of hydrophobic agents can be improved by selectively releasing the drug in its molecular form close to the absorption site. Polymeric micelles containing pH-sensitive moieties and loaded with a poorly water-soluble drug can dissociate and release their payload in the intestine. This presentation will focus on injectable polymeric and lipidic vectors for hydrophobic anti-cancer agents and on pH-sensitive polymeric micelles as promoters of the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs [1].","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122651848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the self assembled surface oriented growth of single walled carbon nanotubes along the surface of (100), (110) and (111) silicon wafers using thermal CVD. The nanotubes were grown using iron nanoparticles, 10 nm in diameter, as the catalyst. The growth was carried out at 1000oC in a methane atmosphere. The lattice matching of the silicon and iron crystal lattices led to the formation of self aligned silicides at a high temperature which helped orient the nanotubes. SEM, TEM and AFM characterization revealed single wall carbon nanotubes, about 10 nm in diameter and up to 10 μm in length, growing along the <111> direction of the silicon substrate. This process is easy, reliable and may enable the integration of nanotubes with CMOS processing technology.
{"title":"Surface Oriented Self Assembled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"K. Sivakumar, B. Panchapakesan","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.137","url":null,"abstract":"We report the self assembled surface oriented growth of single walled carbon nanotubes along the surface of (100), (110) and (111) silicon wafers using thermal CVD. The nanotubes were grown using iron nanoparticles, 10 nm in diameter, as the catalyst. The growth was carried out at 1000oC in a methane atmosphere. The lattice matching of the silicon and iron crystal lattices led to the formation of self aligned silicides at a high temperature which helped orient the nanotubes. SEM, TEM and AFM characterization revealed single wall carbon nanotubes, about 10 nm in diameter and up to 10 μm in length, growing along the <111> direction of the silicon substrate. This process is easy, reliable and may enable the integration of nanotubes with CMOS processing technology.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124828092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, several designs of an Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Ion-Drag Micropump will be investigated. The goal is to determine the effect of several design parameters on the pressure-voltage relationship. The overall dimensions of the micropump channel are 500 µm x 480µm x 60µm. Four designs were tested in simulation with different combinations of the gap between the electrodes (S) and the gap between the electrode pairs (D) to examine their impact on the pumping performance. The design with small gap (S) and large gap (D) was found to have the best pumping performance.
本文将研究几种电流体动力(EHD)离子拖动微泵的设计。目的是确定几个设计参数对压力-电压关系的影响。微泵通道的整体尺寸为500 μ m x 480 μ m x 60 μ m。在模拟中测试了四种设计，其中电极之间的间隙(S)和电极对之间的间隙(D)的不同组合，以检查它们对泵送性能的影响。小间隙(S)和大间隙(D)的设计具有最佳的泵送性能。
{"title":"On the Design of an Electrohydrodynamic Ion-Drag Micropump","authors":"M. Badran, M. Moussa","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.119","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, several designs of an Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Ion-Drag Micropump will be investigated. The goal is to determine the effect of several design parameters on the pressure-voltage relationship. The overall dimensions of the micropump channel are 500 µm x 480µm x 60µm. Four designs were tested in simulation with different combinations of the gap between the electrodes (S) and the gap between the electrode pairs (D) to examine their impact on the pumping performance. The design with small gap (S) and large gap (D) was found to have the best pumping performance.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of the electric double layer (EDL) on the bypass transition mechanism in the linear evolution stage is explored through direct numerical simulations. An initial perturbation velocity field consisting of a pair of counter-rotating vortices is introduced in Poiseuille and EDL flows and the time-space evolution of the perturbed field is analysed for short times at half the critical Reynolds numbers (3000 for Poiseuille and 300 for EDL). The wall normal and spanwise perturbation velocities development are both quantitatively and qualitatively similar in macro and micro flows. The streamwise velocity, which is initially zero and set up by the generation of the wall normal vorticity is twice larger under the EDL effect. Both flows develop inclined strong streamwise shear layers. Overall is the close similarity of the disturbance evolution showing that the three dimensional linear mechanism in EDL flow lead to the structures that are at least as strong as in Poiseuille flow.
{"title":"By-Pass Transition in Microchannels under EDL Effect","authors":"S. Tardu","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.40","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the electric double layer (EDL) on the bypass transition mechanism in the linear evolution stage is explored through direct numerical simulations. An initial perturbation velocity field consisting of a pair of counter-rotating vortices is introduced in Poiseuille and EDL flows and the time-space evolution of the perturbed field is analysed for short times at half the critical Reynolds numbers (3000 for Poiseuille and 300 for EDL). The wall normal and spanwise perturbation velocities development are both quantitatively and qualitatively similar in macro and micro flows. The streamwise velocity, which is initially zero and set up by the generation of the wall normal vorticity is twice larger under the EDL effect. Both flows develop inclined strong streamwise shear layers. Overall is the close similarity of the disturbance evolution showing that the three dimensional linear mechanism in EDL flow lead to the structures that are at least as strong as in Poiseuille flow.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134416089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a method to assess microchip performance for on-chip electrophoretic separations. The assessment is realized through electrophoretic manipulation of a DNA size standard using specially designed electric voltage programs. Results achieved from the assessment could be used as an indicator of microchip "aging" in terms of lowered resolutions and fluctuations in electro-osmotic flow (EOF).
