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Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash 再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与粉煤灰复合材料的微观结构与热性能
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010011
Nur Hazzarita Mohd Nasir, F. Usman, Ean Lee Woen, M. Ansari, A. Supian, S. Saloma
Nowadays, the environmental impact of plastic waste is crucial, and in the energy industry, fly ash, a type of solid waste, has also prompted severe ecological and safety concerns. In this study, we synthesised composite material from two industrial wastes: recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) as the matrix and fly ash as the filler. The effect of different fly ash loadings on the thermal behaviour and microstructure of the composite material using rPET were evaluated. Various loading amounts of fly ash, up to 68%, were added in the rPET mixtures, and composites were made using a single-threaded bar’s barrel extruder. The feeding zone, compression zone, and metering zone made up the three functional areas of the extruder machine with a single-flighted, stepped compression screw. The composite materials were subjected to DSC and SEM equipped with EDX spectroscopy tests to examine their thermal behaviour and microstructural development. It was found that the thermal behaviour of rPET improved with the addition of fly ash but degraded as the fly ash loading increased to 68%, as confirmed by the DSC study. The composites’ microstructural development revealed an even filler distribution within the polymer matrix. However, when the fly ash loading increased, voids and agglomeration accumulated, affecting the composites’ thermal behaviour.
如今,塑料垃圾对环境的影响至关重要,在能源行业,粉煤灰作为一种固体废物,也引发了严重的生态和安全问题。在本研究中,我们用两种工业废料合成了复合材料:回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(rPET)作为基体,粉煤灰作为填料。使用rPET评估了不同粉煤灰负载量对复合材料热性能和微观结构的影响。在rPET混合物中添加了高达68%的不同装载量的粉煤灰,并使用单螺杆的筒式挤出机制备了复合材料。进料区、压缩区和计量区构成了挤出机的三个功能区,该挤出机具有单叶片、阶梯式压缩螺杆。对复合材料进行DSC和SEM,并配备EDX光谱测试,以检查其热行为和微观结构发展。DSC研究证实,rPET的热性能随着粉煤灰的加入而改善,但随着粉煤灰负载量增加到68%而退化。复合材料的微观结构发展表明,聚合物基体中的填料分布均匀。然而,当粉煤灰负载量增加时,空隙和结块积聚,影响复合材料的热性能。
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引用次数: 1
Stabilization of Soft Soil by a Sustainable Binder Comprises Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS) and Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) 由磨碎的粒状高炉矿渣(GGBS)和水泥窑粉尘(CKD)组成的可持续粘结剂稳定软土
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010010
Ruqayah Al-Khafaji, A. Dulaimi, H. Jafer, Nuha Salim Mashaan, Shaker Qaidi, Zahraa Salam Obaid, Zahraa Jwaida
Due to its significant deficiencies such as low permeability, low bearing and shear strength, and excessive compressibility, soft soil is one of the most problematic types of soil in civil engineering and soil stabilization can be considered a suitable technique for pavements. This study investigates the use of ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) and cement kiln dust (CKD) as stabilizers for soft soil. Thus, this study involves two optimization stages; in the first stage, GGBS was incorporated into 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by the weight of cement to obtain the optimal percentage, which was 6%. Then, the optimal GGBS was blended with CKD in a binary system at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by the dry weight of the soil. The testing program used in this paper was Atterberg limits with compaction parameters to investigate the physical properties and unconfined compressive strength (USC) at 7 and 28 days to examine the mechanical characteristics. In addition, the microstructures of the soil specimens were tested at 7 and 28 days using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that the binary system enhanced the physical and mechanical properties of the soft soil. The optimum binder achieved in this study was 6% (25% GGBS and 75% CKD), which generates an increase in strength of about 3.3 times in 7 days, and of 5.5 times in 28 days in comparison to the untreated soil. The enhancement was attributed to the formation of the hydration products as approved by SEM. Consequently, in the case of soft subgrade soils, this technique can increase the pavement’s bearing capacity and performance.
