Pub Date : 2025-04-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200316
Niloufar Abdollahpour , Najmeh Seifi , Mina Nosrati , Habibollah Esmaily , Pardis mohammadyfard , Mahsa Amarlou , Ali Ebrahimi Dabagh , Gordon A. Ferns , Maryam Alinezhad-Namaghi , Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Background
The global rise of adiposity has increased interest in novel dietary approaches such as 5:2 intermittent fasting (IF) for health management. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 12-week 5:2 IF on both traditional and novel body composition metrics in individuals with overweight and obesity.
Methods
Data for this12-week longitudinal cohort study was extracted from the electronic database of the Iranian National Obesity Registry (IRNOR). According to data provided by IRNOR, adults with overweight or obesity were compared based on adherence to either 5:2 IF or a daily calorie restriction (CR) program. The 5:2 IF group consumed 500–600 kcal on fasting days and an isocaloric diet on non-fasting days, while the CR group reduced their calorie intake by 500–1000 kcal per day.
Results
A total of 102 participants (mean age 36.75 ± 12.25 years) were included. Over 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant reductions in weight, body circumference, and fat metrics, including visceral fat area (P < 0.05). The IF group, despite a non-significant smaller reduction in total calorie intake, achieved 1 kg greater weight loss than the CR group (−525.33 ± 831.01 vs. −506.23 ± 763.24, P = 0.08). In contrast to the CR group, the 5:2 IF did not show a significant reduction in body cell mass, fat free-mass index, extracellular water-to-total body water, and phase angle over time (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
The 5:2 IF may better preserve cellular structure and hydration balance, achieving clinically significant weight loss. Given its comparable efficacy, it may be a viable alternative. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Intermittent fasting and body Composition: Insights from the Iranian National obesity registry (IRNOR)","authors":"Niloufar Abdollahpour , Najmeh Seifi , Mina Nosrati , Habibollah Esmaily , Pardis mohammadyfard , Mahsa Amarlou , Ali Ebrahimi Dabagh , Gordon A. Ferns , Maryam Alinezhad-Namaghi , Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global rise of adiposity has increased interest in novel dietary approaches such as 5:2 intermittent fasting (IF) for health management. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 12-week 5:2 IF on both traditional and novel body composition metrics in individuals with overweight and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data for this12-week longitudinal cohort study was extracted from the electronic database of the Iranian National Obesity Registry (IRNOR). According to data provided by IRNOR, adults with overweight or obesity were compared based on adherence to either 5:2 IF or a daily calorie restriction (CR) program. The 5:2 IF group consumed 500–600 kcal on fasting days and an isocaloric diet on non-fasting days, while the CR group reduced their calorie intake by 500–1000 kcal per day.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 102 participants (mean age 36.75 ± 12.25 years) were included. Over 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant reductions in weight, body circumference, and fat metrics, including visceral fat area (P < 0.05). The IF group, despite a non-significant smaller reduction in total calorie intake, achieved 1 kg greater weight loss than the CR group (−525.33 ± 831.01 vs. −506.23 ± 763.24, P = 0.08). In contrast to the CR group, the 5:2 IF did not show a significant reduction in body cell mass, fat free-mass index, extracellular water-to-total body water, and phase angle over time (P > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 5:2 IF may better preserve cellular structure and hydration balance, achieving clinically significant weight loss. Given its comparable efficacy, it may be a viable alternative. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200318
Valéria Clarisse de Oliveira , Paola Soledad Mosquera , Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos , Haroldo S. Ferreira , Bárbara H. Lourenço , Marly A. Cardoso
Objectives
To investigate the frequency of breastfeeding (BF) practices and factors associated with early weaning and anemia in indigenous children under 2 years of age.
Study design
A household cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 indigenous communities in Alagoas state, northeastern Brazil.
Methods
Mothers of eligible children were interviewed to gather socioeconomic, demographic, health, and feeding practice data. Blood samples were collected to assess the hemoglobin concentration (Hb). Multiple Cox, linear, and Poisson regression models were employed to examine the factors associated with weaning and anemia (Hb < 110 g/L in children aged 6 months and older).
Results
Of the 1303 households surveyed, 145 had children under 2 years old. The prevalence of exclusive BF at 6 months was only 19 %. High frequencies of anemia (42.5 %), bottle-feeding (70 %), and pacifier use (31 %) were observed. The use of bottle and pacifier was associated with early weaning. Bottle-feeding was significantly associated with anemia (PR = 2.62; 95 % CI: 1.42–4.84) after adjusting for household wealth index.
