Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200249
Cynthia Batista Santos , Beatriz da Cruz Santos , Aline Rocha Reis , Liliane Viana Pires
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation has been used to improve cognitive outcomes in diseases associated with cognition. However, the influence of APOEε4 genotype on these relationships remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aims to discuss the evidence regarding the effects of DHA and EPA supplementation on cognitive decline variables and relate them to APOEε4 genotype in middle-aged and older adults. The Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Bireme/Lilacs databases were searched for studies, retrieving 1863 articles. After the step selection, two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on cognitive variables were included. All the methodological steps were performed by two raters. The results of the RCTs were not congruent, as the non-carriers in the APOEε4 supplemented group performed worse in the quick-choice reaction time cognitive domain, whereas the carriers improved in the reasoning domain. The increase in DHA concentration in the supplemented group was lower in APOEε4 carriers than in individuals with other genotypes. Additionally, a smaller decline in right hippocampal brain volume correlated with higher EPA concentrations after supplementation in APOEε4 non-carriers. The dosage and supplementation time (18 months) were similar between studies. In conclusion, DHA and EPA supplementation showed no pragmatic effects on cognitive variables when considering the presence of the APOEε4 allele.
补充二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)已被用于改善与认知相关疾病的认知结果。然而,APOEε4 基因型对这些关系的影响仍不清楚。因此,本系统综述旨在讨论有关补充 DHA 和 EPA 对中老年人认知能力下降变量的影响以及这些影响与 APOEε4 基因型之间关系的证据。研究人员在 Medline(通过 PubMed)、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Bireme/Lilacs 数据库中检索了 1863 篇研究文章。经过步骤选择后,纳入了两项评估补充 EPA 和 DHA 对认知变量影响的随机临床试验(RCT)。所有方法步骤均由两名评定员完成。RCT的结果并不一致,因为补充APOEε4的非携带者组在快速选择反应时间认知领域的表现较差,而携带者在推理领域的表现有所改善。与其他基因型的个体相比,APOEε4携带者补充组中DHA浓度的增加较低。此外,APOEε4非携带者补充EPA后,右侧海马体体积的下降幅度较小,而EPA浓度较高。不同研究的剂量和补充时间(18 个月)相似。总之,考虑到 APOEε4 等位基因的存在,补充 DHA 和 EPA 对认知变量没有实际影响。
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Unmet minimum dietary diversity (MDD) feeding practices in poor nations place children at high risk of undernutrition and its related effects, which are far-reaching and difficult to correct later in life.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal nutrition education and another determinant on the dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months.
Methods
A community-based cluster randomized trial study design was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 in the Horo district. Twenty-three kebeles were assigned to two clusters. From two clusters, two kebeles were selected by simple random sampling. Two kebeles were assigned as intervention (150) and control (150) groups by the lottery method, at the end of the line as intervention (139) and control (137) groups. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The nutrition education intervention, which lasted three months and consisted of eight sessions, was given to the intervention group, which was made up of mothers and other caregivers of children aged 6–23 months.
Data entry into Epi-data and analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 26 computer software. At a 95% confidence level, values with P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. B-ivariable and multivariable conditional fixed-effect logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants of the dietary diversity score. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were used to describe the strength and direction of the association.
Result
The result was that the proportion of children with a good dietary diversity score was 52 (34.7%) and 40 (26.7%) in the control group and intervention groups at baseline, respectively. Household food security [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (2.45, 6.73] and being in the intervention group [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.29] were both positive predictors of the dietary diversity score, while maternal age (35–45 years) was a negative predictor.
Conclusion
At baseline, a high proportion of children aged 6–23 months did not receive the World Health Organization's minimum dietary diversity recommendation for both groups. The consumption of animal sources and vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables was poor among both groups. At the end of the day, after nutrition education, the dietary diversity score improved in the intervention groups but not in the control groups. New strategies and programs should be made at all levels to improve childhood nutritional status. This includes providing nutrition education for mothers aged between 35 and 45 years old.
