Resources Environment and Sustainability最新文献_第9页

Carbon footprint of global cotton production 全球棉花生产的碳足迹

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100214

Zhuhong Yu, Yi Yang

Cotton constitutes one-quarter of the global fiber market. With growing global attention to the carbon footprint and net-zero pathways of the fashion and textile industries, it is essential to quantify the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or carbon footprint, of cotton production and develop effective emission reduction strategies. Based on life-cycle assessment, we estimate that global GHG emissions from cotton production in 2020 amounts to approximately 63 Mt CO₂e, with substantial regional variability observed. Emissions intensity ranges from 0.3 to 1.4 t CO₂e per t of cotton produced, with an average of 0.9 t CO₂e per t or 1.9 t CO₂e per t of fiber produced. Across the countries evaluated, India has the most GHG emissions and, hence, the largest reduction potential, highlighting the need for prioritized localized strategies in that region. Nitrogen fertilizer is identified as the main driver of cotton’s carbon footprint, due to direct

N_{2}

O emissions and indirect GHG emissions from production. In some regions, phosphorus (

P_{2}

O₅) fertilizer and diesel use are also important sources of emissions. Scenario analysis indicates that cotton’s carbon footprint can be reduced by

\sim

37% through improving nitrogen use efficiency and increasing manure application, and an additional

\sim

12% reduction is possible by powering farm equipment with renewable energy. Our study provides important information for decision makers regarding how to make global cotton production more sustainable and climate friendly.

棉花占全球纤维市场的四分之一。随着全球对时尚和纺织行业碳足迹和净零排放途径的关注日益增加，量化棉花生产的生命周期温室气体（GHG）排放或碳足迹并制定有效的减排战略至关重要。基于生命周期评估，我们估计2020年棉花生产产生的全球温室气体排放量约为6300万吨二氧化碳当量，存在显著的区域差异。每生产1吨棉花，排放强度为0.3至1.4吨二氧化碳当量，每生产1吨纤维，排放强度平均为0.9吨二氧化碳当量或1.9吨二氧化碳当量。在评估的所有国家中，印度的温室气体排放量最多，因此减排潜力最大，突出表明该地区需要优先制定本地化战略。氮肥被认为是棉花碳足迹的主要驱动因素，因为生产过程中直接排放一氧化二氮和间接排放温室气体。在一些地区，磷（P2O5）肥料和柴油的使用也是重要的排放源。情景分析表明，通过提高氮利用效率和增加肥料施用，棉花的碳足迹可以减少~ 37%，通过使用可再生能源为农业设备供电，还可以减少~ 12%。我们的研究为决策者提供了关于如何使全球棉花生产更加可持续和气候友好的重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Is ‘local food’ best? Evaluating agricultural greenhouses in Switzerland as an alternative to imports for reducing carbon footprint “本地食物”最好吗？评估瑞士的农业温室作为减少碳足迹的进口替代方案

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100209

Vanessa Burg , Hamidreza Solgi , Farzaneh Rezaei , Stephan Pfister , Ramin Roshandel , Stefanie Hellweg

Sustainable agricultural practices are essential to mitigate environmental impacts. Greenhouse cultivation offers potential solutions for enhancing crop yields and reducing the impacts on land and water resources. However, reliance on fossil-based heating systems poses challenges regarding carbon footprint. This study provides a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of the carbon and water footprints of imported and locally produced greenhouse crops in Switzerland, considering the local climatic conditions and the predominant production systems in different regions. The findings reveal that the carbon footprint is primarily driven by heating, supplementary lighting, and CO₂ fertilization, while transportation emissions are relatively minor. A key insight is that using waste heat for greenhouse heating in Switzerland can reduce the carbon footprint to less than one-third (e.g., 0.6 CO₂-eq/kg for tomatoes) compared to local natural-gas-based heating systems. However, imports from warmer locations still show a slightly lower carbon footprint (0.4-0.5 CO₂-eq/kg) due to the absence of heating, lighting, and CO₂ enrichment, but often come with trade-offs concerning the water footprint. Seasonal variations also strongly influence the carbon footprint: early winter cultivation can result in up to five times higher carbon footprint than summer cultivation, while waste-heat systems reduce but do not eliminate this effect. These findings highlight the potential of waste-heat-based greenhouses as a lower-carbon alternative to fossil-fueled domestic production and imports from less favorable climates while underscoring the environmental benefits of seasonal diets.

