Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200297
Xixiang Wang , Jingjing Xu , Yiyao Gu , Jie Mu , Shaobo Zhou , Xiaojun Ma , Lu Liu , Yu Liu , Zhi Duan , Linhong Yuan , Ying Wang
Background
Abnormal metabolic syndrome, adipose distribution and different body shapes caused by obesity are associated with the levels of blood biochemical indexes. However, the sex-specific relationship between body shapes and blood biochemical indexes is poorly investigated.
Research design and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1828 subjects matched by age and sex. The scatter plot and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the correlation between variables. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between body shapes and the risk of abnormal blood biochemical indexes level.
Results
Compared with the non-obesity group, the compound obesity group had a higher risk of abnormal Glu and TG levels independent of sex. Besides, the sex-specific association showed that the risk of abnormal TG levels was higher in males with peripheral obesity but in females with central obesity. Meanwhile, female subjects with peripheral obesity had a higher risk of abnormal UA levels.
Conclusions
This study showed that obese subjects had a higher risk of abnormal UA and TG compared to non-obese subjects, and there were sex differences in this relationship, suggesting that future studies exploring the relationship between body shapes and blood biochemical indexes also need to consider the potential role of sex.
{"title":"Sex-specific association of blood triglyceride and uric acid with body shapes in Chinese adults","authors":"Xixiang Wang , Jingjing Xu , Yiyao Gu , Jie Mu , Shaobo Zhou , Xiaojun Ma , Lu Liu , Yu Liu , Zhi Duan , Linhong Yuan , Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Abnormal metabolic syndrome, adipose distribution and different body shapes caused by obesity are associated with the levels of blood biochemical indexes. However, the sex-specific relationship between body shapes and blood biochemical indexes is poorly investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Research design and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1828 subjects matched by age and sex. The scatter plot and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the correlation between variables. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between body shapes and the risk of abnormal blood biochemical indexes level.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the non-obesity group, the compound obesity group had a higher risk of abnormal Glu and TG levels independent of sex. Besides, the sex-specific association showed that the risk of abnormal TG levels was higher in males with peripheral obesity but in females with central obesity. Meanwhile, female subjects with peripheral obesity had a higher risk of abnormal UA levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that obese subjects had a higher risk of abnormal UA and TG compared to non-obese subjects, and there were sex differences in this relationship, suggesting that future studies exploring the relationship between body shapes and blood biochemical indexes also need to consider the potential role of sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200295
Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun , Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe , Mary Tosin Ademosun , Omodesola Oluwafisayo Ogunruku , Ganiyu Oboh
The search for cost-effective and innovative dietary fiber sources that promote probiotic growth and support healthy gut microbiota development has become increasingly important in food product innovation. The gut microbiota is crucial for various physiological functions, such as nutrient absorption, immune system enhancement, gut structural integrity, and detoxifying harmful substances. One effective way to foster a beneficial relationship with gut microbiota is through dietary choices, which significantly affect the microbiota's structure, composition, metabolism, and overall function. Notably, orange peels not only promote the growth of probiotic bacteria but also enable these beneficial microbes to convert the polyphenols in the peels into even more healthful forms. The combination of probiotics and orange peels can lead to the creation of synbiotics, which are functional foods aimed at improving human health. In contrast, the typical Western diet, high in refined sugars, trans fats, and sodium, negatively impacts gut health and the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms. To enhance gut microbiota health, there should be a focus on food products low in processed sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats, while being high in dietary fiber and polyphenols. Orange peels are particularly notable for their high levels of dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds, both of which can positively affect the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms.
