This study aimed to determine the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese men by assessing adiponectin levels, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using the Thai cardiovascular risk score (TCVRS), and evaluated whether CAVI and adiponectin could serve as predictors for CVD. Among 82 middle-aged obese men, 70.7 % had MetS, 56.1 % had hypoadiponectinemia, 20.7 % were classified as having a high CAVI (>8), and 15.9 % were considered at high cardiovascular risk (TCVRS ≥20 %). Participants in the MetS group had a higher CVD risk, as evidenced by significantly higher TCVRS and lower adiponectin compared to the non-MetS group, though CAVI did not differ significantly. Among the components of MetS, high triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol levels affected adiponectin levels, while high fasting plasma glucose levels impacted CAVI values, which was supported by Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, CAVI positively correlated with TCVRS and was identified as an independent predictor of CVD risk in both the total and MetS groups. Conversely, adiponectin exhibited an inverse correlation and was an independent predictor in the non-MetS group. Importantly, subgroup analysis indicated that participants with higher CAVI had a greater CVD risk compared to those with normal CAVI levels. Notably, participants with high CAVI who did not have hypoadiponectinemia exhibited the highest TCVRS, with over half classified as being at high cardiovascular risk.
{"title":"Impact of metabolic syndrome on adiponectin, cardio-ankle vascular index, and cardiovascular risk in middle-aged obese men: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Thanutchaporn Nutmakul , Lita Thamrongloessakun , Jintana Sirivarasai , Sirasa Ruangritchankul , Wutarak Monsuwan","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese men by assessing adiponectin levels, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using the Thai cardiovascular risk score (TCVRS), and evaluated whether CAVI and adiponectin could serve as predictors for CVD. Among 82 middle-aged obese men, 70.7 % had MetS, 56.1 % had hypoadiponectinemia, 20.7 % were classified as having a high CAVI (>8), and 15.9 % were considered at high cardiovascular risk (TCVRS ≥20 %). Participants in the MetS group had a higher CVD risk, as evidenced by significantly higher TCVRS and lower adiponectin compared to the non-MetS group, though CAVI did not differ significantly. Among the components of MetS, high triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol levels affected adiponectin levels, while high fasting plasma glucose levels impacted CAVI values, which was supported by Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, CAVI positively correlated with TCVRS and was identified as an independent predictor of CVD risk in both the total and MetS groups. Conversely, adiponectin exhibited an inverse correlation and was an independent predictor in the non-MetS group. Importantly, subgroup analysis indicated that participants with higher CAVI had a greater CVD risk compared to those with normal CAVI levels. Notably, participants with high CAVI who did not have hypoadiponectinemia exhibited the highest TCVRS, with over half classified as being at high cardiovascular risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health concern and economic burden worldwide. Approximately one-third of the total population is affected by NAFLD. The more aggressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could progress to liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even death. NAFLD is multifactorial in origin and the gut microbiota dysregulation is one of the key features of NAFLD. Dietary alterations or nutritional interventions have a huge impact on gut microbiota composition and functions. An association between the type of diet, altered gut microbiota, and NAFLD is now being appreciated. The gut dysbiosis characterized by the changes in gut microbiota composition and its metabolites contribute to the development and progression of NAFLD through multiple mechanisms. The gut dysbiosis affects the intestinal permeability by generating endogenous ethanol, increased level of toxins such as lipopolysaccharides, and also influences the amino acid metabolism particularly tryptophan which activates the pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting hepatic inflammation. Altered microbial composition also disturbs the bile acids homeostasis which affects the energy balance and lipid metabolism through signaling via bile acid receptors. Therefore gut microbiota profiling in NAFLD patients may provide valuable information in predicting disease severity. Also, finding the key metabolites and markers of gut dysbiosis and their role in the pathogenesis of liver disease might prove helpful in designing novel and effective therapies for NAFLD. The present review succinctly summarizes gut dysbiosis triggered by various dietary factors especially macronutrients including proteins, fats and carbohydrates leading to the development and progression of NAFLD. We also address the gaps in the present studies as well as future prospects of manipulating gut microbiota for improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications in NAFLD.
