Yujun Zhang, Mao-Peng Lin, Fengfu Li, Wen Wang, Zhenhao Jin
The phenolic resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites (NCPs) were synthesized by one-step method. Then FTIR and XRD were used to characterize microstructures of samples. The results shows that phenolic has been intercalated between adjacent montmorillonite platelets and d_001 of Montmorillonite platelets increases with phenolic content increasing. The study of the thermal property also shows that phenolic resin/montmorillonite are of better thermal stability with the increase of montmorillonite content.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characteration of Phenolic Resin/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites","authors":"Yujun Zhang, Mao-Peng Lin, Fengfu Li, Wen Wang, Zhenhao Jin","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.138","url":null,"abstract":"The phenolic resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites (NCPs) were synthesized by one-step method. Then FTIR and XRD were used to characterize microstructures of samples. The results shows that phenolic has been intercalated between adjacent montmorillonite platelets and d_001 of Montmorillonite platelets increases with phenolic content increasing. The study of the thermal property also shows that phenolic resin/montmorillonite are of better thermal stability with the increase of montmorillonite content.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127696426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we will show a new type of a microvalve that uses the phase change effect in order to control the flow of a fluid. The valve consists just of a micro channel that possesses a heating element made of copper at one side. Furthermore, the valve can be cooled by a special external cooling system. If the fluid flowing trough the channel gets a temperature below the phase transition temperature it becomes a solid. The flow of the former fluid will be stopped. By means of an electrical current applied on the heating element the flow can be restored. We have investigated in this work the flow of melted wax. The melting temperature is above 80°C. The viscosity of the wax changes from 50mPas at 80°C to 3mPas at 140°C. We investigated new microvalves with channel dimensions between 20 mm and 90 mm in diameter. Two types of the channels, with circled and elliptical shaped cross-section, have been studied, too. The wax temperature varies from 80°C to 140°C. A cooling fluid that possesses a temperature of 20°C cooled the valve. The time constant of cooling and flow stopping depends on the material of the channel, the fluid temperature and the channel geometry. It can vary between 30ms to 120ms. Technological procedures for production of such one he new microvalve can be produced by means of silicon microtechnologies.
{"title":"Active New Microvalve Based on Phase Change Effect","authors":"S. Bogdanov, X. Riedl, N. Schwesinger","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.26","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we will show a new type of a microvalve that uses the phase change effect in order to control the flow of a fluid. The valve consists just of a micro channel that possesses a heating element made of copper at one side. Furthermore, the valve can be cooled by a special external cooling system. If the fluid flowing trough the channel gets a temperature below the phase transition temperature it becomes a solid. The flow of the former fluid will be stopped. By means of an electrical current applied on the heating element the flow can be restored. We have investigated in this work the flow of melted wax. The melting temperature is above 80°C. The viscosity of the wax changes from 50mPas at 80°C to 3mPas at 140°C. We investigated new microvalves with channel dimensions between 20 mm and 90 mm in diameter. Two types of the channels, with circled and elliptical shaped cross-section, have been studied, too. The wax temperature varies from 80°C to 140°C. A cooling fluid that possesses a temperature of 20°C cooled the valve. The time constant of cooling and flow stopping depends on the material of the channel, the fluid temperature and the channel geometry. It can vary between 30ms to 120ms. Technological procedures for production of such one he new microvalve can be produced by means of silicon microtechnologies.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leticia Ely, R. Löbenberg, Zhao-quan Wang, Yu Zhang, W. Finlay, W. Roa, Jeffrey O. H. Sham
The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticles for lung delivery. Nanoparticles were incorporated into carrier particles using spray drying and a new spray-freeze drying technology. The carrier particles were manufactured with the appropriate size for pulmonary delivery. The new technology has important implications for local drug targeting and drug delivery of nanoparticle based delivery systems to the lungs.
