Nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been suggested to have beneficial effects on weight status and general health. The scarcity of assessment of these effects on large samples of university students is, however, observed.
Objective
To investigate the association of nutrition knowledge and adherence to the MedDiet with body mass index (BMI) and self-rated general health among university students.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study among 1776 university students aged 21.34 ± 2.47 years. Nutrition knowledge and MedDiet adherence scores were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and general health were self-reported.
Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.1% and 4.0%, respectively. Approximately 52% of students self-rated their general health as fair or poor. MedDiet adherence score was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge scores (P < 0.001) and inversely associated with BMI (P < 0.001). Non-overweight students had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores and MedDiet adherence scores compared to overweight/obese peers. Similarly, non-smoking students had higher nutrition knowledge scores than their smoking counterparts (P = 0.017). Participants who self-rated their general health as fair or poor showed significantly lower nutrition knowledge and MedDiet adherence scores than other groups. Health science students had significantly lower consumption of fish, legumes, olive oil, unrefined whole grains, fruits, and vegetables compared to other students.
Conclusions
Elevated levels of nutrition knowledge and adherence to the MedDiet were associated with lower BMI and better self-rated general health. Urgent interventions are needed to promote nutrition knowledge and healthy eating behavior among university students.
{"title":"Increased nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are associated with lower body mass index and better self-rated general health among university students","authors":"Fatima Zahra Elmskini , Aichetou Bouh , Asmae Labyad , Nouriya Elghoulam , Hind Iraqi , Slimane Mehdad , Aicha Madkour , Abderrahmane Moufid , Mustapha Aabi , Saber Boutayeb , Khalid Taghzouti , Hassan Aguenaou , Souad Benaich","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nutrition knowledge and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been suggested to have beneficial effects on weight status and general health. The scarcity of assessment of these effects on large samples of university students is, however, observed.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the association of nutrition knowledge and adherence to the MedDiet with body mass index (BMI) and self-rated general health among university students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a cross-sectional study among 1776 university students aged 21.34 ± 2.47 years. Nutrition knowledge and MedDiet adherence scores were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and general health were self-reported.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.1% and 4.0%, respectively. Approximately 52% of students self-rated their general health as fair or poor. MedDiet adherence score was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge scores (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and inversely associated with BMI (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Non-overweight students had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores and MedDiet adherence scores compared to overweight/obese peers. Similarly, non-smoking students had higher nutrition knowledge scores than their smoking counterparts (<em>P</em> = 0.017). Participants who self-rated their general health as fair or poor showed significantly lower nutrition knowledge and MedDiet adherence scores than other groups. Health science students had significantly lower consumption of fish, legumes, olive oil, unrefined whole grains, fruits, and vegetables compared to other students.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Elevated levels of nutrition knowledge and adherence to the MedDiet were associated with lower BMI and better self-rated general health. Urgent interventions are needed to promote nutrition knowledge and healthy eating behavior among university students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000021/pdfft?md5=cbac8df217bf7869a44e79d506540cc1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200242
Mohammad Sadegh Mirenayat , Mohammad Faramarzi , Mohammad Reza Ghazvini , Jahangir Karimian , Amir Hadi , Zahra Heidari , Mohammad Hossein Rouhani , Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
There is some evidence that citrulline malate (CM) limits the deleterious effect of oxidative stress in athletes, but its effect on team sports like soccer is not clear. Thus, the current research is designed to investigate the effect of short-term CM supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle damage markers in trained soccer players. In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, 28 healthy, highly-trained male soccer players were selected and randomly assigned into 2 groups to take 6 g/day CM or placebo for 7 days. Blood samples were then taken in a resting-state at baseline and 24 h after the 7-day supplement intervention; and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and uric acid levels were measured. Compared to the baseline, CM significantly decreased serum uric acid levels (P = 0.03) and significantly increased serum LDH concentrations (P = 0.002). However, there were no significant changes in serum levels of MDA, CAT, GSH, TAC, SOD, LDH CK, and uric acid compared to the placebo group (P > 0.05). It appears that short-term CM supplementation does not improve oxidative stress and muscle damage in soccer players. Further investigations should be conducted to fully understand the effects of CM on soccer players.
