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The role of a single lingua franca in scientific inquiry: Benefits and risks 单一通用语在科学探究中的作用:好处和风险
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3828/EJLP.2021.4
E. König
Abstract:This paper discusses the role of English as the current lingua franca academica in contrast to a multilingual approach to scientific inquiry on the basis of four perspectives: a cognitive, a typological, a contrastive and a domain-specific one. It is argued that a distinction must be drawn between the natural sciences and the humanities in order to properly assess the potential of either linguistic solution to the problem of scientific communication. To the extent that the results of scientific research are expressed in formal languages and international standardised terminology, the exclusive use of one lingua franca is unproblematic, especially if phenomena of our external world are under consideration. In the humanities, by contrast, especially in the analysis of our non-visible, mental world, a single lingua franca cannot be regarded as a neutral instrument, but may more often than not become a conceptual prison. For the humanities the analysis of the conceptual system of a language provides the most reliable access to its culture. For international exchange of results, however, the humanities too have to rely on a suitable lingua franca as language of description as opposed to the language under description.Résumé:Cet article a pour objet la prise en compte du rôle de l’anglais en tant que lingua franca académique, en contraste avec une approche plurilingue de la démarche scientifique, sur la base de quatre perspectives : cognitive, typologique, comparative et spécifique à un domaine. Il est généralement admis qu’il est nécessaire d’appréhender différemment les sciences ‘dures’ des sciences humaines, afin de déterminer quelle stratégie linguistique est la mieux adaptée pour la communication scientifique. Etant donné que les résultats de la recherche scientifique sont transmis dans des langues formelles à l’aide d’une terminologie internationale standardisée, l’emploi unilatéral d’une lingua franca ne pose pas de problèmes, notamment s’il s’agit de phénomènes liés au monde naturel. Par contre, en sciences humaines, et plus particulièrement dans l’analyse du monde non visible, lié à la cognition, une seule lingua franca ne peut être considérée comme un instrument neutre, car elle serait perçue comme un enfermement. En effet, dans le domaine des sciences humaines, l’analyse du système conceptuel d’une langue est le moyen le plus fiable d’accéder à la culture qu’elle véhicule. Cependant, pour partager les résultats et les analyses, même les sciences humaines doivent compter sur une lingua franca appropriée comme moyen de description par opposition à une langue comme objet de description.
摘要:本文讨论了英语作为当前学术通用语言的作用,与基于四种观点的多语言科学探究方法形成对比:认知、类型、对比和特定领域。有人认为,必须在自然科学和人文学科之间作出区分,以便适当评估科学交流问题的两种语言解决方案的潜力。就科学研究结果以正式语言和国际标准化术语表达的程度而言,仅使用一种通用语言是不合理的,特别是如果正在考虑我们外部世界的现象。相比之下,在人文学科中,特别是在分析我们不可见的心理世界时,单一通用语言不能被视为一种中立的工具,但可能经常成为一座概念监狱。对语言概念体系的分析为人类提供了最可靠的文化途径。然而,为了国际交流结果,人文学科也必须依赖一种合适的通用语言作为描述语言,而不是描述下的语言。摘要:本文的目的是考虑英语作为学术通用语言的作用,与基于四个视角的多语言科学方法形成对比:认知、类型、比较和特定领域。人们普遍认为,有必要以不同的方式理解“硬”科学和人文科学,以确定哪种语言策略最适合科学交流。由于科学研究成果是使用标准化的国际术语以正式语言传播的,因此单方面使用通用语言不会造成问题,特别是在涉及与自然世界有关的现象时。另一方面,在人文学科中,特别是在分析与认知相关的不可见世界时,单一通用语言不能被视为中性工具,因为它将被视为一种封闭。事实上,在人文学科中,分析语言的概念系统是获取其所承载文化的最可靠方法。然而,为了分享结果和分析,即使是人文学科也必须依靠适当的通用语言作为描述手段,而不是语言作为描述对象。
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引用次数: 1
La pensée scientifique contre les langues 反对语言的科学思想
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3828/EJLP.2021.2
Jürgen Trabant
Dès son début, la pensée scientifique européenne se méfie de la langue. Elle se veut universelle et, en effet, semble l’être dans son monolinguisme grec ou latin. Mais, avec la découverte des langues vulgaires et des langues du monde et de leurs sémantiques particulières, cet universalisme est en danger. Une nouvelle langue scientifique doit être créée. La philosophie scientifique moderne exige de dépasser la langue naturelle, de transformer les mots en signes.