{"title":"Development of Inhalable Nanoparticles","authors":"Leticia Ely, R. Löbenberg, Zhao-quan Wang, Yu Zhang, W. Finlay, W. Roa, Jeffrey O. H. Sham","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.53","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticles for lung delivery. Nanoparticles were incorporated into carrier particles using spray drying and a new spray-freeze drying technology. The carrier particles were manufactured with the appropriate size for pulmonary delivery. The new technology has important implications for local drug targeting and drug delivery of nanoparticle based delivery systems to the lungs.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kruzelecky, B. Wong, Jing Zou, E. Haddad, W. Jamroz, A. Yelon, R. Beaudry, O. Grenier, Wanping Zheng, L. Phong
Optical technologies can play a strategic role in improving the performance, functionality, and reducing the mass of various spacecraft technologies, such as true time-delay T/R modules for phased-array antennas and optical sensor systems for satellite navigation and systems status. However, current photonic and fiber-optic systems tend to be bulky relative to the requirements for space applications. Micro integrated-optic circuits increase the integration of optical components on a single substrate, to provide multi-function optical processing and switching similar to electronic integrated circuits. This minimizes the number of external optical interconnections required and sensitivity to external vibrations; maximizing the system information capacity, optical throughput, and reliability, while minimizing the overall system size and weight. This paper considers a systematic development of MEMS integrated-optic circuits on SOI for various space application. A unique blend of MEMS, smart-material and photonic technologies is employed to miniaturize the size of the basic components, while improving on the attainable performance.
{"title":"Advanced MEMS and Integrated-Optic Components for Multifunctional Integrated Optical Micromachines","authors":"R. Kruzelecky, B. Wong, Jing Zou, E. Haddad, W. Jamroz, A. Yelon, R. Beaudry, O. Grenier, Wanping Zheng, L. Phong","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.27","url":null,"abstract":"Optical technologies can play a strategic role in improving the performance, functionality, and reducing the mass of various spacecraft technologies, such as true time-delay T/R modules for phased-array antennas and optical sensor systems for satellite navigation and systems status. However, current photonic and fiber-optic systems tend to be bulky relative to the requirements for space applications. Micro integrated-optic circuits increase the integration of optical components on a single substrate, to provide multi-function optical processing and switching similar to electronic integrated circuits. This minimizes the number of external optical interconnections required and sensitivity to external vibrations; maximizing the system information capacity, optical throughput, and reliability, while minimizing the overall system size and weight. This paper considers a systematic development of MEMS integrated-optic circuits on SOI for various space application. A unique blend of MEMS, smart-material and photonic technologies is employed to miniaturize the size of the basic components, while improving on the attainable performance.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114231360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Samuel, Praveen Elamanchili, M. Diwan, A. Haddadi, Anahita Dehmoobed
Biodegradable poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were designed to target antigens and immunomodulatory molecules to dendritic cells. PLGA nanoparticles were shown to be efficiently phagocytosed by murine and human dendritic cells. Nanoparticle delivery of antigens along with immunostimulatory molecules to dendritic cells resulted in induction of antigen-specific immune responses. Alternatively co-delivery of antigens and immunosuppressive molecules to dendritic cells may be used to induce immune tolerance.