{"title":"The effects of short term citrulline malate supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle damage in trained soccer players","authors":"Mohammad Sadegh Mirenayat , Mohammad Faramarzi , Mohammad Reza Ghazvini , Jahangir Karimian , Amir Hadi , Zahra Heidari , Mohammad Hossein Rouhani , Amirmansour Alavi Naeini","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is some evidence that citrulline malate (CM) limits the deleterious effect of oxidative stress in athletes, but its effect on team sports like soccer is not clear. Thus, the current research is designed to investigate the effect of short-term CM supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle damage markers in trained soccer players. In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, 28 healthy, highly-trained male soccer players were selected and randomly assigned into 2 groups to take 6 g/day CM or placebo for 7 days. Blood samples were then taken in a resting-state at baseline and 24 h after the 7-day supplement intervention; and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and uric acid levels were measured. Compared to the baseline, CM significantly decreased serum uric acid levels (P = 0.03) and significantly increased serum LDH concentrations (P = 0.002). However, there were no significant changes in serum levels of MDA, CAT, GSH, TAC, SOD, LDH CK, and uric acid compared to the placebo group (P > 0.05). It appears that short-term CM supplementation does not improve oxidative stress and muscle damage in soccer players. Further investigations should be conducted to fully understand the effects of CM on soccer players.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000045/pdfft?md5=f1224569fc5658c25a3d17fa334eb00c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200238
Samer Younes
In the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of individuals worldwide who are affected by diabetes. This review article aims to explore the correlation between specific vitamins and diabetes. It has been observed that individuals with diabetes tend to have lower levels of certain antioxidant vitamins, namely A, C, and E. This decrease in vitamin levels is believed to be a consequence of the need to manage oxidative stress caused by issues with glucose metabolism. Additionally, retinol-binding protein plays a role in regulation and adipocytokine function. Diabetics also exhibit reduced levels of thiamine, pyridoxine, and biotin. Research has indicated that diabetes can hinder the absorption of various nutrients, including vitamins B9 and B12, necessitating frequent replenishment of these vitamins. Insufficient levels of vitamin D have been linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes and related complications such as cardiovascular disease. While some studies suggest that vitamin K supplementation may improve glucose metabolism, it remains uncertain whether it can prevent or repair oxidative damage. Excessive vitamin supplementation has been shown to have negative effects, as demonstrated by numerous studies. The review that follows will analyze the association between several nutrients, specifically vitamins A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, Zn, B12, E, B1/K, and iron, and the pathways implicated in diabetes, as well as their potential regulatory effects.
在过去二十年里,全球糖尿病患者人数大幅增加。这篇综述文章旨在探讨特定维生素与糖尿病之间的相关性。据观察,糖尿病患者体内某些抗氧化维生素(即维生素 A、维生素 C 和维生素 E)的含量往往较低。这种维生素含量的降低被认为是需要控制葡萄糖代谢问题所导致的氧化应激的结果。此外,视黄醇结合蛋白在调节和脂肪细胞因子功能方面发挥作用。糖尿病患者体内的硫胺素、吡哆醇和生物素水平也会降低。研究表明,糖尿病会阻碍各种营养素的吸收,包括维生素 B9 和 B12,因此需要经常补充这些维生素。维生素 D 含量不足与罹患糖尿病和心血管疾病等相关并发症的风险增加有关。一些研究表明,补充维生素 K 可以改善糖代谢,但能否预防或修复氧化损伤仍不确定。大量研究表明,过量补充维生素会产生负面影响。接下来的综述将分析几种营养素(特别是维生素 A、D、C、B3、B6、B9、锌、B12、E、B1/K 和铁)与糖尿病相关途径之间的联系及其潜在的调节作用。
{"title":"The role of micronutrients on the treatment of diabetes","authors":"Samer Younes","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of individuals worldwide who are affected by diabetes. This review article aims to explore the correlation between specific vitamins and diabetes. It has been observed that individuals with diabetes tend to have lower levels of certain antioxidant vitamins, namely A, C, and E. This decrease in vitamin levels is believed to be a consequence of the need to manage oxidative stress caused by issues with glucose metabolism. Additionally, retinol-binding protein plays a role in regulation and adipocytokine function. Diabetics also exhibit reduced levels of thiamine, pyridoxine, and biotin. Research has indicated that diabetes can hinder the absorption of various nutrients, including vitamins B9 and B12, necessitating frequent replenishment of these vitamins. Insufficient levels of vitamin D have been linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes and related complications such as cardiovascular disease. While some studies suggest that vitamin K supplementation may improve glucose metabolism, it remains uncertain whether it can prevent or repair oxidative damage. Excessive vitamin supplementation has been shown to have negative effects, as demonstrated by numerous studies. The review that follows will analyze the association between several nutrients, specifically vitamins A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, Zn, B12, E, B1/K, and iron, and the pathways implicated in diabetes, as well as their potential regulatory effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000555/pdfft?md5=318c2925d8256a06d635fb547edab21d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000555-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200243
Zoomi Singh, Vandana Verma, Neelam Yadav
Purpose
The right way to measure obesity is still a matter of debate. This study will look at the prevalence of obesity, anthropometrics, and body composition as screening tools for obesity and adiposity among adult women in urban Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India. It will also try to figure out exactly what level of obesity is linked to a metabolic risk.
