Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0125
Nicla De Zorzi
This article examines the inner structure, building principles, and hermeneutic code of a group of late Middle Bronze age teratomantic tablets from Tigunānum in northern Mesopotamia. While in the final evaluation, the Tigunānum teratomantic corpus is of southern Babylonian inspiration, it represents a very specific local reworking of this tradition. This article posits as its distinctive feature the use of a strongly gendered imagery and language that reflect the worldview of an extremely androcentric and militarized society. It also demonstrates a connection between the cultural conceptions underlying the Tigunānum omen corpus and the Old Hittite sphere, the mid-second-millennium world of northern Mesopotamia, and later Assyria.
{"title":"Teratomancy at Tigunānum: Structure, Hermeneutics, and Weltanschauung of a Northern Mesopotamian Omen Corpus","authors":"Nicla De Zorzi","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0125","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the inner structure, building principles, and hermeneutic code of a group of late Middle Bronze age teratomantic tablets from Tigunānum in northern Mesopotamia. While in the final evaluation, the Tigunānum teratomantic corpus is of southern Babylonian inspiration, it represents a very specific local reworking of this tradition. This article posits as its distinctive feature the use of a strongly gendered imagery and language that reflect the worldview of an extremely androcentric and militarized society. It also demonstrates a connection between the cultural conceptions underlying the Tigunānum omen corpus and the Old Hittite sphere, the mid-second-millennium world of northern Mesopotamia, and later Assyria.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"125 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46420695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0049
C. Crisostomo
In Old Babylonian Sumerian literature, the temporal phrases u4-ba and u4-bi-a typically occur in complementary distribution. Previous analyses have focused on morphological disparity to differentiate the two. The present paper considers pragmatic functions within a larger discourse structure, analyzing them as discourse markers, specifically temporal connectives. In this study based on a corpus analysis of Old Babylonian literary compositions, I argue that in Sumerian discourse, u4-ba primarily marks perspectival shifts and refocusing, and u4-bi-a indexes sequential and consequential action.
{"title":"The Sumerian Discourse Markers u4-ba and u4-bi-a","authors":"C. Crisostomo","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0049","url":null,"abstract":"In Old Babylonian Sumerian literature, the temporal phrases u4-ba and u4-bi-a typically occur in complementary distribution. Previous analyses have focused on morphological disparity to differentiate the two. The present paper considers pragmatic functions within a larger discourse structure, analyzing them as discourse markers, specifically temporal connectives. In this study based on a corpus analysis of Old Babylonian literary compositions, I argue that in Sumerian discourse, u4-ba primarily marks perspectival shifts and refocusing, and u4-bi-a indexes sequential and consequential action.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"132 1","pages":"49 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70749413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0109
I. Peled
This article surveys the textual attestations of the cultic performer designated by the logogram GALA in Hittite texts. This logogram, which originated in Mesopotamia, was apparently used for the Hittite word šaḥtarili, but the nature of the activities performed by the Mesopotamian and Hittite cultic practitioners designated in this manner was not identical. This should be assessed against the background of the nature of Mesopotamian-Hittite connections and cultural transmissions and the multifaceted cultural influences that shaped Hittite cult.
{"title":"Cultural Transformations from Mesopotamia to Hatti? The Case of the GALA","authors":"I. Peled","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0109","url":null,"abstract":"This article surveys the textual attestations of the cultic performer designated by the logogram GALA in Hittite texts. This logogram, which originated in Mesopotamia, was apparently used for the Hittite word šaḥtarili, but the nature of the activities performed by the Mesopotamian and Hittite cultic practitioners designated in this manner was not identical. This should be assessed against the background of the nature of Mesopotamian-Hittite connections and cultural transmissions and the multifaceted cultural influences that shaped Hittite cult.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"109 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45103084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0193
Mojca Cajnko
The paper begins with a brief introduction to case and case marking and a description of the Hittite corpus and the corpus of the research. The main part is devoted to the case marking of Sumerograms, an as yet unresearched and undescribed topic in Hittitology. The paper examines different possibilities for the case marking of Sumerograms on the level of the sentence and the functional value of phonetic complements. It also attempts to discern whether competition between formally case-marked and case-unmarked Sumerograms in the grammatical roles of subject and direct object was driven by grammatical factors, economy of writing or by other reasons.
{"title":"The Case Marking of Sumerograms in Hittite","authors":"Mojca Cajnko","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0193","url":null,"abstract":"The paper begins with a brief introduction to case and case marking and a description of the Hittite corpus and the corpus of the research. The main part is devoted to the case marking of Sumerograms, an as yet unresearched and undescribed topic in Hittitology. The paper examines different possibilities for the case marking of Sumerograms on the level of the sentence and the functional value of phonetic complements. It also attempts to discern whether competition between formally case-marked and case-unmarked Sumerograms in the grammatical roles of subject and direct object was driven by grammatical factors, economy of writing or by other reasons.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"193 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48312556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0247
J. C. Fincke
The edition of the series MUL.APIN by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1989) granted modern scholars access to the rather objective descriptions of the stars, the intercalation scheme and the lengths of days and nights compiled by Mesopotamian astronomers in the first millennium BCE. This article provides the publication of three more Neo-Assyrian exemplars from Nineveh, and joins made by Enrique Jiménez, Irving Finkel, and me to two Late Babylonian fragments that have already been used in the edition.
