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APOEε4 genotype and DHA and EPA supplementation on the outcomes of cognitive decline: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials APOEε4 基因型与补充 DHA 和 EPA 对认知能力下降结果的影响:随机临床试验的系统回顾
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200249
Cynthia Batista Santos , Beatriz da Cruz Santos , Aline Rocha Reis , Liliane Viana Pires

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation has been used to improve cognitive outcomes in diseases associated with cognition. However, the influence of APOEε4 genotype on these relationships remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aims to discuss the evidence regarding the effects of DHA and EPA supplementation on cognitive decline variables and relate them to APOEε4 genotype in middle-aged and older adults. The Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Bireme/Lilacs databases were searched for studies, retrieving 1863 articles. After the step selection, two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on cognitive variables were included. All the methodological steps were performed by two raters. The results of the RCTs were not congruent, as the non-carriers in the APOEε4 supplemented group performed worse in the quick-choice reaction time cognitive domain, whereas the carriers improved in the reasoning domain. The increase in DHA concentration in the supplemented group was lower in APOEε4 carriers than in individuals with other genotypes. Additionally, a smaller decline in right hippocampal brain volume correlated with higher EPA concentrations after supplementation in APOEε4 non-carriers. The dosage and supplementation time (18 months) were similar between studies. In conclusion, DHA and EPA supplementation showed no pragmatic effects on cognitive variables when considering the presence of the APOEε4 allele.

补充二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)已被用于改善与认知相关疾病的认知结果。然而,APOEε4 基因型对这些关系的影响仍不清楚。因此,本系统综述旨在讨论有关补充 DHA 和 EPA 对中老年人认知能力下降变量的影响以及这些影响与 APOEε4 基因型之间关系的证据。研究人员在 Medline(通过 PubMed)、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Bireme/Lilacs 数据库中检索了 1863 篇研究文章。经过步骤选择后,纳入了两项评估补充 EPA 和 DHA 对认知变量影响的随机临床试验(RCT)。所有方法步骤均由两名评定员完成。RCT的结果并不一致,因为补充APOEε4的非携带者组在快速选择反应时间认知领域的表现较差,而携带者在推理领域的表现有所改善。与其他基因型的个体相比,APOEε4携带者补充组中DHA浓度的增加较低。此外,APOEε4非携带者补充EPA后,右侧海马体体积的下降幅度较小,而EPA浓度较高。不同研究的剂量和补充时间(18 个月)相似。总之,考虑到 APOEε4 等位基因的存在,补充 DHA 和 EPA 对认知变量没有实际影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of nutrition education on improving dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months in Horo district, Oromia region, Ethiopia 营养教育对改善埃塞俄比亚奥罗莫地区霍罗县 6-23 个月儿童饮食多样性的影响
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200244
Gadise Adugna , Gudina Egata , Dinaol Abdissa Fufa , Derese Tamiru Desta

Background

Unmet minimum dietary diversity (MDD) feeding practices in poor nations place children at high risk of undernutrition and its related effects, which are far-reaching and difficult to correct later in life.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal nutrition education and another determinant on the dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months.

Methods

A community-based cluster randomized trial study design was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 in the Horo district. Twenty-three kebeles were assigned to two clusters. From two clusters, two kebeles were selected by simple random sampling. Two kebeles were assigned as intervention (150) and control (150) groups by the lottery method, at the end of the line as intervention (139) and control (137) groups. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The nutrition education intervention, which lasted three months and consisted of eight sessions, was given to the intervention group, which was made up of mothers and other caregivers of children aged 6–23 months.

Data entry into Epi-data and analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 26 computer software. At a 95% confidence level, values with P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. B-ivariable and multivariable conditional fixed-effect logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants of the dietary diversity score. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were used to describe the strength and direction of the association.

Result

The result was that the proportion of children with a good dietary diversity score was 52 (34.7%) and 40 (26.7%) in the control group and intervention groups at baseline, respectively. Household food security [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (2.45, 6.73] and being in the intervention group [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.29] were both positive predictors of the dietary diversity score, while maternal age (35–45 years) was a negative predictor.

