Purpose: In this study, we contribute to the existing literature by examining the relationship between military spending changes and economic growth in China over the period 1995 to 2018 using granger causality test. We would also explore short and long run relationship between GDP growth and military expenditure of China.
Approach/Methodology/Design: Data used in this study are yearly data covering the period of 1995 to 2018 and the variables are Gross Domestic product (GDP) and Military Expenditure (ME). Data were collected from World Bank. GDP is at 2010 constant US prices and ME is expressed as a percentage of economic growth. All variables are transformed into the natural logarithm to obtain growth effects.
Findings: Using causality test, the causal relationship between the variables revealed that the alternative hypothesis should be accepted which is lagged GDP variable (proxy of economic growth) does not cause ME in our first VAR granger causality Wald test model. However, we discover and verified that there is one-way causality from economic growth to military spending, but no causality from military spending to economic growth is observed in this study. China’s positive economic growth can finance its military expenditure.
Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of influence of GDP on military expenditure for emerging and developed economies.
Originality/value: This study innovates by using co-integration, E-granger and granger causality test to find out economic growth causing military expenditure in developing economies like China.
{"title":"Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in China","authors":"S. Agyapong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3601487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3601487","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In this study, we contribute to the existing literature by examining the relationship between military spending changes and economic growth in China over the period 1995 to 2018 using granger causality test. We would also explore short and long run relationship between GDP growth and military expenditure of China.<br><br>Approach/Methodology/Design: Data used in this study are yearly data covering the period of 1995 to 2018 and the variables are Gross Domestic product (GDP) and Military Expenditure (ME). Data were collected from World Bank. GDP is at 2010 constant US prices and ME is expressed as a percentage of economic growth. All variables are transformed into the natural logarithm to obtain growth effects.<br><br>Findings: Using causality test, the causal relationship between the variables revealed that the alternative hypothesis should be accepted which is lagged GDP variable (proxy of economic growth) does not cause ME in our first VAR granger causality Wald test model. However, we discover and verified that there is one-way causality from economic growth to military spending, but no causality from military spending to economic growth is observed in this study. China’s positive economic growth can finance its military expenditure.<br><br>Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of influence of GDP on military expenditure for emerging and developed economies.<br><br>Originality/value: This study innovates by using co-integration, E-granger and granger causality test to find out economic growth causing military expenditure in developing economies like China.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125358828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: Модернизация и развитие российского образования – следствие и объективный ответ на вызовы времени, динамичные преобразования в обществе, экономике, политике, а также мировые образовательные тренды, сопровождающиеся существенными изменениями в педагогической теории и практике образования. В процессе профессионально-педагогической деятельности учителей возникают затруднения при оценке и интерпретации достигаемых учащимися новых образовательных результатов, особенно – метапредметных (универсальные учебные действия) и личностных, которые формируются и развиваются не только в процессе обучения, но и в разнообразных видах внеурочной деятельности, включая интеллектуальные виды спорта (шахматы, компьютерные игры, киберспорт и др.). Деятельность педагогов осложняется тем, что в отечественных, как, впрочем, и в международных подходах и системах оценки метапредметных образовательных результатов, не устоялся терминологический аппарат и существует множество подходов к определению сущности понятий «метапредметность» и «метапредметные образовательные результаты». На решение данной проблемы направлено исследование «Разработка на институциональном уровне дидактического и психолого-педагогического инструментария оценки метапредметных образовательных результатов обучающихся в урочной и внеурочной деятельности».
English Abstract: The modernization and development of Russian education is a consequence and an objective response to the challenges of the time, dynamic transformations in society, economy, politics, as well as global educational trends, accompanied by significant changes in pedagogical theory and practice of education. In the process of professional pedagogical activity of teachers, difficulties arise in assessing and interpreting the new educational results achieved by students, especially metasubject (universal educational actions) and personal ones, which are formed and developed not only in the learning process, but also in various types of extracurricular activities, including intellectual types sports (chess, computer games, e-sports, etc.). The activities of teachers are complicated by the fact that in domestic, as well as in international approaches and systems for assessing metasubject educational results, the terminological apparatus has not been established and there are many approaches to defining the essence of the concepts of “metasubject” and “Metasubject educational outcomes”. The study "Development of didactic and psychological-pedagogical tools for assessing metasubject educational results of students in classroom and extracurricular activities" is aimed at solving this problem.
