Resources Environment and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Can the Resource Nexus guide improvements in urban planetary health? Insights from a literature review","authors":"Rayyan Sulieman ,&nbsp;Martina Artmann ,&nbsp;Daniel Karthe ,&nbsp;Martin Behnisch","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2007, cities have accommodated more than half of the global population. Their growth has led to significant environmental modifications and at least some degradation of the natural environment, with significant consumption of imported resources, waste generation and pollutant emissions. This on the one hand leads to a special importance of cities for planetary health, and on the other hand underlines the necessity of integrated approaches in environmental resources management for improving urban planetary health. However, the role of integrative approaches, such as the Resource Nexus, in urban planetary health remains insufficiently explored. This study addresses this gap by conducting a semi-systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guidelines to select and document the current state of knowledge on urban planetary health and the role of the Resource Nexus approach for sustainability transformations in this context. Based on 57 papers, a qualitative text analysis was conducted through the lens of the Resource Nexus framework. It was found that all key environmental resources are covered regarding their role for urban planetary health, with climate, food, biota, land, and water identified as the most critical elements for enhancing planetary health. Moreover, the analysed literature shows that despite the many challenges, urban areas offer a multitude of opportunities for societal, political, and economic interventions that can benefit environmental and human health. Maximizing synergies and minimizing trade-offs requires addressing both challenges and opportunities. This often involves making multiple changes at both the urban societal and governance levels. These changes create a systemic shift, moving away from prioritizing economic prosperity and towards a focus on planetary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food trade of China saved global land but increased water appropriation and carbon emissions from 2010 to 2020","authors":"Meng Li ,&nbsp;Huijun Wu ,&nbsp;Hongrong Huang ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Pute Wu ,&nbsp;La Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global food trade has been growing and diverse with environmental burden shifting across the trade bilateral partners. However, the temporal evolution of the environmental impacts and resources degradations embedded in food trade remains unclear for the recent decades. This study analyzes China’s food supply and trade relationships of 71 food items with 174 countries and territories from 2010 to 2020, examining the associated water, land, carbon footprint (WF, LF and CF) based on the bottom-up method, as well as the corresponding virtual water, land, carbon flows and resources saving. Results show that WF and LF of Chinese food consumption increased while CF decreased over the period. National net virtual water, land and carbon imports more than doubled, mainly due to the import of legumes and nuts from Latin America. Trade conserved 56.6 Mha/yr of land but consumed 30 Gm³/yr of water and raised net carbon emissions by 56 Mt/yr in 2020. This analysis shows a crucial view on the non-negligible role of a certain country’s food trade network changes on global environmental degradations though worldwide food productivity improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing carbon storage dynamics in an ecological civilization demonstration zone amid rapid urbanization: A multi-scenario study of Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Xuehai Fei ,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Weiduo Chen ,&nbsp;Haiqiang Du ,&nbsp;Yingqian Huang ,&nbsp;Yi Shen ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Aping Niu ,&nbsp;Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective management of terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for mitigating climate change, especially in regions like Guizhou Province, where significant carbon sequestration potential is challenged by urbanization and ecological initiatives. This study simulates the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon storage in Guizhou under multiple land use and land cover (LULC) scenarios and explores their ecological and economic impacts. Specifically, LULC and ecosystem service data were applied to assess carbon storage and habitat quality from 1990 to 2020. LULC projections from 2030 to 2060, incorporating habitat quality constraints, were generated to assess carbon storage and its economic value. The results show that Guizhou’s carbon storage increased from 3423.13 Tg to 3475.42 Tg, with forest restoration increasing it by 301.62 Tg and agricultural expansion reducing it by 218.63 Tg. Projections indicate continued growth under the current trend, with 125.19 Tg of carbon sequestration valued at 11.29 billion Chinese Yuan by 2060. Ecological initiatives could accelerate these benefits, while urban expansion may limit them. Carbon