Methods
A Cross-sectional study comprising 570 urban women of Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India aged 20–49 years were examined for anthropometry, body composition analysis, blood pressure, random blood sugar, and haemoglobin.
Results
Except for total body water (TBW), all measures of obesity and health markers increased with age (p < 0.000, 95% CI-confidence interval). Appropriate cutoffs calculated with model for adult women for body fat (%), muscle mass (kg), total body water (%), and visceral fat (kg) were 33.5, 34.5, 46.5, and 4.5 respectively. Using stepwise logistic regression, two models eliminating waist circumference (WC) and wait to hip ratio (WHR), respectively, were created. Age, WHR, and visceral fat (VF) for systolic blood pressure; age and TBW for diastolic blood pressure; age and VF for random blood sugar; WHR, body fat% (BF %), Muscle mass (MM), and age for haemoglobin, were all significantly associated with the presence of metabolic risk variables in Model 1. In model 2, only age was significant for predicting systolic blood pressure; age, TBW, and WC for diastolic blood pressure; age and VF for random blood sugar; BF%, WC, and age for haemoglobin were shown to be significantly associated with metabolic risk variables.
Conclusions
Two basic models for predicting metabolic risk in Asian Indians were studied. Both models can be used to assess metabolic risk in them.
{"title":"Body indices based receiver operating characteristics curve models are important risk assessing tools for metabolic diseases among Asian women","authors":"Zoomi Singh, Vandana Verma, Neelam Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The right way to measure obesity is still a matter of debate. This study will look at the prevalence of obesity, anthropometrics, and body composition as screening tools for obesity and adiposity among adult women in urban Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India. It will also try to figure out exactly what level of obesity is linked to a metabolic risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A Cross-sectional study comprising 570 urban women of Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India aged 20–49 years were examined for anthropometry, body composition analysis, blood pressure, random blood sugar, and haemoglobin.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Except for total body water (TBW), all measures of obesity and health markers increased with age (p < 0.000, 95% CI-confidence interval). Appropriate cutoffs calculated with model for adult women for body fat (%), muscle mass (kg), total body water (%), and visceral fat (kg) were 33.5, 34.5, 46.5, and 4.5 respectively. Using stepwise logistic regression, two models eliminating waist circumference (WC) and wait to hip ratio (WHR), respectively, were created. Age, WHR, and visceral fat (VF) for systolic blood pressure; age and TBW for diastolic blood pressure; age and VF for random blood sugar; WHR, body fat% (BF %), Muscle mass (MM), and age for haemoglobin, were all significantly associated with the presence of metabolic risk variables in Model 1. In model 2, only age was significant for predicting systolic blood pressure; age, TBW, and WC for diastolic blood pressure; age and VF for random blood sugar; BF%, WC, and age for haemoglobin were shown to be significantly associated with metabolic risk variables.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Two basic models for predicting metabolic risk in Asian Indians were studied. Both models can be used to assess metabolic risk in them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000057/pdfft?md5=f284837e1a657be1a4f218e18280361e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139494235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200246
Priscilla Cecilia Akpene Amenya , Reginald Adjetey Annan , Charles Apprey , Daniel Edem Kpewou , Isaac Agyei Annor
Background
Egg is a cheap source of essential micronutrients and high-quality protein, which can contribute to the daily nutritional needs of children, support their growth and brain development. Aim: The study evaluated the effectiveness of egg supplementation on nutritional status, physical fitness, and cognition of school-aged Children (8–12 Years) in Ho Municipality, Ghana.