俄罗斯Abstract:俄罗斯教育的现代化和发展是对时间挑战、社会、经济、政治和全球教育趋势的客观回应，伴随着教育理论和实践的重大变化。在职业教育活动中，教师很难评估和解释学生所取得的新教育成果，特别是元学科(普遍性教学)和个人成果，这些成果不仅在学习过程中产生和发展，而且在各种课外活动中形成和发展，包括智力运动(国际象棋、计算机游戏、网络体育等)。教师活动的复杂之处在于，国内的方法，国际的方法和评价元学科教育结果的系统，没有固定的术语，有很多方法来定义“元学科”和“元学科教育成果”。旨在解决这一问题的研究重点是“在制度层面上发展为评价课程和课外活动的元学科教育成果的教学工具”。英语Abstract:俄罗斯教育的现代发展是对时代挑战的一种理解和探索，社会的动态变化，经济的变化，政治的变化。In the process of professional pedagogical based of teachers, difficulties results的In委员会and interpreting the new教育achieved by学生,especially metasubject (actions) and personal ones,环球教育主演are formed and developed not only In the learning process, but also In《types of extracurricular activities, including高智发明types sports (chess, computer games, e - sports, etc)。技术人员的行动是由事实决定的，就像在国际应用程序和系统中一样，“我们还没有建立起来，而且有一种方法可以解决“metasubject”和“metasubect edutcomes”。工作室“didactic和心理治疗工具”是classroom和extracuriacities中学生的学习工具。
{"title":"Разработка на институциональном уровне дидактического и психолого-педагогического инструментария оценки метапредметных образовательных результатов обучающихся в урочной и внеурочной деятельности (Development at the Institutional Level of Didactic and Psychological-Pedagogical Tools for Assessing Met","authors":"N. Tarasova, I. Pastukhova, Svetlana Chigrina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692350","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Модернизация и развитие российского образования – следствие и объективный ответ на вызовы времени, динамичные преобразования в обществе, экономике, политике, а также мировые образовательные тренды, сопровождающиеся существенными изменениями в педагогической теории и практике образования. В процессе профессионально-педагогической деятельности учителей возникают затруднения при оценке и интерпретации достигаемых учащимися новых образовательных результатов, особенно – метапредметных (универсальные учебные действия) и личностных, которые формируются и развиваются не только в процессе обучения, но и в разнообразных видах внеурочной деятельности, включая интеллектуальные виды спорта (шахматы, компьютерные игры, киберспорт и др.). Деятельность педагогов осложняется тем, что в отечественных, как, впрочем, и в международных подходах и системах оценки метапредметных образовательных результатов, не устоялся терминологический аппарат и существует множество подходов к определению сущности понятий «метапредметность» и «метапредметные образовательные результаты». На решение данной проблемы направлено исследование «Разработка на институциональном уровне дидактического и психолого-педагогического инструментария оценки метапредметных образовательных результатов обучающихся в урочной и внеурочной деятельности».<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The modernization and development of Russian education is a consequence and an objective response to the challenges of the time, dynamic transformations in society, economy, politics, as well as global educational trends, accompanied by significant changes in pedagogical theory and practice of education. In the process of professional pedagogical activity of teachers, difficulties arise in assessing and interpreting the new educational results achieved by students, especially metasubject (universal educational actions) and personal ones, which are formed and developed not only in the learning process, but also in various types of extracurricular activities, including intellectual types sports (chess, computer games, e-sports, etc.). The activities of teachers are complicated by the fact that in domestic, as well as in international approaches and systems for assessing metasubject educational results, the terminological apparatus has not been established and there are many approaches to defining the essence of the concepts of “metasubject” and “Metasubject educational outcomes”. The study \"Development of didactic and psychological-pedagogical tools for assessing metasubject educational results of students in classroom and extracurricular activities\" is aimed at solving this problem.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130961772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using data from 43 US cities, Correia, Luck, and Verner (2020) finds that the 1918 Flu pandemic decreased economic growth, but that Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) mitigated its adverse economic effects. Their starting point is a striking positive correlation between 1914-1919 economic growth and the extent of NPIs adopted at the city level. We show that those results are driven by population growth between 1910 to 1917, before the pandemic. We also extend their difference in differences analysis to earlier periods, and find that once we account for pre-existing differential trends, the estimated effect of NPIs on economic growth are a noisy zero; we can neither rule out substantial positive nor negative effects of NPIs on employment growth.
