Zhao-quan Wang, R. Löbenberg, L. Sweeney, J. Wong, W. Finlay
A novel powder formulation for inhaled aerosol drug delivery of nano-liposomes has been prepared using spray-freeze drying. After saline reconstitution 91% of the liposome particles (mean volume size) were found to be smaller than 600 nm. Upon aerosol dispersion, a fine particle fraction (FPF) of more than 80% was achieved for this formulation with a model drug (ciprofloxacin) using a new passive inhaler (patent pending) at an inhalation flow rate of 60 l/min.
{"title":"Improved Drug Delivery: Spray Freeze Dried Nano-Liposomal Inhaled Aerosols","authors":"Zhao-quan Wang, R. Löbenberg, L. Sweeney, J. Wong, W. Finlay","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.80","url":null,"abstract":"A novel powder formulation for inhaled aerosol drug delivery of nano-liposomes has been prepared using spray-freeze drying. After saline reconstitution 91% of the liposome particles (mean volume size) were found to be smaller than 600 nm. Upon aerosol dispersion, a fine particle fraction (FPF) of more than 80% was achieved for this formulation with a model drug (ciprofloxacin) using a new passive inhaler (patent pending) at an inhalation flow rate of 60 l/min.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-25DOI: 10.1109/ICMENS.2004.1508900
K. Kataoka
Block copolymers with amphiphilic character, having a large solubility difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, are known to assemble in an aqueous milieu into polymeric micelles with a mesoscopic size range. These micelles have a fairly narrow size distribution and are featured by their unique core-shell architecture, where hydrophobic segments are segregated from the aqueous exterior to form inner core surrounded by a palisade of hydrophilic segments. Recently, progressive interest has been raised in the application of these block copolymer micelles as novel carrier systems in the field of drug targeting because of the high drug-loading capacity of the inner core as well as of the unique disposition characteristics in the body [1,2].
{"title":"Smart Polymeric Micelles as Nanocarriers for Gene and Drug Delivery","authors":"K. Kataoka","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.1508900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.1508900","url":null,"abstract":"Block copolymers with amphiphilic character, having a large solubility difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, are known to assemble in an aqueous milieu into polymeric micelles with a mesoscopic size range. These micelles have a fairly narrow size distribution and are featured by their unique core-shell architecture, where hydrophobic segments are segregated from the aqueous exterior to form inner core surrounded by a palisade of hydrophilic segments. Recently, progressive interest has been raised in the application of these block copolymer micelles as novel carrier systems in the field of drug targeting because of the high drug-loading capacity of the inner core as well as of the unique disposition characteristics in the body [1,2].","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127952816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhishan Hua, Onnop Srivannavit, Yongmei Xia, E. Gulari
A pneumatic microvalve array was designed and fabricated using silicon/glass bulk micromachining and a new parylene bonding technique. The valve membrane is made of parylene, thus has very compact size (300 µm x 300 µm) and excellent chemical resistance. The operation of valves was characterized to reveal the effects of several parameters such as actuation and inlet pressure. The valve demonstrates a flow rate as high as 0.33ml/min in open state with 15.5psi inlet pressure, and very low leaking rate. With the proposed novel control logic, the microfabricated valve array device is expected to be very suitable for fluidic manipulation in integrated lab-on-a-chip systems in which aggressive chemicals are involved and high throughputs are required.
{"title":"A Compact Chemical-Resistant Microvalve Array Using Parylene Membrane and Pneumatic Actuation","authors":"Zhishan Hua, Onnop Srivannavit, Yongmei Xia, E. Gulari","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.9","url":null,"abstract":"A pneumatic microvalve array was designed and fabricated using silicon/glass bulk micromachining and a new parylene bonding technique. The valve membrane is made of parylene, thus has very compact size (300 µm x 300 µm) and excellent chemical resistance. The operation of valves was characterized to reveal the effects of several parameters such as actuation and inlet pressure. The valve demonstrates a flow rate as high as 0.33ml/min in open state with 15.5psi inlet pressure, and very low leaking rate. With the proposed novel control logic, the microfabricated valve array device is expected to be very suitable for fluidic manipulation in integrated lab-on-a-chip systems in which aggressive chemicals are involved and high throughputs are required.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124691484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM) with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for charge distribution is presented for the simulation of electroosmotic transport in straight rectangular micro- and nanochannels. Effects of the channel height, electrolyte concentration, surface potential, electric double layer thickness and externally applied electric field on the velocity profile of 50 to 800 nm channels were studied by means of a LBM. Our results are in excellent agreement with the corresponding analytical solution and the Lattice Boltzmann Model can be used to simulate electrokinetic transport phenomena in microchannels in the presence of an externally applied electric field.