Methods
A school-based, double-blind randomized controlled trial design was adopted. Children aged 8 to 12 years from government-run primary schools were randomly allocated to receive either egg supplementation three times a week for three months or no supplementation at all for three months. Dietary intakes using a repeated 24-h dietary recall, Raven's cognition test, fitness level, BMI-for-age, and serum levels of ferritin, zinc, and albumin were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.
Results
At pre-intervention, mean intake of several nutrients, including energy, CHO, protein, fat, iron zinc and folate were significantly higher in the intervention group. Post-intervention, these differences significantly increased for protein, fat, and iron, and reduced for energy, carbohydrate, folate, vitamin B6 and 12. Children on egg supplementation had a much higher increase in vitamin A intake (142.0 μg) than the controls (49.8 μg) between pre-and post-intervention. Regarding the physical fitness markers, pre-intervention mean handgrip, forward jump and total fitness scores were all higher in the intervention group and similar for the 50-m run. Post-intervention, the difference was lost while the total fitness score increased rather among controls (p < 0.001). For the biochemical markers, both serum ferritin (mean difference in control = 18.2 μg/L versus intervention= 20.1 μg/L) and zinc (mean difference in control 14.4 μg/L versus intervention 69.4 μg/L) increased more in the intervention than the controls. BMI-for-age z-score did not change between the intervention and control (p = 0.894) post-intervention, while the total cognition score improves slightly more in controls (4.8 points, p < 0.001) than in the intervention group (3.3 points, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The results indicate that school children who consumed boiled eggs three times per week for three months had a higher mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamins A and B6. The mean serum ferritin and albumin levels improved significantly higher in the experimental group. Egg supplementation did not significantly improve physical fitness and cognitive test scores of school-aged children. From this study, egg supplementation may improve some nutrients among school children but effects on congintion and physical fitness may require further study.
{"title":"The effectiveness of egg supplementation on nutritional status, physical fitness and cognition of school-aged children (8–12 Years) in Ho Municipality, Ghana","authors":"Priscilla Cecilia Akpene Amenya , Reginald Adjetey Annan , Charles Apprey , Daniel Edem Kpewou , Isaac Agyei Annor","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Egg is a cheap source of essential micronutrients and high-quality protein, which can contribute to the daily nutritional needs of children, support their growth and brain development. Aim: The study evaluated the effectiveness of egg supplementation on nutritional status, physical fitness, and cognition of school-aged Children (8–12 Years) in Ho Municipality, Ghana.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A school-based, double-blind randomized controlled trial design was adopted. Children aged 8 to 12 years from government-run primary schools were randomly allocated to receive either egg supplementation three times a week for three months or no supplementation at all for three months. Dietary intakes using a repeated 24-h dietary recall, Raven's cognition test, fitness level, BMI-for-age, and serum levels of ferritin, zinc, and albumin were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At pre-intervention, mean intake of several nutrients, including energy, CHO, protein, fat, iron zinc and folate were significantly higher in the intervention group. Post-intervention, these differences significantly increased for protein, fat, and iron, and reduced for energy, carbohydrate, folate, vitamin B6 and 12. Children on egg supplementation had a much higher increase in vitamin A intake (142.0 μg) than the controls (49.8 μg) between pre-and post-intervention. Regarding the physical fitness markers, pre-intervention mean handgrip, forward jump and total fitness scores were all higher in the intervention group and similar for the 50-m run. Post-intervention, the difference was lost while the total fitness score increased rather among controls (p < 0.001). For the biochemical markers, both serum ferritin (mean difference in control = 18.2 <strong>μg/L versus intervention= 20.1 μg/L</strong>) and zinc (mean difference in control 14.4 <strong>μg/L versus intervention 69.4 μg/L</strong>) increased more in the intervention than the controls. BMI-for-age z-score did not change between the intervention and control (p = 0.894) post-intervention, while the total cognition score improves slightly more in controls (4.8 points, p < 0.001) than in the intervention group (3.3 points, p < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results indicate that school children who consumed boiled eggs three times per week for three months had a higher mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamins A and B6. The mean serum ferritin and albumin levels improved significantly higher in the experimental group. Egg supplementation did not significantly improve physical fitness and cognitive test scores of school-aged children. From this study, egg supplementation may improve some nutrients among school children but effects on congintion and physical fitness may require further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000082/pdfft?md5=eec39fabe0183204bf11c370e7af7355&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200249