{"title":"Improving gut microbiome through diet rich in dietary fibre and polyphenols: The case for orange peels","authors":"Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun , Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe , Mary Tosin Ademosun , Omodesola Oluwafisayo Ogunruku , Ganiyu Oboh","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for cost-effective and innovative dietary fiber sources that promote probiotic growth and support healthy gut microbiota development has become increasingly important in food product innovation. The gut microbiota is crucial for various physiological functions, such as nutrient absorption, immune system enhancement, gut structural integrity, and detoxifying harmful substances. One effective way to foster a beneficial relationship with gut microbiota is through dietary choices, which significantly affect the microbiota's structure, composition, metabolism, and overall function. Notably, orange peels not only promote the growth of probiotic bacteria but also enable these beneficial microbes to convert the polyphenols in the peels into even more healthful forms. The combination of probiotics and orange peels can lead to the creation of synbiotics, which are functional foods aimed at improving human health. In contrast, the typical Western diet, high in refined sugars, trans fats, and sodium, negatively impacts gut health and the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms. To enhance gut microbiota health, there should be a focus on food products low in processed sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats, while being high in dietary fiber and polyphenols. Orange peels are particularly notable for their high levels of dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds, both of which can positively affect the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200294
Georgina Noel Marchiori , Mayra Ainelén Loyola , Clara Marián Levy Sánchez , María Daniela Defagó , María Georgina Oberto
Background
The increasing acceptance of gut health-promoting foods emphasizes the need of understanding which factors influence their consumption. This study aimed to investigate the population's knowledge about probiotics, prebiotics, and fermented foods, and how this impacts their intake, considering socio-demographic factors and clinical-nutritional health.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2128 Argentine adults aged 18-82 years-old. An online questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, clinical-nutrition and dietary data, as well as information about population's knowledge. Logistic regression models were used for analysis.
Results
Fermented foods and probiotic-rich yogurts were consumed occasionally, while prebiotic food intake was more frequent. Yogurt with L.casei and bifidobacterium, onions and olives were the most popular foods, while kefir was the most discontinued food. More than sixty percent participants answered >50 % of knowledge-based questions correctly. However, a significant proportion of people were not aware of prebiotics’ definition and their dietary source. A suitable knowledge was associated with increased chances of consuming probiotic nutraceuticals and fermented foods. Female gender, age, being in a couple, recent antibiotic use, a history of medical conditions associated with higher probiotic nutraceuticals intake, and overweight were associated with a lower intake likelihood. A mixed diet showed opposite results on probiotic yogurts and fermented foods consumption.
Conclusion
Findings reveal a low frequency of gut health-promoting foods consumption, particularly sources rich in probiotics. Interventions aimed at increasing public awareness, as well as promoting a healthier diet and nutritional status, could be effective in boosting consumption of fermented foods and probiotics.
{"title":"Gut health-promoting foods intake in Argentine adults: The impact of knowledge, socio-demographic factors, and clinical-nutritional health","authors":"Georgina Noel Marchiori , Mayra Ainelén Loyola , Clara Marián Levy Sánchez , María Daniela Defagó , María Georgina Oberto","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing acceptance of gut health-promoting foods emphasizes the need of understanding which factors influence their consumption. This study aimed to investigate the population's knowledge about probiotics, prebiotics, and fermented foods, and how this impacts their intake, considering socio-demographic factors and clinical-nutritional health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2128 Argentine adults aged 18-82 years-old. An online questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, clinical-nutrition and dietary data, as well as information about population's knowledge. Logistic regression models were used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fermented foods and probiotic-rich yogurts were consumed occasionally, while prebiotic food intake was more frequent. Yogurt with L<em>.casei and bifidobacterium</em>, onions and olives were the most popular foods, while kefir was the most discontinued food. More than sixty percent participants answered >50 % of knowledge-based questions correctly. However, a significant proportion of people were not aware of prebiotics’ definition and their dietary source. A suitable knowledge was associated with increased chances of consuming probiotic nutraceuticals and fermented foods. Female gender, age, being in a couple, recent antibiotic use, a history of medical conditions associated with higher probiotic nutraceuticals intake, and overweight were associated with a lower intake likelihood. A mixed diet showed opposite results on probiotic yogurts and fermented foods consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings reveal a low frequency of gut health-promoting foods consumption, particularly sources rich in probiotics. Interventions aimed at increasing public awareness, as well as promoting a healthier diet and nutritional status, could be effective in boosting consumption of fermented foods and probiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200293
Ayobami O. Sobanke , Afusat Aiyeola , Frances I. Okwuonu , Wuraola S. Nnaemeka , Jeremiah C. Ndubuisi , Franklin I. Udeoji , Jane N. Adiele
Heat stress (HS) is a major physiological stressor that induces oxidative damage, inflammation, and metabolic disruptions, all of which cause harm to health. This study investigates the potential protective effects of Allium cepa L. (AC), against the physiological alterations brought on by HS. Twenty male rats were utilized in this study and divided into 4 groups: Control, HS, AC, and HS + AC. Rats were exposed to 38–39 °C for 2 h each day for three weeks to induce HS while 1.0 ml/100 g body weight of ethanolic extract of AC was administered orally for three weeks. Hematological parameters, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles were analyzed using blood samples obtained through heart puncture.