{"title":"Effect of nutrition education on improving dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months in Horo district, Oromia region, Ethiopia","authors":"Gadise Adugna , Gudina Egata , Dinaol Abdissa Fufa , Derese Tamiru Desta","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Unmet minimum dietary diversity (MDD) feeding practices in poor nations place children at high risk of undernutrition and its related effects, which are far-reaching and difficult to correct later in life.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal nutrition education and another determinant on the dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A community-based cluster randomized trial study design was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 in the Horo district. Twenty-three kebeles were assigned to two clusters. From two clusters, two kebeles were selected by simple random sampling. Two kebeles were assigned as intervention (150) and control (150) groups by the lottery method, at the end of the line as intervention (139) and control (137) groups. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The nutrition education intervention, which lasted three months and consisted of eight sessions, was given to the intervention group, which was made up of mothers and other caregivers of children aged 6–23 months.</p><p>Data entry into Epi-data and analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 26 computer software. At a 95% confidence level, values with P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. B-ivariable and multivariable conditional fixed-effect logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants of the dietary diversity score. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were used to describe the strength and direction of the association.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The result was that the proportion of children with a good dietary diversity score was 52 (34.7%) and 40 (26.7%) in the control group and intervention groups at baseline, respectively. Household food security [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (2.45, 6.73] and being in the intervention group [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.29] were both positive predictors of the dietary diversity score, while maternal age (35–45 years) was a negative predictor.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>At baseline, a high proportion of children aged 6–23 months did not receive the World Health Organization's minimum dietary diversity recommendation for both groups. The consumption of animal sources and vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables was poor among both groups. At the end of the day, after nutrition education, the dietary diversity score improved in the intervention groups but not in the control groups. New strategies and programs should be made at all levels to improve childhood nutritional status. This includes providing nutrition education for mothers aged between 35 and 45 years old.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000069/pdfft?md5=9aed8c3144570db1d3fe655a822409d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241
Trong Hung Nguyen , Thi Thuy Bui , Quang Duc Tran , Thi Hang Diem , Tuyet Mai Truong , Hong Truong Nguyen , Danh Tuyen Le
Background
While some evidence has shown that the BMI component differentially influences bone mineral density (BMD), no studies have examined the association between BMI and BMD in Vietnamese adults. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between BMI and BMD in relatively healthy Vietnamese adults. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, BMD results measured by DXA and risk factors associated with BMD were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 333 customers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam. The customers (aged 20–50 years) underwent a nutrition evaluation and completed BMD examinations between January 1 and November 30, 2021. Osteopenia was defined as the BMD (Z-score) < -2. The correlation between BMI and BMD was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The study found that 7.7% of females and 4.6% of males had osteopenia at the lumbar spine, while 6.9% of females and 5.7% of males had osteopenia at the total hip. Our study discovered a significant relationship between BMI and normal BMD or osteopenia among both males and females, except for the lumbar spine in males. Notably, the results indicated that underweight individuals had a higher likelihood of developing osteopenia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between being overweight or obese and having a higher BMD was also confirmed.Our findings show that the BMI categories affect BMD differently and that being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia among 20-50-year-old Vietnamese. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a BMI-based pre-screening tool for osteopenia in this age group before the further examination.