Conclusions
BF practices among indigenous children do not meet WHO recommendations. The use of artificial nipples was linked to early weaning, and bottle feeding was associated with anemia after 6 months of age. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions to promote, protect, and support BF in indigenous people, guiding multidisciplinary health teams in properly caring for young children in indigenous communities.
{"title":"Early weaning and anemia in children under 2 years old from indigenous peoples in Alagoas state, Brazil","authors":"Valéria Clarisse de Oliveira , Paola Soledad Mosquera , Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos , Haroldo S. Ferreira , Bárbara H. Lourenço , Marly A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the frequency of breastfeeding (BF) practices and factors associated with early weaning and anemia in indigenous children under 2 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A household cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 indigenous communities in Alagoas state, northeastern Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mothers of eligible children were interviewed to gather socioeconomic, demographic, health, and feeding practice data. Blood samples were collected to assess the hemoglobin concentration (Hb). Multiple Cox, linear, and Poisson regression models were employed to examine the factors associated with weaning and anemia (Hb < 110 g/L in children aged 6 months and older).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1303 households surveyed, 145 had children under 2 years old. The prevalence of exclusive BF at 6 months was only 19 %. High frequencies of anemia (42.5 %), bottle-feeding (70 %), and pacifier use (31 %) were observed. The use of bottle and pacifier was associated with early weaning. Bottle-feeding was significantly associated with anemia (PR = 2.62; 95 % CI: 1.42–4.84) after adjusting for household wealth index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BF practices among indigenous children do not meet WHO recommendations. The use of artificial nipples was linked to early weaning, and bottle feeding was associated with anemia after 6 months of age. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions to promote, protect, and support BF in indigenous people, guiding multidisciplinary health teams in properly caring for young children in indigenous communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200317
Iahtisham-Ul-Haq , Muhammad Nadeem , Aanchal Sharma , Robert Mugabi , Muhammad Waseem , Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
Background
Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis, is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, which can lead to inflammation, scarring, and severe liver damage. The global prevalence of FLD is increasing, exacerbated by factors such as obesity, diabetes, and poor lifestyle choices.
Aims
This review aims to explore the role of dietary and lifestyle modifications in the prevention and management of FLD. It provides evidence-based recommendations to help mitigate the progression of the disease through non-pharmacological interventions.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was done using various reliable online databases (PubMed Central, Research Gate, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Google scholar, Science Direct, National Institute of Health and related databases). Full length research or review articles in English or bilingual were selected based on fatty liver disease while unpublished or irrelevant articles were excluded. The collected data were analyzed to identify effective dietary and lifestyle practices for managing FLD.
Results
The findings indicate that dietary modifications, including reduced intake of saturated and trans fats, sugars, and alcohol, alongside increased consumption of healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, and lean proteins, can significantly alleviate FLD symptoms. Regular physical activity also plays a critical role in managing the disease.
Conclusion
Strategic dietary interventions include vitamin D, Vitamin E, low carbohydrates, high protein (varying results found in literature), low saturated fat but mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids, fish meat, nuts, herbs (green tea and lemon grass) and bioactive rich food commodities are impactful. Nonetheless, adopting a healthier lifestyle i.e., by avoiding smoking and a sedentary lifestyle, managing co-morbid disorders, and abstaining from skipping meals are recommended for better management and prevention of FLD. However, analysis of factors causing FLD demands more elaborative, customized, and rigorous interdisciplinary research to vividly elucidate the effect of specific dietary components on treatment of FLD.