Cynthia Batista Santos , Beatriz da Cruz Santos , Aline Rocha Reis , Liliane Viana Pires
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation has been used to improve cognitive outcomes in diseases associated with cognition. However, the influence of APOEε4 genotype on these relationships remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aims to discuss the evidence regarding the effects of DHA and EPA supplementation on cognitive decline variables and relate them to APOEε4 genotype in middle-aged and older adults. The Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Bireme/Lilacs databases were searched for studies, retrieving 1863 articles. After the step selection, two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on cognitive variables were included. All the methodological steps were performed by two raters. The results of the RCTs were not congruent, as the non-carriers in the APOEε4 supplemented group performed worse in the quick-choice reaction time cognitive domain, whereas the carriers improved in the reasoning domain. The increase in DHA concentration in the supplemented group was lower in APOEε4 carriers than in individuals with other genotypes. Additionally, a smaller decline in right hippocampal brain volume correlated with higher EPA concentrations after supplementation in APOEε4 non-carriers. The dosage and supplementation time (18 months) were similar between studies. In conclusion, DHA and EPA supplementation showed no pragmatic effects on cognitive variables when considering the presence of the APOEε4 allele.
补充二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)已被用于改善与认知相关疾病的认知结果。然而,APOEε4 基因型对这些关系的影响仍不清楚。因此,本系统综述旨在讨论有关补充 DHA 和 EPA 对中老年人认知能力下降变量的影响以及这些影响与 APOEε4 基因型之间关系的证据。研究人员在 Medline(通过 PubMed)、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Bireme/Lilacs 数据库中检索了 1863 篇研究文章。经过步骤选择后,纳入了两项评估补充 EPA 和 DHA 对认知变量影响的随机临床试验(RCT)。所有方法步骤均由两名评定员完成。RCT的结果并不一致,因为补充APOEε4的非携带者组在快速选择反应时间认知领域的表现较差,而携带者在推理领域的表现有所改善。与其他基因型的个体相比,APOEε4携带者补充组中DHA浓度的增加较低。此外,APOEε4非携带者补充EPA后,右侧海马体体积的下降幅度较小,而EPA浓度较高。不同研究的剂量和补充时间(18 个月)相似。总之,考虑到 APOEε4 等位基因的存在,补充 DHA 和 EPA 对认知变量没有实际影响。
{"title":"APOEε4 genotype and DHA and EPA supplementation on the outcomes of cognitive decline: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Cynthia Batista Santos , Beatriz da Cruz Santos , Aline Rocha Reis , Liliane Viana Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation has been used to improve cognitive outcomes in diseases associated with cognition. However, the influence of APOEε4 genotype on these relationships remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aims to discuss the evidence regarding the effects of DHA and EPA supplementation on cognitive decline variables and relate them to APOEε4 genotype in middle-aged and older adults. The Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Bireme/Lilacs databases were searched for studies, retrieving 1863 articles. After the step selection, two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on cognitive variables were included. All the methodological steps were performed by two raters. The results of the RCTs were not congruent, as the non-carriers in the APOEε4 supplemented group performed worse in the quick-choice reaction time cognitive domain, whereas the carriers improved in the reasoning domain. The increase in DHA concentration in the supplemented group was lower in APOEε4 carriers than in individuals with other genotypes. Additionally, a smaller decline in right hippocampal brain volume correlated with higher EPA concentrations after supplementation in APOEε4 non-carriers. The dosage and supplementation time (18 months) were similar between studies. In conclusion, DHA and EPA supplementation showed no pragmatic effects on cognitive variables when considering the presence of the APOEε4 allele.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000112/pdfft?md5=8e8e98fd6647546caadb94c2a049d313&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139494234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unmet minimum dietary diversity (MDD) feeding practices in poor nations place children at high risk of undernutrition and its related effects, which are far-reaching and difficult to correct later in life.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal nutrition education and another determinant on the dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months.