{"title":"Assessing the relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in a clinical-based sample of Vietnamese aged 20–50: A generalized linear regression analysis","authors":"Trong Hung Nguyen , Thi Thuy Bui , Quang Duc Tran , Thi Hang Diem , Tuyet Mai Truong , Hong Truong Nguyen , Danh Tuyen Le","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>While some evidence has shown that the BMI component differentially influences bone mineral density (BMD), no studies have examined the association between BMI and BMD in Vietnamese adults. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between BMI and BMD in relatively healthy Vietnamese adults. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, BMD results measured by DXA and risk factors associated with BMD were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 333 customers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam. The customers (aged 20–50 years) underwent a nutrition evaluation and completed BMD examinations between January 1 and November 30, 2021. Osteopenia was defined as the BMD (Z-score) < -2. The correlation between BMI and BMD was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The study found that 7.7% of females and 4.6% of males had osteopenia at the lumbar spine, while 6.9% of females and 5.7% of males had osteopenia at the total hip. Our study discovered a significant relationship between BMI and normal BMD or osteopenia among both males and females, except for the lumbar spine in males. Notably, the results indicated that underweight individuals had a higher likelihood of developing osteopenia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between being overweight or obese and having a higher BMD was also confirmed.Our findings show that the BMI categories affect BMD differently and that being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia among 20-50-year-old Vietnamese. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a BMI-based pre-screening tool for osteopenia in this age group before the further examination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000033/pdfft?md5=495aa84a2ff17602b9677e3778500ea0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139419264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247
Benjamin Peter Michael Gummlich , Dirk Raddatz , Katja Susanne Claudia Gollisch
To date lifestyle intervention is the only proven therapy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we retrospectively analyze the influence of a structured, multimodal 52-week lifestyle intervention program on NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) as a marker for liver fibrosis. At baseline, 16/47 subjects (34.0%) in our cohort displayed elevated NFS levels suggestive for advanced stages of liver fibrosis. Already after the initial 12-week hypocaloric fasting phase with a formula diet, this number decreased significantly and continued to decrease until the end of the program to 10/47 (21.3%). At baseline, 48.9% of the participants had impaired glucose metabolism, as defined by impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c, or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. This proportion reduced markedly to 31.9% by the end of the program. The proportion of advanced stages of liver fibrosis was especially high in the subgroup of participants with impaired glucose metabolism. This group particularly benefited from the lifestyle intervention program in terms of their NFS. The present study demonstrates that participants of structured multimodal lifestyle intervention programs with formula diets can significantly improve their metabolic parameters, such as body weight, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipids, and substantially reduce their risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Primary care providers must be aware of the close link between impaired glucose metabolism and increased liver-related risk and refer their metabolically ill patients to effective programs.
{"title":"Intensive lifestyle intervention positively affects nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score (NFS) and key metabolic parameters: A retrospective study","authors":"Benjamin Peter Michael Gummlich , Dirk Raddatz , Katja Susanne Claudia Gollisch","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To date lifestyle intervention is the only proven therapy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we retrospectively analyze the influence of a structured, multimodal 52-week lifestyle intervention program on NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) as a marker for liver fibrosis. At baseline, 16/47 subjects (34.0%) in our cohort displayed elevated NFS levels suggestive for advanced stages of liver fibrosis. Already after the initial 12-week hypocaloric fasting phase with a formula diet, this number decreased significantly and continued to decrease until the end of the program to 10/47 (21.3%). At baseline, 48.9% of the participants had impaired glucose metabolism, as defined by impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c, or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. This proportion reduced markedly to 31.9% by the end of the program. The proportion of advanced stages of liver fibrosis was especially high in the subgroup of participants with impaired glucose metabolism. This group particularly benefited from the lifestyle intervention program in terms of their NFS. The present study demonstrates that participants of structured multimodal lifestyle intervention programs with formula diets can significantly improve their metabolic parameters, such as body weight, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipids, and substantially reduce their risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Primary care providers must be aware of the close link between impaired glucose metabolism and increased liver-related risk and refer their metabolically ill patients to effective programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000094/pdfft?md5=d0db5d39dd0a04df7e9247992a31e4a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anemia is a widespread health issue that affects approximately one-third of women of reproductive age in developing countries. While anemia during pregnancy is adequately addressed, it is often overlooked postpartum. This study aimed to determine the compliance with and barriers to Iron-Folic Acid supplementation (IFA) and its associated factors.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. These women were interviewed to assess their compliance with and barriers to IFA supplementation.
Results
Only 20.80 % of participants complied with IFA supplementation after childbirth, compared to 56.8 % who were compliant during pregnancy. The primary reason for noncompliance with IFA supplementation was a lack of counseling (93.5 %) by healthcare workers, forgetfulness (23.6 %), and bloating (30.8 %). Other barriers included a lack of awareness, sociocultural barriers, healthcare-related barriers, side effects, and misconceptions. Postnatal women aged 19–35 with obstetrical complications and who maintained Mother Child Protection cards were more likely to comply with IFA supplements.
Conclusion
Poor compliance with IFA supplementation reflects gross negligence of self-health care during the postpartum period, which can have long-term deleterious consequences on the mother's and her baby's health. Healthcare providers must deliver quality education, screen and monitor for anemia, and follow up on IFA supplementation to address the barrier postnatal women face. This can be achieved through culturally acceptable, comprehensive, and context-specific strategies.