设计了可生物降解的聚(D, l -乳酸-羟基乙酸)(PLGA)纳米颗粒，将抗原和免疫调节分子靶向树突状细胞。PLGA纳米颗粒被小鼠和人树突状细胞有效地吞噬。抗原与免疫刺激分子的纳米颗粒递送到树突状细胞导致抗原特异性免疫反应的诱导。或者，抗原和免疫抑制分子共同递送到树突状细胞可用于诱导免疫耐受。
{"title":"Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems for Control of Immunity","authors":"J. Samuel, Praveen Elamanchili, M. Diwan, A. Haddadi, Anahita Dehmoobed","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.109","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were designed to target antigens and immunomodulatory molecules to dendritic cells. PLGA nanoparticles were shown to be efficiently phagocytosed by murine and human dendritic cells. Nanoparticle delivery of antigens along with immunostimulatory molecules to dendritic cells resulted in induction of antigen-specific immune responses. Alternatively co-delivery of antigens and immunosuppressive molecules to dendritic cells may be used to induce immune tolerance.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127165717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reflection of linearly polarized light from an N-layer system of nanometer-size insulating films is investigated. The approximate formulas for reflection coefficients of s- or p-polarized light are derived and their accuracy is estimated. It is shown that expressions obtained for differential reflection characteristics are of immediate interest to the solution of the inverse problem for nanoscopic layered structures. A few novel options are developed for determining the parameters of nanometer-size insulating layers by differential reflectance measurements, particularly at the Brewster angle. For determining the parameters of multilayer systems an appropriate method is found by combining differential reflectance with ellipsometry.
{"title":"Optical Probing of Nanoscopic Insulating Layered Structures via Differential Characteristics of Specular Reflection of Light","authors":"P. Adamson","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.120","url":null,"abstract":"The reflection of linearly polarized light from an N-layer system of nanometer-size insulating films is investigated. The approximate formulas for reflection coefficients of s- or p-polarized light are derived and their accuracy is estimated. It is shown that expressions obtained for differential reflection characteristics are of immediate interest to the solution of the inverse problem for nanoscopic layered structures. A few novel options are developed for determining the parameters of nanometer-size insulating layers by differential reflectance measurements, particularly at the Brewster angle. For determining the parameters of multilayer systems an appropriate method is found by combining differential reflectance with ellipsometry.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125684871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of a MEMS-based acoustical sensor microarray cluster that can be used in a hearing instrument to improve speech intelligibility in a noisy reverberant environment has been presented. The proposed sensor microarray cluster has a cubic geometry where five identical MEMS-based microarrays of acoustical sensors constitute each side of a cubic and the bottom of the cube has been used for mounting and interconnection purposes. The steerable beams of each individual sensor microarray are used to be synchronized and polled using a microelectronic beam synthesis engine. In this way it will be possible to provide a three dimensional dynamic directionality for the sensor microarray cluster.The system can realize an improved dynamic directional speech acquisition system comparing to planar arrays for hearing instruments. The complete cubic sensor microarray cluster can be fabricated as a single die using Standard MEMS fabrication technology.
{"title":"The Concept of a 3-D Cubic Acoustical Sensor Microarray Cluster for Use in a Hearing Instrument","authors":"S. Chowdhury, M. Ahmadi, W. Miller","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.140","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a MEMS-based acoustical sensor microarray cluster that can be used in a hearing instrument to improve speech intelligibility in a noisy reverberant environment has been presented. The proposed sensor microarray cluster has a cubic geometry where five identical MEMS-based microarrays of acoustical sensors constitute each side of a cubic and the bottom of the cube has been used for mounting and interconnection purposes. The steerable beams of each individual sensor microarray are used to be synchronized and polled using a microelectronic beam synthesis engine. In this way it will be possible to provide a three dimensional dynamic directionality for the sensor microarray cluster.The system can realize an improved dynamic directional speech acquisition system comparing to planar arrays for hearing instruments. The complete cubic sensor microarray cluster can be fabricated as a single die using Standard MEMS fabrication technology.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126206477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of micro evaporation for cooling electronic components on small satellites is very promising because of its great potential on heat transferring capacity and its low mass flow. Due to the size reduction, the energy density increases in a lot of applications in space industry. On top of this, the thermal specifications on micro devices are often more tight than in macroscopic applications. Therefore, a proper design is essential for devices to be capable of dealing with associated high heat fluxes. Using evaporation high heat fluxes can be obtained. However, a good understanding of the heat transfer and evaporation on micro scales is necessary since some physical phenomena become more (or less) important. The PhD research performed at TNO TPD (in collaboration with the Delft university of technology) leads to insight on the behaviour of two phase liquid- gas flow in micro channels. The knowledge on both the heat transfer and the two phase flow patterns can be used to formulate relationships which can be used to design micro fluidic systems. Since gravity plays a minor role on micro scales these engineering tools will be appropriate for designing space systems as well.