Methods
A community-based cluster randomized trial study design was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 in the Horo district. Twenty-three kebeles were assigned to two clusters. From two clusters, two kebeles were selected by simple random sampling. Two kebeles were assigned as intervention (150) and control (150) groups by the lottery method, at the end of the line as intervention (139) and control (137) groups. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The nutrition education intervention, which lasted three months and consisted of eight sessions, was given to the intervention group, which was made up of mothers and other caregivers of children aged 6–23 months.
Data entry into Epi-data and analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 26 computer software. At a 95% confidence level, values with P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. B-ivariable and multivariable conditional fixed-effect logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants of the dietary diversity score. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were used to describe the strength and direction of the association.
Result
The result was that the proportion of children with a good dietary diversity score was 52 (34.7%) and 40 (26.7%) in the control group and intervention groups at baseline, respectively. Household food security [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (2.45, 6.73] and being in the intervention group [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.29] were both positive predictors of the dietary diversity score, while maternal age (35–45 years) was a negative predictor.
Conclusion
At baseline, a high proportion of children aged 6–23 months did not receive the World Health Organization's minimum dietary diversity recommendation for both groups. The consumption of animal sources and vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables was poor among both groups. At the end of the day, after nutrition education, the dietary diversity score improved in the intervention groups but not in the control groups. New strategies and programs should be made at all levels to improve childhood nutritional status. This includes providing nutrition education for mothers aged between 35 and 45 years old.
{"title":"Effect of nutrition education on improving dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months in Horo district, Oromia region, Ethiopia","authors":"Gadise Adugna , Gudina Egata , Dinaol Abdissa Fufa , Derese Tamiru Desta","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Unmet minimum dietary diversity (MDD) feeding practices in poor nations place children at high risk of undernutrition and its related effects, which are far-reaching and difficult to correct later in life.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal nutrition education and another determinant on the dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A community-based cluster randomized trial study design was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 in the Horo district. Twenty-three kebeles were assigned to two clusters. From two clusters, two kebeles were selected by simple random sampling. Two kebeles were assigned as intervention (150) and control (150) groups by the lottery method, at the end of the line as intervention (139) and control (137) groups. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The nutrition education intervention, which lasted three months and consisted of eight sessions, was given to the intervention group, which was made up of mothers and other caregivers of children aged 6–23 months.</p><p>Data entry into Epi-data and analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 26 computer software. At a 95% confidence level, values with P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. B-ivariable and multivariable conditional fixed-effect logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants of the dietary diversity score. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were used to describe the strength and direction of the association.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The result was that the proportion of children with a good dietary diversity score was 52 (34.7%) and 40 (26.7%) in the control group and intervention groups at baseline, respectively. Household food security [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (2.45, 6.73] and being in the intervention group [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.29] were both positive predictors of the dietary diversity score, while maternal age (35–45 years) was a negative predictor.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>At baseline, a high proportion of children aged 6–23 months did not receive the World Health Organization's minimum dietary diversity recommendation for both groups. The consumption of animal sources and vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables was poor among both groups. At the end of the day, after nutrition education, the dietary diversity score improved in the intervention groups but not in the control groups. New strategies and programs should be made at all levels to improve childhood nutritional status. This includes providing nutrition education for mothers aged between 35 and 45 years old.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000069/pdfft?md5=9aed8c3144570db1d3fe655a822409d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241
Trong Hung Nguyen , Thi Thuy Bui , Quang Duc Tran , Thi Hang Diem , Tuyet Mai Truong , Hong Truong Nguyen , Danh Tuyen Le
Background
While some evidence has shown that the BMI component differentially influences bone mineral density (BMD), no studies have examined the association between BMI and BMD in Vietnamese adults. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between BMI and BMD in relatively healthy Vietnamese adults. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, BMD results measured by DXA and risk factors associated with BMD were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 333 customers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam. The customers (aged 20–50 years) underwent a nutrition evaluation and completed BMD examinations between January 1 and November 30, 2021. Osteopenia was defined as the BMD (Z-score) < -2. The correlation between BMI and BMD was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The study found that 7.7% of females and 4.6% of males had osteopenia at the lumbar spine, while 6.9% of females and 5.7% of males had osteopenia at the total hip. Our study discovered a significant relationship between BMI and normal BMD or osteopenia among both males and females, except for the lumbar spine in males. Notably, the results indicated that underweight individuals had a higher likelihood of developing osteopenia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between being overweight or obese and having a higher BMD was also confirmed.Our findings show that the BMI categories affect BMD differently and that being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia among 20-50-year-old Vietnamese. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a BMI-based pre-screening tool for osteopenia in this age group before the further examination.