{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Electroosmotic Flows in Micro- and Nanochannels","authors":"F. Tian, Baoming Li, D. Kwok","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.84","url":null,"abstract":"A Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM) with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for charge distribution is presented for the simulation of electroosmotic transport in straight rectangular micro- and nanochannels. Effects of the channel height, electrolyte concentration, surface potential, electric double layer thickness and externally applied electric field on the velocity profile of 50 to 800 nm channels were studied by means of a LBM. Our results are in excellent agreement with the corresponding analytical solution and the Lattice Boltzmann Model can be used to simulate electrokinetic transport phenomena in microchannels in the presence of an externally applied electric field.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kruzelecky, B. Wong, E. Haddad, W. Jamroz, Wanping Zheng, L. Phong
Infrared spectroscopy can be a vital component of various Earth observation and planetary exploration space missions. It probes the characteristic vibrational modes of chemical bonds in molecules to provide information about not only the chemical composition but also the local bonding configuration and environment of the chemical bond. The IR spectral technique can be used with minimal consumables to simultaneously detect large variety of chemical and biochemical species. To date, mainly large bulk-optic Fourier Transform (FT-IR) spectrometers employing variations of the Michelson interferometer have been successfully employed in space due to the attainable performance. However, they typically require costly, large spacecraft platforms and complex environmental controls that limit the deployment of IR spectroscopy. In the following paper, we discuss the use of advanced optical coding and signal processing techniques, as facilitated using MEMS multi-channel optical signal processors, to significantly extend the performance limitations of miniature integrated-optic IR spectrometers. This technology can provide high-performance broad-band IR spectrometers suitable for passive monitoring in a compact module weighing under 2 kg.
{"title":"Advanced MEMS/Smart-Material Coding and Filtering Technologies for High-Performance Miniature Integrated IR Spectrometers","authors":"R. Kruzelecky, B. Wong, E. Haddad, W. Jamroz, Wanping Zheng, L. Phong","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.28","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared spectroscopy can be a vital component of various Earth observation and planetary exploration space missions. It probes the characteristic vibrational modes of chemical bonds in molecules to provide information about not only the chemical composition but also the local bonding configuration and environment of the chemical bond. The IR spectral technique can be used with minimal consumables to simultaneously detect large variety of chemical and biochemical species. To date, mainly large bulk-optic Fourier Transform (FT-IR) spectrometers employing variations of the Michelson interferometer have been successfully employed in space due to the attainable performance. However, they typically require costly, large spacecraft platforms and complex environmental controls that limit the deployment of IR spectroscopy. In the following paper, we discuss the use of advanced optical coding and signal processing techniques, as facilitated using MEMS multi-channel optical signal processors, to significantly extend the performance limitations of miniature integrated-optic IR spectrometers. This technology can provide high-performance broad-band IR spectrometers suitable for passive monitoring in a compact module weighing under 2 kg.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126975657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the living cell, which is one of the most promising functional materials for building nanobiomachines for massively parallel computation, we propose a new biomolecular computing method based on the signaling pathways of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation switched by kinases and phosphates and regulated by upstream pathways of Rho family GTPases in living cells, a method that differs from the Adleman-Lipton paradigm of DNA computers. The two main merits of this type of biomolecular computing process based on Rho family GTPases are the low cost of pathway control for cells and the high efficiency of the related computing processes, when certain pathway controllers are designed for the engineered pathway units of biomolecular computers. In this paper, we report our latest results on designing experimentally feasible operators and the related computer architecture of the engineered pathways in cells under the regulation of Rho family GTPases for solving large-scale benchmark problems by biomolecular computers, where the crosstalking processes among the pathways, feedback between the downstream and upstream pathways, and interaction with the nuclear receptors of cells are employed. This is a prerequisite for experimental implementation of a computing nanobiomachine based on the signaling pathways of Rho family GTPases in the form of living cells, which can cut costs in the number of controlled molecules for engineered pathways when the interaction ratings of pathways is regulated on the scale of an entire cell.
