Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

Aims

To assess clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes during Ramadan fasting.

Patients and method

It was a prospective evaluative study based in the National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis (Departement C) in a population of patients with diabetes prepared for fasting by education and therapeutic adjustment.

Results

140 diabetics, mainly at high and very high risk (70.7 %), were analyzed. The frequencies of hypo and hyperglycemia were 12.1 and 11.4 % respectively. The mean weight and the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained stable. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1C decreased significantly (−0.7 ± 3.1 mmol/L (p = 0.009), −0.18 ± 1.1 % (p = 0.047). The mean creatinine clearance had remained stable.

Conclusion

Ramadan fasting can be well-tolerated, even for patients at high and very high risk, with an improvement in glycemic control, provided prior education and adequate therapeutic adjustment.

Objective

In recent decades, the possible synergistic power of nutrients in the form of dietary patterns has received attention in preventing diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between plant-rich Mediterranean (MeDi) and MIND [MeDi-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay] dietary patterns with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Sixty patients with AD and 29 healthy individuals were recruited. The cognitive functioning of the patients was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. Participants’ food intake was evaluated using the three nonconsecutive days 24-h food recall method, and then MeDi and MIND dietary scores were calculated.

Results

Patients with AD had lower MIND diet scores than healthy subjects (p = 0.06), but the MeDi score did not significantly differ between the two groups. MIND and MeDi scores did not significantly differ between males and females. Each unit increase in MIND diet score was significantly correlated with a 40 % reduced risk of AD, and each unit increase in MeDi score was non-significantly correlated with a 14 % reduced risk of AD. Scores of MIND and MeDi patterns did not remarkably correlate with MMSE total score and cognitive domains.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest the promising affirmative effects of the MIND diet on reducing the risk of AD, but the protective effect of the MeDi pattern against the AD risk remains inconclusive.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a frequent complication of metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity, is characterized by marked accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, accompanied by oxidant stress. In a substantial minority of cases, this progresses to steatohepatitis, which in turn can lead to life-threatening hepatic fibrosis and/or hepatocarcinogenesis. This essay analyzes the molecular biology underlying fat accumulation and oxidant stress in NAFLD and identifies targets that can be addressed by nutraceutical or dietary measures. Nutraceuticals with potential for prevention or control of NAFLD as suggested on theoretical grounds, and borne out by experience in rodent studies and/or clinical trials include ferulic acid, melatonin, methyl nicotinamide, tetrahydro curcumin, nicotinamide riboside, carnosic acid, urolithin A, quercetin, high-dose biotin, citrulline, astaxanthin, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, berberine, lipoic acid, silibinin, N-acetylcysteine, taurine, capsaicin, spermidine, spirulina, and carnitine. Some of these agents can also address the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and transforming growth factor-β signaling that play a role in driving the transition to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. In addition, soy isoflavones, via estrogen receptor-beta agonism, have anti-fibrotic potential, and supplemental glycine may blunt the contribution of Kupffer cells to the progression of NAFLD.

Methods

The research articles to carry out this work were focused based on many searches and reviews in the following databases: Google Scholar, MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect and using the following keywords and combined synonyms: ("nutraceuticals" or " dietary measures " or " Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) " or "Nrf2″ or "Vegan diet”) AND (“NAFLD” or “vascular function” or “inflammation”). The keywords were also searched in the references of the original articles included in this study Whole-food plant-based diets of modest protein content, owing to their impact on hormones such as fibroblast growth factor 21 and adiponectin, as well as on the obesity and metabolic syndrome underlying NAFLD, may also be protective in this syndrome. There is considerable potential for complex medical foods or nutraceutical supplementation regimens of rational design to aid prevention and control of NAFLD.