背景贫血是一个普遍的健康问题,影响着发展中国家约三分之一的育龄妇女。虽然孕期贫血问题已得到充分解决,但产后贫血问题却常常被忽视。本研究旨在确定补充铁-叶酸(IFA)的依从性和障碍及其相关因素。 研究方法 对 312 名符合纳入标准的产后妇女进行了横断面研究。结果只有 20.80% 的参与者在产后坚持补充叶酸,而在孕期坚持补充叶酸的比例为 56.8%。不补充 IFA 的主要原因是缺乏医护人员的指导(93.5%)、健忘(23.6%)和腹胀(30.8%)。其他障碍包括缺乏认识、社会文化障碍、医疗相关障碍、副作用和误解。有产科并发症且持有母婴保护卡的 19-35 岁产后妇女更有可能遵守补充 IFA 的规定。医护人员必须提供优质教育,筛查和监测贫血情况,并跟踪 IFA 补充情况,以解决产后妇女面临的障碍。这可以通过文化上可接受的、全面的和针对具体情况的策略来实现。
{"title":"Compliance with Iron-Folic Acid supplementation, associated factors, and barriers among postpartum women in Eastern India","authors":"Moonjelly Vijayan Smitha , Indumathi P , Saswati Parichha , Sandhya Kullu , Sanchari Roy , Sapana Gurjar , Sapna Meena","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anemia is a widespread health issue that affects approximately one-third of women of reproductive age in developing countries. While anemia during pregnancy is adequately addressed, it is often overlooked postpartum. This study aimed to determine the compliance with and barriers to Iron-Folic Acid supplementation (IFA) and its associated factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. These women were interviewed to assess their compliance with and barriers to IFA supplementation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only 20.80 % of participants complied with IFA supplementation after childbirth, compared to 56.8 % who were compliant during pregnancy. The primary reason for noncompliance with IFA supplementation was a lack of counseling (93.5 %) by healthcare workers, forgetfulness (23.6 %), and bloating (30.8 %). Other barriers included a lack of awareness, sociocultural barriers, healthcare-related barriers, side effects, and misconceptions. Postnatal women aged 19–35 with obstetrical complications and who maintained Mother Child Protection cards were more likely to comply with IFA supplements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Poor compliance with IFA supplementation reflects gross negligence of self-health care during the postpartum period, which can have long-term deleterious consequences on the mother's and her baby's health. Healthcare providers must deliver quality education, screen and monitor for anemia, and follow up on IFA supplementation to address the barrier postnatal women face. This can be achieved through culturally acceptable, comprehensive, and context-specific strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000543/pdfft?md5=a259b8e27b34079315e7ed954692dfbe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200236
Florence Malongane, Wendy N. Phoswa, Tendaiishe Berejena
Background
The association between the inflammatory markers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been widely reported. The epidemiology of T2DM shows a rapid increase in the disease in developing countries. African foods have the potential to reduce the inflammatory markers associated with T2DM. All the food groups in the African diet possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties, which are essential in controlling T2DM.
Objectives
This study sought to assess the role of indigenous African food groups in preventing and managing T2DM. It examined the anti-inflammatory properties of African food groups in relation to T2DM.
Material and methods
A narrative review assessed different African food groups' anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activities. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various scientific databases, which include PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and books. In vivo and in vitro studies were selected to analyse the effects of the African diet on inflammatory markers associated with T2DM. The review was conducted between February and October 2023.
Results
The African vegetables, cereals, tubers, insects and fermented foods reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a), Interleukin 1, (IL-1), Interleukin 6, (IL- 6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). The in vivo and in vitro studies revealed a significant content of α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitors in African foods. Inflammation reduction and increased antioxidants were also exhibited in different food groups. However, future studies are needed to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of African foods before and after processing.
Conclusion
The anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties predominantly exist in all African food groups. A substantial content of compounds identified demonstrated several effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antiglycation, anti-α-amylase, anti- α-glucosidase, anti-lipase, and anti-acetyl cholinesterase. These properties are essential in controlling the inflammatory markers linked to T2DM.
