Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"A starch- and sucrose-reduced diet leads to a more favorable nutrient profile than low FODMAP in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Noor Al-Shiblawi ,&nbsp;Kristina Cullman ,&nbsp;Bodil Roth ,&nbsp;Therese Liljebo ,&nbsp;Stine Störsrud ,&nbsp;Bodil Ohlsson","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) and a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) both alleviate symptoms in IBS. Our hypothesis was that restrictive diets may preserve good nutritional supply. The aims of the study were to compare nutritional intake between SSRD and low FODMAP, and correlations between changes in nutrient intake, weight, and symptoms. This open, non-inferiority trial included patients with IBS according to Rome IV for a 4-week dietary intervention. Patients completed a 3-day food diary, study questionnaire, Rome IV questionnaire, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS) at baseline, after 4 weeks of either SSRD or low FODMAP, and at a 6-month follow-up. Daily intake of nutrients was calculated. In total, 155 patients (84 % women), 42 (32–55) years, weight 69.2 (63.0–82.9) kg, were included; 77 randomized to SSRD and 78 to low FODMAP diet. After 4 weeks, both SSRD and low FODMAP reduced symptoms, weight, and intake of calories, carbohydrates, sucrose, and monosaccharides, while vitamin D and B12 intake were increased. SSRD uniquely reduced added sugar, disaccharides, starch, and sodium chloride intake, while increasing protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. In contrast, low FODMAP reduced intakes in fiber and several vitamins and minerals after 4 weeks and follow-up. The reductions of galacto-oligosaccharides and fructan were most pronounced in SSRD (p &lt; 0.001). These findings highlight the SSRD's potential for broader health benefits and a more nutritionally balanced approach with higher nutrient density compared to the low FODMAP diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of bioavailability of folic acid and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate on baseline red blood cell folate concentrations in infants","authors":"Rima Obeid ,&nbsp;Ines Warnke ,&nbsp;Christina Hecht ,&nbsp;Barbara Troesch ,&nbsp;Luisa Barbanti ,&nbsp;Matteo Tanadini ,&nbsp;Berthold Koletzko ,&nbsp;on behalf of the MEFOLIN Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Folate bioavailability may depend on folate status of an individual and the form of folate presents in foods.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We studied whether changes of red blood cell (RBC)-folate concentrations following dietary intervention with folic acid or the calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF-Ca) depend on baseline RBC-folate and differ by the folate form provided.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 167 infants randomized to infant formula with either 15.2 μg folic acid or 15.8 μg 5-MTHF-Ca per 100 kcal from &lt;1 month of age (baseline visit) until age 16 weeks (visit 4). Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) were used to study whether the changes in RBC-folate concentrations between baseline visit and visit 4 (study outcome) depend on the intervention (folic acid or 5-MTHF-Ca), length of the intervention and a smooth effect of baseline RBC-folate concentrations for each intervention group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GAM base model showed that the change of RBC-folate was higher in infants with lower baseline RBC-folate concentrations. This model explained 42 % of the deviance in the data. For the group that received folic acid, this effect was estimated to be linear (effective degrees of freedom = 1). In the group receiving 5-MTHF-Ca, the effect of baseline RBC-folate on the change of RBC-folate was non-linear. The smooth effect of baseline RBC-folate on the change of RBC-folate concentrations differed between the intervention groups (p = 0.002). In infants with higher baseline RBC-folate concentrations, the change of RBC-folate concentration is systematically higher in the 5-MTHF-Ca group than in the folic acid group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The bioavailability of folic acid and 5-MTHF-Ca shows physiological decline when baseline RBC-folate is high. The reduction of the bioavailability is more pronounced after folic acid intake. The results may impact infant's intake recommendations from different folate forms. The molecular mechanisms behind these results deserve further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pantothenic acid plays an important role in reducing body weight","authors":"Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Niu ,&nbsp;Rong Yu ,&nbsp;Qing Qi ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Fuqian Zhao ,&nbsp;Lianxing Li ,&nbsp;Daofu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200336","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation. Strategies to effectively curb the prevalence of obesity have always garnered significant attention. If reducing fat can be achieved by altering the content of certain nutrients in the diet, it would not only be simple and convenient but also alleviate the economic burden.