Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases and poses significant challenges for the healthcare sector and the community. Distress in patients with T2DM leads to severe physical and mental consequences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between distress and the nutritional status of T2DM patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 203 T2DM patients at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from October to December 2022. Of the participants, 54.2 % were female with an average age of 62.1 (±12.4). The waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly different between genders (p < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was high at 46.7 %, with females having a 2.3 times higher WC and a 1.5 times higher WHR compared to males. The study identified several factors related to the nutritional status and distress in T2DM patients, including age, gender, residence, family history of T2DM, lifestyle habits, and nutritional status (p < 0.05). Early and comprehensive evaluation of T2DM patients is essential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Background and aim

Findings on the effects of propolis supplementation on the lipid profile in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders are conflicting. The current comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evidence in this regard.

Methods

Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of propolis supplementation on lipid profile in adults with MetS and related disorders. The data was pooled using a random-effects model and is presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).

Results

Ten RCTs involving a total of 683 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results revealed that propolis supplementation led to a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (WMD: −7.97 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −13.11 to −2.83, P = 0.002; I² = 69.9 %) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD: 2.85 mg/dL, 95 % CI: 0.41 to 5.28, P = 0.02; I² = 82.2 %). However, there was no significant impact on triglyceride (WMD: −9.12 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −22.84 to 4.59, P = 0.19; I² = 0.0 %) and total cholesterol levels (WMD: 0.69 mg/dL; 95 % CI: −4.79 to 6.18, P = 0.80; I² = 81.9 %).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggests that propolis supplementation improves serum LDL-C and HDL-C levels, which could delay the progression of heart disease. However, these results were based on limited RCTs, and further clinical trials are needed to exclusively study the effects of propolis on individuals with dyslipidemia to confirm our findings.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2022, nearly 8 in 10 individuals who suffered from a stroke showed a history of hypertension, and over 60 % of those with Diabetes have hypertension with high triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, bad cholesterol). Both high LDL and Diabetes double the threat of CVD incidence, with the probability of all the previous risk factors being higher in adults who are overweight and obese. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is critical to developing metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The elaboration of the mechanisms by which n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids operate and convert to the essential fatty acids in the body will allow us to clearly understand the significance of the optimum ratio of the two. According to research, the human body can maintain optimum health with an intake ratio of n-6/n-3 of 5:1; however, the current ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA intake is 20:1 in the Western diet. As the intake of n-6 PUFA heavy diet increases, we notice an incline in the incidence rate of metabolic syndromes through activating the inflammatory pathways. Omega 6 and omega 3 compete for the same enzyme binding site, and depending on which is bound, the resulting essential fatty acid signals a cascade of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors. This review discusses the importance of the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in preventing, developing, and progressing cardiovascular disease.

Purpose

Hyperuricemia is a significant health concern worldwide. It is important to identify pregnant women who may be at risk to enhance pregnancy care. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and identify some factors associated with hyperuricemia among Vietnamese pregnant women.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 340 pregnant women were enrolled from May 2021 to December 2021. Demographic information, anthropometric data, and food frequency consumption (within 1 month before delivery) were collected from the participants. In addition, the biochemical indices of the participants were collected from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was deployed to identify associated factors (p < 0.05).

Results

The prevalence of hyperuricemia was estimated at 20.3 %. Factors associated with hyperuricemia risk among Vietnamese pregnant women include eating red meat (aOR: 2.3), eating animal organs (aOR: 2.5), not meeting vegetable recommendations (aOR: 6.7), hyper-total cholesterol (aOR: 2.4), disease during pregnancy (aOR: 3.5) and gestational weight gain below recommendations (aOR: 0.2).

Conclusions

The prevalence of hyperuricemia among pregnant women was relatively high at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Consuming red meat and animal organs, not meeting vegetable recommendations, having high total cholesterol, and experiencing pregnancy-related diseases are the major factors associated with higher rates of hyperuricemia in this study.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the on-diagnosis nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer via different nutritional assessment tools and their association with three-year mortality.

Materials and method

In the present prospective study, 303 participants with GC, aged≥18 years old were included. The nutritional status assessment was performed after diagnosis and before initiation of any treatment using PG-SGA, NRS-2002, and MUST tests. All patients were followed up every six months for three years. The overall survival (OS) was calculated from the diagnosis date to the date of death or last visit.

Results

The prevalence of malnutrition was 74.6 %, 66.7 %, and 64.2 % according to NRS-2002, MUST, and PG-SGA tools respectively. There was a slight agreement between PG-SGA and NRS2002 and MUST; and NRS2002 and MUST. Considering the PG-SGA as a reference tool, the sensitivity for NRS2002 was high (83.5 %), but MUST showed low sensitivity (71.6 %). The specificity for both tests was low. There was a significant association between three-year mortality and patients at risk of malnutrition based on the PG-SGA tool (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

The present study showed the high prevalence of malnutrition in GC patients on admission. At diagnosis, PG-SGA should be applied to screen nutritional status, and based on this tool results, proper nutritional interventions should be implemented to improve nutritional status in patients with GC.

Context

Vitamin D acts as an immune modulator, by downregulating the production of inflammatory immune markers and upregulating the production of anti-microbial peptides and anti-inflammatory markers. Hence, vitamin D may be useful in improving the immune response against respiratory tract diseases.

Objective

A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) and meta-analysis were performed to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the immune response to respiratory tract diseases irrespective of population type.

Data sources

Electronic search engines Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Clinicaltrials.gov, Clinical Trial Registry India, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles.

