Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

Objective

This study aimed to assess the data of a healthy population at the Korean national level to explore the prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use changes and the contribution of DSs to micronutrient intake during the pandemic.

Research methods and procedures

Data from the first (2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic) and second (2020, the year that the acute pandemic caused substantial life changes) years of the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were investigated using a weighted complex sample design. Conversions (supplementation/dietary intake (S/D ratio), supplementation to total intake (StT), and supplementation to reference (StR)) were presented to investigate DS dependency and demonstrate that individuals’ nutrient intake derived from DSs increased.

Results

The total adult population was 4871 and 4421 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Among healthy adults, 64.2% took DSs in 2020, 7.2% higher than that in 2019 (P < 0.001). Among those aged 30–49 years, 70.2% used DSs in 2020, a 9.1% increase from 2019 (P = 0.015). The S/D ratio of vitamin C intake was 6.45 ± 0.95 in 2020, which was greater than that in 2019 (3.82 ± 0.47, P = 0.038). The StT of Ca intake was 7.79 ± 0.98% in 2020, which was greater than that in 2019 (4.89 ± 0.60%, P = 0.020). The StR of vitamin B₁ intake was greater in 2020 (505.01 ± 36.95%) than in 2019 (368.82 ± 29.55%, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

DS dependency greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and was accompanied by increased DS consumption and decreased Ca, vitamin B₁, and vitamin C intake in the healthy Korean population.

Background

Iron/foliate affects the lives of more than two billion people, accounting for over 30% of global population which is the highest in developing countries and about 18% of maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Iron/foliate supplementation for pregnant mothers is the most cost-effective method of reducing iron deficiency, low birth weight, and neural tube defects among pregnant mothers and newborns in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia, so the purpose of this study has been to assess the iron/foliate utilization status of pregnant mothers and associated factors among pregnant mothers.

Method

The study have used institution-based cross-sectional design with systematic random sampling, binary and multiple logistic regression to identify significantly associated variables, and a single population proportion formula to determine the sample size.

Result

From the total of 318 participants only 32.1% of them utilized iron/foliate adequately. Marital status (AOR; 0.03 95%, CL (0.01–0.86), occupation (AOR; 11.12 95%, CL (1.95–69.05), gestation age when ANC visit started (AOR; 0.23 95%, CL (0.07–0.83), health education(AOR; 36.51 95%, CL (10.14–131.46), waiting time(AOR; 0.07 95%, CL (0.02–0.27) and knowledge (AOR; 0.17 95%, CL (0.05–0.57) were significantly associated variables with the outcome variable.

Conclusion

According to this study, 32.1 % utilized iron/foliate adequately, whereas the remaining 67.9 % did not yet. Moreover, this study identified major associated variables with iron/foliate utilization status, including marital status, occupation, gestation age when ANC visit started, health education, average wait time, and knowledge of mothers on anemia/iron.

Epilepsy is a medical condition characterized by seizures. While antiepileptic drugs can effectively control seizures in most epilepsy patients, there exists a subtype known as resistant epilepsy in which drugs prove ineffective in managing seizure activity. Furthermore, some patients experience undesirable side effects from these medications, leading to the discontinuation of antiepileptic drug use. In such situations and others like them, the ketogenic diet is recommended as an alternative treatment approach, one that does not rely on pharmacological interventions The fundamental rationale supporting the potential efficacy of the ketogenic diet in epilepsy treatment lies in the fact that, in certain circumstances such as fasting, ketone bodies are utilized as the primary energy source for neurons, as opposed to glucose. To facilitate the generation of ketone bodies while ensuring ease and flexibility of implementation, various types of ketogenic diets have been developed. The choice of ketogenic diet approach in the treatment of epilepsy can be tailored based on the individual tolerability of patients. This meta-analysis aims to consolidate the evidence regarding the impact of ketogenic diets on patients with epilepsy in clinical practice.

Background

Cardiovascular diseases, including heart cachexia, are considered as one of the most critical issues in health care that could be affected by several factors, such as myostatin whose critical role has been confirmed in the progress of heart cachexia and cardiac muscle dysfunction. This study was conducted to clarify the precise role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3PUFA) on lipid profile, blood glucose, body composition, and serum level of myostatin in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods

Forty-two adult males (aged 45–65 years) with CAD had been confirmed by angiography were randomly divided into two groups, group 1 received omega-3 (1200mg daily) and group 2 received placebo (paraffin) for 8 weeks. The serum level of myostatin was measured using an ELISA kit in the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Moreover, body composition and anthropometric measurements of the patients were also evaluated.