{"title":"Micro Evaporators","authors":"C. Rops, F. V. Graaf, J. Velthuis","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.93","url":null,"abstract":"The use of micro evaporation for cooling electronic components on small satellites is very promising because of its great potential on heat transferring capacity and its low mass flow. Due to the size reduction, the energy density increases in a lot of applications in space industry. On top of this, the thermal specifications on micro devices are often more tight than in macroscopic applications. Therefore, a proper design is essential for devices to be capable of dealing with associated high heat fluxes. Using evaporation high heat fluxes can be obtained. However, a good understanding of the heat transfer and evaporation on micro scales is necessary since some physical phenomena become more (or less) important. The PhD research performed at TNO TPD (in collaboration with the Delft university of technology) leads to insight on the behaviour of two phase liquid- gas flow in micro channels. The knowledge on both the heat transfer and the two phase flow patterns can be used to formulate relationships which can be used to design micro fluidic systems. Since gravity plays a minor role on micro scales these engineering tools will be appropriate for designing space systems as well.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125191210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Thermal Infra Red (7.14 µm) multispectral imager instruments use cryogenically cooled Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT or HgCdTe) detectors. Now due to the increased performance of uncooled microbolometer arrays, the next generation of instruments can be designed without cryogenic cooling. TNO TPD has designed a spectrometer called the Micro Bolometer Spectrometer (MIBS), that is able to provide co-registered images in the 7 to 14 µm wavelength region with an acceptable NETD performance on the basis of currently available detectors. Apart from space based multispectral imaging, the concept can also be used for several other applications, for example, CO2 monitoring through the broader spectral response. The removal of the standard highpass filter of the bolometer detector allows imaging in both the 3 to 5 and 7 to 14 µm atmospheric windows at the same time in a co-registered fashion. Applications include forest fire detection, military reconnaissance and, wideband flame analysis (NOx detection in industrial ovens).
{"title":"Microbolometer Spectrometer: Applications and Technology","authors":"J. Leijtens, A. Court, J. Hoegee","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.95","url":null,"abstract":"Current Thermal Infra Red (7.14 µm) multispectral imager instruments use cryogenically cooled Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT or HgCdTe) detectors. Now due to the increased performance of uncooled microbolometer arrays, the next generation of instruments can be designed without cryogenic cooling. TNO TPD has designed a spectrometer called the Micro Bolometer Spectrometer (MIBS), that is able to provide co-registered images in the 7 to 14 µm wavelength region with an acceptable NETD performance on the basis of currently available detectors. Apart from space based multispectral imaging, the concept can also be used for several other applications, for example, CO2 monitoring through the broader spectral response. The removal of the standard highpass filter of the bolometer detector allows imaging in both the 3 to 5 and 7 to 14 µm atmospheric windows at the same time in a co-registered fashion. Applications include forest fire detection, military reconnaissance and, wideband flame analysis (NOx detection in industrial ovens).","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121789601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed a technology to directly introduce nanoparticles into the cytoplasm of living cells at one time without using a micromanipulator. Moreover, we confirmed that antisense oligonucleotides as a model drug can be released slowly in cytoplasm from these particles.
{"title":"From the Pharmacokinetics to the Intracellular Dynamic Phase — Direct Introduction of Nanoparticles into Cytoplasm of Living Cells","authors":"T. Mayumi","doi":"10.1109/ICMENS.2004.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMENS.2004.73","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a technology to directly introduce nanoparticles into the cytoplasm of living cells at one time without using a micromanipulator. Moreover, we confirmed that antisense oligonucleotides as a model drug can be released slowly in cytoplasm from these particles.","PeriodicalId":344661,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems (ICMENS'04)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122180331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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