Data extraction

Sixteen RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Methods of the selected studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment. Using the random-effects model meta-analysis was performed if at least three articles studied similar immune markers. Thus, IL-6, cathelicidin, CRP, TNF alpha, and IFN gamma, were included in the analysis. In all 16 articles were included for qualitative assessment, and 14 articles for meta-analysis.

Data analysis

There was a significant decrease in CRP levels after intervention with an overall effect of Z = 3.37 (P < 0.00). The observed increase in IL-10 levels was not significant with an overall effect of Z = 0.84 (p = 0.40). There was no significant decrease in IL6 [Z = 0.59 (P = 0.56)], and interferon-gamma levels [Z = 1.70 (p = 0.09)]. Secondary outcomes including mortality, and length of hospital stay did not show a significant difference in the intervention group.

Conclusion

Among the biomarkers studied CRP significantly decreased, with no significant changes in the others. Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation modestly affects the immune response. Pooling infectious and non-infectious respiratory diseases could have underestimated our findings. More RCTs are warranted to obtain substantial results.

Background

Hypertension is a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. However, there is a lack of hypertension research at the local level, particularly in the Rangpur region of Bangladesh.

Aim

The study aims to estimate the prevalence of hypertension as well as the specific association of hypertension with overweight and obesity among adults in the Rangpur region of Bangladesh.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Rangpur division of Bangladesh from July to September 2021. A total of 1302 individual data were collected by the simple random sampling method. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with hypertension. To show the strength of association, both the unadjusted Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).

Results

The overall prevalence of hypertension, overweight, and obesity in the sample population were 23.0 %, 40.6 %, and 7.0 %, respectively. The study identified a significant association between hypertension and overweight and obesity (p-value <0.001). Overweight adults had a 61 % higher risk of hypertension (AOR: 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.22–2.14), while the risk was 2.35 times higher for obese individuals (AOR: 2.35; 95 % CI: 1.43–3.87), compared to those with normal weight.

Conclusion

Given the high prevalence of hypertension in the study area, immediate public health initiatives are imperative. It is crucial to prioritize overweight and obesity as key factors in designing effective interventions for hypertension prevention and control.

Background

Screening is needed for the early detection of obesity, but if detection through anthropometric examinations and body composition measurements is not correct, then cases of obesity will increase and it will be too late to prevent. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between anthropometric parameters and body composition parameters such as fat mass in adult non-athlete males and females.

Patients and Methods

The study design was cross-sectional and included 255 men and women from three cities in Indonesia. The research subjects were 18-60 years old and underwent anthropometric and body composition examinations. The parameters assessed were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat, fat mass, fat-free mass index (FFMI), and normalized FFMI; BMI and fat mass was used for comparison. For further analysis, the chi-squared test and Spearman's correlation were used.

Results

The results show that BMI, waist circumference, and visceral fat had the highest difference between men-women, and in obese-non obese cases. Body mass index is a factor that has a strong correlation with fat mass (r=0.687); additionally, waist circumference can be used as a parameter that has a medium correlation with fat mass (r=0.46) and visceral fat has weak correlation with fat mass (r=0.348). Waist circumference also had a strong correlation with BMI (r=0.785). While FFMI and normalized FFMI showed correlation to BMI, but not to fat mass.

Conclusions

This study found that BMI can be used as a strong assessment to detect obesity in men and women who are not athletes, besides that waist circumference and visceral fat can be used as a easy assessment to detect obesity as a prevention action. Apart from that, FFMI and normalized FFMI can be more accurate for obese detection based on BMI or waist circumference.

Numerous publications have demonstrated that polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster influence the levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) synthesized in the body from essential precursors. They can be consumed through the diet as well. These LC PUFAs perform important plastic and regulatory functions in the body. The associations between the polymorphisms of FADS genes and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the body with some inflammatory and chronic diseases were shown. To date, very few studies in the Russian Federation researched the distribution of polymorphic variants in FADS1 and FADS2 genes and no studies examined the effects of these polymorphisms on the level of FAs in tissues.

So, the purpose of this paper was to study the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the rs174544 polymorphism of the FADS1 gene and the rs174583 polymorphism of the FADS2 gene and their influence on the FA composition of erythrocyte membranes in residents of the Central region of the Russian Federation (RF). Additionally, the effect of ω-3 PUFAs fortified food products on this composition was examined.

Methods

The study included 70 volunteers aged 23–69 years from Moscow region who provided informed consent. They were genotyped for rs174544 polymorphism of FADS1 gene and rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene by real-time PCR. The participants of the study consumed fruit or vegetable smoothies enriched with either vegetable (chia seeds flour) or animal (fish oil flour) sources of ω-3 PUFAs for 1 month. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in some of the volunteers was analysed using gas-chromatography before and after fortification of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.

Results

The frequency of genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms studied were similar to those published for the European region. For rs174544, the genotype frequencies were CC (61%), CA (29%), and AA (10%), frequency of allele A was 24%. For rs174583, the genotype frequencies were CC (51%), CT (39%), and TT (10%), frequency of allele T was 29%. Carriers of minor alleles of both polymorphisms studied had significantly higher levels of ω-6 and ω-3 LC PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes compared to those carrying other genotypes. This differs from the results of other studies where carriers of minor alleles as were shown to be slow converters of precursors to LC PUFAs. The reason of the discrepancy was most likely associated with the obesity and dietary preferences of our study participants who carry the minor alleles. Over the period of one-month consumption of food sources providing an additional intake of either 2 g/day ω-3 PUFAs from fish oil or 6.5 g/day of ω-3 PUFAs from chia seed flour markedly reduced the incorpora