{"title":"Deciphering the role of dietary modifications and gut dysbiosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Meenakshi Vachher , Kohinoor Kaur , Manisha Marothia , Archana Burman , Deepanjana , Savita Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health concern and economic burden worldwide. Approximately one-third of the total population is affected by NAFLD. The more aggressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could progress to liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even death. NAFLD is multifactorial in origin and the gut microbiota dysregulation is one of the key features of NAFLD. Dietary alterations or nutritional interventions have a huge impact on gut microbiota composition and functions. An association between the type of diet, altered gut microbiota, and NAFLD is now being appreciated. The gut dysbiosis characterized by the changes in gut microbiota composition and its metabolites contribute to the development and progression of NAFLD through multiple mechanisms. The gut dysbiosis affects the intestinal permeability by generating endogenous ethanol, increased level of toxins such as lipopolysaccharides, and also influences the amino acid metabolism particularly tryptophan which activates the pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting hepatic inflammation. Altered microbial composition also disturbs the bile acids homeostasis which affects the energy balance and lipid metabolism through signaling via bile acid receptors. Therefore gut microbiota profiling in NAFLD patients may provide valuable information in predicting disease severity. Also, finding the key metabolites and markers of gut dysbiosis and their role in the pathogenesis of liver disease might prove helpful in designing novel and effective therapies for NAFLD. The present review succinctly summarizes gut dysbiosis triggered by various dietary factors especially macronutrients including proteins, fats and carbohydrates leading to the development and progression of NAFLD. We also address the gaps in the present studies as well as future prospects of manipulating gut microbiota for improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications in NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200306
Valeria Dipasquale, Rossella Morello, Claudio Romano
The aim of this case series was to evaluate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of an enteral formula containing food-derived ingredients for pediatric patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Children (1–17 years) with (i) a formally diagnosed NMD and (ii) exclusive enteral nutrition were enrolled. Patients received a nutritionally complete 1.2 kcal/mL enteral formula containing food-derived ingredients (peas, green beans, peaches, carrots, and chicken). Weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) standard deviation (SD), and symptoms were assessed at the baseline (formula start; visit 1) and at 6 months (visit 2). Five NMD children with spinal muscular atrophy were included. Weight and BMI increased significantly after a mean of 2.5 months: weight −3.5 (V1) vs. −2.5 Z-score (V2) (p = 0.004) and BMI -3.8 (V1) vs. - 3 Z-score (V2) (p = 0.03). MUAC SD increased over the study period as well, even though the increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.231). All patients well tolerated the formula, and a relief from gastrointestinal symptoms was reported. The enteral formula containing food-derived ingredients may be a valid option in tube feeding management for children with NMDs. A small sample size and retrospective design limit the generalizability of findings. Further data (e.g., larger sample size, longer follow-up period, or different NMD subtypes) are needed.
{"title":"Formula with real food ingredients for tube feeding in children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs): A case series","authors":"Valeria Dipasquale, Rossella Morello, Claudio Romano","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this case series was to evaluate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of an enteral formula containing food-derived ingredients for pediatric patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Children (1–17 years) with (i) a formally diagnosed NMD and (ii) exclusive enteral nutrition were enrolled. Patients received a nutritionally complete 1.2 kcal/mL enteral formula containing food-derived ingredients (peas, green beans, peaches, carrots, and chicken). Weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) standard deviation (SD), and symptoms were assessed at the baseline (formula start; visit 1) and at 6 months (visit 2). Five NMD children with spinal muscular atrophy were included. Weight and BMI increased significantly after a mean of 2.5 months: weight −3.5 (V1) vs. −2.5 Z-score (V2) (p = 0.004) and BMI -3.8 (V1) vs. - 3 Z-score (V2) (p = 0.03). MUAC SD increased over the study period as well, even though the increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.231). All patients well tolerated the formula, and a relief from gastrointestinal symptoms was reported. The enteral formula containing food-derived ingredients may be a valid option in tube feeding management for children with NMDs. A small sample size and retrospective design limit the generalizability of findings. Further data (e.g., larger sample size, longer follow-up period, or different NMD subtypes) are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200307
Mohamed Arab Abdilahi , Shamsedin Mahdi Hassan , Mohamed Omar Osman , Muhumed Haji Abdi
Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, with inconsistent and inconclusive treatment outcomes, particularly in the study area.