Hermann Hunger和David Pingree（1989）的MUL.APIN系列使现代学者能够获得美索不达米亚天文学家在公元前一千年汇编的对恒星、嵌入方案和昼夜长度的相当客观的描述。这篇文章提供了另外三个来自尼尼微的新亚述人样本的出版，并将恩里克·希门尼斯、欧文·芬克尔和我与本版中已经使用的两个晚期巴比伦人片段相结合。
{"title":"Additional MUL.APIN Fragments in the British Museum","authors":"J. C. Fincke","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0247","url":null,"abstract":"The edition of the series MUL.APIN by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1989) granted modern scholars access to the rather objective descriptions of the stars, the intercalation scheme and the lengths of days and nights compiled by Mesopotamian astronomers in the first millennium BCE. This article provides the publication of three more Neo-Assyrian exemplars from Nineveh, and joins made by Enrique Jiménez, Irving Finkel, and me to two Late Babylonian fragments that have already been used in the edition.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"247 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42123934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0003
C. Lecompte, Giacomo Benati
The present paper addresses a subgroup of cuneiform documents from the so-called Archaic Texts from Ur in Mesopotamia. The documents in this subgroup can be isolated within the bulk of the Archaic Texts due to their nonadministrative content. A fresh textual analysis of this dataset is combined with a discussion of the archaeological context of their provenance to highlight patterns in early Ur scribal training methods. The results of this integrated analysis are used to frame more precisely the significance of “Archaic Ur” scribal traditions, dating to the first part of the Early Dynastic period, within the cultural transition from the Late Uruk to the Early Dynastic III (“Fāra”) period in Mesopotamia.
{"title":"Nonadministrative Documents from Archaic Ur and from Early Dynastic I–II Mesopotamia: A New Textual and Archaeological Analysis","authors":"C. Lecompte, Giacomo Benati","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper addresses a subgroup of cuneiform documents from the so-called Archaic Texts from Ur in Mesopotamia. The documents in this subgroup can be isolated within the bulk of the Archaic Texts due to their nonadministrative content. A fresh textual analysis of this dataset is combined with a discussion of the archaeological context of their provenance to highlight patterns in early Ur scribal training methods. The results of this integrated analysis are used to frame more precisely the significance of “Archaic Ur” scribal traditions, dating to the first part of the Early Dynastic period, within the cultural transition from the Late Uruk to the Early Dynastic III (“Fāra”) period in Mesopotamia.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"3 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46838488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0033
A. Bramanti
This article presents two land texts (allotments of field) and one grain text (barley loan) originating from Early Dynastic Zabala. The high year numbers allow for the attribution of these texts to the ensiship of Me'annedu. The edition is followed by a prosopographical study which, supported by paleographical considerations, provides some guidelines for the identification of more documents belonging to the same archive.
{"title":"Three Administrative Texts from the Time of Me'annedu","authors":"A. Bramanti","doi":"10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0033","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents two land texts (allotments of field) and one grain text (barley loan) originating from Early Dynastic Zabala. The high year numbers allow for the attribution of these texts to the ensiship of Me'annedu. The edition is followed by a prosopographical study which, supported by paleographical considerations, provides some guidelines for the identification of more documents belonging to the same archive.","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"33 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0261
Norman Yoffee
This is an important book for a number of reasons. It marks new trends in historical studies in the area of the ancient eastern Mediterranean, if this geographical term can describe (greater) Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Mycenaean world. It considers fundamental issues of social organization, economics, and politics beyond royal personages and their bureaucracies, wars, great events, and preoccupations with ethnicities and migrations. The essays concern not only what was done but how were things done. Crucially one can extract from the essays new ideas about governments and society, especially about how people of various social standing were recruited into government service at several levels. Indeed, the book challenges prevailing conceptions of governments as separate from the rest of society. It’s not that these topics themselves are totally new, but the essays try to fit institutional forms and agents into a new model that can become a productive research agenda. Its main argument is that governments don’t coerce people into laboring for the state. The book is not an easy read. It stems from a conference held in 2005, and gathering the essays and moving them into print took ten years. An earlier version of one chapter, by Karen Radner, was already published in 2007. Several of the chapters are nearly monographic in length and in detail. Walther Sallaberger and Alexander Preuss devote 67 pages to the texts and archaeology of Tell Beydar dating to the middle of the third millennium; Piotr Steinkeller in 99 pages considers labor in the Ur III period; Seth Richardson reports in 92 pages on agriculture and construction in Larsa in the early Old Babylonian period; Michael Jursa summarizes labor in the first millennium BCE in 51 pages; Mark Lehner wins the palm for the lengthiest chapter, 125 pages, on the workers’ town at Giza; Ogden Goelet in 59 pages surveys labor in a variety of Egyptian periods; Linear B tablets are discussed by Dimitri Nakassis and Tom Palaima in two chapters together encompassing 65 pages. Piotr