Conclusion

At baseline, a high proportion of children aged 6–23 months did not receive the World Health Organization's minimum dietary diversity recommendation for both groups. The consumption of animal sources and vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables was poor among both groups. At the end of the day, after nutrition education, the dietary diversity score improved in the intervention groups but not in the control groups. New strategies and programs should be made at all levels to improve childhood nutritional status. This includes providing nutrition education for mothers aged between 35 and 45 years old.

背景贫穷国家未满足最低膳食多样性(MDD)的喂养方式使儿童面临营养不良及其相关影响的高风险,这些影响影响深远,且很难在以后的生活中加以纠正。方法2019年7月至2020年1月在霍罗区开展了一项基于社区的群组随机试验研究设计。23 个基贝被分配到两个群组。在两个群组中,通过简单随机抽样选取了两个区。通过抽签法将两个基带分配为干预组(150 个)和对照组(150 个),最后分配为干预组(139 个)和对照组(137 个)。研究采用简单随机抽样技术选取研究对象。干预组由 6-23 个月大儿童的母亲和其他看护者组成,他们接受了为期三个月、共八节课的营养教育干预。在 95% 的置信水平下,P ≤ 0.05 的值被认为具有统计学意义。B-变量和多变量条件固定效应逻辑回归分析用于确定膳食多样性得分的决定因素。P 值小于 0.05 的变量被认为具有统计学意义。结果显示,对照组和干预组基线时膳食多样性得分良好的儿童比例分别为 52(34.7%)和 40(26.7%)。家庭食品安全[AOR = 4.06,95% CI:(2.45,6.73)]和干预组[AOR = 1.90,95% CI:(1.10,3.29)]都是膳食多样性得分的正向预测因子,而母亲年龄(35-45 岁)则是负向预测因子。两组儿童的动物源性食物和富含维生素 A 的水果和蔬菜摄入量都很低。最后,在营养教育之后,干预组的膳食多样性得分有所提高,而对照组则没有。应在各个层面制定新的战略和计划,以改善儿童的营养状况。这包括为 35 至 45 岁的母亲提供营养教育。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in a clinical-based sample of Vietnamese aged 20–50: A generalized linear regression analysis 评估以临床为基础的 20-50 岁越南人样本中身体质量指数与骨矿物质密度之间的关系:广义线性回归分析
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241
Trong Hung Nguyen , Thi Thuy Bui , Quang Duc Tran , Thi Hang Diem , Tuyet Mai Truong , Hong Truong Nguyen , Danh Tuyen Le

Background

While some evidence has shown that the BMI component differentially influences bone mineral density (BMD), no studies have examined the association between BMI and BMD in Vietnamese adults. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between BMI and BMD in relatively healthy Vietnamese adults. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, BMD results measured by DXA and risk factors associated with BMD were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 333 customers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam. The customers (aged 20–50 years) underwent a nutrition evaluation and completed BMD examinations between January 1 and November 30, 2021. Osteopenia was defined as the BMD (Z-score) < -2. The correlation between BMI and BMD was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The study found that 7.7% of females and 4.6% of males had osteopenia at the lumbar spine, while 6.9% of females and 5.7% of males had osteopenia at the total hip. Our study discovered a significant relationship between BMI and normal BMD or osteopenia among both males and females, except for the lumbar spine in males. Notably, the results indicated that underweight individuals had a higher likelihood of developing osteopenia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between being overweight or obese and having a higher BMD was also confirmed.Our findings show that the BMI categories affect BMD differently and that being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia among 20-50-year-old Vietnamese. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a BMI-based pre-screening tool for osteopenia in this age group before the further examination.