{"title":"A Rapid Performance Assessment Method for Microfluidic Chips","authors":"Rubin Ma, K. Kaler, C. Backhouse","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.21","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method to assess microchip performance for on-chip electrophoretic separations. The assessment is realized through electrophoretic manipulation of a DNA size standard using specially designed electric voltage programs. Results achieved from the assessment could be used as an indicator of microchip \"aging\" in terms of lowered resolutions and fluctuations in electro-osmotic flow (EOF).","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129723693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micron-scale electromechanical disk-shaped resonators have exhibited operational frequencies above 1 GHz and quality factors exceeding 1,500 at these frequencies. Additionally, such disk resonators can be potentially realized in current silicon CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuit processes, making them attractive alternatives to traditional high-Q off-chip components. Accurate modeling of these devices is critical to predicting the mode-shape and, most importantly, the vibration frequency. This paper presents a finite element-based approach to modeling higher-order effects in disk-shaped resonators using ANSYS 7.0. An in-depth study of the mode-shapes for disk resonators of various sizes, and the effects of substrate anchors attached to the disks at various locations, is included. Effects on resonator operation due to metal layers, such as electroless plated copper, deposited on the disks are also simulated. All simulations are performed in a fully coupled electrical-mechanical environment so as to incorporate as many process and excitation variables as possible.
{"title":"Finite Element-Based Analysis of Single-Crystal Si Contour-Mode Electromechanical RF Resonators","authors":"C. Maxey, S. Raman","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.71","url":null,"abstract":"Micron-scale electromechanical disk-shaped resonators have exhibited operational frequencies above 1 GHz and quality factors exceeding 1,500 at these frequencies. Additionally, such disk resonators can be potentially realized in current silicon CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuit processes, making them attractive alternatives to traditional high-Q off-chip components. Accurate modeling of these devices is critical to predicting the mode-shape and, most importantly, the vibration frequency. This paper presents a finite element-based approach to modeling higher-order effects in disk-shaped resonators using ANSYS 7.0. An in-depth study of the mode-shapes for disk resonators of various sizes, and the effects of substrate anchors attached to the disks at various locations, is included. Effects on resonator operation due to metal layers, such as electroless plated copper, deposited on the disks are also simulated. All simulations are performed in a fully coupled electrical-mechanical environment so as to incorporate as many process and excitation variables as possible.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123738978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Tao, Hua Chen, Zhao-quan Wang, W. Finlay, R. Löbenberg, W. Roa
This study aims to identify the intracellular locations of nanoparticles and liposomes carried by aerosol "cluster bomb", and investigated the relative efficiencies of such drug delivery systems to kill cancer cells in vitro.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity of Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles and Liposomes Carried by Aerosol \"Cluster Bombs\" in Lung Cancer Cells","authors":"X. Tao, Hua Chen, Zhao-quan Wang, W. Finlay, R. Löbenberg, W. Roa","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.46","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify the intracellular locations of nanoparticles and liposomes carried by aerosol \"cluster bomb\", and investigated the relative efficiencies of such drug delivery systems to kill cancer cells in vitro.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"160 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124891418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The moving contact line problem of liquid-vapor interfaces on solid surfaces was studied using a mean-field free-energy lattice Boltzmann method recently proposed [Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. E, 69, 032602, 2004]. We have examined the static and dynamic interfacial behaviors by means of the bubble and capillary wave tests and found that both the Laplace equation of capillarity and the dispersion relation were satisfied. Dynamic contact angles followed the general trend of contact line velocity observed experimentally and can be described by Blake's theory. The velocity fields near the interface were also obtained and are in good agreement with fluid mechanics and molecular dynamics studies. Our simulations demonstrated that incorporating interfacial effects into the lattice Boltzmann model can be a valuable and powerful alternative in interfacial studies.
采用最近提出的平均场自由能晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究了固体表面液-气界面的移动接触线问题[Zhang et al.， Phys.]。[j].电子工程学报，2004,32(2):481 - 481。通过气泡和毛细波实验考察了界面的静态和动态行为，发现毛细性的拉普拉斯方程和色散关系都满足。动态接触角遵循实验观察到的接触线速度的一般趋势，可以用布莱克理论来描述。得到了界面附近的速度场，与流体力学和分子动力学研究结果吻合较好。我们的模拟表明，将界面效应纳入晶格玻尔兹曼模型可能是界面研究中一个有价值和强大的替代方案。
{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Bubble Dynamics in Microchannels","authors":"Junfeng Zhang, D. Kwok","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.86","url":null,"abstract":"The moving contact line problem of liquid-vapor interfaces on solid surfaces was studied using a mean-field free-energy lattice Boltzmann method recently proposed [Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. E, 69, 032602, 2004]. We have examined the static and dynamic interfacial behaviors by means of the bubble and capillary wave tests and found that both the Laplace equation of capillarity and the dispersion relation were satisfied. Dynamic contact angles followed the general trend of contact line velocity observed experimentally and can be described by Blake's theory. The velocity fields near the interface were also obtained and are in good agreement with fluid mechanics and molecular dynamics studies. Our simulations demonstrated that incorporating interfacial effects into the lattice Boltzmann model can be a valuable and powerful alternative in interfacial studies.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122250436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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