{"title":"Public Health Interventions and Economic Growth: Revisiting The Spanish Flu Evidence","authors":"Andrew Lilley, M. Lilley, Gianluca Rinaldi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3590008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3590008","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from 43 US cities, Correia, Luck, and Verner (2020) finds that the 1918 Flu pandemic decreased economic growth, but that Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) mitigated its adverse economic effects. Their starting point is a striking positive correlation between 1914-1919 economic growth and the extent of NPIs adopted at the city level. We show that those results are driven by population growth between 1910 to 1917, before the pandemic. We also extend their difference in differences analysis to earlier periods, and find that once we account for pre-existing differential trends, the estimated effect of NPIs on economic growth are a noisy zero; we can neither rule out substantial positive nor negative effects of NPIs on employment growth.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114856151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report begins by articulating why public funding of demonstration projects is necessary in principle, and then briefly reviews the federal record in practice. Next, it describes the portfolio needed to drive forward on deep decarbonization, which will require the federal government to coinvest in many more demonstration projects. The core of the report delves into how the federal government could better manage the demonstration portfolio by articulating a set of management precepts and applying them to several options. The report concludes by summarizing our analysis and recommendations.
{"title":"More and Better: Building and Managing a Federal Energy Demonstration Project Portfolio","authors":"R. Rozansky, D. Hart","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3905532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3905532","url":null,"abstract":"This report begins by articulating why public funding of demonstration projects is necessary in principle, and then briefly reviews the federal record in practice. Next, it describes the portfolio needed to drive forward on deep decarbonization, which will require the federal government to coinvest in many more demonstration projects. The core of the report delves into how the federal government could better manage the demonstration portfolio by articulating a set of management precepts and applying them to several options. The report concludes by summarizing our analysis and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115996959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study documents two potential biases in recent analyses of UI benefit extensions using boundary-based identification: bias from using county-level aggregates and bias from across-border policy spillovers. To examine the first bias, the analysis uses a regression discontinuity approach that accounts for measurement error in county-level aggregates. These results suggest much smaller effects than previous studies, casting doubt on the applicability of border-based designs. The analysis then shows substantial spillover effects of UI benefit duration on across-border work patterns, consistent with increased tightness in high-benefit states and providing evidence against a dominant vacancy reduction response to UI extensions. (JEL E24, E32, J22, J64, J65)
{"title":"Revisiting the Effects of Unemployment Insurance Extensions on Unemployment: A Measurement Error-Corrected Regression Discontinuity Approach","authors":"S. Dieterle, Otávio Bartalotti, Quentin Brummet","doi":"10.1257/POL.20160439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/POL.20160439","url":null,"abstract":"This study documents two potential biases in recent analyses of UI benefit extensions using boundary-based identification: bias from using county-level aggregates and bias from across-border policy spillovers. To examine the first bias, the analysis uses a regression discontinuity approach that accounts for measurement error in county-level aggregates. These results suggest much smaller effects than previous studies, casting doubt on the applicability of border-based designs. The analysis then shows substantial spillover effects of UI benefit duration on across-border work patterns, consistent with increased tightness in high-benefit states and providing evidence against a dominant vacancy reduction response to UI extensions. (JEL E24, E32, J22, J64, J65)","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128528977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.26595/eamr.2014.6.2.3
Enriqueta Mancilla-Redón, Carmen Lozano Arizmendi
The individual account pension system established by the Social Security Act 1997 shows that the contributions of beneficiaries invested in retirement fund managers have had negative returns and the investment instrument in which the contributions of the retirement savings system are invested are not known. The objective of this study is to analyze the contributions in AFORES of an SB2 classification beneficiary invested in SIEFORES and the performance they have generated that the statements reveal to quantify in a prospective study the value of the pension in its old age. It is hypothesized that the pension obtained by a beneficiary is insufficient to sustain a quality of life at this unproductive stage of life. It applies the hemerographic-legislative technique, and a quantitative study of time series. As a result of the study is concluded that the regime individual account system pensions contains uncertainty factors for the beneficiary and meets strict requirements for temporaryity and work activity, and pension income to be received in old age will not guarantee the quality of life of individual account holders.