背景虽然有证据表明体重指数(BMI)对骨质密度(BMD)有不同程度的影响,但还没有研究对越南成年人的体重指数(BMI)和骨质密度(BMD)之间的关系进行调查。本研究旨在探讨相对健康的越南成年人的体重指数与骨密度之间的关系。研究人员从越南国家营养研究所 333 名顾客的病历中回顾性地获取了人口统计学数据、人体测量数据、DXA 测量的 BMD 结果以及与 BMD 相关的风险因素。这些顾客(20-50 岁)在 2021 年 1 月 1 日至 11 月 30 日期间接受了营养评估并完成了 BMD 检查。骨质疏松的定义是 BMD(Z-score)< -2。采用广义线性回归分析了 BMI 与 BMD 之间的相关性。研究发现,7.7% 的女性和 4.6% 的男性腰椎骨质增生,6.9% 的女性和 5.7% 的男性全髋骨质增生。我们的研究发现,除男性腰椎骨质增生外,男性和女性的体重指数与骨密度正常或骨质增生之间均存在显著关系。值得注意的是,研究结果表明,体重过轻的人患骨质疏松症的可能性更高。此外,超重或肥胖与较高的 BMD 之间的正相关关系也得到了证实。我们的研究结果表明,BMI 类别对 BMD 的影响不同,体重不足会增加 20-50 岁越南人患骨质疏松症的风险。因此,我们强调,在进一步检查之前,有必要对这一年龄组的人进行基于体重指数的骨质疏松症预检。
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引用次数: 0
Intensive lifestyle intervention positively affects nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score (NFS) and key metabolic parameters: A retrospective study 强化生活方式干预会对非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化评分(NFS)和主要代谢参数产生积极影响:一项回顾性研究
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247
Benjamin Peter Michael Gummlich , Dirk Raddatz , Katja Susanne Claudia Gollisch

To date lifestyle intervention is the only proven therapy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we retrospectively analyze the influence of a structured, multimodal 52-week lifestyle intervention program on NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) as a marker for liver fibrosis. At baseline, 16/47 subjects (34.0%) in our cohort displayed elevated NFS levels suggestive for advanced stages of liver fibrosis. Already after the initial 12-week hypocaloric fasting phase with a formula diet, this number decreased significantly and continued to decrease until the end of the program to 10/47 (21.3%). At baseline, 48.9% of the participants had impaired glucose metabolism, as defined by impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c, or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. This proportion reduced markedly to 31.9% by the end of the program. The proportion of advanced stages of liver fibrosis was especially high in the subgroup of participants with impaired glucose metabolism. This group particularly benefited from the lifestyle intervention program in terms of their NFS. The present study demonstrates that participants of structured multimodal lifestyle intervention programs with formula diets can significantly improve their metabolic parameters, such as body weight, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipids, and substantially reduce their risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Primary care providers must be aware of the close link between impaired glucose metabolism and increased liver-related risk and refer their metabolically ill patients to effective programs.

迄今为止,生活方式干预是治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的唯一行之有效的疗法。在本研究中,我们回顾性分析了为期 52 周的结构化多模式生活方式干预计划对作为肝纤维化标志的非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化评分(NFS)的影响。基线时,我们队列中的 16/47 例受试者(34.0%)显示出升高的 NFS 水平,提示肝纤维化已进入晚期。在最初的 12 周低热量禁食配方饮食阶段后,这一数字已显著下降,并持续到计划结束,降至 10/47 人(21.3%)。在基线阶段,48.9% 的参与者患有糖代谢受损,即空腹血糖受损、HbA1c 升高或明显的 2 型糖尿病。计划结束时,这一比例明显降低至 31.9%。在糖代谢受损的参与者分组中,肝纤维化晚期的比例尤其高。这部分人从生活方式干预计划中获益尤为明显。本研究表明,采用配方饮食的结构化多模式生活方式干预计划的参与者可以显著改善体重、空腹血糖、HbA1c 和血脂等代谢指标,并大大降低晚期肝纤维化的风险。初级医疗服务提供者必须意识到糖代谢受损与肝脏相关风险增加之间的密切联系,并将代谢病患者转介到有效的计划中。
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引用次数: 0
Compliance with Iron-Folic Acid supplementation, associated factors, and barriers among postpartum women in Eastern India 印度东部产后妇女补充铁-叶酸的依从性、相关因素和障碍
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200237
Moonjelly Vijayan Smitha , Indumathi P , Saswati Parichha , Sandhya Kullu , Sanchari Roy , Sapana Gurjar , Sapna Meena

Background

Anemia is a widespread health issue that affects approximately one-third of women of reproductive age in developing countries. While anemia during pregnancy is adequately addressed, it is often overlooked postpartum. This study aimed to determine the compliance with and barriers to Iron-Folic Acid supplementation (IFA) and its associated factors.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. These women were interviewed to assess their compliance with and barriers to IFA supplementation.