{"title":"The effect of indigenous African Diet on inflammatory markers linked to Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus","authors":"Florence Malongane, Wendy N. Phoswa, Tendaiishe Berejena","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The association between the inflammatory markers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been widely reported. The epidemiology of T2DM shows a rapid increase in the disease in developing countries. African foods have the potential to reduce the inflammatory markers associated with T2DM. All the food groups in the African diet possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties, which are essential in controlling T2DM.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study sought to assess the role of indigenous African food groups in preventing and managing T2DM. It examined the anti-inflammatory properties of African food groups in relation to T2DM.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A narrative review assessed different African food groups' anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activities. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various scientific databases, which include PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and books. In vivo and in vitro studies were selected to analyse the effects of the African diet on inflammatory markers associated with T2DM. The review was conducted between February and October 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The African vegetables, cereals, tubers, insects and fermented foods reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a), Interleukin 1, (IL-1), Interleukin 6, (IL- 6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). The in vivo and in vitro studies revealed a significant content of α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitors in African foods. Inflammation reduction and increased antioxidants were also exhibited in different food groups. However, future studies are needed to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of African foods before and after processing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties predominantly exist in all African food groups. A substantial content of compounds identified demonstrated several effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antiglycation, anti-α-amylase, anti- α-glucosidase, anti-lipase, and anti-acetyl cholinesterase. These properties are essential in controlling the inflammatory markers linked to T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000531/pdfft?md5=b44f03dc3ca651dec2358f3a91fae90f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000531-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200235
Mun Hong Joseph Cheah , Yit Siew Chin
Objective
University students are susceptible to hyperpalatable food consumption, which may contribute to the development of food addiction. However, there is limited research on food addiction among Malaysian university students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food addiction, as well as the factors that predicted food addiction symptoms among students in a selected local public university in Malaysia.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study whereby a total of 295 Malaysian university students were recruited from a selected local university. Participants were assessed through self-administered questionnaires and measured for their body compositions.
Results
Findings revealed that 15.9% of the university students were at risk of having food addiction, with an average of 3.21 ± 1.62 food addiction symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that binge eating (B = 0.086, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.071, p < 0.001), as well as high daily carbohydrate intake (B = 0.002, p = 0.004) significantly predicted food addiction symptoms (R2 = 0.346, F(3, 285) = 50.195, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Approximately one in five university students was at risk of food addiction. Moreover, higher levels of binge eating and anxiety, along with increased consumption of carbohydrates contributed to elevated food addiction symptoms. Effective intervention should be formulated based on the psychological and dietary aspects to tackle the food addiction problems among university students.
{"title":"Predictors of food addiction symptoms among Malaysian university students","authors":"Mun Hong Joseph Cheah , Yit Siew Chin","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>University students are susceptible to hyperpalatable food consumption, which may contribute to the development of food addiction. However, there is limited research on food addiction among Malaysian university students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food addiction, as well as the factors that predicted food addiction symptoms among students in a selected local public university in Malaysia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a cross-sectional study whereby a total of 295 Malaysian university students were recruited from a selected local university. Participants were assessed through self-administered questionnaires and measured for their body compositions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings revealed that 15.9% of the university students were at risk of having food addiction, with an average of 3.21 ± 1.62 food addiction symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that binge eating (B = 0.086, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.071, p < 0.001), as well as high daily carbohydrate intake (B = 0.002, p = 0.004) significantly predicted food addiction symptoms (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.346, F(3, 285) = 50.195, p < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Approximately one in five university students was at risk of food addiction. Moreover, higher levels of binge eating and anxiety, along with increased consumption of carbohydrates contributed to elevated food addiction symptoms. Effective intervention should be formulated based on the psychological and dietary aspects to tackle the food addiction problems among university students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266614972300052X/pdfft?md5=759e77b1046dd00be4b3f4790fdb155f&pid=1-s2.0-S266614972300052X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200234
Farhad Vahid , Diana Rahmani
Background
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in cataracts' causal network. In this study, we used the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) to comprehensively examine the nutritional status related to inflammation and oxidative stress and investigate their association with the odds of cataracts. We hypothesize that higher DII scores (a pro-inflammatory diet) and lower DAI (a pro-oxidant diet) are associated with related serum biomarkers and increase the odds of cataracts.
Methods
The study included 263 patients with cataracts and 326 healthy controls. A valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the participants' dietary intake over the past year. DII and DAI were calculated based on FFQ, and blood/serum indicators, e.g., hs-CRP, TNF-a, etc., were extracted from patients' records.