背景：脂肪性肝病（FLD），也被称为肝性脂肪变性，其特征是肝脏中脂肪的积累，可导致炎症、疤痕和严重的肝损伤。FLD的全球患病率正在上升，肥胖、糖尿病和不良生活方式选择等因素加剧了这一趋势。目的本综述旨在探讨饮食和生活方式改变在FLD预防和治疗中的作用。它提供了基于证据的建议，以帮助通过非药物干预减缓疾病的进展。方法利用PubMed Central、Research Gate、National Center for Biotechnology Information、谷歌scholar、Science Direct、National Institute of Health等可靠的在线数据库进行综合文献检索。以脂肪肝为研究对象，选择英文或双语的完整研究或综述文章，排除未发表或不相关的文章。对收集到的数据进行分析，以确定有效的饮食和生活方式来管理FLD。结果研究结果表明，饮食调整，包括减少饱和脂肪和反式脂肪、糖和酒精的摄入，同时增加健康脂肪、复合碳水化合物和瘦肉蛋白的摄入，可以显著缓解FLD症状。有规律的身体活动在控制疾病方面也起着关键作用。结论包括维生素D、维生素E、低碳水化合物、高蛋白（文献结果不一）、低饱和脂肪但单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸、鱼肉、坚果、草药（绿茶和柠檬草）和富含生物活性的食品等饮食干预措施是有效的。尽管如此，建议采取更健康的生活方式，即避免吸烟和久坐不动的生活方式，管理合并症，避免不吃饭，以更好地管理和预防FLD。然而，对导致FLD的因素的分析需要更详细、定制化和严格的跨学科研究，以生动地阐明特定饮食成分对FLD治疗的影响。
{"title":"Beyond medication: Unveiling the role of diet and lifestyle in fatty liver disease management","authors":"Iahtisham-Ul-Haq , Muhammad Nadeem , Aanchal Sharma , Robert Mugabi , Muhammad Waseem , Gulzar Ahmad Nayik","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis, is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, which can lead to inflammation, scarring, and severe liver damage. The global prevalence of FLD is increasing, exacerbated by factors such as obesity, diabetes, and poor lifestyle choices.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This review aims to explore the role of dietary and lifestyle modifications in the prevention and management of FLD. It provides evidence-based recommendations to help mitigate the progression of the disease through non-pharmacological interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was done using various reliable online databases (PubMed Central, Research Gate, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Google scholar, Science Direct, National Institute of Health and related databases). Full length research or review articles in English or bilingual were selected based on fatty liver disease while unpublished or irrelevant articles were excluded. The collected data were analyzed to identify effective dietary and lifestyle practices for managing FLD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that dietary modifications, including reduced intake of saturated and trans fats, sugars, and alcohol, alongside increased consumption of healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, and lean proteins, can significantly alleviate FLD symptoms. Regular physical activity also plays a critical role in managing the disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Strategic dietary interventions include vitamin D, Vitamin E, low carbohydrates, high protein (varying results found in literature), low saturated fat but mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids, fish meat, nuts, herbs (green tea and lemon grass) and bioactive rich food commodities are impactful. Nonetheless, adopting a healthier lifestyle <em>i.e.,</em> by avoiding smoking and a sedentary lifestyle, managing co-morbid disorders, and abstaining from skipping meals are recommended for better management and prevention of FLD. However, analysis of factors causing FLD demands more elaborative, customized, and rigorous interdisciplinary research to vividly elucidate the effect of specific dietary components on treatment of FLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314
Evangelia N. Kerezoudi , Marigoula Vlassopoulou , Evdokia K. Mitsou , Georgia Saxami , Georgios Koutrotsios , Ioanna Taflampa , Konstantinos C. Mountzouris , Ignacio Rangel , Robert J. Brummer , Georgios I. Zervakis , Vasiliki Pletsa , Panagiotis Georgiadis , Adamantini Kyriacou
Pleurotus eryngii (PE), an edible mushroom rich in bioactive compounds, has been shown to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, antihepatotoxic and hypolipidemic activities, all important for the well-being of the ageing population. This study assessed in vitro the prebiotic-like effects of multiple forms of this mushroom. An in vitro static batch fermentation was performed for 24 h with faecal inocula from five apparently healthy older adults in the presence of the following PE forms: whole food matrix (PEWS), in vitro digested (PEWSD) and rich in β-glucans extract (PEWSE). The changes in bacterial communities upon fermentation at family, genera and species level were detected via 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing and Quantitative real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified using gas chromatography (GC), whereas other metabolites were analysed through ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). DEseq2 analysis indicated that PEWS presence exhibited the largest impact on faecal microbial families' and genera's abundance compared to negative (non-carbon source) and positive (inulin) controls. Only PEWS significantly increased Bifidobacterium spp. and F. prausnitzii populations, while all three forms robustly increased Bacteroides spp. levels and levels of butyrate, acetate and propionate acids. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Overall, the findings highlight the beneficial effect of PE on intestinal health of older adults supporting its potential incorporation into innovative functional foods. However, additional in vivo studies are required to substantiate these findings before translating them into dietary guidelines or clinical applications.