Result

A significant difference was observed in the myostatin level after 8weeks of intervention with omega3 supplement between omega3 and placebo group (p = 0.02).There was a significant difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) concentration (p = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01) between intervention group and control group at the end of the intervention. However, no statistically significant changes were seen in the body composition, anthropometric parameters, fasting insulin level, and fasting blood sugar within and between the groups.

Conclusion

Omega-3 oral supplementation may improve the status of CAD patients by decreasing the level of myostatin, LDL-C and hs-CRP.

Breakfast cereals (BFCs) are a popular choice for breakfast and the BFC market is growing at an annual rate of 4.1 % and stands as a 70 billion dollar enterprise today. However, there are a number of questions raised about the medicinal properties of BFCs as they are processed foods lot of added refined sugars and reduced fibres especially when made from processed grains. Therefore, improving the medicinal values of BFCs will include minimizing the refined sugar content, increasing the fibre content and fortifying with natural bioactive compounds which possess medicinal properties. Citrus peels are rich in fibre and bioactive compounds, even though they are considered a waste in many countries. Incorporating citrus peels into BFCs without adversely affecting the sensory properties will enhance the medicinal properties of BFCs as the peels have a number of already established medicinal properties. Citrus peel-enriched BFCs could be a tool in Functional Nutrition as they will not only supply needed nutrients to start the day, but they will also be able to prevent and manage degenerative conditions through their ability to modulate other factors connected with diseases such as inflammation regulation, mood disorders and weight control.

Background

Nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been suggested to have beneficial effects on weight status and general health. The scarcity of assessment of these effects on large samples of university students is, however, observed.

Objective

To investigate the association of nutrition knowledge and adherence to the MedDiet with body mass index (BMI) and self-rated general health among university students.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study among 1776 university students aged 21.34 ± 2.47 years. Nutrition knowledge and MedDiet adherence scores were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and general health were self-reported.

Results

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.1% and 4.0%, respectively. Approximately 52% of students self-rated their general health as fair or poor. MedDiet adherence score was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge scores (P < 0.001) and inversely associated with BMI (P < 0.001). Non-overweight students had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores and MedDiet adherence scores compared to overweight/obese peers. Similarly, non-smoking students had higher nutrition knowledge scores than their smoking counterparts (P = 0.017). Participants who self-rated their general health as fair or poor showed significantly lower nutrition knowledge and MedDiet adherence scores than other groups. Health science students had significantly lower consumption of fish, legumes, olive oil, unrefined whole grains, fruits, and vegetables compared to other students.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of nutrition knowledge and adherence to the MedDiet were associated with lower BMI and better self-rated general health. Urgent interventions are needed to promote nutrition knowledge and healthy eating behavior among university students.

There is some evidence that citrulline malate (CM) limits the deleterious effect of oxidative stress in athletes, but its effect on team sports like soccer is not clear. Thus, the current research is designed to investigate the effect of short-term CM supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle damage markers in trained soccer players. In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, 28 healthy, highly-trained male soccer players were selected and randomly assigned into 2 groups to take 6 g/day CM or placebo for 7 days. Blood samples were then taken in a resting-state at baseline and 24 h after the 7-day supplement intervention; and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and uric acid levels were measured. Compared to the baseline, CM significantly decreased serum uric acid levels (P = 0.03) and significantly increased serum LDH concentrations (P = 0.002). However, there were no significant changes in serum levels of MDA, CAT, GSH, TAC, SOD, LDH CK, and uric acid compared to the placebo group (P > 0.05). It appears that short-term CM supplementation does not improve oxidative stress and muscle damage in soccer players. Further investigations should be conducted to fully understand the effects of CM on soccer players.