可持续农业做法对减轻环境影响至关重要。温室栽培为提高作物产量和减少对土地和水资源的影响提供了潜在的解决方案。然而，对化石燃料供暖系统的依赖带来了碳足迹方面的挑战。考虑到当地气候条件和不同地区的主要生产系统，本研究对瑞士进口和本地生产的温室作物的碳和水足迹进行了比较生命周期评估（LCA）。研究结果表明，碳足迹主要由供暖、补充照明和二氧化碳施肥驱动，而交通排放相对较小。一个关键的见解是，与当地的天然气供暖系统相比，在瑞士使用废热为温室供暖可以将碳足迹减少到不到三分之一（例如，西红柿每公斤0.6二氧化碳当量）。然而，由于缺乏供暖、照明和二氧化碳富集，从较温暖地区进口的碳足迹仍略低（0.4-0.5 CO2当量/kg），但往往需要在水足迹方面进行权衡。季节变化也对碳足迹产生强烈影响：早冬栽培的碳足迹可能比夏季栽培高出5倍，而废热系统减少但不能消除这种影响。这些发现强调了废热温室作为化石燃料国内生产和从不太有利气候进口的低碳替代品的潜力，同时强调了季节性饮食的环境效益。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of cotton planting suitability in Xinjiang based on climate change and soil fertility factors simulated by coupled machine learning model 基于气候变化和土壤肥力因子的耦合机器学习模型模拟新疆棉花适宜性评价

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100200

Yonglin Jia , Yi Li , Asim Biswas , Jiayin Pang , Xiaoyan Song , Guang Yang , Zhen’an Hou , Honghai Luo , Xiangwen Xie , Javlonbek Ishchanov , Ji Chen , Juanli Ju , Kadambot H.M. Siddique

Cotton is the world’s most widely cultivated fiber crop and holds great significance in Xinjiang. However, unsuitable planting environments can hinder farmer income and result in a substantial waste of agricultural resources.This study explores suitability of cotton planting areas in Xinjiang to reduce agricultural inputs and pollution. The goal is to promote sustainable agricultural development by considering both climate change and soil fertility, factors often overlooked in previous research. We analyzed climate change trends in Xinjiang and used machine learning-transfer component analysis to build a transferable coupling model for total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) indicators, resulting in a cotton suitability zoning that accounts for climate and soil fertility factors. Xinjiang has seen an overall increase in cumulative temperature and rainfall, with southern Xinjiang showing the most significant rise (4.02% in temperature and 16.26% in rainfall). The random forest model (RF) outperformed multivariate linear regression (MLR) and support vector machines (SVM) in predicting soil fertility indicators (TN: R

^{2} = 0.80

, SOC: R

^{2} = 0.77

). The RF-TCA coupling model enhanced adaptability, with better performance in TN prediction compared to SOC. The Xinjiang cotton suitability zoning, based on meteorological and soil data, indicates a northward shift in suitable cotton planting areas in northern Xinjiang, while southern Xinjiang continues to maintain a substantial number of suitable planting zones. Notably, the disparity in suitability between the two regions has been narrowing over time. The research offers valuable insights for optimizing cotton planting locations, enhancing resource efficiency, and promoting sustainable development in Xinjiang.