{"title":"In vitro fermentation of whole matrix, digested products and β-glucan enriched extract of Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms distinctively impact the fecal microbiota of healthy older adults","authors":"Evangelia N. Kerezoudi , Marigoula Vlassopoulou , Evdokia K. Mitsou , Georgia Saxami , Georgios Koutrotsios , Ioanna Taflampa , Konstantinos C. Mountzouris , Ignacio Rangel , Robert J. Brummer , Georgios I. Zervakis , Vasiliki Pletsa , Panagiotis Georgiadis , Adamantini Kyriacou","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> (PE), an edible mushroom rich in bioactive compounds, has been shown to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, antihepatotoxic and hypolipidemic activities, all important for the well-being of the ageing population. This study assessed <em>in vitro</em> the prebiotic-like effects of multiple forms of this mushroom. An <em>in vitro</em> static batch fermentation was performed for 24 h with faecal inocula from five apparently healthy older adults in the presence of the following PE forms: whole food matrix (PEWS), <em>in vitro</em> digested (PEWSD) and rich in <em>β</em>-glucans extract (PEWSE). The changes in bacterial communities upon fermentation at family, genera and species level were detected via 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing and Quantitative real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified using gas chromatography (GC), whereas other metabolites were analysed through ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). DEseq2 analysis indicated that PEWS presence exhibited the largest impact on faecal microbial families' and genera's abundance compared to negative (non-carbon source) and positive (inulin) controls. Only PEWS significantly increased <em>Bifidobacterium</em> spp. and <em>F. prausnitzii</em> populations, while all three forms robustly increased <em>Bacteroides</em> spp. levels and levels of butyrate, acetate and propionate acids. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Overall, the findings highlight the beneficial effect of PE on intestinal health of older adults supporting its potential incorporation into innovative functional foods. However, additional <em>in vivo</em> studies are required to substantiate these findings before translating them into dietary guidelines or clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200315
Xuemei Sun, Ziyi Zhang, Jielun Hu
The next generation of probiotics Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a very important butyric acid producing bacterium in the human intestinal tract, but its extreme sensitization to oxygen hinders its isolation for further study and application. The current study attempted to isolate and identify F. prausnitzii strains from human feces, as well as sequencing the whole genomes, to study their basic characteristics and probiotic potentials. Two strains were successfully obtained named F. prausnitzii 20 and F. prausnitzii 28, which entered the logarithmic growth phase at 24 h and then the stable growth phase at 48 h. At 72 h, F. prausnitzii 28 grew better and resulted a lower pH in culture medium than F. prausnitzii 20. The butyric acid production of F. prausnitzii 28 was up to 38.68 mmol/L. The two strains were tolerant to pH 3.0 and 0.3 % of bile salt, and were capable of growing on glucose, inulin, β-glucan, and konjac glucomannan as the sole carbon source, but not on pectin, arabinogalactan, and arabinoxylan. Additionally, they exhibited good inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with inhibition rates of up to 60.90 % and 32.69 %, respectively, as well as strong scavenging abilities for DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion free radicals (91.92 %, 73.06 %, and 95.82 %, respectively). The whole genome of F. prausnitzii 28 had a size of 3,950,000 bp with a GC ratio of 56.50 % and possessed 2752 genes consisting of 2645 coding sequences and 107 non-coding sequences. Gene prediction confirmed that F. prausnitzii 28 had acid resistance, bile salt resistance, oxidation resistance and adhesion properties. This study provided new strains for the study of F. prausnitzii, as well as a theoretical basis for the research and development of F. prausnitzii based therapies in hypoglycemic and other health aspects.
{"title":"Isolation, probiotic characterization and whole-genome sequencing of gut Faecalibacterium prausnitzii","authors":"Xuemei Sun, Ziyi Zhang, Jielun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The next generation of probiotics <em>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</em> is a very important butyric acid producing bacterium in the human intestinal tract, but its extreme sensitization to oxygen hinders its isolation for further study and application. The current study attempted to isolate and identify <em>F. prausnitzii</em> strains from human feces, as well as sequencing the whole genomes, to study their basic characteristics and probiotic potentials. Two strains were successfully obtained named <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 20 and <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28, which entered the logarithmic growth phase at 24 h and then the stable growth phase at 48 h. At 72 h, <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 grew better and resulted a lower pH in culture medium than <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 20. The butyric acid production of <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 was up to 38.68 mmol/L. The two strains were tolerant to pH 3.0 and 0.3 % of bile salt, and were capable of growing on glucose, inulin, β-glucan, and konjac glucomannan as the sole carbon source, but not on pectin, arabinogalactan, and arabinoxylan. Additionally, they exhibited good inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with inhibition rates of up to 60.90 % and 32.69 %, respectively, as well as strong scavenging abilities for DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion free radicals (91.92 %, 73.06 %, and 95.82 %, respectively). The whole genome of <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 had a size of 3,950,000 bp with a GC ratio of 56.50 % and possessed 2752 genes consisting of 2645 coding sequences and 107 non-coding sequences. Gene prediction confirmed that <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 had acid resistance, bile salt resistance, oxidation resistance and adhesion properties. This study provided new strains for the study of <em>F. prausnitzii</em>, as well as a theoretical basis for the research and development of <em>F. prausnitzii</em> based therapies in hypoglycemic and other health aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312
Rao Xin, Fan Lin, Guo Chaoqun, Zou Changlian, Chen Xiaoyan, He Ting, Wu Chuntao, Zhao Xia
Object
With the intensification of the global aging population trend and changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, and it has become a major global public health problem. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor that affects the clinical outcomes, quality of life, and physical functions of inpatients with T2DM, and nutritional risk is the potential precursor state of malnutrition. Early nutritional risk screening and assessment for inpatients with T2DM is crucial for the timely initiation of adequate nutritional support. Through the precise identification of the nutritional risk and nutritional status of patients, their clinical development trajectory can be predicted, and the positive impact of nutritional management and treatment can be clarified. Currently, there are various nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, but each has its own advantages, disadvantages, and scope of application. Therefore, this article reviews the commonly used nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, compares the screening and assessment contents, advantages and disadvantages, and scope of application of different tools, in order to provide references for the early prevention and treatment of patients and the implementation of individualized and standardized nutritional management pathways.