In the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of individuals worldwide who are affected by diabetes. This review article aims to explore the correlation between specific vitamins and diabetes. It has been observed that individuals with diabetes tend to have lower levels of certain antioxidant vitamins, namely A, C, and E. This decrease in vitamin levels is believed to be a consequence of the need to manage oxidative stress caused by issues with glucose metabolism. Additionally, retinol-binding protein plays a role in regulation and adipocytokine function. Diabetics also exhibit reduced levels of thiamine, pyridoxine, and biotin. Research has indicated that diabetes can hinder the absorption of various nutrients, including vitamins B9 and B12, necessitating frequent replenishment of these vitamins. Insufficient levels of vitamin D have been linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes and related complications such as cardiovascular disease. While some studies suggest that vitamin K supplementation may improve glucose metabolism, it remains uncertain whether it can prevent or repair oxidative damage. Excessive vitamin supplementation has been shown to have negative effects, as demonstrated by numerous studies. The review that follows will analyze the association between several nutrients, specifically vitamins A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, Zn, B12, E, B1/K, and iron, and the pathways implicated in diabetes, as well as their potential regulatory effects.

Purpose

The right way to measure obesity is still a matter of debate. This study will look at the prevalence of obesity, anthropometrics, and body composition as screening tools for obesity and adiposity among adult women in urban Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India. It will also try to figure out exactly what level of obesity is linked to a metabolic risk.

Methods

A Cross-sectional study comprising 570 urban women of Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India aged 20–49 years were examined for anthropometry, body composition analysis, blood pressure, random blood sugar, and haemoglobin.

Results

Except for total body water (TBW), all measures of obesity and health markers increased with age (p < 0.000, 95% CI-confidence interval). Appropriate cutoffs calculated with model for adult women for body fat (%), muscle mass (kg), total body water (%), and visceral fat (kg) were 33.5, 34.5, 46.5, and 4.5 respectively. Using stepwise logistic regression, two models eliminating waist circumference (WC) and wait to hip ratio (WHR), respectively, were created. Age, WHR, and visceral fat (VF) for systolic blood pressure; age and TBW for diastolic blood pressure; age and VF for random blood sugar; WHR, body fat% (BF %), Muscle mass (MM), and age for haemoglobin, were all significantly associated with the presence of metabolic risk variables in Model 1. In model 2, only age was significant for predicting systolic blood pressure; age, TBW, and WC for diastolic blood pressure; age and VF for random blood sugar; BF%, WC, and age for haemoglobin were shown to be significantly associated with metabolic risk variables.

Conclusions

Two basic models for predicting metabolic risk in Asian Indians were studied. Both models can be used to assess metabolic risk in them.

Background

Egg is a cheap source of essential micronutrients and high-quality protein, which can contribute to the daily nutritional needs of children, support their growth and brain development. Aim: The study evaluated the effectiveness of egg supplementation on nutritional status, physical fitness, and cognition of school-aged Children (8–12 Years) in Ho Municipality, Ghana.

Methods

A school-based, double-blind randomized controlled trial design was adopted. Children aged 8 to 12 years from government-run primary schools were randomly allocated to receive either egg supplementation three times a week for three months or no supplementation at all for three months. Dietary intakes using a repeated 24-h dietary recall, Raven's cognition test, fitness level, BMI-for-age, and serum levels of ferritin, zinc, and albumin were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.

Results

At pre-intervention, mean intake of several nutrients, including energy, CHO, protein, fat, iron zinc and folate were significantly higher in the intervention group. Post-intervention, these differences significantly increased for protein, fat, and iron, and reduced for energy, carbohydrate, folate, vitamin B6 and 12. Children on egg supplementation had a much higher increase in vitamin A intake (142.0 μg) than the controls (49.8 μg) between pre-and post-intervention. Regarding the physical fitness markers, pre-intervention mean handgrip, forward jump and total fitness scores were all higher in the intervention group and similar for the 50-m run. Post-intervention, the difference was lost while the total fitness score increased rather among controls (p < 0.001). For the biochemical markers, both serum ferritin (mean difference in control = 18.2 μg/L versus intervention= 20.1 μg/L) and zinc (mean difference in control 14.4 μg/L versus intervention 69.4 μg/L) increased more in the intervention than the controls. BMI-for-age z-score did not change between the intervention and control (p = 0.894) post-intervention, while the total cognition score improves slightly more in controls (4.8 points, p < 0.001) than in the intervention group (3.3 points, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results indicate that school children who consumed boiled eggs three times per week for three months had a higher mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamins A and B6. The mean serum ferritin and albumin levels improved significantly higher in the experimental group. Egg supplementation did not significantly improve physical fitness and cognitive test scores of school-aged children. From this study, egg supplementation may improve some nutrients among school children but effects on congintion and physical fitness may require further study.