storage in different sequences of development scenarios was similar, suggesting that later development strategies can partially offset earlier differences resulting from varying priorities. Nevertheless, it remains essential to consider the sequence effects on other ecosystem services and socioeconomic factors. These findings highlight the importance of ecological engineering and reveal the flexibility in balancing ecological goals with urban development, providing guidance for long-term integrated planning to achieve sustainable development. This study provides a methodological basis for carbon storage research, supporting regional land management practices in the context of carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale-dependent effects of tree species diversity on soil erosion resistance","authors":"Huaqing Liu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Gao,&nbsp;Xining Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, vegetation establishment is an important approach for controlling soil erosion, which induces land degradation. However, the understanding of the effects of tree species diversity on soil erodibility across spatial scales remains incomplete. This study employed the Universal Soil Loss Equation model to quantify soil erodibility and aligned it with tree species diversity data obtained from the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative database. Our findings revealed a global decrease in soil erodibility with increases in tree species diversity, though this relationship varies among biomes and ecoregions. Specifically, soil erodibility decreased with increasing tree species diversity in 6 of the 11 biomes and 54.90% of the ecoregions analyzed. Comprehensive analyses revealed that increased productivity, NDVI, and basal area mediated this reduction in erodibility across both groups. In ecoregions where tree species diversity was negatively correlated with soil erodibility, lower precipitation during the driest month and quarter, higher precipitation seasonality, lower silt content, and higher elevation were observed compared with those of the ecoregions with positive correlations between tree species diversity and soil erodibility. Among ecoregions characterized by clay content &gt; 18.3% and silt content &lt; 40%, 79.55% exhibited a reduction in soil erodibility as tree species diversity increased. These findings highlight the inherent spatial variability and mechanistic complexity of biodiversity-soil erodibility relationships, underscoring the need for targeted, soil-specific restoration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph-based machine learning for high-resolution assessment of pedestrian-weighted exposure to air pollution","authors":"Feifeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrians are particularly vulnerable to air pollution due to their proximity to pollutant sources and elevated respiratory rates during physical activity, amplifying cumulative health risks. However, existing studies focus on concentration- or residence-based exposure assessment, overlooking the dynamic interaction between pollution patterns and pedestrian activity. This study therefore introduces a novel methodological framework to assess pedestrian-specific exposure to PM2.5 in diverse urban environments. Applied to New York City, the framework leverages graph-based machine learning to predict street-level PM2.5 concentrations from vehicle-sensed pollution data, while estimating high-resolution pedestrian volume derived from street view imagery and ground-truth count data. The results reveal significant divergences between traditional exposure assessments and pedestrian-specific exposure patterns, uncovering previously overlooked high-risk zones. High-exposure hotspots are not limited to areas with elevated pollution levels but also include locations where moderate pollution coincides with high pedestrian activity. This study also explores the spatial relationship between exposure patterns and urban vegetation coverage, providing actionable insights for targeted interventions. By bridging the gap between pollution dynamics and pedestrian activity, this research provides urban planners and policymakers with new insights for developing pedestrian-centered air quality management strategies, contributing to healthier and more sustainable urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the long-term return of mix-sowing green manures increase nitrogen utilization and decrease ecological costs of wheatland under reduced chemical nitrogen input?","authors":"Jingui Wei,&nbsp;Wen Yin,&nbsp;Qiang Chai,&nbsp;Zhilong Fan,&nbsp;Falong Hu,&nbsp;Lianhao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing nitrogen (N) utilization and reducing ecological costs of farmland are key objectives for mitigating environmental pollution and advancing sustainable agricultural development. Green manure is widely used to increase crop N efficiency while replacing partial chemical N input. However, it remains uncertain whether reducing chemical N supply, combined with mix-sowing green manures, could increase N utilization and reduce ecological costs of wheatland, revealing its mechanisms of soil N regulation and bacteria diversity. A 6-year field