棉花是世界上种植最广泛的纤维作物，在新疆具有重要意义。然而，不适宜的种植环境会阻碍农民的收入，并导致农业资源的大量浪费。本研究探讨了新疆棉花种植区在减少农业投入和污染方面的适宜性。目标是通过考虑气候变化和土壤肥力来促进可持续农业发展，这两个因素在以前的研究中经常被忽视。通过对新疆气候变化趋势的分析，利用机器学习-迁移成分分析，建立了全氮（TN）和土壤有机碳（SOC）指标的可迁移耦合模型，得到了考虑气候和土壤肥力因素的棉花适宜性分区。新疆累计气温和降雨量总体上升，其中南疆增幅最大，累计气温上升4.02%，累计降雨量上升16.26%。随机森林模型（RF）对土壤肥力指标的预测效果优于多元线性回归（MLR）和支持向量机（SVM）（TN: R2=0.80, SOC: R2=0.77）。RF-TCA耦合模型增强了自适应能力，在TN预测方面优于SOC。基于气象和土壤资料的新疆棉花适宜性区划表明，北疆适宜种植面积向北转移，南疆适宜种植面积继续保持较大数量。值得注意的是，随着时间的推移，两个地区在适宜性方面的差距一直在缩小。该研究为优化棉花种植区位、提高资源利用效率、促进新疆可持续发展提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Efficiently enriched Ni, Co, and Zn with (NH4)2S-SDD combined system in MnSO 4 electrolyte （NH4）2S-SDD复合体系在mnso4电解质中高效富集Ni、Co、Zn

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100212

Panpan Mu , Xiaoguang Zhang , Gang Fang , Guosai Jiang , Zhe Tan , De’an Pan

In the electrolytic manganese process, efficient sulfidation enrichment of Ni, Co, and Zn is essential for resource recovery. This study uses (NH₄)₂S and SDD as composite sulfiding agents and employs a batch addition method to achieve high enrichment of Ni, Co, and Zn. When the temperature is 45 °C, the ammonium sulfide dosage is 40% of the theoretical value, the SDD dosage is 160% of the theoretical value, the pH is 5.60, the reaction time is 30 min, and the stirring speed is 650 rpm, the enrichment rates of Ni, Co, and Zn exceed 99%, with a manganese impurity ratio of 1475.3. Under these conditions, the sulfidation of Ni, Co, and Zn is controlled by chemical reactions, with apparent activation energies (Ea) of 30.29, 35.30, and 38.73 kJ/mol, respectively. First-principles calculation results show that the bond length of

C_{3}

H₆NS₂-Me

^{2 +}

and the Gibbs free energy during the sulfidation reaction are key factors contributing to the selective enrichment of Ni, Co, and Zn. The life cycle assessment (LCA) indicates that the treatment cost for 1 L of electrolytic manganese solution is 5.95 ¥, demonstrating good environmental and economic benefits. This study provides an efficient enrichment method for the recovery of strategic metals Ni, Co, and Zn, while also offering an electrolyte with low Ni, Co, and Zn impurities for the electrolytic manganese system.

在电解锰工艺中，高效的硫化富集镍、钴和锌是回收资源的关键。本研究以（NH4）2S和SDD为复合硫化剂，采用批量添加的方法，实现了Ni、Co、Zn的高富集。当温度为45℃，硫化铵用量为理论值的40%，SDD用量为理论值的160%，pH为5.60，反应时间为30 min，搅拌转速为650 rpm时，Ni、Co、Zn的富集率均超过99%，锰杂质比为1475.3。在此条件下，Ni、Co和Zn的硫化受化学反应控制，表观活化能（Ea）分别为30.29、35.30和38.73 kJ/mol。第一性原理计算结果表明，硫化反应中C3H6NS2-Me2+的键长和吉布斯自由能是影响Ni、Co、Zn选择性富集的关键因素。生命周期评价（LCA）表明，1 L电解锰溶液的处理成本为5.95元，具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。本研究为战略金属Ni， Co， Zn的回收提供了一种有效的富集方法，同时也为电解锰体系提供了一种低Ni， Co， Zn杂质的电解质。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystem service bundles under SSP-RCP and local scenarios: A pathway to comprehensive spatial planning for sustainability SSP-RCP和地方情景下的生态系统服务包：可持续发展的综合空间规划路径

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100211

Shihao Zhou , Yilun Qu , Yixiang Wang , Zhaoping Wu , Yan Shi

Global and local efforts have each made significant contributions to advancing sustainable development, yet systematic research on the role of global strategies in guiding local practices remains scarce. This study takes the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations as a case study and introduces an innovative framework that integrates global perspectives with local practices. By conducting a comparative analysis of ecosystem service (ES) bundles under the climate change scenario and a local scenario group, the study identifies critical pathways for optimizing future spatial planning. The findings suggest that merely increasing ESs supply is not the primary objective of the local spatial management, addressing key trade-offs among ESs should take precedence. For instance, promoting sustainable agriculture can mitigate conflicts between ESs, reduce boundaries between woodland and cropland, foster synergies among multiple ESs, and alleviate the imbalance in ecological development between the northern and southern regions. In highly urbanized areas, the growth of urban green spaces can also contribute positively to sustainable development. This framework not only bridges the gap between global strategies and local sustainable development practices but also expands the application of ES bundles in spatial planning and management. It offers new theoretical insights and practical solutions for achieving sustainability.