The findings demonstrated that HS significantly lowered levels of hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and antioxidant enzyme activity. However, there was a significant rise in the levels of inflammatory markers, platelet counts, LDL-c triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and white blood cell (WBC). Many of these alterations were reversed by AC supplementation, by increasing RBC counts, HB levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities while decreasing LDL-c, TG and TC, MDA, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α). However, the positive benefits of AC were partially diminished in the HS + AC group, perhaps due to the severe oxidative stress caused by heat stress (HS).
This study highlights the probable potential of AC as a natural antioxidant in modifying heat stress-induced oxidative damage, hematological changes, and lipid metabolism disruptions; however, its protective effects are insufficient to mitigate heat stress. Therefore, further research is required to explore the other possible underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Allium cepa L. as a natural antioxidant: Its efficacy in combating heat stress-induced physiological alterations","authors":"Ayobami O. Sobanke , Afusat Aiyeola , Frances I. Okwuonu , Wuraola S. Nnaemeka , Jeremiah C. Ndubuisi , Franklin I. Udeoji , Jane N. Adiele","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stress (HS) is a major physiological stressor that induces oxidative damage, inflammation, and metabolic disruptions, all of which cause harm to health. This study investigates the potential protective effects of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. (AC), against the physiological alterations brought on by HS. Twenty male rats were utilized in this study and divided into 4 groups: Control, HS, AC, and HS + AC. Rats were exposed to 38–39 °C for 2 h each day for three weeks to induce HS while 1.0 ml/100 g body weight of ethanolic extract of AC was administered orally for three weeks. Hematological parameters, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles were analyzed using blood samples obtained through heart puncture.</div><div>The findings demonstrated that HS significantly lowered levels of hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and antioxidant enzyme activity. However, there was a significant rise in the levels of inflammatory markers, platelet counts, LDL-c triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and white blood cell (WBC). Many of these alterations were reversed by AC supplementation, by increasing RBC counts, HB levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities while decreasing LDL-c, TG and TC, MDA, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α). However, the positive benefits of AC were partially diminished in the HS + AC group, perhaps due to the severe oxidative stress caused by heat stress (HS).</div><div>This study highlights the probable potential of AC as a natural antioxidant in modifying heat stress-induced oxidative damage, hematological changes, and lipid metabolism disruptions; however, its protective effects are insufficient to mitigate heat stress. Therefore, further research is required to explore the other possible underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200291
Vernon Uganiza Rayo , Lauren Okamoto , Maricarmen Cervantes , Mee Young Hong , Nathaniel Jason , Mark Kern , Changqi Liu , Elise North , Svitlana Storm , Oliver C. Witard , Shirin Hooshmand