{"title":"Assessing the relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in a clinical-based sample of Vietnamese aged 20–50: A generalized linear regression analysis","authors":"Trong Hung Nguyen , Thi Thuy Bui , Quang Duc Tran , Thi Hang Diem , Tuyet Mai Truong , Hong Truong Nguyen , Danh Tuyen Le","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>While some evidence has shown that the BMI component differentially influences bone mineral density (BMD), no studies have examined the association between BMI and BMD in Vietnamese adults. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between BMI and BMD in relatively healthy Vietnamese adults. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, BMD results measured by DXA and risk factors associated with BMD were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 333 customers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam. The customers (aged 20–50 years) underwent a nutrition evaluation and completed BMD examinations between January 1 and November 30, 2021. Osteopenia was defined as the BMD (Z-score) < -2. The correlation between BMI and BMD was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The study found that 7.7% of females and 4.6% of males had osteopenia at the lumbar spine, while 6.9% of females and 5.7% of males had osteopenia at the total hip. Our study discovered a significant relationship between BMI and normal BMD or osteopenia among both males and females, except for the lumbar spine in males. Notably, the results indicated that underweight individuals had a higher likelihood of developing osteopenia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between being overweight or obese and having a higher BMD was also confirmed.Our findings show that the BMI categories affect BMD differently and that being underweight increases the risk of osteopenia among 20-50-year-old Vietnamese. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a BMI-based pre-screening tool for osteopenia in this age group before the further examination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000033/pdfft?md5=495aa84a2ff17602b9677e3778500ea0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139419264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247
Benjamin Peter Michael Gummlich , Dirk Raddatz , Katja Susanne Claudia Gollisch
To date lifestyle intervention is the only proven therapy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we retrospectively analyze the influence of a structured, multimodal 52-week lifestyle intervention program on NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) as a marker for liver fibrosis. At baseline, 16/47 subjects (34.0%) in our cohort displayed elevated NFS levels suggestive for advanced stages of liver fibrosis. Already after the initial 12-week hypocaloric fasting phase with a formula diet, this number decreased significantly and continued to decrease until the end of the program to 10/47 (21.3%). At baseline, 48.9% of the participants had impaired glucose metabolism, as defined by impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c, or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. This proportion reduced markedly to 31.9% by the end of the program. The proportion of advanced stages of liver fibrosis was especially high in the subgroup of participants with impaired glucose metabolism. This group particularly benefited from the lifestyle intervention program in terms of their NFS. The present study demonstrates that participants of structured multimodal lifestyle intervention programs with formula diets can significantly improve their metabolic parameters, such as body weight, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipids, and substantially reduce their risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Primary care providers must be aware of the close link between impaired glucose metabolism and increased liver-related risk and refer their metabolically ill patients to effective programs.
{"title":"Intensive lifestyle intervention positively affects nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score (NFS) and key metabolic parameters: A retrospective study","authors":"Benjamin Peter Michael Gummlich , Dirk Raddatz , Katja Susanne Claudia Gollisch","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To date lifestyle intervention is the only proven therapy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we retrospectively analyze the influence of a structured, multimodal 52-week lifestyle intervention program on NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) as a marker for liver fibrosis. At baseline, 16/47 subjects (34.0%) in our cohort displayed elevated NFS levels suggestive for advanced stages of liver fibrosis. Already after the initial 12-week hypocaloric fasting phase with a formula diet, this number decreased significantly and continued to decrease until the end of the program to 10/47 (21.3%). At baseline, 48.9% of the participants had impaired glucose metabolism, as defined by impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c, or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. This proportion reduced markedly to 31.9% by the end of the program. The proportion of advanced stages of liver fibrosis was especially high in the subgroup of participants with impaired glucose metabolism. This group particularly benefited from the lifestyle intervention program in terms of their NFS. The present study demonstrates that participants of structured multimodal lifestyle intervention programs with formula diets can significantly improve their metabolic parameters, such as body weight, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipids, and substantially reduce their risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Primary care providers must be aware of the close link between impaired glucose metabolism and increased liver-related risk and refer their metabolically ill patients to effective programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000094/pdfft?md5=d0db5d39dd0a04df7e9247992a31e4a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anemia is a widespread health issue that affects approximately one-third of women of reproductive age in developing countries. While anemia during pregnancy is adequately addressed, it is often overlooked postpartum. This study aimed to determine the compliance with and barriers to Iron-Folic Acid supplementation (IFA) and its associated factors.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. These women were interviewed to assess their compliance with and barriers to IFA supplementation.