全球和地方的努力都为促进可持续发展作出了重大贡献，但关于全球战略在指导地方实践方面的作用的系统研究仍然很少。本研究以长三角城市群为例，引入了一个将全球视角与本土实践相结合的创新框架。通过对气候变化情景和局地情景组下生态系统服务包的对比分析，确定了优化未来空间规划的关键路径。研究结果表明，仅仅增加可再生能源的供应并不是地方空间管理的主要目标，解决可再生能源之间的关键权衡应该优先考虑。例如，促进可持续农业可以缓解生态系统之间的冲突，减少林地和耕地的界限，促进多个生态系统之间的协同效应，缓解南北生态发展的不平衡。在高度城市化的地区，城市绿地的增长也可以为可持续发展做出积极贡献。这一框架不仅弥合了全球战略与地方可持续发展实践之间的差距，而且扩大了生态系统捆绑包在空间规划和管理中的应用。它为实现可持续发展提供了新的理论见解和实践解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Intercropping achieves long-term dual goals of yield gains and soil N2O emission mitigation 间作实现了提高产量和减少土壤N2O排放的长期双重目标

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100210

Wenchun Yu , Ping Zhao , Chao Li , Ding Wang , Chunyan Ming , Linkang Chen , Long Zhou , Qilin Zhu , Li Tang , Yanli Zhou , Guangqiang Long

Mitigating nitrous oxide (

N_{2}

O) emissions from agricultural soil is imperative for addressing climate change. Although diversified cropping systems have the potential to augment yields, their impact on soil

N_{2}

O emissions over a long-term scale remains inconclusive. We measured crop yield and soil

N_{2}

O emissions across eight consecutive years based on a positioned plot field experiment, using a constructed monocropping system as a control. We found that maize–potato intercropping after nitrogen (N) fertilisation elevated crop yields by 0.6 Mg ha⁻¹ to 1.2 Mg ha⁻¹ and decreased area- and yield-scaled

N_{2}

O emissions by 5.2%–14.5% and 19.0%–20.6%, respectively, compared with the expected monocropping. Furthermore, the intercropping-induced

N_{2}

O emissions reduction was more pronounced in the initial phase (first 3 years) and stabilised at a lower level in the later phase (last 5 years); it increased with N application rates. The altered nosZ gene abundance and nitrate-N (NO

_{3}^{-}

-N) content in soil, alongside N uptake by crops, primarily contributed to the

N_{2}

O emission reduction after intercropping. The results confirm that long-term intercropping has a positive, but cropping duration-dependent, effect on yield gain and

N_{2}

O emission mitigation. This offers a valuable reference for employing crop diversification to simultaneously address food security and climate change.

减少农业土壤中的一氧化二氮（N2O）排放对于应对气候变化至关重要。尽管多样化种植制度有可能增加产量，但其对土壤N2O排放的长期影响仍不确定。我们使用构建的单作系统作为对照，基于定位样地试验，连续8年测量作物产量和土壤N2O排放。研究发现，与预期的单作相比，施氮后的玉米-马铃薯间作使作物产量提高了0.6 ~ 1.2 Mg ha - 1，按面积和产量计算的N2O排放量分别减少了5.2% ~ 14.5%和19.0% ~ 20.6%。此外，间作引起的N2O排放量减少在初始阶段（前3年）更为明显，在后期（最后5年）稳定在较低水平；随施氮量的增加而增加。nosZ基因丰度和土壤硝态氮（NO3−-N）含量的改变，以及作物对氮的吸收，是间作后N2O排放减少的主要原因。结果表明，长期间作对作物增产和减少N2O排放具有积极的影响，但与种植时间有关。这为利用作物多样化同时解决粮食安全和气候变化问题提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the spatiotemporal dynamics and structural resilience of the global titanium industrial chain: Insights from trade network analysis 全球钛产业链时空动态与结构弹性评价：来自贸易网络分析的启示