Almonds are a plant-based source of lipids, proteins, fibers, micronutrients, and phytochemicals associated with cardiometabolic health benefits. We examined blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, anthropometrics, blood pressure, food cravings, and mood both pre- and post-feeding, using a randomized, crossover design with 26 healthy adults (37±6 y) consuming either ALMOND (57 g/d) or an isocaloric amount of pretzels (CONTROL) for 8 weeks. Almond supplementation was expected to improve all primary outcomes when compared to CONTROL. ALMOND improved diet quality through increased intakes of monounsaturated fat (Δ+58 %), polyunsaturated fat (Δ+24 %), α-tocopherol (Δ+133 %), β-tocopherol (Δ+33 %), and magnesium (Δ+30 %) relative to CONTROL (Interaction: all p < 0.05). Copper intake increased (Δ+27 %) and sodium decreased (Δ-20 %) during ALMOND (Time: all p < 0.05). A reduction in waist circumference (Δ-1.1 cm) and decrease in carbohydrate intake (Δ-20 %) was observed during ALMOND vs. CONTROL (Trial: all p < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity decreased during CONTROL (Time: p < 0.05) but remained constant during ALMOND. Frequency of food cravings over the last 7 days of experimentation increased during ALMOND vs. CONTROL (Interaction: all p < 0.05). No differences in blood lipid profile, physical activity, and assessments of mood were observed between trials (all p > 0.05). This study demonstrates that a 57 g/d serving of almonds modestly improves diet quality and waist circumference. However, almond supplementation elicited no clinically significant benefits on lipid profile, blood pressure, physical activity, and assessments of cravings and mood. Future mechanistic studies are warranted to understand the effect of almond supplementation on cardiometabolic health in various populations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04787718.
{"title":"Almond snacking modestly improves diet quality and waist circumference but not psychosocial assessments and other cardiometabolic markers in overweight, middle-aged adults: A randomized, crossover trial","authors":"Vernon Uganiza Rayo , Lauren Okamoto , Maricarmen Cervantes , Mee Young Hong , Nathaniel Jason , Mark Kern , Changqi Liu , Elise North , Svitlana Storm , Oliver C. Witard , Shirin Hooshmand","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almonds are a plant-based source of lipids, proteins, fibers, micronutrients, and phytochemicals associated with cardiometabolic health benefits. We examined blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, anthropometrics, blood pressure, food cravings, and mood both pre- and post-feeding, using a randomized, crossover design with 26 healthy adults (37±6 y) consuming either ALMOND (57 g/d) or an isocaloric amount of pretzels (CONTROL) for 8 weeks. Almond supplementation was expected to improve all primary outcomes when compared to CONTROL. ALMOND improved diet quality through increased intakes of monounsaturated fat (Δ+58 %), polyunsaturated fat (Δ+24 %), α-tocopherol (Δ+133 %), β-tocopherol (Δ+33 %), and magnesium (Δ+30 %) relative to CONTROL (Interaction: all p < 0.05). Copper intake increased (Δ+27 %) and sodium decreased (Δ-20 %) during ALMOND (Time: all p < 0.05). A reduction in waist circumference (Δ-1.1 cm) and decrease in carbohydrate intake (Δ-20 %) was observed during ALMOND <em>vs.</em> CONTROL (Trial: all p < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity decreased during CONTROL (Time: p < 0.05) but remained constant during ALMOND. Frequency of food cravings over the last 7 days of experimentation increased during ALMOND <em>vs</em>. CONTROL (Interaction: all p < 0.05). No differences in blood lipid profile, physical activity, and assessments of mood were observed between trials (all p > 0.05). This study demonstrates that a 57 g/d serving of almonds modestly improves diet quality and waist circumference. However, almond supplementation elicited no clinically significant benefits on lipid profile, blood pressure, physical activity, and assessments of cravings and mood. Future mechanistic studies are warranted to understand the effect of almond supplementation on cardiometabolic health in various populations. <em>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier</em>: NCT04787718.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200290
Sorayya Kheirouri, Mohammad Alizadeh
Background and aims
Body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index have been known as useful measures in predicting cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive potential of BAI and conicity index for the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in comparison with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR).