由于其显著的缺陷,如低渗透性、低承载和抗剪强度以及过度压缩性,软土是土木工程中最有问题的土壤类型之一,土壤稳定可以被认为是一种适合路面的技术。研究了矿渣微粉(GGBS)和水泥窑尘(CKD)作为软土稳定剂的应用。因此,本研究涉及两个优化阶段;在第一阶段,将GGBS掺入按水泥重量计0%、3%、6%、9%和12%的水泥中,以获得6%的最佳百分比。然后,将最佳GGBS与CKD在二元体系中以土壤干重的0%、25%、50%、75%和100%混合。本文中使用的测试程序是具有压实参数的阿太堡极限,以研究第7天和第28天的物理性能和无侧限抗压强度(USC),从而检查机械特性。此外,在第7天和第28天使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对土壤样品的微观结构进行了测试。研究结果表明,二元体系增强了软土的物理力学性能。本研究中获得的最佳粘结剂为6%(25%GGBS和75%CKD),与未处理的土壤相比,其强度在7天内增加约3.3倍,在28天内增加5.5倍。SEM证实,这种增强归因于水化产物的形成。因此,在软路基土壤的情况下,这种技术可以提高路面的承载力和性能。
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引用次数: 5
The Uptake of Recycled Plastic in Manufacturing Companies: A Moral Responsibility or Worthwhile Business Strategy? 制造企业吸收再生塑料:道德责任还是值得的商业策略?
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010009
Owais Khan
The production and consumption of plastics, which is indispensable in our modern life, has caused severe environmental impacts. Hence, academics and policymakers have been advocating the circularity of plastics. The role of businesses—particularly manufacturing companies—is pivotal to ensuring the circularity of plastics. This study, therefore, attempted to investigate whether chief executives of manufacturing companies based in the EU are keen on the uptake of recycled plastic and, furthermore, whether the uptake of recycled plastic is a worthwhile business strategy. This study found that the attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of chief executives positively shape their behavioral intention toward the circularity of plastics. Furthermore, the behavioral intentions of chief executives positively influence the uptake of recycled plastic in manufacturing companies, which could consequently improve business performance. This study suggests measures to increase the uptake of recycled plastic among businesses.
塑料的生产和消费是我们现代生活中不可或缺的,已经造成了严重的环境影响。因此,学术界和政策制定者一直在提倡塑料的循环性。企业——尤其是制造业公司——的作用对于确保塑料的循环性至关重要。因此,这项研究试图调查欧盟制造公司的首席执行官是否热衷于回收塑料的吸收,此外,回收塑料的使用是否是一项有价值的商业战略。本研究发现,首席执行官的态度、主观规范和感知行为控制正向塑造了他们对塑料循环性的行为意图。此外,首席执行官的行为意图对制造企业回收塑料的使用产生了积极影响,从而可以提高企业绩效。这项研究提出了提高企业回收塑料使用率的措施。
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引用次数: 1
Upscaling of a Mechanochemical Devulcanization Process for EPDM Rubber Waste from a Batch to a Continuous System EPDM橡胶废料机械化学脱硫化工艺由批处理改为连续系统的升级改造
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010008
Larissa Gschwind, Carmen-Simona Jordan
The present work is a comparative study of the effects of mechanical shear, temperature, and concentration of a chemical agent on the devulcanization process of post-industrial ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) rubber waste. Devulcanization was carried out in a heating press (no shear), an internal mixer (low shear), and a co-rotating twin screw extruder (high shear) at temperatures ranging from 100 to 200 °C. The efficiency of pure dibenzamido diphenyl disulfide (DBD) and a commercial devulcanizing agent, Struktol A89®, containing DBD were studied. Based on the results, the devulcanization process was upscaled from 40 g per batch to a continuous process with a capacity of 270 g/h. The parameters were fine-tuned regarding flow rate, screw speed, and temperature. Blends of virgin rubber (VR) and 25, 50, and 75 wt% recyclates were compared with blends of VR and 25, 50, and 75 wt% of untreated RWP. The quality of the recyclate was determined by rheometer tests, SEM images, TGA, and mechanical properties. The best results were obtained with 2 wt% DBD in the extruder with a temperature profile of 120 to 80 °C, 50 rpm, and 4.5 g per minute (gpm). The tensile strength and strain at break of the recyclate already met the requirements of DIN EN 681-1:2006 for the production of sealing systems. The compression set and Shore A hardness were restored by mixing recyclate with 25 wt% VR.