Objective
Therefore, this study aims to assess the predictors of outcome treatment among SAM under-five children admitted to stabilization centers in public health facilities in Jigjiga Town, Somali Region, Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study at Jigjiga Referral Hospital with 418 participants used checklist data entered EPI Data 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS 23, employing Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression to assess variables' association with recovery rate, including significant predictors (p < 0.05) identified through bivariate and multivariate Cox models, and hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI.
Results
The recovery rate was 62.2 % with a median nutritional recovery time of 13 days. Vitamin A supplementation 1.4(AHR = 1.405 95 % CI: 1.058, 1.865), received plump nut 1.8 (AHR = 1.8, 95 % 1.250, 2.585) pneumonia 0.684 (AHR = 0.684, 95 % CI: 0.508, 0.921), history of diarrhea 0.614(AHR = 0.614, 95 % CI: 0.435, 0.866), correctly filled multi-chart 1.37 1.379 (AHR = 1.379, 95 % CI: 1.060, 1.795) were significantly associated the recovery rate.
Conclusion
The study found that the recovery rate remains low compared to the WHO Sphere standard benchmark and similar studies conducted in Ethiopia. To improve the recovery rate, interventions should prioritize ensuring accurate and complete chart documentation by healthcare providers and incorporating nutritional supplements such as Vitamin A.
{"title":"Predictors of treatment outcome among severe acute malnutrition children admitted inpatient therapeutic feeding center in public health facilities of Jigjiga Town, Somali Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Mohamed Arab Abdilahi , Shamsedin Mahdi Hassan , Mohamed Omar Osman , Muhumed Haji Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, with inconsistent and inconclusive treatment outcomes, particularly in the study area.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Therefore, this study aims to assess the predictors of outcome treatment among SAM under-five children admitted to stabilization centers in public health facilities in Jigjiga Town, Somali Region, Ethiopia, 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study at Jigjiga Referral Hospital with 418 participants used checklist data entered EPI Data 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS 23, employing Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression to assess variables' association with recovery rate, including significant predictors (p < 0.05) identified through bivariate and multivariate Cox models, and hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The recovery rate was 62.2 % with a median nutritional recovery time of 13 days. Vitamin A supplementation 1.4(AHR = 1.405 95 % CI: 1.058, 1.865), received plump nut 1.8 (AHR = 1.8, 95 % 1.250, 2.585) pneumonia 0.684 (AHR = 0.684, 95 % CI: 0.508, 0.921), history of diarrhea 0.614(AHR = 0.614, 95 % CI: 0.435, 0.866), correctly filled multi-chart 1.37 1.379 (AHR = 1.379, 95 % CI: 1.060, 1.795) were significantly associated the recovery rate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found that the recovery rate remains low compared to the WHO Sphere standard benchmark and similar studies conducted in Ethiopia. To improve the recovery rate, interventions should prioritize ensuring accurate and complete chart documentation by healthcare providers and incorporating nutritional supplements such as Vitamin A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a family of enzymes within the hemoglobin superfamily that play a crucial role in drug metabolism. CYP activity and expression exhibit considerable individual variability. In addition to genetic factors, extrinsic influences, such as food, can affect their activity and/or expression, thereby impacting the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. As food variety and diversity in dietary patterns increase, food has become an increasingly significant factor in drug metabolism. This review, summarizes the effects of various foods on the activity and expression of major CYP subtypes involved in drug metabolism, offering new insights into food-drug interactions and providing references for the safe clinical use of edible and medicinal plants.
