JBI evidence synthesis最新文献

Objective: This review aims to investigate which environmental approaches to cognitive rehabilitation are effective in improving cognitive and related functional outcomes for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to identify the components of these approaches.

Introduction: Individuals with cognitive impairments after sustaining TBI often have limited self-awareness and capacity for goal-directed behavior. Therefore, they are less likely to benefit from cognitive rehabilitation approaches requiring active and self-directed engagement. These individuals may benefit from environmental approaches, which involve manipulating the environment (eg, modifying physical, social, or task-related aspects of an individual's surroundings) to support cognitive function, activity, and participation. However, the evidence base underpinning this is poorly understood, highlighting the need for research synthesis.

Eligibility criteria: This review will consider studies that include participants aged 18 years or older with a TBI and evaluate an environmental intervention. We will include randomized controlled trials written in English, irrespective of publication date or status. Outcomes of interest will include cognitive and related functional outcomes (eg, impairment, activity, participation).

Methods: This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Information sources will include the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Two reviewers will independently select studies and extract data. Methodological quality will be appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials. We will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the certainty of evidence. Studies will be pooled with statistical meta-analysis where possible, accompanied by narrative synthesis.

Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42024592708.

Objective: The aim of this review was to synthesize women's experiences of maternity waiting homes (MWHs) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Globally, most maternal deaths occur in low-resource settings, with three-fourths of them occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. MWHs have been promoted as an approach to improving maternal health outcomes in these settings; however, utilization rates are low, and evidence is lacking on women's experiences of MWHs in sub-Saharan Africa.

Eligibility criteria: This review considered studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Qualitative studies conducted in English between January 2000 and July 2025 were considered for inclusion if they exclusively used qualitative research methods including, but not limited to, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, or feminist research.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, HINARI, Google Scholar, and MedNar databases were searched in July 2025. We used the standardized JBI tool to critically appraise the eligible studies. The meta-aggregative approach was used to synthesis the findings, and the ConQual approach was used to assess confidence in the findings.

Results: Ten studies were included for data extraction and synthesis. The review method yielded a total of 78 findings with original quotes. These findings were grouped into 13 categories based on similarity in meaning and subjected to in-depth analysis. The review generated 5 synthesized findings: i) Positive perceptions and attitudes motivate women to use MWH; ii) Fear of complications, high-risk pregnancies, and lack of awareness affect women's decision to use MWH; iii) Family support motivates the use of MWH, whereas women's lack of autonomy and household chores affect their decisions to use MWH; iv) Health facility-level factors such as lack of basic amenities and respectful care affect access to MWH; and v) Geographic barriers such as long distance and poor road conditions impede women's access to MWH.

Conclusions: Positive perceptions and attitudes motivated women to use MWHs; however, lack of autonomy, household chores, lack of awareness, lack of basic facilities, and geographic barriers affected women's decisions to use MWH. The findings from this review can be used to inform policies, practices, and research to improve women's access to maternal health services, including MWH, in sub-Saharan Africa.

Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022306003.

Objective: The objective of the review is to synthesize qualitative evidence on the views, experiences, and perspectives of service users and their informal carers, health care providers, managers, and decision-makers regarding factors influencing the de-implementation of seclusion and restraint in inpatient mental health settings.

Introduction: Seclusion and restraint, frequently used in mental health settings, are low-value health care interventions associated with numerous negative consequences and lack of therapeutic benefits. Conceptualizing the reduction, substitution, and elimination of these low-value interventions under the lens of de-implementation offers an innovative and promising approach.

Eligibility criteria: Qualitative studies exploring the views, experiences, and perspectives of adult mental health service users, their informal carers, health care providers, managers, and decision-makers regarding the de-implementation of seclusion and restraint will be considered for inclusion. Studies conducted in inpatient general mental health settings, excluding subspecialties, will be considered.

Methods: This review will follow the JBI methodology for qualitative reviews. The databases to be searched are CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library, Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and Web of Science. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be conducted independently by 2 authors. Following a meta-aggregation approach, the data synthesis will be guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Model of Prevention of Seclusion and Restraint Use in Mental Health. Methodological quality will be assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research, and confidence in the findings will be assessed using ConQual.

Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42024586670.

Objective: This scoping review aims to characterize evidence on implementation strategies to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in acute care settings.

Introduction: Decarbonizing health care sectors is important for the sustainability of health systems and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. While evidence on the environmental impacts of health care is growing, there is limited understanding of how interventions to reduce emissions are implemented and what strategies support health care adaptation to reduce emissions.