Overweight and obesity are major worldwide health concerns, with serious consequences for mortality and morbidity. Overweight and obesity rates are frighteningly high in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria and Ethiopia, due to a variety of causes such as urbanization, greater affluence, and bad food habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among people in Jigjiga Town, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia, as well as to investigate related factors in order to inform treatments and policy. A cross-sectional survey was done among persons aged 20 to 64 working in the government, non-governmental, and commercial sectors. Socio-demographic information, food habits, physical activity, and anthropometric measures were all recorded. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was shown to be 42.4 %, with significant correlations identified with profession and TV viewing habits. Employed people were less likely to be overweight or obese than those in commerce/trade, and those who watched TV for 2–3 h had a reduced risk than those who watched less than 2 h. The study found that khat chewing is significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, with chewers being 1.56 times more likely to be overweight or obese compared to non-chewers. Additionally, there is an inverse relationship between snacking frequency and overweight/obesity risk; participants who snacked once a day were 2.5 times more likely to be overweight or obese than those who snacked three or more times a day. These findings highlight that khat chewing and snacking patterns are important modifiable risk factors for overweight and obesity in the studied population. These findings highlight the need of focused treatments targeting food choices, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in combating overweight and obesity in Eastern Ethiopia. Collaboration among academics, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and community stakeholders is critical for developing successful methods for promoting healthy lifestyles and lowering the region's overweight and obesity burden.

Beckground

Menstruating young women experience twice as much iron loss as young men. One alternative effort that can be made is to provide functional drinks that are useful for overcoming anemia. Functional beverages must provide nutritional intake and sensory satisfaction, such as good taste and good texture, using sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea Batatas L). Sweet potato leaves are chosen as raw material because, besides being abundantly available and accessible to cultivate, they are also very cheap, so that they can reduce production costs. Pancalang Health Center is one of the Health Centers in the Kuningan Regency Area with reasonably high sweet potato cultivation.

Aims

This study aims to determine the level of compliance with functional drink consumption, determine hemoglobin levels before and after functional drink intervention, describe anemia status before and after functional drink intervention, describe the effects of functional drink consumption, and nutritional status picture before and after consuming functional drink products.

Research methode

The study was conducted by quasi-experiment in one group (nonrandomized pre-test and post-test without control group design). Purposive sampling was carried out by Purposive Sampling on adolescents at the Pancalang Health Center, Kuningan Regency. Data collection was done by checking HB levels before the intervention and after the intervention. The intervention is carried out for 52 days.

Results

and Conclussion: The majority of respondents were compliant in consuming functional drinks, and only 7.5 % were non-compliant. The median before the intervention is 11 and after the intervention is 12 and a p value of <0,001 is obtained, meaning that statistically there is a significant difference between HB before the intervention and after the intervention.

Contribution

There was a significant difference between Hb levels before the intervention and after the intervention, obtaining a p-value of <0.001.

Background

Accurate and reliable anthropometric measurements in children with neurological impairments who are not able or not suitable for conventional anthropometric measuring techniques can be challenging and potentially leading to misinterpretation of their nutritional status. Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE) is proven useful in providing supportive evidence to malnutrition. This study investigated the use of NFPE to identify malnutrition among children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP), in comparison to AND/ASPEN Pediatric Malnutrition Identification Criteria as the reference method.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 31 children with DS and 20 children with CP aged between 4 and 15 years old. Nutrition-focused physical findings (fat loss, muscle wasting, abnormality observations on hair, eyes, oral cavity, skin, and nails), weight, height, mid upper arm circumference, and dietary intake were collected. The malnutrition status of children was determined using NFPE and AND/ASPEN criteria, respectively. Weighted Kappa agreement and diagnostic values were analyzed between these two criteria. Chi-square test examined the association between oral cavity abnormalities and the nutritional status identified by the AND/ASPEN criteria and NFPE. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Findings reported a significant and fair agreement between the two criterions for children with DS (k = 0.367, p = 0.018). NFPE offers a sensitivity of 81.3 % and a specificity of 60.0 % for children with DS when compared with the AND/ASPEN criteria as the reference method. Similarly, for children with CP, NFPE recorded a significant and moderate agreement (k = 0.503, p < 0.001) with AND/ASPEN criteria where NFPE offers a sensitivity of 90.9 % and a specificity of 22.2 %. Children with oral cavity abnormality were significantly associated with malnutrition defined by NFPE.