{"title":"On Scalable Biomolecular Computers Based on Crosstalked Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation Pathways Regulated by Rho Family GTPases of Cells","authors":"Jian-Qin Liu, K. Shimohara","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.118","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the living cell, which is one of the most promising functional materials for building nanobiomachines for massively parallel computation, we propose a new biomolecular computing method based on the signaling pathways of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation switched by kinases and phosphates and regulated by upstream pathways of Rho family GTPases in living cells, a method that differs from the Adleman-Lipton paradigm of DNA computers. The two main merits of this type of biomolecular computing process based on Rho family GTPases are the low cost of pathway control for cells and the high efficiency of the related computing processes, when certain pathway controllers are designed for the engineered pathway units of biomolecular computers. In this paper, we report our latest results on designing experimentally feasible operators and the related computer architecture of the engineered pathways in cells under the regulation of Rho family GTPases for solving large-scale benchmark problems by biomolecular computers, where the crosstalking processes among the pathways, feedback between the downstream and upstream pathways, and interaction with the nuclear receptors of cells are employed. This is a prerequisite for experimental implementation of a computing nanobiomachine based on the signaling pathways of Rho family GTPases in the form of living cells, which can cut costs in the number of controlled molecules for engineered pathways when the interaction ratings of pathways is regulated on the scale of an entire cell.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131264428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show, by natural occurring phenomena of charge separation near the solid-liquid interface in microchannels, that electricity can be generated by forcing water through a ceramic rod with no moving part and emission. A single hand push on a syringe is our source of power which easily generates a streaming potential of over 20 V and 30 µA. By means of streaming potentials, two capacitors were charged and discharged alternatively to light-up two Light-Emitting-Diodes in every ten seconds. From our specific choice of liquid/solid pair, an efficiency of 0.8% was obtained. A mobile-ion-drain method is also demonstrated to increase the streaming potential.
{"title":"Electrokinetic Power Generation via Streaming Potentials in Microchannels: A Mobile-Ion-Drain Method to Increase Streaming Potentials","authors":"Jun Yang, Fuzhi Lu, L. Kostiuk, D. Kwok","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.60","url":null,"abstract":"We show, by natural occurring phenomena of charge separation near the solid-liquid interface in microchannels, that electricity can be generated by forcing water through a ceramic rod with no moving part and emission. A single hand push on a syringe is our source of power which easily generates a streaming potential of over 20 V and 30 µA. By means of streaming potentials, two capacitors were charged and discharged alternatively to light-up two Light-Emitting-Diodes in every ten seconds. From our specific choice of liquid/solid pair, an efficiency of 0.8% was obtained. A mobile-ion-drain method is also demonstrated to increase the streaming potential.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115761490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work reports a new method to improve FBG sensing systems by minimizing dispersion effects. Moreover, a new technique utilizing communication systems’ parameters in assessing the improvement in Fiber Brag Gratings sensors is also reported. WDM techniquees with coded signaling is used. The improvement is mainly achieved by introducing DCF fiber segments to enhance the Q-parameters and Eye diagrams obtained for the system, which can be interpreted as an improvement in the sensing function. Simulations are carried out to illustrate the effect of DCF on the two factors considered.