Steinkeller’s valuable introduction is 36 pages; Karl Lamberg-Karlovsky’s discussion of labor in the Neolithic of the Near East is 32 pages; Karen Radner’s chapter on hired labor in the Neo-Assyrian period is 15 pages; Michael Hudson’s concluding chapter is also 15 pages. The long chapters present much primary data, some tabulated numerical data, and there are also translations of texts. Whereas scholars who are adept in the various time-periods and places will appreciate these detailed presentations, other scholars of the “ancient world” and certainly all scholars of economics, ancient history, world history, politics, and so forth will either skip the discussions of the data or be confused by them. This book is part of a series of books edited by Michael Hudson and colleagues on aspects of the economy, mainly in Mesopotamia. The overall goals of the series are first to argue that ancient Mesopotamian economies are in some fundamental
{"title":"Labor Omnia Vincit","authors":"Norman Yoffee","doi":"10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0261","url":null,"abstract":"This is an important book for a number of reasons. It marks new trends in historical studies in the area of the ancient eastern Mediterranean, if this geographical term can describe (greater) Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Mycenaean world. It considers fundamental issues of social organization, economics, and politics beyond royal personages and their bureaucracies, wars, great events, and preoccupations with ethnicities and migrations. The essays concern not only what was done but how were things done. Crucially one can extract from the essays new ideas about governments and society, especially about how people of various social standing were recruited into government service at several levels. Indeed, the book challenges prevailing conceptions of governments as separate from the rest of society. It’s not that these topics themselves are totally new, but the essays try to fit institutional forms and agents into a new model that can become a productive research agenda. Its main argument is that governments don’t coerce people into laboring for the state. The book is not an easy read. It stems from a conference held in 2005, and gathering the essays and moving them into print took ten years. An earlier version of one chapter, by Karen Radner, was already published in 2007. Several of the chapters are nearly monographic in length and in detail. Walther Sallaberger and Alexander Preuss devote 67 pages to the texts and archaeology of Tell Beydar dating to the middle of the third millennium; Piotr Steinkeller in 99 pages considers labor in the Ur III period; Seth Richardson reports in 92 pages on agriculture and construction in Larsa in the early Old Babylonian period; Michael Jursa summarizes labor in the first millennium BCE in 51 pages; Mark Lehner wins the palm for the lengthiest chapter, 125 pages, on the workers’ town at Giza; Ogden Goelet in 59 pages surveys labor in a variety of Egyptian periods; Linear B tablets are discussed by Dimitri Nakassis and Tom Palaima in two chapters together encompassing 65 pages. Piotr Steinkeller’s valuable introduction is 36 pages; Karl Lamberg-Karlovsky’s discussion of labor in the Neolithic of the Near East is 32 pages; Karen Radner’s chapter on hired labor in the Neo-Assyrian period is 15 pages; Michael Hudson’s concluding chapter is also 15 pages. The long chapters present much primary data, some tabulated numerical data, and there are also translations of texts. Whereas scholars who are adept in the various time-periods and places will appreciate these detailed presentations, other scholars of the “ancient world” and certainly all scholars of economics, ancient history, world history, politics, and so forth will either skip the discussions of the data or be confused by them. This book is part of a series of books edited by Michael Hudson and colleagues on aspects of the economy, mainly in Mesopotamia. The overall goals of the series are first to argue that ancient Mesopotamian economies are in some fundamental","PeriodicalId":36366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"261 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42880769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0221
J. Haubold
This article makes two main points. First, the transmitted text of Enūma eliš can be more reliably construed than has hitherto been assumed, provided we take seriously the spelling of the manuscripts and the rules of Akkadian grammar. If we do this, and that is my second point, we can also make progress at the level of interpretation. To illustrate these claims, I look at two passages that have caused difficulties to modern readers. In Enūma eliš I.1–10 we encounter some forms that seem prima facie to defy the normal rules of Akkadian grammar. Through careful analysis of spelling, syntax, and poetic context I show that the text as it stands can in fact be securely construed. I then turn to a passage that the poet himself introduces as a masterpiece of verbal craft. In Enūma eliš II.61–70 the god Ea soothes the excited Anšar by reassuring him that he has the situation under control. I argue that existing translations misconstrue the personal pronoun šâši and consequently misinterpret the climactic final couplet of the speech. Clarifying the grammar of the passage enables us to establish not only what the text says, but also to appreciate it better.
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Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5615/JCUNESTUD.69.2017.0213
J. Glassner
Les Mésopotamiens créèrent des objets, des images et des signes qui avaient une fonction précise. À la suite d'une cristallisation de concepts produite par l'archéologie, on a pris l'habitude de parler à leur propos de « représentations ». Il est préférable d'y voir davantage des « présentification ». Tel fut le sens de šlm dans la Genèse, à propos du premier homme qui fut « à l'image de Dieu », entendons qu'il fut la manifestation de la puissance divine.
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