{"title":"Study of an SB2 Beneficiary’s Pension Plan","authors":"Enriqueta Mancilla-Redón, Carmen Lozano Arizmendi","doi":"10.26595/eamr.2014.6.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26595/eamr.2014.6.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The individual account pension system established by the Social Security Act 1997 shows that the contributions of beneficiaries invested in retirement fund managers have had negative returns and the investment instrument in which the contributions of the retirement savings system are invested are not known. The objective of this study is to analyze the contributions in AFORES of an SB2 classification beneficiary invested in SIEFORES and the performance they have generated that the statements reveal to quantify in a prospective study the value of the pension in its old age. It is hypothesized that the pension obtained by a beneficiary is insufficient to sustain a quality of life at this unproductive stage of life. It applies the hemerographic-legislative technique, and a quantitative study of time series. As a result of the study is concluded that the regime individual account system pensions contains uncertainty factors for the beneficiary and meets strict requirements for temporaryity and work activity, and pension income to be received in old age will not guarantee the quality of life of individual account holders.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117331654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several democracies, such as Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, have observed relatively higher number of deaths from COVID-19, raising the concern about the effectiveness of democratic political institutions in dealing with the public health crisis the scale of COVID-19. In this paper, we use available cross-sectional dataset of deaths by COVID-19 from 120 countries to empirically examine this concern. We find very weak, albeit some, evidence that democratic political institutions is one potential cause behind the higher number of deaths in certain countries. While we cannot completely rule out the role of democratic political institutions however it is too early to blame democracy for the havoc caused by COVID-19. Nevertheless, we find robust evidence that countries with higher share of young population aged between 14 to 64 years experienced significantly lower deaths, while the countries with higher tourist arrivals experienced relatively higher deaths.
{"title":"Devastation Caused by COVID-19: Is Democracy to Blame?","authors":"Badar Nadeem Ashraf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3596009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596009","url":null,"abstract":"Several democracies, such as Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, have observed relatively higher number of deaths from COVID-19, raising the concern about the effectiveness of democratic political institutions in dealing with the public health crisis the scale of COVID-19. In this paper, we use available cross-sectional dataset of deaths by COVID-19 from 120 countries to empirically examine this concern. We find very weak, albeit some, evidence that democratic political institutions is one potential cause behind the higher number of deaths in certain countries. While we cannot completely rule out the role of democratic political institutions however it is too early to blame democracy for the havoc caused by COVID-19. Nevertheless, we find robust evidence that countries with higher share of young population aged between 14 to 64 years experienced significantly lower deaths, while the countries with higher tourist arrivals experienced relatively higher deaths.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124365009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1999, Terrorist acts as occasioned by insurgency activities in the far Northern part of Nigeria, uprisings in Niger-Delta, separatist movements in South-east, herdsmen attacks in North-Central Nigeria, kidnappings in the South-West, armed robbery and judicial cum other violent activities in the rest of the country, have invariably put Nigeria in a siege perpetually afraid of what will happen next. Never a time in her history has the country threatened by fear of insurgent attacks since the civil war of 1967-1970. Political differences, poverty, ethnic struggles, fear of marginalization, nepotism, partiality in the distribution of economic resources, corruption, insincerity, deceit etc. have been contributory to the terrorist attacks in the country. Solutions seem to be far-fetched. The result is untold economic impact which continues to worsen the indices for development. Low Human Development, drop in school enrollment, unemployment, poor health conditions, in short, all statistics for development keep on dwindling as IDP Centers are established here and there with poor management and supervision. This article tends to analyze the economic impact of terrorism in Nigeria from 1999-2018. This article adopts frustration/aggression theory for interpretation of events. Secondary source materials were extensively utilized.