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 174 adults (87 with MetS and 87 healthy individuals) were recruited from a medical weight loss center. Anthropometric parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SDP and DBP), lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured.
Results
All anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in healthy subjects. Both in MetS and healthy subjects, females had significantly higher BAI and BMI than males. In the fully adjusted model, the odds of MetS increased for each unit increase in BAI by 27 % (p = 0.001), in BMI by 33 % (p = 0.001), in WC by 13 % (p < 0.001), and in HC by 9 % (p = 0.005). ROC curve analysis showed that all the anthropometric parameters displayed clinical importance in predicting MetS, but WHR had the largest area under the curve (AUC) in total, male, and female patients. In participants with MetS, the conicity index was negatively correlated with FBS; BAI was positively associated with HDL level.
Conclusion
All studied anthropometric parameters had acceptable accuracy for predicting MetS. Traditional parameters, particularly the WHR, exhibited a higher predictive power concerning MetS. The results underscore the reliability of conventional anthropometric measures in clinical and epidemiological settings.
{"title":"Contribution of body adiposity index and conicity index in prediction of metabolic syndrome risk and components","authors":"Sorayya Kheirouri, Mohammad Alizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index have been known as useful measures in predicting cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive potential of BAI and conicity index for the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in comparison with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 174 adults (87 with MetS and 87 healthy individuals) were recruited from a medical weight loss center. Anthropometric parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SDP and DBP), lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in healthy subjects. Both in MetS and healthy subjects, females had significantly higher BAI and BMI than males. In the fully adjusted model, the odds of MetS increased for each unit increase in BAI by 27 % (p = 0.001), in BMI by 33 % (p = 0.001), in WC by 13 % (p < 0.001), and in HC by 9 % (p = 0.005). ROC curve analysis showed that all the anthropometric parameters displayed clinical importance in predicting MetS, but WHR had the largest area under the curve (AUC) in total, male, and female patients. In participants with MetS, the conicity index was negatively correlated with FBS; BAI was positively associated with HDL level.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All studied anthropometric parameters had acceptable accuracy for predicting MetS. Traditional parameters, particularly the WHR, exhibited a higher predictive power concerning MetS. The results underscore the reliability of conventional anthropometric measures in clinical and epidemiological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200287
Antoine Aoun , Cedra Ghoussoub , Marwa Sarieddine , Maria Aoun , Krystel El Helou
Background
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) continue to be among the most common illnesses and are known to be one of the main reasons of medical consultations worldwide.
COVID-19 remains a major public concern and a threat to global health. The current focus lies on the pivotal role of the human host's immunologic response in combating viral threats.
This critical review aims to examine the current evidence on the potential benefit of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections (VRIs).
Methods
The study was performed in the Google-Scholar and PubMed databases with a main emphasis on publications between January 2000 and September 2023. Consequently, a total of 202 articles were included in this literature review, distributed as follows: 62 meta-analyses and systematic reviews, 20 randomized clinical trials, 11 clinical trials, 28 observational cohorts and 81 others. Of these, 44 % were published between 2020 and 2023.
Results
The research indicates that Vitamin C may have a mitigating effect on VRIs, whereas a deficiency in Vitamin D might heighten susceptibility to COVID-19. Understanding the roles of Vitamins A, B, and E is hampered by limited data availability. Zinc supplementation and probiotics emerge as potential preventive measures for both COVID-19 and VRIs, with selenium and magnesium demonstrating promising results in treating VRIs. The recommendation for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for COVID-19 treatment awaits further evidence.
Conclusion
Currently, there is insufficient clinical evidence to definitively establish the efficacy of vitamin, mineral, probiotic and/or omega-3 supplementation for combating COVID-19 and VRIs.
