Resources Environment and Sustainability最新文献

It is expected that diseases are likely to spread to newer areas, and high-income countries may experience some illnesses that may have been restricted to low or middle-income countries. In addition, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the present study noted that climate change is likely to have many effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria in many Sub-Saharan African countries. This study examines climate change effects on the geographical distribution of malaria occurrence and how extreme climatic events may perhaps be determining factors in the range of vectors for human diseases in SSA in the nearest future. Here, the study appraisals the symbiotic connection of (1) malaria transmission and association with the changes in temperature, rainfall, and humidity as well as their extremes in SSA and (2) the relationship between climate and malaria with the role of climate change in determining upsurge in malaria and meningitis occurrences in the SSA. The study concludes that major drivers of malaria occurrence are climatic elements such as precipitation and temperature. Therefore, we call for a better early Warning System on a proposed roadmap solution for Sub-Saharan Africa.

In the EU, about 12% of the greenhouse gas emissions derive from buildings. To decrease the emissions from buildings, more energy-efficient technologies must be implemented. Drivers for the implementation of energy-efficient technologies are important to achieve this. Interviews were conducted with different actors within a city district development project to find drivers for the implementation of energy-efficient technologies in buildings. These drivers were connected to different phases of a building project to see when they have the highest potential impact. Connecting drivers to various phases of the construction process has not been explored before. In conclusion, drivers have the most impact during the Planning Program phase and the Project Planning phase. The most mentioned drivers are Cost reduction from lowered energy use, More knowledge within the building industry both stated by ten of 18 respondents, Long-term perspective at client, and National requirements and client demands both stated by eight of 18 respondents. The most prominent driver seems to be economic gains, and LCC calculations for showing potential economic gains are therefore a very important tool. Education with a subsequent certification on working with energy-efficient technologies and building techniques can be a driver and would also combat the lack of knowledge within the business. In-house knowledge at the client, Long-term perspective at the client, and Client demands are three great drivers. Clients in building projects should therefore aim to have good in-house knowledge, and a long-term perspective to be able to set the right requirements and drive for energy-efficient technologies.

The problem of land degradation has resulted into low agricultural productivity over the last two decades in Nigeria thus encouraging sustainable land management practices. Thus, we examined the determinants of choice of sustainable land management practices and the factors influencing the adoption of multiple sustainable land management practices including the effects of adoption of sustainable land management practices on maize productivity using endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) in Nigeria. The result of the multivariate probit model found that gender, household size, marital status, farming experience, farm size, years of formal education, access to extension contacts, access to credit and owning a land influenced the maize farmers’ decision to choose between the different sustainable land management practices. The result of the ordered probit model showed that gender, marital status, farming experience, access to extension contacts, access to credit and owning a land influenced farmers decision to adopt multiple sustainable land management practices. Furthermore, the results of the effect of variables such as age, gender, marital status, farming experience, farm size, membership in association and access to extension services translates into increased maize productivity for the maize farmers who adopted sustainable land management practices. The result of the IPWRA showed that adoption of SLMP improves the productivity of the maize farmers. Enacting policy measures that will promote the adoption of SLMP where there is an improvement in farmers having access to financial support and improved extension services towards the smallholder farmers is required.

Multiple previous reports have established that climate change disproportionately impacts smallholder farmers in developing countries. This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation, defined by farmers’ decisions to adopt the improved practices to mitigate or reduce the effects of climate change, on crop revenue and revenue risk exposure. We employ the control function approach in an endogenous switching regression framework to account for selection bias. Using the household survey data from Nepal, we find that climate change adaptation positively affects crop revenue and revenue risk reduction. Specifically, climate change adaptation leads to a 21.6% increase in farm revenue and a 6.4% reduction in downside risk exposure, which are robust to several specifications. Counterfactual analysis shows the considerable heterogeneities in the outcomes among adapters and non-adapters. In particular, adapting farm households realize substantial and distinguishable gains in revenues and declines in risk levels relative to their non-adapting peer households. Our findings imply that adapting to climate change can be an effective management practice to mitigate the risks associated with climate change and increase resilience.

Soil is a vital resource and non-renewable biodiversity during a human life, and without soil living in the world is impossible. The results of global research between agricultural soils and community health, thinkers have not yet reached promising results. For this purpose, 10 years of important environmental information consist of; the type of soil texture system process and related factors were received from official centers as well as in a survey (field). In this regard, to evaluate, analyze and conclude the process of the research area, the strategic multidisciplinary model (SMM), Excel and SPSS program were used. The 10-year information trend of the region (heights of the upstream), which was the findings of the operational research, showed that the conventional agricultural situation is not associated with the principle of convergence on the unity of environmental practice. In this multidisciplinary study, the percentage of (PU), clay and silt, (SOC), the ratio of (B/C) and (DRW), (AR) have decreased. In contrast to the decrease components, the percentage of sand, and (ND), (TUL), (LLS) has increased. So, with such a very strong research strategy in the target area, we were able to provide technical information to politicians and executives about the conventional methods of erosion of the components involved with the operational environment, for agriculture and sustainable natural resources. In the continuation of our efforts, we have been able to change the traditional negative beliefs in the target area of the research, on the components that promote the production of opportunity maker crops (endogenous products) in the upstream elevation regions of Mazandaran province, Iran.

Invasive tree removal from grazing lands using costly brush management practices is widely employed. However, wildfire-like natural events can prevent the increasing trend of woody tree encroachment in grazing lands at no cost, instead of cost-oriented prescribed burning. This study aims to estimate the effects of wildfire in 2002 on woody tree encroachment trends during the post-wildfire period (2003–20), as well as the recurrence interval of the encroachment of a wildfire site in the United States. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was employed to forecast the tree cover during the post-wildfire period. We found that the pre-wildfire tree cover was 4.26% of the total area, which decreased to 1.42% immediately after the wildfire. During 2003–20, wildfire contributed to an average lowering of woody-dominated areas of the wildfire site by 6.59%. The wildfire-recovered grazing area was converted to a woody area again after 8 years, which was due to recurring woody encroachment. Therefore, it is critical to implement brush management strategies to stop the recurrence of woody plant encroachment following wildfire.