{"title":"Effect of food components on cytochrome P450 expression and activity","authors":"Ruoyao Sang, Wenzhao Jiang, Cai Zhang, Runting Yin, Zhen Ouyang, Yuan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a family of enzymes within the hemoglobin superfamily that play a crucial role in drug metabolism. CYP activity and expression exhibit considerable individual variability. In addition to genetic factors, extrinsic influences, such as food, can affect their activity and/or expression, thereby impacting the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. As food variety and diversity in dietary patterns increase, food has become an increasingly significant factor in drug metabolism. This review, summarizes the effects of various foods on the activity and expression of major CYP subtypes involved in drug metabolism, offering new insights into food-drug interactions and providing references for the safe clinical use of edible and medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200302
Faisal Alsenani , Nasser Alotaiq , Doni Dermawan , Nasr Eldin Elwali , Mohammed Z. Nasrullah , Rashed H. Almalki , Nahar T. Alfarsi , Alwaleed S. Almatrafi , Muhannad S. Alsulami
This study investigates the consumption patterns, health perceptions, and demographic correlates of green tea and matcha consumption in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their implications for cardiovascular health, obesity, and diabetes management. A survey was conducted among participants, focusing on demographics, consumption patterns, health perceptions, and lifestyle habits. Statistical analysis, including regression modeling, was employed to explore the relationships between perception, health outcomes, frequency, and duration of consumption. Participants perceived green tea and matcha as beneficial for weight management, cardiovascular health, and, to a lesser extent, diabetes control. While these perceptions align with existing literature on the health benefits of polyphenols and caffeine found in green tea and matcha, there were notable disparities in consumption patterns, with many participants reporting infrequent consumption. This discrepancy between public perception and scientific evidence underscores the need for balanced health communication strategies. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of considering individual variations in response to these beverages, as evidenced by reported side effects like irregular heartbeats. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the role of green tea and matcha in promoting cardiovascular health, managing obesity, and potentially mitigating diabetes risk factors in the Saudi Arabian context.
{"title":"Understanding the role of green tea and matcha consumption in cardiovascular health, obesity, and diabetes: Insights from a Saudi Arabian population","authors":"Faisal Alsenani , Nasser Alotaiq , Doni Dermawan , Nasr Eldin Elwali , Mohammed Z. Nasrullah , Rashed H. Almalki , Nahar T. Alfarsi , Alwaleed S. Almatrafi , Muhannad S. Alsulami","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the consumption patterns, health perceptions, and demographic correlates of green tea and matcha consumption in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their implications for cardiovascular health, obesity, and diabetes management. A survey was conducted among participants, focusing on demographics, consumption patterns, health perceptions, and lifestyle habits. Statistical analysis, including regression modeling, was employed to explore the relationships between perception, health outcomes, frequency, and duration of consumption. Participants perceived green tea and matcha as beneficial for weight management, cardiovascular health, and, to a lesser extent, diabetes control. While these perceptions align with existing literature on the health benefits of polyphenols and caffeine found in green tea and matcha, there were notable disparities in consumption patterns, with many participants reporting infrequent consumption. This discrepancy between public perception and scientific evidence underscores the need for balanced health communication strategies. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of considering individual variations in response to these beverages, as evidenced by reported side effects like irregular heartbeats. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the role of green tea and matcha in promoting cardiovascular health, managing obesity, and potentially mitigating diabetes risk factors in the Saudi Arabian context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200301
C.M. Martínez-Lara , L. Casas-Avila , M.L. Ramos-García , C. Castro-Hernández , D.A. Salazar-Piña , A. Hidalgo-Bravo , A.I. Barrera-Molina , O.C. Martínez- Ramírez
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).
It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide and involves non-modifiable (genetic risk variants) and modifiable factors (BMI, triglycerides and cholesterol).
Methods
We included 199 subjects with T2DM and 213 subjects without T2DM, both groups of the Mexican population. Genotyping was determined using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. We determined the associations and interactions of clinical and genetic variables for T2DM in the Mexican population using Multifactor-Dimensionality Reduction (MDR; Version 3.0.2).
Results
The polymorphisms showed a strong association with the risk of suffering from T2DM when they occur additively and the interaction between clinical and genetic variables explains much of the weight of both factors in the etiology of the disease.
Conclusion
The associations and interactions show that, regarding the risk of T2DM in this population, the most crucial is a BMI >24.9 kg/m2, followed by triglycerides >150 mg/dL and cholesterol <200 mg/dL; after this, ranked in importance for the risk of T2DM, are genetic polymorphisms in LEP, LEPR, FTO, and ADIPOQ in Mexican population.