{"title":"Effectiveness of nutritional supplements (vitamins, minerals, omega-3, and probiotics) in preventing and treating COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections","authors":"Antoine Aoun , Cedra Ghoussoub , Marwa Sarieddine , Maria Aoun , Krystel El Helou","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) continue to be among the most common illnesses and are known to be one of the main reasons of medical consultations worldwide.</p><p>COVID-19 remains a major public concern and a threat to global health. The current focus lies on the pivotal role of the human host's immunologic response in combating viral threats.</p><p>This critical review aims to examine the current evidence on the potential benefit of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections (VRIs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was performed in the Google-Scholar and PubMed databases with a main emphasis on publications between January 2000 and September 2023. Consequently, a total of 202 articles were included in this literature review, distributed as follows: 62 meta-analyses and systematic reviews, 20 randomized clinical trials, 11 clinical trials, 28 observational cohorts and 81 others. Of these, 44 % were published between 2020 and 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The research indicates that Vitamin C may have a mitigating effect on VRIs, whereas a deficiency in Vitamin D might heighten susceptibility to COVID-19. Understanding the roles of Vitamins A, B, and E is hampered by limited data availability. Zinc supplementation and probiotics emerge as potential preventive measures for both COVID-19 and VRIs, with selenium and magnesium demonstrating promising results in treating VRIs. The recommendation for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for COVID-19 treatment awaits further evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Currently, there is insufficient clinical evidence to definitively establish the efficacy of vitamin, mineral, probiotic and/or omega-3 supplementation for combating COVID-19 and VRIs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000495/pdfft?md5=901a1d23cfa78e6869fb7e4daba10e67&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200289
Urmila Roy , Arafat Hassan Razon , Tanvir Ahmad , Tabassum Sultana Barsha
Background
Hypertension (HTN) has emerged as a significant public health challenge and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among residents of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage random sampling technique to select 305 individuals from Khilkhet Thana in Dhaka North City Corporation. Data were collected through direct surveys using a modified version of the WHO STEPS questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.
Findings
The study identified a 34.4 % prevalence of HTN among the participants, with 46.2 % of hypertensive individuals being under 40 years of age. Of the 105 hypertensive individuals, 65 % were newly diagnosed during the study, and 11 previously diagnosed individuals were not on any medication. A significant association (P < 0.001) was observed between the prevalence of HTN and inadequate intake of fruits (OR = 3.129, 95 % CI = 1.912–5.122, χ2 = 21.328), insufficient vegetables consumption (OR = 2.199, 95 % CI = 1.356–3.565, χ2 = 10.373), high intake of fatty foods (OR = 2.387, 95 % CI = 1.465–3.890, χ2 = 12.454), and excessive salt consumption (OR = 2.771, 95 % CI = 1.677–4.579, χ2 = 16.310). Additionally, the prevalence of HTN was notably higher among overweight (46.70 %) and at-risk (22.90 %) individuals, based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), respectively. The study also found significant correlations (P < 0.001) between HTN and factors such as smoking (OR = 2.824, 95 % CI = 1.601–4.980, χ2 = 13.432), kidney disease (OR = 7.534, 95 % CI = 2.694–21.070, χ2 = 19.282), general stress (OR = 3.692, 95 % CI = 2.179–6.255, χ2 = 24.896), COVID-19 related stress (OR = 3.511, 95 % CI = 2.116–5.826, χ2 = 24.712) and sleeping pattern (OR = 5.798, 95 % CI = 3.404–9.875, χ2 = 45.724).