{"title":"Advances in nutritional risk screening tools for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Rao Xin, Fan Lin, Guo Chaoqun, Zou Changlian, Chen Xiaoyan, He Ting, Wu Chuntao, Zhao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Object</h3><div>With the intensification of the global aging population trend and changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, and it has become a major global public health problem. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor that affects the clinical outcomes, quality of life, and physical functions of inpatients with T2DM, and nutritional risk is the potential precursor state of malnutrition. Early nutritional risk screening and assessment for inpatients with T2DM is crucial for the timely initiation of adequate nutritional support. Through the precise identification of the nutritional risk and nutritional status of patients, their clinical development trajectory can be predicted, and the positive impact of nutritional management and treatment can be clarified. Currently, there are various nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, but each has its own advantages, disadvantages, and scope of application. Therefore, this article reviews the commonly used nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, compares the screening and assessment contents, advantages and disadvantages, and scope of application of different tools, in order to provide references for the early prevention and treatment of patients and the implementation of individualized and standardized nutritional management pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313
Claudette Butoyi , Muhammad Asad Iqbal , Isaac Duah Boateng
Purpose of review
This review aims to synthesize current research on the intricate relationships among visceral obesity (VO), autophagy (Atg), gut microbiota, and adipose tissue dysfunction, all of which contribute significantly to insulin resistance (IR) and associated metabolic disorders. Specifically, it seeks to identify key mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutic targets.
Findings
Contemporary investigations have established VO as a principal etiological factor in diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for a substantial proportion of global metabolic disease incidence. Notable discoveries include: (1) the nuanced role of Atg in adipose tissue homeostasis, wherein tissue-specific aberrations, such as diminished ATG5 expression in visceral adipose tissue, exacerbate IR. Conversely, pharmacologically induced Atg, exemplified by rapamycin administration, enhances insulin sensitivity by 15–25 % in rodent models. (2) Alterations in gut microbial composition, characterized by a 40 % decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes, correlate with elevated visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation in human studies has demonstrated restoration of microbial diversity, resulting in a 12 % reduction in hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients; (3) adipose tissue macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype, evidenced by a 2-3-fold elevation in TNF-α levels in VO, which precipitates metabolic dysfunction through Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways.
Conclusion
The interactive network involving Atg, gut microbiota, and adipose tissue represents a pivotal axis in the development of metabolic diseases. While interventions targeting Atg and microbiota modulation demonstrate potential, inconsistent outcomes, such as the variable efficacy of probiotic therapies, underscore the context-dependent nature of these mechanisms. Existing therapeutic approaches, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and bariatric surgery, address adiposity but require more targeted approaches. Future research should prioritize elucidating tissue-specific Atg regulation and developing personalized microbiota-based therapies to manage the complex pathophysiology of obesity-related disorders effectively.