{"title":"Associations and interactions of clinical and genetic variables for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the mexican population","authors":"C.M. Martínez-Lara , L. Casas-Avila , M.L. Ramos-García , C. Castro-Hernández , D.A. Salazar-Piña , A. Hidalgo-Bravo , A.I. Barrera-Molina , O.C. Martínez- Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).</div><div>It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide and involves non-modifiable (genetic risk variants) and modifiable factors (BMI, triglycerides and cholesterol).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 199 subjects with T2DM and 213 subjects without T2DM, both groups of the Mexican population. Genotyping was determined using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. We determined the associations and interactions of clinical and genetic variables for T2DM in the Mexican population using Multifactor-Dimensionality Reduction (MDR; Version 3.0.2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The polymorphisms showed a strong association with the risk of suffering from T2DM when they occur additively and the interaction between clinical and genetic variables explains much of the weight of both factors in the etiology of the disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The associations and interactions show that, regarding the risk of T2DM in this population, the most crucial is a BMI >24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, followed by triglycerides >150 mg/dL and cholesterol <200 mg/dL; after this, ranked in importance for the risk of T2DM, are genetic polymorphisms in <em>LEP</em>, <em>LEPR</em>, <em>FTO</em>, and <em>ADIPOQ</em> in Mexican population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200300
Xiaokang Niu , Qi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Ran Wang , Kai Yao , Yue Sang , Bing Fang , Yuyang Zhao , Liwei Liu , Langrun Wang , Rong Liu , Yixuan Li , Meiwen Sun , Hong Cui , Yinghua Liu , Jingjing He
Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially for individuals with obesity. Probiotics have been studied for their potential lipid-lowering properties, but the evidence in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia is limited. For trial feasibility purposes, this study explored the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Langg JZ-08 (Langg JZ-08) on lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 40 individuals (7 males and 13 females in the placebo group, 10 males and 10 females in the probiotic group) with obesity and dyslipidemia, aged 18–65 years consumed daily probiotics (5 × 1010 CFU/day Langg JZ-08) or placebo for 12 weeks. Body composition, blood lipids, markers of glycometabolism, antioxidants, and inflammation were measured before and after the intervention. Langg JZ-08 consumption significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.01), body fat percentage (P = 0.01), visceral fat area (P = 0.04), serum insulin (P = 0.01), glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05), and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P < 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.01) compared to the baseline. The decrease in total cholesterol was significantly greater in the probiotic group than in the placebo group after 12 weeks of intervention (P = 0.04). After the intervention, the serum superoxide dismutase, GPX and T-AOC levels were significantly higher in the Langg JZ-08 group than that of the placebo group (P < 0.05). There were no significant inter- and intra-group differences in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist, hip, and fasting blood glucose after the intervention. 12-week Langg JZ-08 intervention improved lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia. This pilot trial supports the feasibility of a larger scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of Langg JZ-08 on obesity with dyslipidemia.