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Four-week-old ICR mice were divided into two groups: a Normal diet group and a High-fat diet group. The weight changes of the mice were observed. Feces from obese mice were collected, and blood cultures and MacConkey medium were used to observe and isolate bacterial changes. Bacteria were preliminarily identified using Gram staining, mass spectrometry, and biochemical culture. Differential bacteria were administered by gavage, and changes in mouse weight and abdominal fat were observed. Whole genome sequencing was employed to further identify the types of bacteria. The relationship between triglycerides and total cholesterol in the Body Mass Index of different genders was retrospectively analyzed. Feces were collected, and the number of &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; with different Body Mass Indices was detected using PCR. Metabolomics was utilized to identify differential metabolites in bacterial culture supernatants. The effects of pantothenic acid on the weight and abdominal fat of BALB/c mice of different genders on a normal diet and a high-fat diet were observed. Transcriptomics was used to identify differential genes in mouse liver and analyze their association with immune cells. Macrophages were eliminated to observe the effect of a high-fat diet on adipogenesis. The Lip-MC method was used to screen proteins in the liver that may bind to pantothenic acid, and these were cross-linked with the upregulated genes of RAW264.7 after pantothenic acid administration. The molecular docking method was used to analyze the binding of pantothenic acid and orlistat to the target protein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Obesity can lead to changes in the diversity of intestinal flora. Certain bacteria in the intestine can reduce fat formation, and the most likely candidate identified is &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;. The population of &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; in obese individuals significantly increases. Triglycerides and total cholesterol levels rise significantly when the Body Mass Index (BMI) is ≥ 24, with no gender difference observed. &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; can produce a significant amount of pantothenic acid, which can markedly decrease abdominal fat formation. Liver macrophages play a crucial role in abdominal fat formation. Pm20d1 in macrophages may interact with pantothenic acid to influence liver fat metabolism (see flow chart).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Consumption of pantothenic acid can lead to a substantial decrease in body weight among female mice that have been on a high-fat diet. Concurrently, it also notably lowers the body fat perce","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of elevated TyG level with plant-based diets in the context of imbalanced dietary pattern","authors":"Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Zongkai Li ,&nbsp;Hui Jing ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Lin ,&nbsp;Samuel Chacha ,&nbsp;Jie Lin ,&nbsp;Yijun Kang ,&nbsp;Duolao Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Yan ,&nbsp;Shaonong Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The health impact of plant-based diets under imbalanced conditions remains unclear. We investigated the association of plant-based diet with Triglyceride-glucose index(TyG) among Chinese population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in northwest China. Dietary data collected with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to establish three indices: plant-based diet index(PDI), healthy plant-based diet index(hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index(uPDI). A new index was introduced to represent ratio of animal-based to plant-based food intake(RAP and healthy RAP). The relationships between each plant-based diet index and TyG was assessed with logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 75 % of participants adhered to a diet with higher intake of plant-based foods. Females consumed more plant-based foods and fewer animal-based foods than their male counterparts. Among females, those in Q4 of PDI(OR = 1.25,95 %CI:0.97–1.62) and hPDI(OR = 1.55,95 %CI:1.19–2.03) faced an increased risk of higher TyG compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant association between higher TyG levels and the PDI was observed, except hPDI for males. In females with RAP in Q4, the risk of elevated TyG decreased by 25 %(OR = 0.75,95 %CI:0.60–0.95) compared to those with RAP in Q1, with a more pronounced effect noted among females with RAP values less than one. A similar trend was observed for hRAP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People in Northern China often consume plant-based foods, and adherence to a plant-based diet is associated with risk of elevated TyG levels. Conversely, a higher consumption of animal-based foods may mitigate this risk among women, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and systemic immune-inflammation biomarkers in US Adults: Cross-Sectional results from NHANES 2003–2023","authors":"Ting Tian ,&nbsp;Tongtong Hong ,&nbsp;Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Xiaoke Wang ,&nbsp;Leqi Qian ,&nbsp;Sihan Deng ,&nbsp;Haibo Jin ,&nbsp;Mingjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingyi Fan ,&nbsp;Yuancheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited studies have directly linked ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption to immunity. This study investigated the association between UPFs intake and systemic immune-inflammation biomarkers in US adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 34,016 participants from NHANES (2003–2023). Biomarkers related to complete blood cells and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), lymphocyte-to-HDL ratio (LHR), monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), and platelet-to-HDL ratio (PHR). The percentage of energy from UPFs (%Kcal) was determined. Weighted linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between UPFs intake and these biomarkers. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed to verify the consistency of the results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean %Kcal UPFs was 48.82 % with the standard deviation (SD) of 19.05 %. Crude and adjusted models confirmed positive correlations between UPFs consumption and biomarkers. After adjusting for various confounders, per SD increase in %Kcal UPFs was significantly associated with the increases of 12.595 in SII, 0.027 in SIRI, 0.035 in NLR, 0.148 in NHR, 0.044 in LHR, 5.980 in PHR, and 0.014 in MHR (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). No significant associations were observed for PLR and LMR. Consistent positive results were found in quartile analysis and sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analysis revealed that alcohol and tobacco use may interact with UPFs intake to affect HDL-based biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High UPFs intake was associated with elevated levels of immune-inflammation biomarkers in the general healthy population, highlighting the need to promote natural dietary patterns and reduce UPFs consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors during COVID-19 pandemic in the capital of Bangladesh” [Human Nutr. Metabol. 38 (2024) 200289]","authors":"Urmilla Roy ,&nbsp;Arafat Hassan Razon ,&nbsp;Tanvir Ahamad ,&nbsp;Tabassum Sultana Barsha","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates phthalate exposure during pregnancy: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Shouling Luo ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Pei ,&nbsp;Haiyan Liu ,&nbsp;Weirong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the potential association between vitamin D levels and phthalate (PAEs) metabolism in pregnant women. Data from 372 pregnant women, collected over six cycles (2007–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), were analyzed. Urinary phthalate metabolites were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), while serum 1,25(OH)₂D₃ levels were measured through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A range of statistical methods, including Spearman correlation analysis, linear regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed significant differences in educational level, family income, hypertension status, and total phthalate salt levels between pregnant women with and without vitamin D deficiency. Specifically, CNP, COP, ECP, MHH, and MHP exhibited significant negative correlations with vitamin D levels in these women. Furthermore, BKMR analysis demonstrated an overall positive correlation between urinary phthalate salts and vitamin D deficiency in the blood of pregnant women. This research offers new insights into the relationship between vitamin D and PAEs in pregnant women, potentially contributing to strategies aimed at reducing phthalate accumulation and enhancing pregnancy health guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of probiotic (Clostridium butyricum) on adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a retrospective cohort study from TriNetX","authors":"Kuo-Hsiung Shu ,&nbsp;Yun-Chien Tsai ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsu Chen ,&nbsp;Shang-Feng Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous research on probiotics has mainly focused on eczema in infants and pregnant women, with limited benefits observed in adults. Miyarisan, a probiotic known for supporting gut barrier function, has not been extensively studied for its effects on eczema in adult populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the TriNetX global network (2014–2024) to compare Miyarisan users with non-users among eczema or dermatitis patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) reduced bias, and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and Kaplan-Meier curves assessed skin outcomes based on the SCORAD index. Subgroup analyses explored variations by sex, age, and medication refill frequency, with a sensitivity analysis focusing on atopic dermatitis patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following 1:1 PS M, the study