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100213

Wei Chen, Xiquan Zhao, Hu Yu

Titanium is a crucial raw material in the chemical industry, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, aerospace, and other fields. Evaluating the spatiotemporal dynamics of global titanium trade patterns is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the titanium trade situation and for enhancing the stability of the titanium supply chain. To this end, this paper constructs global trade networks of titanium ore, titanium dioxide, titanium sponge, and titanium products and utilizes various network analysis methods to deeply investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of global titanium trade patterns, the topology of the trade network, and the resilience characteristics. The study reveals a growing global titanium trade with fluctuations, significantly clustered trade flows, and expanding, denser networks with optimized structures. Over the past 20 years, the trade volumes of titanium ore, titanium dioxide, and titanium products have increased to approximately 2.93, 1.80, and 1.90 times their previous levels, respectively. The global titanium trade networks present significant core–periphery structure characteristics. The centralization coefficients of the four types of titanium commodity trade networks all exceed 0.9, with clear boundaries between the core and peripheral layers, as well as differences in connectivity across the various layers of these networks. The resilience of the global titanium trade network has increased over time, with the resilience of the titanium dioxide and titanium products trade networks significantly higher than that of titanium ore and titanium sponge. However, the failure of key nodes such as China, the United States, and Germany still has a greater impact on network connectivity, and the overall ability of the network to resist intentional attacks is still limited. Finally, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to promote titanium trade cooperation, enhance the resilience of the titanium trade network, and maintain the security of the titanium supply.

钛是化工、冶金、机械制造、航空航天等领域的重要原料。评估全球钛贸易格局的时空动态，对于全面了解钛贸易形势，增强钛供应链的稳定性至关重要。为此，本文构建了钛矿、钛白粉、海绵钛和钛制品的全球贸易网络，并运用多种网络分析方法，深入研究了全球钛贸易格局的时空演变、贸易网络的拓扑结构和弹性特征。研究表明，全球钛贸易呈波动增长趋势，贸易流集聚性明显，网络规模不断扩大、密度不断加大，结构不断优化。近20年来，钛矿、钛白粉和钛制品的贸易量分别增长了约2.93倍、1.80倍和1.90倍。全球钛贸易网络呈现明显的核心-外围结构特征。四类钛商品交易网络的集中化系数均超过0.9，核心与外围边界清晰，各层之间的连通性存在差异。全球钛贸易网络的弹性随时间的推移而增强，其中钛白粉和钛制品贸易网络的弹性明显高于钛矿和海绵钛。但是，中国、美国、德国等关键节点的故障对网络连通性的影响仍然较大，网络抵御故意攻击的整体能力仍然有限。最后，提出了促进钛贸易合作、增强钛贸易网络弹性、维护钛供应安全的政策建议。

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引用次数: 0

Fighting the pollinators decline in practice – Farmers’ willingness to accept an eco-scheme for their conservation in Aragon, Spain 在实践中与传粉昆虫的减少作斗争——西班牙阿拉贡，农民愿意接受一项保护传粉昆虫的生态计划

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100208

Enrique Muñoz-Ulecia , Pilar Uldemolins , Alberto Bernués , Tiziana de-Magistris , Sergio Villamayor-Tomás , Daniel Martín-Collado

We design an eco-scheme under the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027 integrating the two most relevant agricultural practices for pollinator conservation: setting aside conservation land areas and reducing pesticides. Our main objectives are: (i) to measure farmers’ willingness to accept the implementation of pollinators-friendly agricultural practices, and (ii) to assess the effect of farmers’ environmental concerns and the source of recommendation on said willingness. A choice experiment is used to measure farmers’ preference for alternative designs of the eco-scheme in two cropping systems representative of the Aragonese and Mediterranean agriculture: rainfed extensive crops and irrigated/permanent crops.

