Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia最新文献

The studies revealed specificity of morphologic changes in target organs, depending on acting occupational hazard. Evidences are that inhalation of coal rock dust causes irreversible sclerotic and degenerative changes mostly in lungs and bronchi even on 6th week of the experiment. In liver, changes in parenchyma and stroma are controlled by reparative processes by 9th week. Accumulation of sodium fluoride in the body causes irreversible necrotic changes mostly in liver, on 6th week of the intoxication. With that, morphologic changes in lungs and bronchi are minor, characterized by immune inflammation with degenerative changes only after the 9th week. Irrespective of the acting hazard, vascular changes are characterized by media and intima hypertrophy with endothelial dystrophy and hyalinosis since the 6th week of the experiment.

The authors studied intracellular liver protective mechanisms in development of chronic fluorine intoxication. Findings are that synthesis of protective proteins HIF-1α, HOx-1, HOx-2 and HSP72, restricting free radical oxidation in hepatocytes increased in liver at early stages (1-3 weeks) of exposure to fluorine. At late terms of chronic fluorine intoxication (6-12 weeks), damaging effects of fluorine result from its genotixicity - ability to suppress synthesis of intracellular protective proteins and enzymes of main metabolic cycles in liver.

The authors present analysis of changes in genera! morbidity related to age and length of service for truck drivers (chronic diseases of cardiovascular system, respiratory and digestive organs, urinary system, spine, locomotory system and connective tissue) exposed to complex combination of occupational hazards (unusual work schedule, night shifts, air pollution with automobile transport exhaust gases). Morbid "ity parameters were calculated according to deep medical investigation results in periodic examinations of drivers and their appealability to medical office. General hygienic evaluation of work conditions was performed according to increment in risk of diseases for length of service years (annual risk increase). Difference of disease risk increase rates related to age and length of service was applied to determine occupational and non-occupational fractions of general morbidity in drivers working in hazardous conditions.

The article presents results on experimental modelling an influence of silver nanoparticles incorporated into natural polymer arabinogalactane matrix on brain tissue of white outbred rats. The rats underwent parenteral injection of silver nanoparticles incorporated into polymer arabinogalactane matrix (dosage of 100 and 500 micrograms of silver per kg of the animal weight). The studies covered expression of 2 proteins participating in apoptosis process, in mitochondrial activation type - caspase-3 and protein bcl-2. During experiment, the groups examined demonstrated significant dose-dependent effect of bcl- 2 protein expression and increased number of caspase-3 expressed and non-expressed hyperchromic cells under exposure to argentumarabinogalactane - that indicates disorders of cellular structure and apoptosis development.

The study covered health state of mine workers of "Apatit" enterprise according to periodic medical examination data in 2014. Medical workup covered 1360 miners of main, auxiliary occupations, with assessment of standardized intensive morbidity parameters. The analysis defined the most unfavorable health state of main occupations workers, with leading pathology of locomotory diseases, nervous system (polyneuritis) and ear disorders. These diseases could be caused by specific work conditions characterized by exposure to vibration, noise, intense physical exertion, cooling.

The article presents results proving significant advantage of ultrasound examination vs. X-ray contrast myography in diagnosis of occupational myofibrosis early stages. The authors recommend implementation of thi s method into medical examination practice for better diagnosis of occuptional myofibrosis to objectify decision on linking the disease with occupation.

The study covered features of work conditions, occupational risks and health state in 574 workers of automobile and railway transport, engaged into transportation of lobe rock in Kolsk Transpolar area. Findings are higher risk of occupationally conditioned (onychomycosis, obesit arterial hypertension and peptic ulcer of duodenum/stomach) and occupational diseases (neurosensory deafness, radiculopathy, vibration disease) in rock handler drivers. Conclusion was made on necessity to improve prophylaxis and treatment of health disorders in these workers.

Recently, the studies search possibilities to visualize and objectify sensory disorders in polyneuropathy caused by vibration. Special attention is paid on studies of injuried structures responsible for temperature and pain sensitivity. Examination covered 92 patients with vibration disease, aged 34 to 73 years. Methods used are: pallesthesiometry, quantitative sensory tests, questionnaires and s 'cales of pain (visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, Pain-Detect, MPQ DN-, HADS). Correlation was found between.temperature, pain thresholds and VAS and pallesthesiometry parameters. The obtained results analysis indicates formation distal polyneuropathy syndrome of upper limbs with concomitant pain during vibration disease.

The article covers historical materials about Russian scientists Vladimir Vladimirovitch Svyatlovsky, author of the first Russian manual on industrial medicine - <>. Role of the scientist in national science development, his contribution into workers' health preservation, his works and lectures - these are topics also covered in the article.

Serum levels of zincum, lead, nickel and mercury decrease in a row <>; average levels of manganese, cobalt, copper and arsenic are higher among females; in pregnant women serum levels of most metals are the lowest. If compared to the WHO. reference, levels of metals in whole blood demonstrated no excess in cobalt and cadmium, nearly absent - in arsenic, increased percentage of excess (but insignificant values) in copper and zincum, extremely high percentage of excess (and significant values) in manganese and nickel. Maximal manganese concentrations in blood reach 300 micrograms/I, those of nickel - 100 micrograms/I. Average blood concentrations of mercury in the examinees do not reach the most severe <> (S micrograms/1), and shares of men and women with blood concentrations of mercury over this limit are relatively small. Average blood concentrations of lead in the examinees do not reach lower allowable level (50 micrograms/1).