experiment was conducted in an arid irrigation area of northwestern China, implementing wheat multi-cropping different green manures and mix-sowing green manures (F, fallow; CV, common vetch; R, rapeseed; HCV, hairy vetch and common vetch) under reduced chemical N (N3, conventional N application rate; N2, reduced N by 20%; N1, reduced N by 40%). Our results showed that reducing chemical N decreased wheat yield and N efficiency, while green manure return increased wheat yield and N efficiency. Under N2, HCV had a higher wheat yield and N efficiency than CV, R, and F. Wheat N uptake and active N loss were decreased with chemical N reduction but enhanced with green manure return. HCVN2 improved wheat N uptake by 8.3% while reducing ammonia volatilization, nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrate leaching by 12.5%, 17.2%, and 22.1%, respectively, compared to FN3. The mechanisms of HCVN2 enhanced N utilization and reduced ecological costs of wheatland, mainly including increased N contents in the 0–40 cm soil layer, improved soil enzyme activities of N metabolism, and enriched soil bacterial diversity. Therefore, mix-sowing green manures return enhanced N utilization and decreased ecological costs of wheatland under a 20% reduction in chemical N input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement joint fertilization efficacy of straw and nitrogen fertilizer on soil quality and seedcotton yield for sustainable cotton farming","authors":"Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Zhitao Liu ,&nbsp;Li’an Wang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Mengyao Guo,&nbsp;Wen Jin,&nbsp;Wei Hu,&nbsp;Yali Meng,&nbsp;Haishui Yang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straw return with optimizing nitrogen fertilizer is an important way to achieve sustainable cotton farming. However, quantitative analysis of joint fertilization efficacy (JFE) of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer on soil quality and seedcotton yield remains uncertain. Herein, based on a 7-year field experiment, we evaluated the dynamic characteristics of JFE of straw return and nitrogen rates (75, 150 and 300 kg N ha⁻¹, denote as N75, N150 and N300, respectively) on soil quality index (JFE-SQI) and seedcotton yield (JFE-Y) in a cotton–wheat​ cropping system of East China. The results showed that straw return with moderate nitrogen rate (i.e.N150) improved soil quality by reducing bulk density, increasing soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, promoting nutrient availability, stimulating microbial growth and enhancing soil enzyme activities, thereby improving seedcotton yield and its stability. Straw return with N150 could also achieve higher JFE-SQI and JFE-Y synergistically. Meanwhile, JFE-SQI and JFE-Y at N150 had a synergistic effect (JFE &gt; 10%) in the first 5 year while a summing effect (−10% <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> JFE <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 10%) from the sixth year. And the highest JFE-Y could be reached when moderate JFE-SQI was achieved, indicating that there was a nitrogen-driven tradeoff between JFE-SQI and JFE-Y. Moreover, Climatic factor exerted a significant contribution to seedcotton yield and JFE-Y. In conclusion, reasonable straw return and nitrogen fertilizer management strategy is an effective way to realize sustainable cotton planting under the global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combatting environmental impacts and microbiological pollution risks in Potato cropping: Benefits of forage cultivation in a semi-arid region","authors":"Xudong Sun ,&nbsp;Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah ,&nbsp;Guangyan Wang ,&nbsp;Huasen Wang ,&nbsp;Jishao Jiang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Caspar C.C. Chater ,&nbsp;Yongping Yang ,&nbsp;Yuanwen Duan ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Yu ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous potato cropping in semi-arid regions, which are vulnerable to erosion, reduces tuber yields and leads to a decline in soil quality. This research delves into the impact of forage cultivation on soil bacterial and archaeal communities and the associated hazard-related virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within potato cropping systems. The study reveals that distinct crop rotation schemes significantly alter soil physicochemical properties. Compared to non-potato cultivation, continuous potato cropping substantially reduces soil organic carbon from 31.9 g kg <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> to 15.7 g kg <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and total nitrogen from 3.7 g kg <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> to 1.6 g kg <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, indicating a notable deterioration in soil fertility. Among the ten identified phyla, Proteobacteria demonstrates the highest relative abundance, from 34.6% to 38.4%, closely followed by Actinobacteria, ranging from 20.5% to 36.0%. These two phyla likely play a crucial role in maintaining soil health. Moreover, continuous potato cultivation (CPC) results in more specific ARGs than non-potato cultivation (NPC). This