{"title":"Latest trends on interplay of autophagy, adipose tissue, and gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic disorders","authors":"Claudette Butoyi , Muhammad Asad Iqbal , Isaac Duah Boateng","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of review</h3><div>This review aims to synthesize current research on the intricate relationships among visceral obesity (VO), autophagy (Atg), gut microbiota, and adipose tissue dysfunction, all of which contribute significantly to insulin resistance (IR) and associated metabolic disorders. Specifically, it seeks to identify key mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Contemporary investigations have established VO as a principal etiological factor in diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for a substantial proportion of global metabolic disease incidence. Notable discoveries include: (1) the nuanced role of Atg in adipose tissue homeostasis, wherein tissue-specific aberrations, such as diminished ATG5 expression in visceral adipose tissue, exacerbate IR. Conversely, pharmacologically induced Atg, exemplified by rapamycin administration, enhances insulin sensitivity by 15–25 % in rodent models. (2) Alterations in gut microbial composition, characterized by a 40 % decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes, correlate with elevated visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation in human studies has demonstrated restoration of microbial diversity, resulting in a 12 % reduction in hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients; (3) adipose tissue macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype, evidenced by a 2-3-fold elevation in TNF-α levels in VO, which precipitates metabolic dysfunction through Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The interactive network involving Atg, gut microbiota, and adipose tissue represents a pivotal axis in the development of metabolic diseases. While interventions targeting Atg and microbiota modulation demonstrate potential, inconsistent outcomes, such as the variable efficacy of probiotic therapies, underscore the context-dependent nature of these mechanisms. Existing therapeutic approaches, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and bariatric surgery, address adiposity but require more targeted approaches. Future research should prioritize elucidating tissue-specific Atg regulation and developing personalized microbiota-based therapies to manage the complex pathophysiology of obesity-related disorders effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200311
Marcus V.L. Dos Santos Quaresma , Caroline Soares Santos , Bruno Becaro , Leonardo Azevedo Alvares , Raphael Einsfeld Simões Ferreira , Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos , Fernanda Patti Nakamoto
Resting metabolic rate ratio (RMRratio) is calculated dividing the RMR from indirect calorimetry (RMRIC) by the RMR estimate by equations (RMRe). RMRratio is a tool for energy suppression assessment and it can be useful in situations of low energy availability. To date, predictive equations have not been evaluated regarding their agreement with RMR of female CrossFit® practitioners. As such, we aimed to verify the agreement between RMRIC and RMRe and its correlation with metabolic hormones. This was a cross-sectional study with nonprobability sampling. Participants (healthy women aged 18–39 years, with at least 1 year of regular CrossFit® training experience) visited the laboratory once for blood collection and nutritional, body composition, and RMR assessment. RMRIC was estimated using K5; COSMED®. We evaluated its agreement with the RMR estimated by several equations. Then, for each predictive equation, the RMRratio was calculated. We assessed triiodothyronine (TT3), leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels. The Bland–Altman method was used to identify the agreement between the RMRIC and the RMRe. Thirty female recreational CrossFit® practitioners (33.11 ± 5.23 y) were assessed. The Cunningham (1980) equation was the one that most agreed with the RMRIC. Still, RMRIC did not differ when compared to TT3 (p = 0.470), leptin (p = 0.848), and IGF-1 (p = 0.634) levels. Likewise, we found no differences when RMRratio was compared by the median and tertiles of hormones. In summary, our findings revealed that the RMRe showed low agreement with the RMRIC. Besides, the RMRratio did not differ according to the hormones TT3, leptin, and IGF-1 of female recreational CrossFit® practitioners.