Conclusions

NFPE serves as a supplementary assessment method to identify malnutrition in children with DS with altered body composition and CP with neuromuscular impairment.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases and poses significant challenges for the healthcare sector and the community. Distress in patients with T2DM leads to severe physical and mental consequences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between distress and the nutritional status of T2DM patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 203 T2DM patients at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from October to December 2022. Of the participants, 54.2 % were female with an average age of 62.1 (±12.4). The waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly different between genders (p < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was high at 46.7 %, with females having a 2.3 times higher WC and a 1.5 times higher WHR compared to males. The study identified several factors related to the nutritional status and distress in T2DM patients, including age, gender, residence, family history of T2DM, lifestyle habits, and nutritional status (p < 0.05). Early and comprehensive evaluation of T2DM patients is essential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Background and aim

Findings on the effects of propolis supplementation on the lipid profile in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders are conflicting. The current comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evidence in this regard.

Methods

Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of propolis supplementation on lipid profile in adults with MetS and related disorders. The data was pooled using a random-effects model and is presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).

Results

Ten RCTs involving a total of 683 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results revealed that propolis supplementation led to a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (WMD: −7.97 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −13.11 to −2.83, P = 0.002; I² = 69.9 %) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD: 2.85 mg/dL, 95 % CI: 0.41 to 5.28, P = 0.02; I² = 82.2 %). However, there was no significant impact on triglyceride (WMD: −9.12 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −22.84 to 4.59, P = 0.19; I² = 0.0 %) and total cholesterol levels (WMD: 0.69 mg/dL; 95 % CI: −4.79 to 6.18, P = 0.80; I² = 81.9 %).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggests that propolis supplementation improves serum LDL-C and HDL-C levels, which could delay the progression of heart disease. However, these results were based on limited RCTs, and further clinical trials are needed to exclusively study the effects of propolis on individuals with dyslipidemia to confirm our findings.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2022, nearly 8 in 10 individuals who suffered from a stroke showed a history of hypertension, and over 60 % of those with Diabetes have hypertension with high triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, bad cholesterol). Both high LDL and Diabetes double the threat of CVD incidence, with the probability of all the previous risk factors being higher in adults who are overweight and obese. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is critical to developing metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The elaboration of the mechanisms by which n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids operate and convert to the essential fatty acids in the body will allow us to clearly understand the significance of the optimum ratio of the two. According to research, the human body can maintain optimum health with an intake ratio of n-6/n-3 of 5:1; however, the current ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA intake is 20:1 in the Western diet. As the intake of n-6 PUFA heavy diet increases, we notice an incline in the incidence rate of metabolic syndromes through activating the inflammatory pathways. Omega 6 and omega 3 compete for the same enzyme binding site, and depending on which is bound, the resulting essential fatty acid signals a cascade of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors. This review discusses the importance of the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in preventing, developing, and progressing cardiovascular disease.

Purpose

Hyperuricemia is a significant health concern worldwide. It is important to identify pregnant women who may be at risk to enhance pregnancy care. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and identify some factors associated with hyperuricemia among Vietnamese pregnant women.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 340 pregnant women were enrolled from May 2021 to December 2021. Demographic information, anthropometric data, and food frequency consumption (within 1 month before delivery) were collected from the participants. In addition, the biochemical indices of the participants were collected from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was deployed to identify associated factors (p < 0.05).

Results

The prevalence of hyperuricemia was estimated at 20.3 %. Factors associated with hyperuricemia risk among Vietnamese pregnant women include eating red meat (aOR: 2.3), eating animal organs (aOR: 2.5), not meeting vegetable recommendations (aOR: 6.7), hyper-total cholesterol (aOR: 2.4), disease during pregnancy (aOR: 3.5) and gestational weight gain below recommendations (aOR: 0.2).

Conclusions

The prevalence of hyperuricemia among pregnant women was relatively high at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Consuming red meat and animal organs, not meeting vegetable recommendations, having high total cholesterol, and experiencing pregnancy-related diseases are the major factors associated with higher rates of hyperuricemia in this study.