Conclusions
The high prevalence of HTN, particularly among younger individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the urgent need for nationwide surveys, surveillance, and clinical research to accurately depict the true burden of HTN in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors during COVID-19 pandemic in the capital of Bangladesh","authors":"Urmila Roy , Arafat Hassan Razon , Tanvir Ahmad , Tabassum Sultana Barsha","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hypertension (HTN) has emerged as a significant public health challenge and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like Bangladesh.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among residents of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage random sampling technique to select 305 individuals from Khilkhet Thana in Dhaka North City Corporation. Data were collected through direct surveys using a modified version of the WHO STEPS questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The study identified a 34.4 % prevalence of HTN among the participants, with 46.2 % of hypertensive individuals being under 40 years of age. Of the 105 hypertensive individuals, 65 % were newly diagnosed during the study, and 11 previously diagnosed individuals were not on any medication. A significant association (P < 0.001) was observed between the prevalence of HTN and inadequate intake of fruits (OR = 3.129, 95 % CI = 1.912–5.122, χ2 = 21.328), insufficient vegetables consumption (OR = 2.199, 95 % CI = 1.356–3.565, χ2 = 10.373), high intake of fatty foods (OR = 2.387, 95 % CI = 1.465–3.890, χ2 = 12.454), and excessive salt consumption (OR = 2.771, 95 % CI = 1.677–4.579, χ2 = 16.310). Additionally, the prevalence of HTN was notably higher among overweight (46.70 %) and at-risk (22.90 %) individuals, based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), respectively. The study also found significant correlations (P < 0.001) between HTN and factors such as smoking (OR = 2.824, 95 % CI = 1.601–4.980, χ2 = 13.432), kidney disease (OR = 7.534, 95 % CI = 2.694–21.070, χ2 = 19.282), general stress (OR = 3.692, 95 % CI = 2.179–6.255, χ2 = 24.896), COVID-19 related stress (OR = 3.511, 95 % CI = 2.116–5.826, χ2 = 24.712) and sleeping pattern (OR = 5.798, 95 % CI = 3.404–9.875, χ2 = 45.724).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The high prevalence of HTN, particularly among younger individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the urgent need for nationwide surveys, surveillance, and clinical research to accurately depict the true burden of HTN in Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000513/pdfft?md5=d100b1d1a23aeda61474807f51e45c21&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000513-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a key role in health by influencing several physiological functions, including the digestive process, the immune system, vitamin production, and mental health. Dysbiosis in gut microbial composition and function has been linked to systemic inflammatory response and the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). "Leaky gut" resulting from dysbiosis causes endotoxemia, leading to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are pathogenetic agents of type 2 and gestational DM. Moreover, in children, gut dysbiosis has been associated with the immunitary dysregulation with increased risk of autoimmunity and development of type 1 DM. However, dietary changes in the GM and their role in DM are poorly understood. Plant-based diets that are low in fat and high in fiber have been associated with beneficial effects on the GM. Clinical trials of prebiotics and probiotics have shown promising, albeit mixed, results. This narrative review summarizes recent findings on the relationship between the GM, diet, and DM, focusing on the systems in which the microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and its potential use as a therapy. In addition, we discuss immune dysfunction associated with gut dysbiosis and its role in type 1, type 2, and gestational DM. Further research is needed to evaluate the GM as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of DM.
{"title":"Diet and gut microbiome: Impact of each factor and mutual interactions on prevention and treatment of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"Davide Menafra , Mattia Proganò , Nicola Tecce , Rosario Pivonello , Annamaria Colao","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gut microbiota (GM) plays a key role in health by influencing several physiological functions, including the digestive process, the immune system, vitamin production, and mental health. Dysbiosis in gut microbial composition and function has been linked to systemic inflammatory response and the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). \"Leaky gut\" resulting from dysbiosis causes endotoxemia, leading to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are pathogenetic agents of type 2 and gestational DM. Moreover, in children, gut dysbiosis has been associated with the immunitary dysregulation with increased risk of autoimmunity and development of type 1 DM. However, dietary changes in the GM and their role in DM are poorly understood. Plant-based diets that are low in fat and high in fiber have been associated with beneficial effects on the GM. Clinical trials of prebiotics and probiotics have shown promising, albeit mixed, results. This narrative review summarizes recent findings on the relationship between the GM, diet, and DM, focusing on the systems in which the microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and its potential use as a therapy. In addition, we discuss immune dysfunction associated with gut dysbiosis and its role in type 1, type 2, and gestational DM. Further research is needed to evaluate the GM as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000483/pdfft?md5=24b44daac5d8191a79a827017767754f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) in Nepal. Nutrition plays a significant role in creating barriers to the development of NCDs like diabetes. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the dietary behaviors and practices among T2DM patients.