As we find, Aragonese farmers are willing to uptake agricultural practices for pollinator conservation to certain extent if they are paid to do so. This is especially true for setting aside land for conservation where more demanding practices could be accepted within current Spanish unitary payments (per ha payment). The reduction or elimination of pesticides would require payments far beyond current Spanish unitary payments. Irrigated/permanent crop farmers require larger payments than rainfed crop farmers. Farmers with pro-environmental attitudes selected more environmentally-demanding alternative levels both for sparing agricultural land and reducing pesticides. Finally, the uptake of the eco-scheme could be easier if cooperatives play an active role in its promotion. The hypothetical eco-scheme presented here could be readily implemented within CAP eco-schemes while integrating the objectives of the European Pollinators Initiative, the Biodiversity Strategy 2030 and the Farm to Fork Strategy.

我们在共同农业政策（CAP） 2023-2027框架下设计了一个生态方案，整合了两种最相关的传粉媒介保护农业实践：留出保护用地和减少农药。我们的主要目标是：(i)衡量农民接受实施对传粉媒介友好的农业做法的意愿，（ii）评估农民对环境问题的关注和对这种意愿的建议来源的影响。一项选择实验用于衡量农民对两种具有阿拉贡和地中海农业代表性的种植系统中生态方案替代设计的偏好：雨养粗养作物和灌溉/永久作物。正如我们所发现的，阿拉贡农民愿意在一定程度上采用农业实践来保护传粉媒介，如果他们得到报酬的话。这尤其适用于留出土地用于保护，在目前的西班牙单一支付（每公顷支付）中可以接受更苛刻的做法。减少或消除杀虫剂所需的支付将远远超出西班牙目前的单一支付。灌溉/永久种植作物的农民比雨养作物的农民需要更多的补贴。持环保态度的农民选择了对环境要求更高的替代水平，以节省农业用地和减少农药。最后，如果合作社在促进生态计划方面发挥积极作用，生态计划的采用可能会更容易。本文提出的假设生态方案可以很容易地在CAP生态方案中实施，同时整合欧洲传粉者倡议、2030年生物多样性战略和从农场到餐桌战略的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Potential decarbonization for balancing local and non-local perishable food supply in megacities 在大城市中平衡本地和非本地易腐食品供应的潜在脱碳

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100206

Xintao Lin , Jianping Qian , Jian Chen , Qiangyi Yu , Liangzhi You , Qian Chen , Jiali Li , Pengnan Xiao , Jingyi Jiang

Ensuring urban food security while reducing carbon emissions from food systems is a key challenge. Food localization can reduce transport emissions; however, its role in agricultural production emissions reductions is unclear. Here, we explored the effects of localization of seven perishables, incorporating emissions from production and cold-chain logistics, in Beijing and Shanghai, China; determined decarbonization under different scenarios by increasing or decreasing the localization, with or without constrains, of each food category (balancing strategy). The results show that every 1% increase in the localization of vegetables, poultry, and aquatic products decreased 2020 emissions by 0.4–1.9 tCO₂e, but for beef and lamb, it increased emissions by 0.2–2.9 tCO₂e. Localization decreased cold-chain emission shares for all foods. The balancing strategy with constraints reduced emissions by

\sim

0.76 MtCO₂e (5%) and

\sim

0.44 MtCO₂e (2%) in 2020 in Beijing and Shanghai, respectively. Utilizing urban agriculture at all costs (i.e., without constraints) further reduced emissions by a factor of 3–4. Over 90% of Beijing’s emissions added by 2035 under the business-as-usual scenario were projected to be offset by the strategy. In Shanghai, the strategy could reduce emissions by an additional 0.44 MtCO₂e. The results indicate that expanding imports of carbon-intensive ruminant meat to replace local production and reallocating urban resources to vegetables, poultry, and aquatic products could lead to more sustainable food supplies in megacities. Further development of cold-chain logistics is expected to reduce emissions in synergy with the balancing strategy. Our results could help inform better food system planning in megacities.