本工作比较研究了机械剪切、温度和化学试剂浓度对工业后三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)废料脱硫过程的影响。在100至200°C的温度范围内,在热压机(无剪切)、内部混合器(低剪切)和同向旋转双螺杆挤出机(高剪切)中进行脱硫。研究了纯二苄脒基二苯二硫化物(DBD)和含有DBD的商业脱硫剂Struktol A89®的效率。基于这些结果,脱硫过程从每批40克升级为容量为270克/小时的连续过程。对流量、螺杆速度和温度等参数进行了微调。将原始橡胶(VR)和25、50和75wt%可回收物的共混物与VR和25、50wt%和75wt%未处理RWP的共混物进行比较。通过流变仪测试、SEM图像、TGA和机械性能确定回收物的质量。在挤出机中使用2 wt%的DBD获得最佳结果,温度分布为120至80°C、50 rpm和4.5克/分钟(gpm)。回收物的抗拉强度和断裂应变已经满足了DIN EN 681-1:2006对密封系统生产的要求。压缩永久变形和肖氏A硬度通过将回收物与25wt%VR混合而恢复。
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引用次数: 1
Development and Evaluation of Sustainable Bituminous Paver Blocks 可持续性沥青铺路砖的开发与评价
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010007
Padmakumar Radhakrishnan, Vignesh Dhurai
Most road surfaces globally are constructed using bituminous materials. The construction of new roads and the maintenance of existing ones demand a huge amount of virgin natural aggregates. Depletion of resources that takes place during the construction of the road has an impact on cost and also on the environment. Hence, there is a need to reduce virgin aggregate use for bituminous pavement construction. This can be achieved by utilizing sustainable materials such as marble waste and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in hot mix asphalt (HMA)-type road construction. This research work is focused on sustainable development goal (SDG) 12, exclusively on the target number 12.5 which describes the recycling and reuse of materials. However, no investigations were seen to be reported on the integrated utilization of sustainable materials and RAP in bituminous paver blocks. The bituminous mixes were evaluated based on strength and compared with the control mix in this study. Bituminous paver blocks were then cast using sustainable materials and tested in the laboratory to assess the performance of the blocks through a compression test, Cantabro loss test, and wheel rut test. The test results gave satisfactory values; hence, these bituminous blocks can be used for service maintenance of the pavement structures. The study indicates that using sustainable material along with RAP in blocks can provide an eco-friendly, easily maintainable pavement system which makes it a key approach to SDG 9 as well, in terms of innovative infrastructure solutions.