phenomenon implies that CPC may select for particular resistance traits within the soil microbiome, potentially due to changes in the composition of the soil microbiota. Forage crops (oats or a mixture of oats and peas) exhibit varying effects on ARGs at different growth stages. The differences observed between the flowering and maturity stages of oats suggest that plant growth and the composition of root exudates can influence microbial communities and the prevalence of ARGs. The Mantel test further indicates that specific soil properties impact the abundance of certain microbial taxa and determine the expression of key functional genes, including those associated with antibiotic resistance. These findings underscore the intricate interactions among microbial communities, genes, and soil health, providing essential guidance for formulating agricultural practices to manage soil health and mitigating problems such as antibiotic resistance in continuously cropped soils.</div><div>Importantly, this study highlights the significant benefits of crop diversification, primarily through the incorporation of forage crops, in safeguarding soil health and maintaining microbial diversity within potato cropping systems. The results offer valuable perspectives for developing sustainable agricultural strategies, which can enhance soil fertility and promote ecosystem stability in semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-control of multi-pollutants and CO2 based on extended life cycle assessment in electrolytic manganese industry","authors":"Ruichen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Bai ,&nbsp;Dandan Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yuan ,&nbsp;Chunge Dang ,&nbsp;Feilong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) industry has long been restricted because of associated heavy pollution and high CO₂ emissions. In this study, an extended life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on the entire process of EMM production and an integrative decision-making framework was developed for the co-abatement of multiple pollutants and CO₂, including emissions accounting, program design, and co-abatement economic benefits assessment. In the extended LCA that additionally considers the electric power supply and manganese residue treatment, the CO₂ emissions from EMM production increased by 173% and the equivalent pollutant loads decreased by 85%. A technical guideline consisting of 16 co-control measures was formulated based on capacity adjustment, energy structure optimization, production management, and technical equipment upgrading. After eliminating the overlapping abatement effects among measures, this scheme achieved a cumulative abatement potential of 35.3% for CO₂ and 96.3% for the equivalent pollutants. The co-econ<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> ranking results show that technologies based on the concepts of source reduction and resource recycling are more environmentally friendly and cost-efficient. Sensitivity analysis proved that the results were robust. This study enriches the theory of co-control of emissions and provides an efficient and credible methodology and practical reference for policymakers and industrial enterprises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global supply chain restructuring towards achieving a low-carbon procurement of mineral resources for metal production","authors":"Keitaro Maeno ,&nbsp;Shohei Tokito ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Yokoi ,&nbsp;Shigemi Kagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce embodied CO₂ emissions in producing metals for which rapid demand growth is expected due to their critical role in decarbonization, it is essential for metal industries worldwide to establish a low-carbon procurement structure of mineral resources as raw materials for their production activities. This study explored the CO₂ reduction potential by shifting the sourcing partners of mineral resources for metal production towards a low-carbon procurement structure, considering the structural changes in global supply chains (GSCs) (i.e., GSC restructuring) triggered by these shifts. In this process, we applied a multi-regional input output framework in an extended way to model the GSC restructuring based on physical transactions of mineral resources internationally traded in GSCs. From the results focusing on the restructuring of GSCs of the Japanese industries towards the low-carbon procurement of iron and copper ores revealed a CO₂ reduction potential of the GSC restructuring by approximately -40% of CO₂ emissions embodied in the production of both relevant mineral resources induced in the GSCs. Furthermore, by comparing the restructuring in GSCs of the Japanese, German, USA, and Chinese industries, we highlighted differences in the significance of the CO₂ reduction potential of GSC restructuring in each GSC. Finally, we demonstrated the GSC restructuring formulated in this study has a large contribution to reducing scope3-CO₂ emissions of metal production in the relevant GSCs, and provided effective policy suggestions for governments in countries that rely on outsourcing for mineral resources based on our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}