Results
Based on the multivariable linear regression models, there was a significant association between DII and hs-CRP (Beta = 0.095, CI95 %: 0.001–0.189) and between DAI and TNF-a (Beta = 0.494, CI95 %: 0.121–0.866) and LDL-C (Beta = 1.037, CI95 %: 0.159–1.915). In addition, in logistic regression models, after adjusting for multiple confounders, there was a significant association between DII (continuous variable) (OR = 1.27, CI95 %: 1.08–1.50) and DAI (continuous variable) (OR = 0.93, CI95 %: 0.87–0.99) and odds of cataracts.
Conclusion
This study confirms the association between pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant diets, as indicated by higher DII scores and lower DAI, with serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Our study supports the notion that dietary interventions targeting inflammation and oxidative stress may have a potential role in preventing or delaying the onset of cataracts.
{"title":"Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant diets are associated with increased odds of cataracts and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: Hospital-based case-control study","authors":"Farhad Vahid , Diana Rahmani","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in cataracts' causal network. In this study, we used the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) to comprehensively examine the nutritional status related to inflammation and oxidative stress and investigate their association with the odds of cataracts. We hypothesize that higher DII scores (a pro-inflammatory diet) and lower DAI (a pro-oxidant diet) are associated with related serum biomarkers and increase the odds of cataracts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study included 263 patients with cataracts and 326 healthy controls. A valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the participants' dietary intake over the past year. DII and DAI were calculated based on FFQ, and blood/serum indicators, e.g., hs-CRP, TNF-a, etc., were extracted from patients' records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on the multivariable linear regression models, there was a significant association between DII and hs-CRP (Beta = 0.095, CI95 %: 0.001–0.189) and between DAI and TNF-a (Beta = 0.494, CI95 %: 0.121–0.866) and LDL-C (Beta = 1.037, CI95 %: 0.159–1.915). In addition, in logistic regression models, after adjusting for multiple confounders, there was a significant association between DII (continuous variable) (OR = 1.27, CI95 %: 1.08–1.50) and DAI (continuous variable) (OR = 0.93, CI95 %: 0.87–0.99) and odds of cataracts.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study confirms the association between pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant diets, as indicated by higher DII scores and lower DAI, with serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Our study supports the notion that dietary interventions targeting inflammation and oxidative stress may have a potential role in preventing or delaying the onset of cataracts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000518/pdfft?md5=2d83382e59513f1ebecf508f7fdcf602&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138838878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200233
Georgina Noel Marchiori , Elio Andrés Soria , María Eugenia Pasqualini , María Alejandra Celi , María Daniela Defagó
Background
Cardiovascular risk is modifiable by changes in lifestyle and pharmacological management, with hypertension being a common pathology worldwide. Its treatment must address multiple metabolic targets. Based on the hypothesis that certain antihypertensive medications, such as the commonly used enalapril and losartan, and dietary habits improve hypertension-related changes in carotid structure and cardiometabolic variables, this work aimed to associate these drugs, as well as the Mediterranean diet adherence and non-modifiable biological factors, with changes in carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT] and blood lipids.
Methods
Sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical and lifestyle data were collected in a cross-sectional study of 313 subjects under survey due to cardiovascular risk factors, aged 34–83 years (Cordoba, Argentina). Generalised structural equation models were used for analysis.
Results
A higher cIMT with age and male sex was confirmed. Women had lower triacylglycerols and saturated fatty acids in serum but higher circulating levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol than men. Also, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower triacylglycerols, but higher levels of HDL-C cholesterol and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in serum. A greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not affect cIMT. Enalapril was associated with increased serum ω-3 PUFAs levels, but it did not affect other lipid fractions. Moreover, enalapril may control cIMT, whereas losartan may not.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that the Mediterranean diet and enalapril are associated with a cardioprotective circulating lipid profile in hypertension. Concerning this, enalapril potentially promotes serum ω-3 PUFAs levels beyond its classical antihypertensive effect, which encourages future clinical studies to confirm it.