{"title":"Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Systems Performance Improvement and Assessment","authors":"A. Al-Lawati, H. Bourdoucen","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.68","url":null,"abstract":"The present work reports a new method to improve FBG sensing systems by minimizing dispersion effects. Moreover, a new technique utilizing communication systems’ parameters in assessing the improvement in Fiber Brag Gratings sensors is also reported. WDM techniquees with coded signaling is used. The improvement is mainly achieved by introducing DCF fiber segments to enhance the Q-parameters and Eye diagrams obtained for the system, which can be interpreted as an improvement in the sensing function. Simulations are carried out to illustrate the effect of DCF on the two factors considered.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114079670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a simple, and selective optical method for biological detection, using reflection or absorption of light upon transmission through a homogeneous/inhomogeneous thin film surface. In this experimental study, a wavelength band is sought as an optical signature to identify biological sample immobilized on an ultrathin film. We have used variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, a technique generally used in the semiconductor industry, to identify proteins. For immobilizing the proteins, 1-octadecanethiol (C-18) coated to gold (Au) substrate has been used because of its low surface energy. In order to characterize 1-octadecanethiol and evaluate its re-usability, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed. Experimental results illustrate that proteins are sensitive to optical investigation in visible and near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
{"title":"Reversible Protein Detection Method Based on Self-Assembled Monolayers Using Ellipsometry","authors":"K. J. Gill, K. Isaacson, S. Dew, D. Kwok","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.128","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a simple, and selective optical method for biological detection, using reflection or absorption of light upon transmission through a homogeneous/inhomogeneous thin film surface. In this experimental study, a wavelength band is sought as an optical signature to identify biological sample immobilized on an ultrathin film. We have used variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, a technique generally used in the semiconductor industry, to identify proteins. For immobilizing the proteins, 1-octadecanethiol (C-18) coated to gold (Au) substrate has been used because of its low surface energy. In order to characterize 1-octadecanethiol and evaluate its re-usability, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed. Experimental results illustrate that proteins are sensitive to optical investigation in visible and near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124411932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one goes down the length scale to nanoworld, the properties of objects and phenomena swerve from those described by the conventional, macroscopic laws governing the behavior of continuous media and materials. The functional features of nanostructures manifest on length scale from one to hundreds nanometers and time scale up to microseconds and more, but all stem from microscopic properties of the atoms and chemical groups they are built of. Explicit molecular modeling of such nanosystems involving millions of molecules is by far not feasible with ab initio methods and molecular simulations, and requires multiple-scale approaches. Statistical-mechanical theory of molecular liquids and other disordered systems successfully describes the molecular structure and thermodynamics of nanosystems, with proper account of their chemical functionalities.¹-⁴ It operates with spatial/temporal distributions of species averaged over the statistical ensemble rather than with trajectories of individual molecules. This coarse-graining, however, keeps the short-range detail of the solvation structure of chemical specificities, such as the hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, and other association effects. Below discussed are two illustrative examples, self-assembly of organic nanotubes in electrolyte solution and electrochemical devices with nanoporous electrodes.
{"title":"Molecular Modeling of Biomolecules and Solutions in Nanoporous Materials","authors":"A. Kovalenko","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.101","url":null,"abstract":"As one goes down the length scale to nanoworld, the properties of objects and phenomena swerve from those described by the conventional, macroscopic laws governing the behavior of continuous media and materials. The functional features of nanostructures manifest on length scale from one to hundreds nanometers and time scale up to microseconds and more, but all stem from microscopic properties of the atoms and chemical groups they are built of. Explicit molecular modeling of such nanosystems involving millions of molecules is by far not feasible with ab initio methods and molecular simulations, and requires multiple-scale approaches. Statistical-mechanical theory of molecular liquids and other disordered systems successfully describes the molecular structure and thermodynamics of nanosystems, with proper account of their chemical functionalities.¹-⁴ It operates with spatial/temporal distributions of species averaged over the statistical ensemble rather than with trajectories of individual molecules. This coarse-graining, however, keeps the short-range detail of the solvation structure of chemical specificities, such as the hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, and other association effects. Below discussed are two illustrative examples, self-assembly of organic nanotubes in electrolyte solution and electrochemical devices with nanoporous electrodes.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：