全球大多数路面都是使用沥青材料建造的。新建道路和维护现有道路需要大量的原生天然骨料。道路施工期间发生的资源消耗对成本和环境都有影响。因此,有必要减少沥青路面施工中使用的原始骨料。这可以通过在热拌沥青(HMA)型道路建设中利用大理石废料和再生沥青路面(RAP)等可持续材料来实现。这项研究工作的重点是可持续发展目标(SDG)12,专门针对描述材料回收和再利用的目标数字12.5。然而,没有关于可持续材料和RAP在沥青摊铺块中的综合利用的调查报告。根据强度对沥青混合料进行评估,并与本研究中的对照混合料进行比较。然后使用可持续材料浇注沥青摊铺机块,并在实验室中进行测试,通过压缩试验、Cantabro损失试验和车轮车辙试验来评估块的性能。试验结果给出了令人满意的数值;因此,这些沥青块可用于路面结构的维修保养。该研究表明,在街区中使用可持续材料和RAP可以提供一种环保、易于维护的路面系统,这也使其成为可持续发展目标9的关键方法,即创新的基础设施解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Release of PAH from Secondary Products Made from End-of-Life Tire Recyclates into 20% Aqueous Ethanol as Assessment of Human Dermal Absorption 从报废轮胎回收物制成的二次产品中释放PAH到20%乙醇水溶液中作为人体皮肤吸收的评估
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010006
S. Hoyer, L. Kroll, Benny Fischer, Kai Pisulla, A. Seidel
Compliance with the legal limits set at the European level for the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are harmful to human health and the environment, is of central importance for the recycling of rubber, particularly end-of-life tires (ELT), into secondary products, e.g., elastic fall protection mats or anti-slip mats for the transport sector. However, different regulations associated with different analytical methods apply to newly produced tires on the one hand and secondary products made from ELT on the other. Given these discrepancies, ELT can potentially contain levels of PAH, which can be problematic when reused in consumer products. The total PAH content, however, is not without doubt a reliable risk indicator, which should ultimately be based primarily on the transfer of the substances from the product into the skin of human beings or their release into the environment. Accordingly, additional studies are required to determine the extent to which migration-based measurements are more suitable for risk assessment and how the PAH content correlates with migration. Complementing the recently published results of PAH content in different types of ELT, this study investigates the release of PAH for a range of typical secondary materials composed entirely or partly of ELT. In the present study, migration tests with 20% aqueous ethanol were applied, a methodology that has been shown in previous investigations by others to reflect human skin exposure well, and the resulting migration rates of PAH are determined.
遵守欧洲对人类健康和环境有害的多环芳烃含量的法律限制,对于将橡胶,特别是报废轮胎回收为二次产品,例如运输部门的弹性防坠落垫或防滑垫,至关重要。然而,与不同的分析方法相关的不同法规一方面适用于新生产的轮胎,另一方面也适用于ELT制造的二次产品。考虑到这些差异,ELT可能含有PAH水平,当在消费品中重复使用时,这可能会产生问题。然而,PAH的总含量无疑是一个可靠的风险指标,其最终应主要基于物质从产品转移到人体皮肤或释放到环境中。因此,需要进行更多的研究,以确定基于迁移的测量在多大程度上更适合风险评估,以及PAH含量如何与迁移相关。作为对最近发表的不同类型ELT中PAH含量结果的补充,本研究调查了一系列完全或部分由ELT组成的典型次生材料的PAH释放。在本研究中,应用了20%乙醇水溶液的迁移测试,其他人在之前的研究中已经表明,这种方法很好地反映了人类皮肤暴露,并确定了由此产生的PAH迁移率。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Biomass Ash in Reinforced Clayey Soil: A Multiscale Analysis of Solid-State Reactions 生物质灰在加筋粘土中的应用:固体反应的多尺度分析
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010005
M. Fastelli, Costanza Cambi, A. Zucchini, P. Sassi, Elia Pandolfi Balbi, L. Pioppi, F. Cotana, G. Cavalaglio, P. Comodi
Clayey soils are treated with binding agents to improve their mechanical properties, as these soils are widely used in construction. The production of binding agents is an energy-intensive process and emits significant amounts of CO2. In addition, the interest in recycling industry waste materials has increased, and the management of significant waste from biomass power plants remains an issue. We used three biomass ashes derived from pellet, olive, and grapevine combustion as stabilizing agents of a clayey soil. The mechanical effects of the treatment on clay-ash mixtures were evaluated using confined compressive tests. The mixtures’ chemo-mineralogical evolution was evaluated through X-ray powder diffraction and quantitative Rietveld analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM). The FT-IR spectra showed an evolution of the Si-O-Si/Al features, with shifting band positions due to polymerization of the tetrahedral units. The EDS-SEM analysis showed an evolution of the Ca/Si distribution and the growth of pozzolanic reaction products, such as C-S-H nanocrystals and gels. This evidence confirms that the pozzolanic reaction occurs by dissolution of clay minerals and/or the amorphous phase of the ash, which affects the macroscopic behavior of clayey soils in terms of stiffening and strengthening, as confirmed by mechanical tests, albeit these effects are non-homogenous and continuous.