Results

Only 20.80 % of participants complied with IFA supplementation after childbirth, compared to 56.8 % who were compliant during pregnancy. The primary reason for noncompliance with IFA supplementation was a lack of counseling (93.5 %) by healthcare workers, forgetfulness (23.6 %), and bloating (30.8 %). Other barriers included a lack of awareness, sociocultural barriers, healthcare-related barriers, side effects, and misconceptions. Postnatal women aged 19–35 with obstetrical complications and who maintained Mother Child Protection cards were more likely to comply with IFA supplements.

Conclusion

Poor compliance with IFA supplementation reflects gross negligence of self-health care during the postpartum period, which can have long-term deleterious consequences on the mother's and her baby's health. Healthcare providers must deliver quality education, screen and monitor for anemia, and follow up on IFA supplementation to address the barrier postnatal women face. This can be achieved through culturally acceptable, comprehensive, and context-specific strategies.

背景贫血是一个普遍的健康问题,影响着发展中国家约三分之一的育龄妇女。虽然孕期贫血问题已得到充分解决,但产后贫血问题却常常被忽视。本研究旨在确定补充铁-叶酸(IFA)的依从性和障碍及其相关因素。 研究方法 对 312 名符合纳入标准的产后妇女进行了横断面研究。结果只有 20.80% 的参与者在产后坚持补充叶酸,而在孕期坚持补充叶酸的比例为 56.8%。不补充 IFA 的主要原因是缺乏医护人员的指导(93.5%)、健忘(23.6%)和腹胀(30.8%)。其他障碍包括缺乏认识、社会文化障碍、医疗相关障碍、副作用和误解。有产科并发症且持有母婴保护卡的 19-35 岁产后妇女更有可能遵守补充 IFA 的规定。医护人员必须提供优质教育,筛查和监测贫血情况,并跟踪 IFA 补充情况,以解决产后妇女面临的障碍。这可以通过文化上可接受的、全面的和针对具体情况的策略来实现。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of indigenous African Diet on inflammatory markers linked to Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus 非洲本土饮食对与 2 型糖尿病有关的炎症指标的影响
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200236
Florence Malongane, Wendy N. Phoswa, Tendaiishe Berejena

Background

The association between the inflammatory markers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been widely reported. The epidemiology of T2DM shows a rapid increase in the disease in developing countries. African foods have the potential to reduce the inflammatory markers associated with T2DM. All the food groups in the African diet possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties, which are essential in controlling T2DM.

Objectives

This study sought to assess the role of indigenous African food groups in preventing and managing T2DM. It examined the anti-inflammatory properties of African food groups in relation to T2DM.

Material and methods

A narrative review assessed different African food groups' anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activities. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various scientific databases, which include PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and books. In vivo and in vitro studies were selected to analyse the effects of the African diet on inflammatory markers associated with T2DM. The review was conducted between February and October 2023.

Results

The African vegetables, cereals, tubers, insects and fermented foods reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a), Interleukin 1, (IL-1), Interleukin 6, (IL- 6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). The in vivo and in vitro studies revealed a significant content of α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitors in African foods. Inflammation reduction and increased antioxidants were also exhibited in different food groups. However, future studies are needed to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of African foods before and after processing.

Conclusion

The anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties predominantly exist in all African food groups. A substantial content of compounds identified demonstrated several effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antiglycation, anti-α-amylase, anti- α-glucosidase, anti-lipase, and anti-acetyl cholinesterase. These properties are essential in controlling the inflammatory markers linked to T2DM.