Eligibility criteria: Articles published in English since 1999 will be included if they report on interventions or implementation strategies to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in acute care settings. Eligible studies may use quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods and involve any health care professional, staff, clinical specialty, or activity (eg, recycling, anesthesia, prescribing). Studies conducted outside acute care or lacking information related to reducing carbon dioxide equivalent emissions will be excluded.

Methods: This review will follow JBI scoping review methodology. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus, and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) will be searched for peer-reviewed articles on emissions reduction in health care. Data will be extracted, synthesized, and categorized using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy of implementation strategies and the behavior change technique taxonomy. Results will be presented in tables, creating an inventory of intervention types and implementation strategies for reducing emissions in health care. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of strategies for reducing carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in acute care, contributing to efforts to decarbonize health care systems and support climate change mitigation.

Review registration: OSF https://osf.io/e8d4r.

Objective: The objective of this umbrella review will be to synthesize qualitative evidence on the experiences of resilience and resilience development in nursing students and new nurse graduates.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic drew attention to longstanding issues of burnout and stress among nurses. While the crisis has abated, burnout remains higher than in pre-pandemic levels. Within the nursing context, it has been shown that resilience enables nurses to adapt to workplace stressors positively.

Eligibility criteria: This review will include qualitative systematic reviews and meta-syntheses on resilience and resilience development in nursing students and new nurse graduates. There will be no limitations on participant age, type of academic program, gender, or ethnicity.

Methods: This review will follow the JBI methodology for umbrella reviews. A systematic search will be conducted of MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Embase (Ovid) to locate qualitative systematic reviews and meta-syntheses. Gray literature will be searched using Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (ProQuest). The reference lists of all included reviews will also be searched for relevant papers. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, and then full texts, against the eligibility criteria. The JBI Critical Appraisal Instrument for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses will be used to assess methodological quality of the data. Data will be extracted using a modified version of the JBI data extraction tool for systematic reviews and research syntheses. A narrative summary and tables will be used to present the review characteristics and findings. Key synthesized findings will be displayed in a Summary of Evidence, with conclusions and relevant recommendations for practice and research provided.

Review registration: PROSPERO CRD420250655717.

Objective: This scoping review aims to map the available literature on the assessment of clinical skills in laboratory settings in health education prelicensure programs.

Introduction: Prelicensure health programs are facing growing challenges in delivering learning experiences that sufficiently prepare students for safe practice as clinical settings contend with workforce shortages, rising workload demands, and increasingly complex patient populations. One safety component is the assessment of clinical skills prior to entering practice and caring for patients. Laboratory experiences generally include opportunities for hands-on practice and demonstration of a new clinical skill, such as medication administration or infection prevention and control measures. This scoping review is necessary as laboratory assessments play a crucial role in providing insights into students' readiness to perform relevant clinical skills prior to caring for patients in practice settings.

Eligibility criteria: This review will consider qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies on approaches and strategies used by faculty, staff, and/or students when assessing clinical skills in laboratory settings in health education prelicensure programs. Assessment of postlicensure health care professionals' clinical skills will be excluded.

Methods: This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched will include CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Embase.com), ERIC (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest), and Google (with advanced search strategies). Two independent reviewers will screen citations for inclusion as well as conduct data extraction and analysis. A third reviewer will resolve any disagreements. Data will be presented in tables and charts, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration: OSF https://osf.io/yz5bu.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the existing literature on alternative grading approaches in health professions education and how these approaches are implemented.

Introduction: Although traditional alphanumerical tiered grading methods are widely used in health professions education, this approach is typically insufficient in providing descriptive feedback, allowing formative assessment, and promoting deeper learning and clinical application. Alternative grading approaches, including competency-based assessment, pass-fail grading, ungrading, specifications grading, and others, are increasingly being implemented, but there is a gap in understanding which approaches are being used in which health professions programs and how the approaches are being implemented.

Eligibility criteria: This scoping review will focus on literature discussing alternative grading approaches, which are any formative, summative, or cumulative assessments that have been built outside the traditional alphanumerical tiered grading systems. The population will include health professions students, such as nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants, physicians, and allied health professionals.

Methods: The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Both published and unpublished literature will be located through a search strategy across PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase.com, ERIC (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and gray literature sources. Information sources will be searched from inception to the search date. Two reviewers will independently screen potential sources of evidence against the prespecified eligibility criteria. No date limits will be applied, and only articles published in English or with a published English translation will be included. Data will be extracted, and the results will be synthesized and presented in a tabular format.

Review registration: OSF https://osf.io/2czq8.