Results
Only 20.80 % of participants complied with IFA supplementation after childbirth, compared to 56.8 % who were compliant during pregnancy. The primary reason for noncompliance with IFA supplementation was a lack of counseling (93.5 %) by healthcare workers, forgetfulness (23.6 %), and bloating (30.8 %). Other barriers included a lack of awareness, sociocultural barriers, healthcare-related barriers, side effects, and misconceptions. Postnatal women aged 19–35 with obstetrical complications and who maintained Mother Child Protection cards were more likely to comply with IFA supplements.
Conclusion
Poor compliance with IFA supplementation reflects gross negligence of self-health care during the postpartum period, which can have long-term deleterious consequences on the mother's and her baby's health. Healthcare providers must deliver quality education, screen and monitor for anemia, and follow up on IFA supplementation to address the barrier postnatal women face. This can be achieved through culturally acceptable, comprehensive, and context-specific strategies.
背景贫血是一个普遍的健康问题,影响着发展中国家约三分之一的育龄妇女。虽然孕期贫血问题已得到充分解决,但产后贫血问题却常常被忽视。本研究旨在确定补充铁-叶酸(IFA)的依从性和障碍及其相关因素。 研究方法 对 312 名符合纳入标准的产后妇女进行了横断面研究。结果只有 20.80% 的参与者在产后坚持补充叶酸,而在孕期坚持补充叶酸的比例为 56.8%。不补充 IFA 的主要原因是缺乏医护人员的指导(93.5%)、健忘(23.6%)和腹胀(30.8%)。其他障碍包括缺乏认识、社会文化障碍、医疗相关障碍、副作用和误解。有产科并发症且持有母婴保护卡的 19-35 岁产后妇女更有可能遵守补充 IFA 的规定。医护人员必须提供优质教育,筛查和监测贫血情况,并跟踪 IFA 补充情况,以解决产后妇女面临的障碍。这可以通过文化上可接受的、全面的和针对具体情况的策略来实现。
{"title":"Compliance with Iron-Folic Acid supplementation, associated factors, and barriers among postpartum women in Eastern India","authors":"Moonjelly Vijayan Smitha , Indumathi P , Saswati Parichha , Sandhya Kullu , Sanchari Roy , Sapana Gurjar , Sapna Meena","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anemia is a widespread health issue that affects approximately one-third of women of reproductive age in developing countries. While anemia during pregnancy is adequately addressed, it is often overlooked postpartum. This study aimed to determine the compliance with and barriers to Iron-Folic Acid supplementation (IFA) and its associated factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. These women were interviewed to assess their compliance with and barriers to IFA supplementation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only 20.80 % of participants complied with IFA supplementation after childbirth, compared to 56.8 % who were compliant during pregnancy. The primary reason for noncompliance with IFA supplementation was a lack of counseling (93.5 %) by healthcare workers, forgetfulness (23.6 %), and bloating (30.8 %). Other barriers included a lack of awareness, sociocultural barriers, healthcare-related barriers, side effects, and misconceptions. Postnatal women aged 19–35 with obstetrical complications and who maintained Mother Child Protection cards were more likely to comply with IFA supplements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Poor compliance with IFA supplementation reflects gross negligence of self-health care during the postpartum period, which can have long-term deleterious consequences on the mother's and her baby's health. Healthcare providers must deliver quality education, screen and monitor for anemia, and follow up on IFA supplementation to address the barrier postnatal women face. This can be achieved through culturally acceptable, comprehensive, and context-specific strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000543/pdfft?md5=a259b8e27b34079315e7ed954692dfbe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149723000543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}