在确保城市粮食安全的同时减少粮食系统的碳排放是一项关键挑战。食品本地化可以减少运输排放；然而，它在农业生产减排中的作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们探讨了中国北京和上海七种易腐食品本地化的影响，包括生产和冷链物流的排放；通过增加或减少每种食物类别的本地化（有或没有限制）来确定不同情景下的脱碳（平衡策略）。结果表明，蔬菜、家禽和水产品本地化每增加1%，2020年排放量将减少0.4-1.9 tCO2e，但牛肉和羊肉的排放量将增加0.2-2.9 tCO2e。本地化降低了所有食品的冷链排放份额。有约束的平衡策略在2020年分别使北京和上海的排放量减少了0.76亿吨二氧化碳当量（5%）和0.44亿吨二氧化碳当量（2%）。不惜一切代价（即不受限制）利用城市农业进一步减少了3-4倍的排放量。预计到2035年，北京在“一切照旧”情景下增加的排放量中，90%以上将被该战略抵消。在上海，该战略可额外减少0.44亿吨二氧化碳当量的排放量。研究结果表明，扩大碳密集型反刍动物肉类的进口以取代当地生产，并将城市资源重新分配给蔬菜、家禽和水产品，可能会使特大城市的粮食供应更加可持续。冷链物流的进一步发展有望与平衡战略协同减少排放。我们的研究结果可以为大城市更好的食品系统规划提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Guiding cultivar choice in smallholder agriculture: Identifying suitability hotspots for maturity groups of field crops 指导小农农业的栽培品种选择：确定大田作物成熟度组的适宜性热点

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100204

Uwe Grewer , Peter de Voil , Dilys S. MacCarthy , Daniel Rodriguez

The adoption of suitable crop cultivars is central to the sustainable intensification of smallholder cropping systems across Sub-Saharan Africa and plays a crucial role in improving smallholder incomes and food security. Breeding programmes have significantly increased the availability of early-, mid-, and late-maturing crop cultivars tailored to the Target Population of Environments in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a substantial lack of data-driven maturity group recommendations at a detailed spatial scale. The absence of targeted guidance on the suitability of maturity groups limits the ability of smallholder farmers to make optimal cultivar adoption decisions. Here, we propose a framework using gridded crop modelling to identify locally relevant maturity group recommendations at a high spatial resolution for field crops. Implementing the framework for maize in Ghana, we employ the APSIM crop model across 3927 point locations and weather records for recent thirty years. We show that mid-maturing cultivars consistently provide the highest yields across all national production locations in the major growing season. In the minor growing season, we find that early- and mid-maturing cultivars provide the highest yields across distinct spatial suitability clusters. Specifically, in the minor growing season, mid-maturing cultivars provide the highest yields in high-yielding environments, while early-maturing varieties provide the highest yields in low-yielding environments. We identify specific environment-by-management combinations for which different maturity groups are optimal. The proposed framework enables the development of spatially and seasonally tailored maturity group recommendations that take advantage of prevailing genotype-by-environment-by-management interactions. The approach can readily be scaled to other crops and countries.

采用合适的作物品种是撒哈拉以南非洲地区小农种植制度可持续集约化的核心，在提高小农收入和粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。育种计划大大增加了针对撒哈拉以南非洲环境目标群体量身定制的早、中、晚熟作物品种的可得性。然而，在详细的空间尺度上，大量缺乏数据驱动的成熟度组建议。缺乏关于成熟度群体适宜性的有针对性的指导，限制了小农做出最佳品种采用决策的能力。在这里，我们提出了一个使用网格作物模型的框架，以高空间分辨率为大田作物确定当地相关的成熟度组建议。为了在加纳实施玉米框架，我们在3927个地点和近30年的天气记录中采用了APSIM作物模型。我们表明，在主要生长季节，在所有国家生产地点，中成熟品种始终提供最高的产量。在小生长期，在不同的空间适宜性集群中，早熟和早熟品种的产量最高。具体而言，在小生长期，中熟品种在高产环境下产量最高，而早熟品种在低产环境下产量最高。我们确定了特定的环境管理组合，不同的成熟度组是最优的。所提出的框架能够利用普遍存在的基因型-环境-管理相互作用，制定适合空间和季节的成熟度组建议。这种方法可以很容易地推广到其他作物和国家。

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引用次数: 0