{"title":"Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Langg JZ-08 on lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia: A randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Xiaokang Niu , Qi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Ran Wang , Kai Yao , Yue Sang , Bing Fang , Yuyang Zhao , Liwei Liu , Langrun Wang , Rong Liu , Yixuan Li , Meiwen Sun , Hong Cui , Yinghua Liu , Jingjing He","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially for individuals with obesity. Probiotics have been studied for their potential lipid-lowering properties, but the evidence in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia is limited. For trial feasibility purposes, this study explored the effects of <em>Bifidobacterium animalis</em> subsp. <em>lactis</em> Langg JZ-08 (Langg JZ-08) on lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 40 individuals (7 males and 13 females in the placebo group, 10 males and 10 females in the probiotic group) with obesity and dyslipidemia, aged 18–65 years consumed daily probiotics (5 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/day Langg JZ-08) or placebo for 12 weeks. Body composition, blood lipids, markers of glycometabolism, antioxidants, and inflammation were measured before and after the intervention. Langg JZ-08 consumption significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<em>P</em> = 0.01), body fat percentage (<em>P</em> = 0.01), visceral fat area (<em>P</em> = 0.04), serum insulin (<em>P</em> = 0.01), glycosylated hemoglobin (<em>P</em> = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<em>P</em> < 0.01) compared to the baseline. The decrease in total cholesterol was significantly greater in the probiotic group than in the placebo group after 12 weeks of intervention (<em>P</em> = 0.04). After the intervention, the serum superoxide dismutase, GPX and T-AOC levels were significantly higher in the Langg JZ-08 group than that of the placebo group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). There were no significant inter- and intra-group differences in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist, hip, and fasting blood glucose after the intervention. 12-week Langg JZ-08 intervention improved lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia. This pilot trial supports the feasibility of a larger scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of Langg JZ-08 on obesity with dyslipidemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200299
Marta Mazur , Maciej Jedliński , Irena Duś-Ilnicka , Artnora Ndokaj , Florence Carrouel , Livia Ottolenghi , Denis Bourgeois
The growing use of insect-derived proteins as a food source, driven by their nutritional benefits and low environmental impact, raises questions about their impact on human health, particularly oral health. This position paper analyzes the potential implications of integrating insect proteins into the diet, with a special focus on dental, periodontal, and oral microbiome health. By offering complete amino acid profiles, omega-3 fatty acids, and antimicrobial peptides, insect proteins may help address nutritional gaps and positively influence oral tissue regeneration and microbiome balance. Their low-carbohydrate content also reduces substrate availability for cariogenic bacteria, making them a valuable alternative to starch- or sugar-rich diets. We justify this dietary transition in light of present nutritional deficiencies and demonstrate how insect proteins can register within a holistic approach to global health (One Health) and the Planetary Health Diet, supporting sustainability and improving overall health. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety as potential sources of allergens and contaminants. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies are needed to assess correlations with the oral microbiota and its most frequent dysbiosis-related manifestations.
{"title":"Proteins from insects: A sustainable alternative for oral health within the one health concept and the planetary health diet","authors":"Marta Mazur , Maciej Jedliński , Irena Duś-Ilnicka , Artnora Ndokaj , Florence Carrouel , Livia Ottolenghi , Denis Bourgeois","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing use of insect-derived proteins as a food source, driven by their nutritional benefits and low environmental impact, raises questions about their impact on human health, particularly oral health. This position paper analyzes the potential implications of integrating insect proteins into the diet, with a special focus on dental, periodontal, and oral microbiome health. By offering complete amino acid profiles, omega-3 fatty acids, and antimicrobial peptides, insect proteins may help address nutritional gaps and positively influence oral tissue regeneration and microbiome balance. Their low-carbohydrate content also reduces substrate availability for cariogenic bacteria, making them a valuable alternative to starch- or sugar-rich diets. We justify this dietary transition in light of present nutritional deficiencies and demonstrate how insect proteins can register within a holistic approach to global health (<em>One Health</em>) and the <em>Planetary Health Diet</em>, supporting sustainability and improving overall health. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety as potential sources of allergens and contaminants. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies are needed to assess correlations with the oral microbiota and its most frequent dysbiosis-related manifestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200298
Danyang Cui , Xu Han , Jiazhu Jin , Yanhong Wang , Zijia Chen , Yang Gong , Miao Jiang
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, characterized by defects in the intestinal epithelial barrier, dysbiosis of the microbiota, and immune dysregulation. Metabolite profile has been widely and successfully used to characterize patient features in UC, as the development of metabolomics technology. Specific combinations of small metabolites can accurately depict the real-time pathological state of the body. Previous systematic reviews have focused on metabolite analysis between UC patients and healthy individuals, but have not systematically evaluated metabolite changes in different disease stages. This study focused on distinguish between patients in active and inactive phases, and even have the potential to predict changes in disease activity.