{"title":"Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of recreational female CrossFit® practitioners: Agreement between indirect calorimetry and predictive equations and correlation between RMR ratio and metabolic hormone levels","authors":"Marcus V.L. Dos Santos Quaresma , Caroline Soares Santos , Bruno Becaro , Leonardo Azevedo Alvares , Raphael Einsfeld Simões Ferreira , Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos , Fernanda Patti Nakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resting metabolic rate ratio (RMR<sub>ratio</sub>) is calculated dividing the RMR from indirect calorimetry (RMR<sub>IC</sub>) by the RMR estimate by equations (RMR<sub>e</sub>). RMR<sub>ratio</sub> is a tool for energy suppression assessment and it can be useful in situations of low energy availability. To date, predictive equations have not been evaluated regarding their agreement with RMR of female CrossFit® practitioners. As such, we aimed to verify the agreement between RMR<sub>IC</sub> and RMR<sub>e</sub> and its correlation with metabolic hormones. This was a cross-sectional study with nonprobability sampling. Participants (healthy women aged 18–39 years, with at least 1 year of regular CrossFit® training experience) visited the laboratory once for blood collection and nutritional, body composition, and RMR assessment. RMR<sub>IC</sub> was estimated using K5; COSMED®. We evaluated its agreement with the RMR estimated by several equations. Then, for each predictive equation, the RMR<sub>ratio</sub> was calculated. We assessed triiodothyronine (TT<sub>3</sub>), leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels. The Bland–Altman method was used to identify the agreement between the RMR<sub>IC</sub> and the RMR<sub>e</sub>. Thirty female recreational CrossFit® practitioners (33.11 ± 5.23 y) were assessed. The Cunningham (1980) equation was the one that most agreed with the RMR<sub>IC</sub>. Still, RMR<sub>IC</sub> did not differ when compared to TT<sub>3</sub> (p = 0.470), leptin (p = 0.848), and IGF-1 (p = 0.634) levels. Likewise, we found no differences when RMR<sub>ratio</sub> was compared by the median and tertiles of hormones. In summary, our findings revealed that the RMR<sub>e</sub> showed low agreement with the RMR<sub>IC</sub>. Besides, the RMR<sub>ratio</sub> did not differ according to the hormones TT<sub>3</sub>, leptin, and IGF-1 of female recreational CrossFit® practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308
Abdul-Malik Bawah , Kasim Abdulai , Priscilla Cecilia Akpene Amenya
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and insulin resistance, and is a significant contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), focusing on dietary changes that reduce hepatic fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate metabolic markers, is increasingly recognized as a key therapeutic approach for NAFLD management.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study assessed the therapeutic potential of MNT in NAFLD patients, focusing on its effects on liver function, metabolic health, and inflammation. Additionally, it examined how educational level and occupation, as components of socioeconomic status, influence MNT effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A cohort of 200 NAFLD patients was recruited from Tamale Teaching Hospital, Central Hospital, Tamale West Hospital, and Dagbang Medical Centre and randomly assigned to either an MNT intervention group or a <strong>control group receiving standard care, which included general dietary recommendations without structured MNT, routine medical follow-up, and lifestyle advice from healthcare providers.</strong> Over a 12-month period, patients in the intervention group received personalized MNT, emphasizing a balanced diet, low glycemic index foods, and limited saturated fat intake. Key clinical data, including liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT), metabolic markers (BMI, weight, fasting glucose, lipid profile), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), were collected at baseline and after 12 months. Regression analysis with interaction terms assessed the impact of educational level and occupational type on MNT outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MNT intervention group showed significant improvements in liver function tests (ALT and AST decreased by 25 % on average, p < 0.01) and metabolic markers (BMI reduced by 3 %, p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers also improved, with CRP and TNF-α levels decreasing significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). <strong>In contrast, the control group exhibited only minimal changes in these parameters, with non-significant reductions in ALT, AST, BMI, and inflammatory markers (p > 0.05), reinforcing the added benefit of structured MNT over general dietary advice.</strong> Higher educational levels and occupations with greater health literacy were independently associated with enhanced outcomes, suggesting that these socio-demographic factors moderated MNT's effectiveness. <strong>Therefore, integrating MNT into NAFLD treatment guidelines, enhancing health provider training, expanding access, and prioritizing public education will improve outcomes and prevent disease progression.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MNT effectively manages and provides superior be
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","authors":"Abdul-Malik Bawah , Kasim Abdulai , Priscilla Cecilia Akpene Amenya","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and insulin resistance, and is a significant contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), focusing on dietary changes that reduce hepatic fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate metabolic markers, is increasingly recognized as a key therapeutic approach for NAFLD management.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study assessed the therapeutic potential of MNT in NAFLD patients, focusing on its effects on liver function, metabolic health, and inflammation. Additionally, it examined how educational level and occupation, as components of socioeconomic status, influence MNT effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A cohort of 200 NAFLD patients was recruited from Tamale Teaching Hospital, Central Hospital, Tamale West Hospital, and Dagbang Medical Centre and randomly assigned to either an MNT intervention group or a <strong>control group receiving standard care, which included general dietary recommendations without structured MNT, routine medical follow-up, and lifestyle advice from healthcare providers.</strong> Over a 12-month period, patients in the intervention group received personalized MNT, emphasizing a balanced diet, low glycemic index foods, and limited saturated fat intake. Key clinical data, including liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT), metabolic markers (BMI, weight, fasting glucose, lipid profile), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), were collected at baseline and after 12 months. Regression analysis with interaction terms assessed the impact of educational level and occupational type on MNT outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MNT intervention group showed significant improvements in liver function tests (ALT and AST decreased by 25 % on average, p < 0.01) and metabolic markers (BMI reduced by 3 %, p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers also improved, with CRP and TNF-α levels decreasing significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). <strong>In contrast, the control group exhibited only minimal changes in these parameters, with non-significant reductions in ALT, AST, BMI, and inflammatory markers (p > 0.05), reinforcing the added benefit of structured MNT over general dietary advice.</strong> Higher educational levels and occupations with greater health literacy were independently associated with enhanced outcomes, suggesting that these socio-demographic factors moderated MNT's effectiveness. <strong>Therefore, integrating MNT into NAFLD treatment guidelines, enhancing health provider training, expanding access, and prioritizing public education will improve outcomes and prevent disease progression.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MNT effectively manages and provides superior be","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L-arginine is an amino acid found in most protein-rich foods, such as fish, red meat, poultry, soy, whole grains, beans and dairy products. Thus, it helps the body in building proteins.