analyzed 1600 cases in each group (Miyarisan users and non-users) without difference between baseline variables. The incidence of itching (HR = 0.372, 95 % CI: 0.287–0.481, p &lt; 0.001), redness (HR = 0.065, 95 % CI: 0.040–0.108, p &lt; 0.001), dryness (HR = 0.358, 95 % CI: 0.285–0.449, p &lt; 0.001), swelling (HR = 0.164, 95 % CI: 0.101–0.265, p &lt; 0.001), scratching (HR = 0.426, 95 % CI: 0.296–0.612, p &lt; 0.001), and thickening (HR = 0.325, 95 % CI: 0.225–0.467, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly lower in the Miyarisan group compared to the non-Miyarisan group. These benefits were consistent across different gender and age subgroups. According to individual SCORAD measures, reduced skin redness was consistently observed across all subgroups. When focusing on atopic dermatitis, Miyarisan users also showed a lower risk of adverse skin outcomes, similar to patients with eczema or dermatitis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Miyarisan use in adults may reduce the recurrence of eczema or dermatitis, with consistent benefits across both sex and age groups. These findings are also observed in patients with atopic dermatitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the mediterranean diet and risk of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients","authors":"Caterina Formichi ,&nbsp;Sonia Caprio ,&nbsp;Stefano Auddino ,&nbsp;Felicia Rizza ,&nbsp;Barbara Paolini ,&nbsp;Laura Nigi ,&nbsp;Francesco Dotta","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Lifestyle intervention, aimed at weight loss and increasing physical activity, is widely known as the first-line treatment in diabetes. Adherence to a medical nutritional therapy (MNT) is even more relevant in patients on insulin therapy. However, data on the relationship between diet composition and glycemic control indexes derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are scarce and inconsistent. Our aim was to evaluate the association between adherence do Mediterranean diet (MD) and CGM metrics in a cohort of T2D patients treated with insulin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>We retrospectively collected data of 25 patients with T2D on insulin therapy, at the Diabetes Unit of University Hospital in Siena. They were prescribed a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system and accepted to answer the MEDLIFE questionnaire, a validated tool designed to explore the adherence to MD. Adherence to MD did not seem to influence glycemic control indexes in our cohort. It is worth mentioning that the risk of hypoglycemia and time spent in hypoglycemia was found to be highly influenced by alcohol consumption, even in minimal amounts (according to national guideline recommendations).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nutritional counselling for patients with insulin-treated T2DM should include a focus on alcohol consumption – ideally to be avoided - and related hypoglycemic risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of liraglutide on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in infertile women with PCOS: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Rossella Cannarella ,&nbsp;Aldo E. Calogero ,&nbsp;Federica Barbagallo ,&nbsp;Cristina Petralia ,&nbsp;Antonio Aversa ,&nbsp;Rosita A. Condorelli ,&nbsp;Sandro La Vignera","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To prospectively evaluate the effects of the administration of liraglutide plus calorie deprivation, metformin plus calorie deprivation, or calorie deprivation alone on hirsutism, metabolic profile, and ovarian reserve in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This is a prospective observational study conducted on 80 insulin-resistant and infertile PCOS women. Enrolled patients received liraglutide (Saxenda®) + calorie deprivation (Group 1, n = 50), metformin + calorie deprivation (Group 2, n = 15), or calorie deprivation only (Group 3, n = 15). Endpoints were assessed in all patients before and after 120 days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the end of treatment, BMI was significantly reduced in all groups, while the HOMA index decreased statistically significantly only in groups 1 and 2. Hormonal evaluation showed that serum SHBG and progesterone levels increased significantly in all three groups, while AMH levels significantly decreased in groups 1 and 3. Finally, the Ferriman-Gallwey score improved significantly in all groups. Percentage of decrease vs. baseline in BMI, HOMA index, AMH, Ferriman-Gallway score, and of increase in SHBG were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 and Group 3. The percentage of increase in progesterone in Group 1 and Group 2 was higher than in Group 3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results support the use of liraglutide in insulin-resistant and infertile women with PCOS. The improvement in AMH and progesterone following liraglutide administration could be clinically useful in preparation for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation if patients with PCOS need to resort to an assisted reproductive technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}