背景炎症指标与 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)之间的关系已被广泛报道。T2DM 的流行病学显示,该疾病在发展中国家迅速增加。非洲食品具有降低与 T2DM 相关的炎症指标的潜力。本研究旨在评估非洲本土食物在预防和控制 T2DM 方面的作用。材料和方法对不同非洲食物组的抗炎和抗高血糖活性进行了叙述性综述评估。利用各种科学数据库(包括 PubMed、Google Scholar、Medline 和书籍)进行了全面的文献检索。选择了体内和体外研究,以分析非洲饮食对与 T2DM 相关的炎症指标的影响。结果非洲蔬菜、谷物、块茎、昆虫和发酵食品减少了肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-a)、白细胞介素 1(IL-1)、白细胞介素 6(IL-6)、白细胞介素 8(IL-8)等炎症细胞因子和一氧化氮(NO)等炎症介质的产生。体内和体外研究显示,非洲食品中含有大量α-淀粉酶和α-糖苷酶抑制剂。不同食物组还显示炎症有所减轻,抗氧化剂有所增加。不过,今后还需要进行研究,以比较非洲食品在加工前后的抗炎活性。经鉴定的大量化合物具有多种功效,包括抗炎、抗糖化、抗α-淀粉酶、抗α-葡萄糖苷酶、抗脂肪酶和抗乙酰胆碱酯酶。这些特性对于控制与 T2DM 相关的炎症指标至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Predictors of food addiction symptoms among Malaysian university students 马来西亚大学生食物成瘾症状的预测因素
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200235
Mun Hong Joseph Cheah , Yit Siew Chin

Objective

University students are susceptible to hyperpalatable food consumption, which may contribute to the development of food addiction. However, there is limited research on food addiction among Malaysian university students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food addiction, as well as the factors that predicted food addiction symptoms among students in a selected local public university in Malaysia.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study whereby a total of 295 Malaysian university students were recruited from a selected local university. Participants were assessed through self-administered questionnaires and measured for their body compositions.

Results

Findings revealed that 15.9% of the university students were at risk of having food addiction, with an average of 3.21 ± 1.62 food addiction symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that binge eating (B = 0.086, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.071, p < 0.001), as well as high daily carbohydrate intake (B = 0.002, p = 0.004) significantly predicted food addiction symptoms (R2 = 0.346, F(3, 285) = 50.195, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Approximately one in five university students was at risk of food addiction. Moreover, higher levels of binge eating and anxiety, along with increased consumption of carbohydrates contributed to elevated food addiction symptoms. Effective intervention should be formulated based on the psychological and dietary aspects to tackle the food addiction problems among university students.

目的:大学生很容易摄入过多的美味食物,这可能会导致食物成瘾。然而,有关马来西亚大学生食物成瘾的研究却很有限。本研究旨在调查马来西亚一所选定的本地公立大学的学生中食物成瘾的普遍程度,以及预测食物成瘾症状的因素。结果发现,15.9%的大学生有食物成瘾的风险,平均有 3.21 ± 1.62 个食物成瘾症状。多元线性回归分析表明,暴饮暴食(B = 0.086,p <0.001)和焦虑(B = 0.071,p <0.001)以及每日碳水化合物摄入量高(B = 0.002,p = 0.004)可显著预测食物成瘾症状(R2 = 0.346,F(3, 285) = 50.195,p <0.001)。此外,较高程度的暴饮暴食和焦虑,以及碳水化合物摄入量的增加,都是导致食物成瘾症状加重的原因。针对大学生的食物成瘾问题,应从心理和饮食两方面制定有效的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant diets are associated with increased odds of cataracts and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: Hospital-based case-control study 促炎症和促氧化饮食与白内障发病几率增加以及炎症和氧化应激的血清生物标志物有关:基于医院的病例对照研究
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200234
Farhad Vahid , Diana Rahmani

Background

Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in cataracts' causal network. In this study, we used the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) to comprehensively examine the nutritional status related to inflammation and oxidative stress and investigate their association with the odds of cataracts. We hypothesize that higher DII scores (a pro-inflammatory diet) and lower DAI (a pro-oxidant diet) are associated with related serum biomarkers and increase the odds of cataracts.

Methods

The study included 263 patients with cataracts and 326 healthy controls. A valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the participants' dietary intake over the past year. DII and DAI were calculated based on FFQ, and blood/serum indicators, e.g., hs-CRP, TNF-a, etc., were extracted from patients' records.