Aim
To summarize the distinct metabolites between the active and remission phases in serum and colonic mucosa in patients with UC.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1995 to 2022. Studies were selected which included metabolomics detection on serum or mucosal samples from patients with active or remission phase UC. The disease activity was assessed by using the Mayo score, Ulcerative colitis activity index score, or Geboes score. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results
Eleven articles (10 in English and 1 in Chinese) and 357 patients were included. Qualitative analysis was performed according to the classification of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In the active period of UC, metabolites such as lipids, Amino acids showed a certain trend of change. Arachidonic acid showed specific upregulation in both serum and mucosal samples during the active stage in patients with UC.
Conclusion
There exists an association between metabolite profile and disease activity in patients with UC. Especially in patients with active UC, the lipid metabolite (arachidonic acid) is highly expressed simultaneously in the serum and mucosa. This finding will identify small molecule biomarkers that may potentially replace colonoscopy in the assessment and prediction of UC disease activity in the future, which indicates a significant potential for biomarker development.
背景溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种免疫介导的结肠慢性炎症，以肠上皮屏障缺陷、微生物群失调和免疫失调为特征。随着代谢组学技术的发展，代谢物谱已被广泛并成功地用于UC患者特征的表征。小代谢物的特定组合可以准确地描述身体的实时病理状态。以往的系统综述主要集中在UC患者和健康个体之间的代谢物分析，但尚未系统地评估不同疾病阶段代谢物的变化。本研究侧重于区分活动期和非活动期患者，甚至有可能预测疾病活动度的变化。目的总结UC患者血清和结肠黏膜活性和缓解期代谢产物的差异。方法对1995 - 2022年PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据、中国知识基础设施数据库进行综合文献检索。选择的研究包括对活动期或缓解期UC患者的血清或粘膜样本进行代谢组学检测。疾病活动性通过Mayo评分、溃疡性结肠炎活动指数评分或Geboes评分进行评估。偏倚风险采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行评估。结果共纳入文献7篇（英文10篇，中文1篇），357例患者。定性分析按照气相色谱/质谱、液相色谱/质谱或核磁共振分类进行。在UC的活跃期，代谢产物如脂类、氨基酸等呈现一定的变化趋势。在UC患者的活跃期，花生四烯酸在血清和粘膜样本中均表现出特异性上调。结论UC患者代谢物谱与疾病活动度存在相关性。特别是在活动性UC患者中，脂质代谢物（花生四烯酸）在血清和粘膜中同时高度表达。这一发现将确定小分子生物标志物，可能在未来取代结肠镜检查评估和预测UC疾病活动，这表明生物标志物开发的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Metabolite profiling in assessing ulcerative colitis activity: A systematic review","authors":"Danyang Cui , Xu Han , Jiazhu Jin , Yanhong Wang , Zijia Chen , Yang Gong , Miao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, characterized by defects in the intestinal epithelial barrier, dysbiosis of the microbiota, and immune dysregulation. Metabolite profile has been widely and successfully used to characterize patient features in UC, as the development of metabolomics technology. Specific combinations of small metabolites can accurately depict the real-time pathological state of the body. Previous systematic reviews have focused on metabolite analysis between UC patients and healthy individuals, but have not systematically evaluated metabolite changes in different disease stages. This study focused on distinguish between patients in active and inactive phases, and even have the potential to predict changes in disease activity.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To summarize the distinct metabolites between the active and remission phases in serum and colonic mucosa in patients with UC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1995 to 2022. Studies were selected which included metabolomics detection on serum or mucosal samples from patients with active or remission phase UC. The disease activity was assessed by using the Mayo score, Ulcerative colitis activity index score, or Geboes score. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven articles (10 in English and 1 in Chinese) and 357 patients were included. Qualitative analysis was performed according to the classification of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In the active period of UC, metabolites such as lipids, Amino acids showed a certain trend of change. Arachidonic acid showed specific upregulation in both serum and mucosal samples during the active stage in patients with UC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There exists an association between metabolite profile and disease activity in patients with UC. Especially in patients with active UC, the lipid metabolite (arachidonic acid) is highly expressed simultaneously in the serum and mucosa. This finding will identify small molecule biomarkers that may potentially replace colonoscopy in the assessment and prediction of UC disease activity in the future, which indicates a significant potential for biomarker development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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