粘性土被广泛用于建筑,因此用粘合剂处理粘性土以提高其力学性能。结合剂的生产是一个能源密集型过程,会排放大量的二氧化碳。此外,人们对回收工业废料的兴趣增加了,对生物质发电厂的大量废物的管理仍然是一个问题。我们使用了来自颗粒、橄榄和葡萄藤燃烧的三种生物质灰烬作为粘性土壤的稳定剂。通过有限抗压试验评估了处理对粘土-灰混合物的力学影响。通过X射线粉末衍射和定量Rietveld分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和能量色散X射线光谱结合扫描电子显微镜(EDS-SEM)评估混合物的化学矿物学演化。FT-IR光谱显示了Si-O-Si/Al特征的演变,由于四面体单元的聚合,带位置发生了移动。EDS-SEM分析显示了Ca/Si分布的演变和火山灰反应产物(如C-S-H纳米晶体和凝胶)的生长。这一证据证实,火山灰反应是通过粘土矿物和/或灰的无定形相的溶解而发生的,这影响了粘性土在硬化和加固方面的宏观行为,正如机械试验所证实的那样,尽管这些影响是不均匀和连续的。
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of the Circular Economy Practices of Pesticide Container Waste in Pakistan 巴基斯坦农药容器废弃物循环经济实践分析
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010004
Ali Raza, S. A. A. Naqvi, Muhammad Abuzar Mehdi, Muhammad Usman, Sadia Ali, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Bilal Hussain
Empty pesticide container recycling helps control nonpoint source pollution and provides alternative sources for basic materials. This article investigates end users’ adoption of recycling their pesticide container waste and investigates the determinants influencing their adoption. The study uses an extensive farm survey of 210 farmers from the District Faisalabad of the Province of Punjab (Pakistan). It applies the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique to assess the impact of different elements, such as subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention, and environmental concerns, on end users’ adoption regarding recycling of pesticide empty container waste. The results explain that perceived behavioral control and intention to reuse pesticide container waste positively predict end users’ adoption. Furthermore, adoption is positively impacted by attitude, subjective norms, and environmental concerns via the intention to recycle pesticide container waste. The study urges the need to encourage end users to share responsibility for pesticide container waste management for a sustainable society.
空农药容器的回收利用有助于控制非点源污染,并为基本材料提供替代来源。本文调查了最终用户对回收其农药容器废物的采用情况,并调查了影响其采用的决定因素。这项研究使用了对旁遮普省(巴基斯坦)费萨拉巴德区210名农民的广泛农场调查。它应用偏最小二乘结构方程建模技术来评估主观规范、态度、感知行为控制、意图和环境问题等不同因素对最终用户采用农药空容器废物回收的影响。结果表明,感知的行为控制和重复使用农药容器废物的意愿对最终用户的采用具有正向预测作用。此外,通过回收农药容器废物的意图,态度、主观规范和环境问题对采用产生了积极影响。该研究敦促有必要鼓励最终用户为可持续社会分担农药容器废物管理的责任。
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引用次数: 1
Biological Pretreatment Effects on the Bioconversion of Brewer Spent Grain with Hermetia illucens Larvae 生物预处理对啤酒糟生物转化的影响
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010003
M. Sumba-Zhongor, E. Álava, L. Galarza, Johana Ortíz-Ulloa, E. Chica, O. Ruiz-Barzola, Julia Nieto-Wigby, M. Jimenez-Feijoó, Malena Torres-Ulloa
Hermetia illucens is an important species for waste management and the circular economy. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Trichoderma reesei C2A and Pleurotus sp. as pretreatments of brewer spent grain (BSG). BSG was inoculated with fungal solution or distilled water (control). After seven days, this was used for H. illucens larvae cultivation. At the end of bioconversion process, parameters of substrate reduction and H. illucens larval development were evaluated. Chemical properties of BSG, frass and larvae were also analyzed. With T. reesei C2A pretreatment, highest substrate reduction (46.3 ± 0.9%) was achieved, but larval growth rate was lower (1.0 ± 0.1 mg/d) than that of control (2.8 ± 0.2 mg/d). Larvae of Pleurotus sp. pretreatment had limited development, reflected in their negative growth rate (−0.6 ± 0.2 mg/d). In conclusion, cultivation of H. illucens larvae (six day old) on BSG pretreated with Pleurotus sp. is not recommended. On the other hand, T. reesei C2A pretreatment enhance BSG reduction, and its potential use for lignocellulosic waste management should be more explored.