Results

Based on the multivariable linear regression models, there was a significant association between DII and hs-CRP (Beta = 0.095, CI95 %: 0.001–0.189) and between DAI and TNF-a (Beta = 0.494, CI95 %: 0.121–0.866) and LDL-C (Beta = 1.037, CI95 %: 0.159–1.915). In addition, in logistic regression models, after adjusting for multiple confounders, there was a significant association between DII (continuous variable) (OR = 1.27, CI95 %: 1.08–1.50) and DAI (continuous variable) (OR = 0.93, CI95 %: 0.87–0.99) and odds of cataracts.

Conclusion

This study confirms the association between pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant diets, as indicated by higher DII scores and lower DAI, with serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Our study supports the notion that dietary interventions targeting inflammation and oxidative stress may have a potential role in preventing or delaying the onset of cataracts.

背景氧化应激和炎症在白内障的病因网络中扮演着重要角色。在本研究中,我们采用膳食炎症指数(DII)和膳食抗氧化指数(DAI)来全面检测与炎症和氧化应激相关的营养状况,并研究它们与白内障发病几率的关系。我们假设,较高的 DII 分数(促炎症饮食)和较低的 DAI(促氧化饮食)与相关的血清生物标志物有关,并会增加白内障的发病几率。有效的 168 项食物频率问卷(FFQ)评估了参与者过去一年的饮食摄入量。根据 FFQ 计算 DII 和 DAI,并从患者记录中提取血液/血清指标,如 hs-CRP、TNF-a 等、结果基于多变量线性回归模型,DII与hs-CRP(Beta = 0.095,CI95 %:0.001-0.189)、DAI与TNF-a(Beta = 0.494,CI95 %:0.121-0.866)和LDL-C(Beta = 1.037,CI95 %:0.159-1.915)之间存在显著关联。此外,在逻辑回归模型中,调整多种混杂因素后,DII(连续变量)(OR = 1.27,CI95 %:1.08-1.50)和 DAI(连续变量)(OR = 0.93,CI95 %:0.结论本研究证实了促炎症和促氧化饮食(如较高的 DII 分数和较低的 DAI)与炎症和氧化应激的血清生物标志物之间的关联。我们的研究支持这样一种观点,即针对炎症和氧化应激的饮食干预措施可能在预防或推迟白内障发病方面发挥潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
Age, sex, antihypertensive drugs and the Mediterranean diet on hypertension-related biomarkers: Impact on carotid structure and blood lipids in an Argentinian cross-sectional study 年龄、性别、降压药和地中海饮食对高血压相关生物标志物的影响:阿根廷一项横断面研究对颈动脉结构和血脂的影响
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200233
Georgina Noel Marchiori , Elio Andrés Soria , María Eugenia Pasqualini , María Alejandra Celi , María Daniela Defagó

Background

Cardiovascular risk is modifiable by changes in lifestyle and pharmacological management, with hypertension being a common pathology worldwide. Its treatment must address multiple metabolic targets. Based on the hypothesis that certain antihypertensive medications, such as the commonly used enalapril and losartan, and dietary habits improve hypertension-related changes in carotid structure and cardiometabolic variables, this work aimed to associate these drugs, as well as the Mediterranean diet adherence and non-modifiable biological factors, with changes in carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT] and blood lipids.

Methods

Sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical and lifestyle data were collected in a cross-sectional study of 313 subjects under survey due to cardiovascular risk factors, aged 34–83 years (Cordoba, Argentina). Generalised structural equation models were used for analysis.

Results

A higher cIMT with age and male sex was confirmed. Women had lower triacylglycerols and saturated fatty acids in serum but higher circulating levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol than men. Also, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower triacylglycerols, but higher levels of HDL-C cholesterol and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in serum. A greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not affect cIMT. Enalapril was associated with increased serum ω-3 PUFAs levels, but it did not affect other lipid fractions. Moreover, enalapril may control cIMT, whereas losartan may not.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that the Mediterranean diet and enalapril are associated with a cardioprotective circulating lipid profile in hypertension. Concerning this, enalapril potentially promotes serum ω-3 PUFAs levels beyond its classical antihypertensive effect, which encourages future clinical studies to confirm it.