{"title":"Age, sex, antihypertensive drugs and the Mediterranean diet on hypertension-related biomarkers: Impact on carotid structure and blood lipids in an Argentinian cross-sectional study","authors":"Georgina Noel Marchiori , Elio Andrés Soria , María Eugenia Pasqualini , María Alejandra Celi , María Daniela Defagó","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiovascular risk is modifiable by changes in lifestyle and pharmacological management, with hypertension being a common pathology worldwide. Its treatment must address multiple metabolic targets. Based on the hypothesis that certain antihypertensive medications, such as the commonly used enalapril and losartan, and dietary habits improve hypertension-related changes in carotid structure and cardiometabolic variables, this work aimed to associate these drugs, as well as the Mediterranean diet adherence and non-modifiable biological factors, with changes in carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT] and blood lipids.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical and lifestyle data were collected in a cross-sectional study of 313 subjects under survey due to cardiovascular risk factors, aged 34–83 years (Cordoba, Argentina). Generalised structural equation models were used for analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A higher cIMT with age and male sex was confirmed. Women had lower triacylglycerols and saturated fatty acids in serum but higher circulating levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol than men. Also, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower triacylglycerols, but higher levels of HDL-C cholesterol and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in serum. A greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not affect cIMT. Enalapril was associated with increased serum ω-3 PUFAs levels, but it did not affect other lipid fractions. Moreover, enalapril may control cIMT, whereas losartan may not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data demonstrate that the Mediterranean diet and enalapril are associated with a cardioprotective circulating lipid profile in hypertension. Concerning this, enalapril potentially promotes serum ω-3 PUFAs levels beyond its classical antihypertensive effect, which encourages future clinical studies to confirm it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000506/pdfft?md5=6f96649bfede5f928b4e7ca455d447ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138738977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200231
Samer Younes
Among the most primal of senses (approximately 25), the sense of taste in humans is able to distill down to the basic 5 taste qualities of sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, or savory. The sensation commonly known as taste is in fact a fusion of both smell and taste. The technical term for this amalgamation of sensory experiences while consuming food and beverages is referred to as taste. The term “taste” is intended to be limited to the perceived result of stimulating taste receptor cells on the surface of the tongue. This sense of taste is similar to the sense of smell in that the stimuli chemically interact with the receptors during the encoding process. Spices must dissolve in saliva to interact with taste receptors. Saliva then holds the dissolved chemicals near clusters of receptor cells called taste buds. Without saliva, the performance of the taste buds declines rapidly. The chemical taste receptors are hidden in “bumps” (called papillae) that cover the surface of the tongue. Vitamins are known to generate bitterness, which may contribute to an off-taste or aftertaste for some nutritional supplements. In humans, bitter taste detection is mediated by 25 G-protein-coupled receptors belonging to the TAS2R family.In the following review, analysis will be made of the relationship, including possible regulatory activity, of certain nutrients (namely, vitamin E, A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, B12, Zn, and alpha-lepoic acid) to the already discussed pathways involved in the sense of taste.
{"title":"The impact of micronutrients on the sense of taste","authors":"Samer Younes","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the most primal of senses (approximately 25), the sense of taste in humans is able to distill down to the basic 5 taste qualities of sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, or savory. The sensation commonly known as taste is in fact a fusion of both smell and taste. The technical term for this amalgamation of sensory experiences while consuming food and beverages is referred to as taste. The term “taste” is intended to be limited to the perceived result of stimulating taste receptor cells on the surface of the tongue. This sense of taste is similar to the sense of smell in that the stimuli chemically interact with the receptors during the encoding process. Spices must dissolve in saliva to interact with taste receptors. Saliva then holds the dissolved chemicals near clusters of receptor cells called taste buds. Without saliva, the performance of the taste buds declines rapidly. The chemical taste receptors are hidden in “bumps” (called papillae) that cover the surface of the tongue. Vitamins are known to generate bitterness, which may contribute to an off-taste or aftertaste for some nutritional supplements. In humans, bitter taste detection is mediated by 25 G-protein-coupled receptors belonging to the TAS2R family.In the following review, analysis will be made of the relationship, including possible regulatory activity, of certain nutrients (namely, vitamin E, A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, B12, Zn, and alpha-lepoic acid) to the already discussed pathways involved in the sense of taste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 200231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000488/pdfft?md5=99854d00ac0259d109c4bd619b65ac44&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000488-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}