Methods
The study used quantitative method and a cross-sectional research design. The study was carried out in two centers: one in diabetes and another in thyroid care centers at the Lalitpur district, Nepal. A survey questionnaire based on Pender Health Promotion Model (PHPM) was developed, piloted, and administrated directly to 450 T2DM patients aged 40–65. Validity and reliability of the tools was ensured through reviewing panel of experts and using the coefficient and Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. Three sorts of statistical analysis; univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS version 25.
Results
Respondents belonged to a joint family, no alcohol consumption, positive attitude towards a healthy diet (P < 0.05), no smoking habit, reminders for healthy food, and engaging in physical activity (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with good dietary practice. Higher odds of sufficient dietary practice were found in respondents who were from joint families (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR = 2.332; 95 % Confidence Level (CI): 1.958–2.989, p < 0.01), literate (aOR = 1.783; 95 % CI: 1.256–2.531, p < 0.01), no smoking history (aOR = 0.935; 95 % CI: 0.609–1.434, p < 0.05), alcohol consumption history (aOR = 0.615, 95 % CI: 0.412–2.346, p < 0.05), had family support (aOR = 1.824, 95 % CI: 1.265–2.630, p < 0.01), availability of healthy foods (aOR = 2.26; 95 % CI: 1.453–3.517, p < 0.001), and those who preferred daily physical activities (aOR = 1.982, 95 % CI: 1.369–2.364, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Nuclear family, illiteracy, lower income, smoking and consumption of alcohol, poor family support, poor access in healthy food, and low engagement in physical activities influenced dietary behavior among T2DM patients. Thus, PHPM based educational intervention needs essential to the T2DM patients and family members to ensure better life.
{"title":"Dietary practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients concerning Pender's health Promotion Model in Lalitpur district, Nepal","authors":"Anish Sharma Upreti , Bhagwan Aryal , Jyoti Kuikel , Mohan Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) in Nepal. Nutrition plays a significant role in creating barriers to the development of NCDs like diabetes. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the dietary behaviors and practices among T2DM patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study used quantitative method and a cross-sectional research design. The study was carried out in two centers: one in diabetes and another in thyroid care centers at the Lalitpur district, Nepal. A survey questionnaire based on Pender Health Promotion Model (PHPM) was developed, piloted, and administrated directly to 450 T2DM patients aged 40–65. Validity and reliability of the tools was ensured through reviewing panel of experts and using the coefficient and Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. Three sorts of statistical analysis; univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS version 25.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Respondents belonged to a joint family, no alcohol consumption, positive attitude towards a healthy diet (<em>P < 0.05),</em> no smoking habit, reminders for healthy food, and engaging in physical activity (<em>P < 0.001)</em> were significantly associated with good dietary practice. Higher odds of sufficient dietary practice were found in respondents who were from joint families (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR = 2.332; 95 % Confidence Level (CI): 1.958–2.989, p < 0.01), literate (aOR = 1.783; 95 % CI: 1.256–2.531, p < 0.01), no smoking history (aOR = 0.935; 95 % CI: 0.609–1.434, p < 0.05), alcohol consumption history (aOR = 0.615, 95 % CI: 0.412–2.346, p < 0.05), had family support (aOR = 1.824, 95 % CI: 1.265–2.630, p < 0.01), availability of healthy foods (aOR = 2.26; 95 % CI: 1.453–3.517, p < 0.001), and those who preferred daily physical activities (aOR = 1.982, 95 % CI: 1.369–2.364, p < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Nuclear family, illiteracy, lower income, smoking and consumption of alcohol, poor family support, poor access in healthy food, and low engagement in physical activities influenced dietary behavior among T2DM patients. Thus, PHPM based educational intervention needs essential to the T2DM patients and family members to ensure better life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000501/pdfft?md5=bbdd1c5e890a5aba7280863934d92e02&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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