背景心血管风险是可以通过改变生活方式和药物治疗来改变的,高血压是一种全球常见的病症。其治疗必须针对多个代谢靶点。基于某些降压药物(如常用的依那普利和洛沙坦)和饮食习惯可改善高血压相关的颈动脉结构和心血管代谢变量变化的假设,本研究旨在将这些药物、地中海饮食的坚持率和不可改变的生物因素与颈动脉内膜厚度(cIMT)和血脂的变化联系起来。方法在一项横断面研究中收集了社会人口学、临床、生化和生活方式数据,研究对象为因心血管风险因素而接受调查的 313 名受试者,年龄在 34-83 岁之间(阿根廷科尔多瓦)。研究采用了广义结构方程模型进行分析。与男性相比,女性血清中的三酰甘油和饱和脂肪酸含量较低,但低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇的循环水平较高。此外,较多坚持地中海饮食的女性血清中三酰甘油含量较低,但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs)含量较高。更多坚持地中海饮食不会影响 cIMT。依那普利与血清中ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸水平的升高有关,但不影响其他脂质组分。结论我们的数据表明,地中海饮食和依那普利与高血压患者的心脏保护性循环血脂谱有关。我们的数据表明,地中海饮食和依那普利对高血压患者的心脏具有保护作用,而依那普利对血清中ω-3 PUFAs水平的潜在促进作用超出了其传统的降压作用,这需要未来的临床研究加以证实。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of micronutrients on the sense of taste 微量营养素对味觉的影响
Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200231
Samer Younes

Among the most primal of senses (approximately 25), the sense of taste in humans is able to distill down to the basic 5 taste qualities of sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, or savory. The sensation commonly known as taste is in fact a fusion of both smell and taste. The technical term for this amalgamation of sensory experiences while consuming food and beverages is referred to as taste. The term “taste” is intended to be limited to the perceived result of stimulating taste receptor cells on the surface of the tongue. This sense of taste is similar to the sense of smell in that the stimuli chemically interact with the receptors during the encoding process. Spices must dissolve in saliva to interact with taste receptors. Saliva then holds the dissolved chemicals near clusters of receptor cells called taste buds. Without saliva, the performance of the taste buds declines rapidly. The chemical taste receptors are hidden in “bumps” (called papillae) that cover the surface of the tongue. Vitamins are known to generate bitterness, which may contribute to an off-taste or aftertaste for some nutritional supplements. In humans, bitter taste detection is mediated by 25 G-protein-coupled receptors belonging to the TAS2R family.In the following review, analysis will be made of the relationship, including possible regulatory activity, of certain nutrients (namely, vitamin E, A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, B12, Zn, and alpha-lepoic acid) to the already discussed pathways involved in the sense of taste.

在最原始的感官(约 25 种)中,人类的味觉能够提炼出甜、酸、苦、咸、鲜味或咸味这 5 种基本味觉特质。通常所说的味觉实际上是嗅觉和味觉的融合。在食用食物和饮料时,这种混合感官体验的专业术语被称为 "味觉"。味觉 "一词的含义仅限于刺激舌头表面的味觉感受细胞所产生的感知结果。这种味觉与嗅觉类似,都是在编码过程中刺激物与感受器发生化学作用。香料必须溶解在唾液中才能与味觉感受器相互作用。然后,唾液将溶解的化学物质保持在被称为味蕾的受体细胞群附近。如果没有唾液,味蕾的性能就会迅速下降。化学味觉感受器隐藏在覆盖舌头表面的 "凸起"(称为乳头)中。众所周知,维生素会产生苦味,这可能会导致某些营养补充剂产生异味或后味。在下面的综述中,将分析某些营养素(即维生素 E、A、D、C、B3、B6、B9、B12、Zn 和α-环氧乙烷)与已讨论过的味觉相关途径的关系,包括可能的调节活性。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Nutrition and Metabolism
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