黑草是废物管理和循环经济的重要物种。研究了里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei C2A)和侧耳菇(Pleurotus sp.)作为啤酒废粮预处理的效果。用真菌液或蒸馏水(对照)接种BSG。7天后,将其用于淡纹夜蛾幼虫的培养。在生物转化过程结束时,对底物还原和绿僵菌幼虫发育参数进行了评价。并分析了其化学性质。经C2A预处理后,底物减量最高(46.3±0.9%),但幼虫生长速度(1.0±0.1 mg/d)低于对照(2.8±0.2 mg/d)。预处理后平菇幼虫发育受限,表现为负生长速率(- 0.6±0.2 mg/d)。综上所述,不建议在经侧耳菇预处理的BSG上培养6日龄的黄芽孢杆菌幼虫。另一方面,T. reesei C2A预处理提高了BSG的还原效果,其在木质纤维素废弃物管理中的潜在应用值得进一步探索。
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引用次数: 0
Blending Recycled High-Density Polyethylene HDPE (rHDPE) with Virgin (vHDPE) as an Effective Approach to Improve the Mechanical Properties 再生高密度聚乙烯(rHDPE)与纯聚乙烯(vHDPE)共混是改善其力学性能的有效途径
IF 4.3 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.3390/recycling8010002
Jian Zhang, V. Hirschberg, D. Rodrigue
The mechanical properties of virgin/recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends over the complete concentration range was thoroughly investigated in this work. In particular, a focus was made on the long-term properties via mechanical fatigue. Two different mixing methods, namely powder mixing (dry blending) and extrusion mixing (melt blending), were used to determine the effect of processing conditions on the tensile and fatigue behavior of the blends after compression molding. It was found that both tensile (modulus, ultimate strength) and fatigue performances were improved with increasing vHDPE content. Based on the obtained data, a correlation between the blends composition and mechanical properties is reported. Moreover, it was observed that increasing the vHDPE content led to slower crack propagation rate, probably due to less defects (contamination) in the blends. Finally, a negligible difference in mechanical properties (fatigue resistance) between both mixing approaches was observed, but samples produced via powder mixing showed less viscous dissipation (heat generation) as the vHDPE content increased, leading to lower surface temperature rise which can be an advantage for specific applications.
本工作深入研究了原始/再生高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物在整个浓度范围内的力学性能。特别是,重点是通过机械疲劳的长期性能。使用两种不同的混合方法,即粉末混合(干式混合)和挤出混合(熔融混合),来确定加工条件对压缩成型后共混物拉伸和疲劳行为的影响。研究发现,随着vHDPE含量的增加,拉伸性能(模量、极限强度)和疲劳性能都有所改善。根据获得的数据,报道了共混物的组成与力学性能之间的相关性。此外,据观察,增加vHDPE含量会导致裂纹扩展速率减慢,这可能是由于共混物中的缺陷(污染)较少。最后,观察到两种混合方法之间的机械性能(抗疲劳性)差异可以忽略不计,但随着vHDPE含量的增加,通过粉末混合生产的样品显示出较少的粘性耗散(热量产生),从而导致较低的表面温升,这对特定应用来说可能是一个优势。
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引用次数: 6
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Recycling
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