Objectives
To find the effect of L-arginine in the improvement of lipid profile, liver enzymes, and blood pressure using various study outcomes.
Materials and methods
We searched all the related studies that probed into the association between L-arginine and serum lipid levels, liver enzymes, and blood pressure on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database up to May 20, 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane quality assessment tool for Randomized Control Trials (RCT). MeSH was used to harmonize the keywords throughout the search process. All the statistical analyses of this meta-analysis were performed using the STATA, version 15 software.
Results
A total of 17 studies were included in the final review, a total of 531 screened studies. L-arginine at a dose rate of ≥8.0 g/day significantly improved the lipid profile by reducing total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) levels. Additionally, L-arginine at a dose rate of ≥8.0 g/day significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, L-arginine non-significantly reduced aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) at that dose. Finally, the results of random-effects meta-regression analyses examining the association between the dose of L-arginine and the effect size of various health indicators showed a non-significant effect. Conclusions: L-arginine potentially improved the lipid profile, blood pressure and liver enzymes among studied individuals worldwide.
背景：精氨酸是一种氨基酸，存在于大多数富含蛋白质的食物中，如鱼、红肉、家禽、大豆、全谷物、豆类和乳制品。因此，它可以帮助身体构建蛋白质。目的探讨l -精氨酸对血脂、肝酶和血压的改善作用。材料和方法我们检索了PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆数据库中截至2024年5月20日所有关于l -精氨酸与血脂水平、肝酶和血压之间关系的相关研究。采用Cochrane随机对照试验质量评价工具（RCT）对纳入研究的质量进行评价。在整个搜索过程中，使用MeSH来协调关键词。本meta分析的所有统计分析均使用STATA， version 15软件进行。结果最终纳入17项研究，共筛选531项研究。剂量率≥8.0 g/天的l -精氨酸通过降低总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和甘油三酯（TG）水平显著改善了脂质谱。此外，l -精氨酸≥8.0 g/天的剂量率显著降低收缩压和舒张压。然而，在该剂量下，l -精氨酸没有显著降低天冬氨酸转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）。最后，随机效应meta回归分析的结果显示，l -精氨酸剂量与各种健康指标的效应大小之间的关系没有显著影响。结论：l -精氨酸有改善血脂、血压和肝酶的潜力。
{"title":"The role of L-Arginine in improvement of lipid profile, liver enzymes, and blood pressure: A systematic review of randomized control trial studies","authors":"Hawal Lateef Fateh , Maryam Sharifi Najafabadi , Jalal Moludi , Dyari Hassan Ahmed , Heshu Sulaiman Rahman , Hassan Mohammad Tawfeeq","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>L-arginine is an amino acid found in most protein-rich foods, such as fish, red meat, poultry, soy, whole grains, beans and dairy products. Thus, it helps the body in building proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To find the effect of L-arginine in the improvement of lipid profile, liver enzymes, and blood pressure using various study outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We searched all the related studies that probed into the association between L-arginine and serum lipid levels, liver enzymes, and blood pressure on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database up to May 20, 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane quality assessment tool for Randomized Control Trials (RCT). MeSH was used to harmonize the keywords throughout the search process. All the statistical analyses of this meta-analysis were performed using the STATA, version 15 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 17 studies were included in the final review, a total of 531 screened studies. L-arginine at a dose rate of ≥8.0 g/day significantly improved the lipid profile by reducing total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) levels. Additionally, L-arginine at a dose rate of ≥8.0 g/day significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, L-arginine non-significantly reduced aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) at that dose. Finally, the results of random-effects meta-regression analyses examining the association between the dose of L-arginine and the effect size of various health indicators showed a non-significant effect. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: L-arginine potentially improved the lipid profile, blood pressure and liver enzymes among studied individuals worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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