{"title":"Historical Analysis of Economic Impact of Terrorism in Nigeria from 1999-2019","authors":"Cynado Ezeogidi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3586926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3586926","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1999, Terrorist acts as occasioned by insurgency activities in the far Northern part of Nigeria, uprisings in Niger-Delta, separatist movements in South-east, herdsmen attacks in North-Central Nigeria, kidnappings in the South-West, armed robbery and judicial cum other violent activities in the rest of the country, have invariably put Nigeria in a siege perpetually afraid of what will happen next. Never a time in her history has the country threatened by fear of insurgent attacks since the civil war of 1967-1970. Political differences, poverty, ethnic struggles, fear of marginalization, nepotism, partiality in the distribution of economic resources, corruption, insincerity, deceit etc. have been contributory to the terrorist attacks in the country. Solutions seem to be far-fetched. The result is untold economic impact which continues to worsen the indices for development. Low Human Development, drop in school enrollment, unemployment, poor health conditions, in short, all statistics for development keep on dwindling as IDP Centers are established here and there with poor management and supervision. This article tends to analyze the economic impact of terrorism in Nigeria from 1999-2018. This article adopts frustration/aggression theory for interpretation of events. Secondary source materials were extensively utilized.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126141069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. M. Ambong, S. Lumbo, R. A. Dagos, Marlyn Nielo, Veronica C. Ferrer, Amalia E. Roldan
Existing research studies posited that research productivity in a higher education institution (HEI) is associated with faculty academic profile, co-authorship network, and institutional linkages. This article explores the research productivity in Occidental Mindoro State College, a level three state college in the Philippines, based on State Universities and Colleges Levelling indicators of the Commission on Higher Education and the Program Expenditure Classification indicators of the Department of Budget and Management for Research Program of a Philippine HEI. This article also presents the constraints and challenges of a state college in strengthening its research function in preparation to become a full-fledged university. Conclusions are drawn for policy implications.
{"title":"Looking at the Research Productivity of a Level III State College in the Philippines Towards Attaining University Status","authors":"R. M. Ambong, S. Lumbo, R. A. Dagos, Marlyn Nielo, Veronica C. Ferrer, Amalia E. Roldan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3876866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3876866","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research studies posited that research productivity in a higher education institution (HEI) is associated with faculty academic profile, co-authorship network, and institutional linkages. This article explores the research productivity in Occidental Mindoro State College, a level three state college in the Philippines, based on State Universities and Colleges Levelling indicators of the Commission on Higher Education and the Program Expenditure Classification indicators of the Department of Budget and Management for Research Program of a Philippine HEI. This article also presents the constraints and challenges of a state college in strengthening its research function in preparation to become a full-fledged university. Conclusions are drawn for policy implications.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126815516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, using a new channel of political connections, firm dependency on government sales, I study the value of political connections for firms. I find an economically and statistically significant relation between firm dependency on government entities in terms of revenues and the cross-section of future stock returns. Firms experience significantly higher profit margins post government dependency. In addition, past government sales significantly predict future government sales. The atypical features of government contracts and the information asymmetry between the contractor and contractee are likely to be behind the firms' higher profit margins. Further tests based on attention and uncertainty proxies suggest that investors' limited attention and greater valuation uncertainty contribute to abnormal returns. Furthermore, I find evidence suggesting that firms gain the wealth effects of political connections found by Cooper, Gulen, and Ovtchinnikov (2010) by winning material government contracts; however, the wealth effects of government dependency stay strong even after controlling for such connections.
{"title":"Economic Benefits of Firms' Government Sale Dependency","authors":"Bharat Raj Parajuli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3576125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3576125","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using a new channel of political connections, firm dependency on government sales, I study the value of political connections for firms. I find an economically and statistically significant relation between firm dependency on government entities in terms of revenues and the cross-section of future stock returns. Firms experience significantly higher profit margins post government dependency. In addition, past government sales significantly predict future government sales. The atypical features of government contracts and the information asymmetry between the contractor and contractee are likely to be behind the firms' higher profit margins. Further tests based on attention and uncertainty proxies suggest that investors' limited attention and greater valuation uncertainty contribute to abnormal returns. Furthermore, I find evidence suggesting that firms gain the wealth effects of political connections found by Cooper, Gulen, and Ovtchinnikov (2010) by winning material government contracts; however, the wealth effects of government dependency stay strong even after controlling for such connections.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133999140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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