从一开始,欧洲科学思想就对语言持谨慎态度。它的目的是普遍的,事实上,它的希腊语或拉丁语单语似乎是普遍的。但是,随着庸俗语言和世界语言及其特殊语义的发现,这种普遍主义正处于危险之中。必须创造一种新的科学语言。现代科学哲学要求超越自然语言,将文字转化为符号。
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引用次数: 0
Between internationalising science and multilingualising knowledge 在科学国际化和知识多语化之间
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3828/EJLP.2021.6
Laurent Gajo, Gabriela Steffen, Patchareerat Yanaprasart
This article raises the question of the conditions for the internationalisation of universities, its links with linguistic practices and its impact on the dynamics of scientific knowledge. First, it questions the notion of internationalisation, defined in a variable manner and affecting both institutions and knowledge. The links between internationalisation and language (non-)choices (monolingual or plurilingual) have been established. They challenge both the governance of universities and the implementation of curricula. Secondly, this article proposes a reflection on three major functions of language and discourse: communication, representation and contextualisation. It shows that policies in favour of monolingualism in science generally favour the function of communication. The importance of these functions varies, moreover, according to the nature of the scientific practices considered, more or less contextualised and more or less central for the development of knowledge. Third, the article looks at a study carried out within the framework of a national research funding agency in a multilingual country. It describes language practices in research evaluation across a variety of disciplines but focuses in particular on the representations of research advisers regarding the links between science and language(s). In conclusion, this article emphasises the importance, for academic institutions, to develop an explicit, socially responsible language policy that is aware of the consequences of decisions made along the entire educational chain.
本文提出了大学国际化的条件、大学国际化与语言实践的联系及其对科学知识动态的影响等问题。首先,它质疑国际化的概念,国际化以一种可变的方式定义,并影响到制度和知识。国际化和语言(非)选择(单语或多语)之间的联系已经建立。它们对大学的管理和课程的实施都提出了挑战。其次,本文对语言和话语的三大功能进行了反思:交际、表征和语境化。这表明,支持科学单语主义的政策通常有利于沟通的功能。此外,根据所考虑的科学实践的性质,这些功能的重要性也各不相同,或多或少地与背景有关,或多或少地是知识发展的核心。第三,本文着眼于在一个多语言国家的国家研究资助机构框架内进行的一项研究。它描述了各种学科的研究评估中的语言实践,但特别关注研究顾问对科学和语言之间联系的表述。总之,本文强调了学术机构制定明确的、对社会负责的语言政策的重要性,该政策要意识到整个教育链上所做决定的后果。
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引用次数: 0
The future of language education in Europe: case studies of innovative practices 欧洲语言教育的未来:创新实践的案例研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3828/EJLP.2021.7C
Emmanuelle Le Pichon-Vorstman, Hanna Siarova, Eszter Szőnyi
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引用次数: 11
The hegemonic position of English in the academic field 英语在学术领域的霸权地位
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3828/EJLP.2021.5
F. X. V. I. Moreno
English has achieved a hegemonic position in the field of science and technology and is gaining ground as the means of instruction in higher education. These developments have raised concern in numerous circles about the effects of the reduction of multilingualism in the academic fields, and some authors have warned against a possible scientific diglossia that might reduce all language but English to the status of non-academic languages. In this paper we argue that this approach is insufficient because it misses two fundamental points: on the one hand, it reduces the scientific field to only one of its dimensions, namely publication in scholarly articles, whereas academic life includes many other scholarly activities; on the other hand, the number of academic languages has actually increased in the last decades. Confronting these approaches, we propose to understand the aforementioned evolution in terms of a socioeconomic transformation which has triggered a number of new language choices. Plurilingualism has been a traditional feature of communities with an academic language, and we illustrate this plurilingualism with Catalan, a language that regained the status of academic language in the 1970s and is currently used side by side with Castilian and with English. To finish, some considerations are raised about the risk that English goes beyond its role of academic lingua franca and becomes appropriated as a legitimate vehicle of in-group interaction among members of other communities.
英语已经在科学技术领域占据了霸权地位,并作为高等教育的教学手段正在取得进展。这些事态发展引起了许多圈子对学术领域减少使用多种语言的影响的担忧,一些作者警告说,可能出现的科学双重语言可能会使除英语外的所有语言都沦为非学术语言。在本文中,我们认为这种方法是不够的,因为它忽略了两个基本点:一方面,它将科学领域缩小到只有一个维度,即在学术文章中发表,而学术生活包括许多其他学术活动;另一方面,在过去的几十年里,学术语言的数量实际上有所增加。面对这些方法,我们建议从社会经济转型的角度来理解上述演变,这引发了许多新的语言选择。多语主义一直是学术语言社区的传统特征,我们用加泰罗尼亚语来说明这种多语主义,加泰罗尼亚语在20世纪70年代重新获得了学术语言的地位,目前与卡斯蒂利亚语和英语并列使用。最后,人们对英语超越其学术通用语的作用,成为其他社区成员之间群体互动的合法工具的风险提出了一些考虑。
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引用次数: 1
Langues et création mathématique 语言与数学创造
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3828/EJLP.2021.3
H. Volken
Résumé:Les mathématiques s’apparentent-elles à une langue idéale, tellement univoque et précise que le problème pratique de la traduction d’une langue à une autre ne pose guère de problèmes ? Ce n’est pas si simple si nous considérons toutes les phases de la création mathématique, et non seulement la dernière, qui consiste à formaliser les résultats et par conséquent à atténuer le plus possible l’importance des subtilités linguistiques inhérentes au langage vernaculaire. Nous suggérons le point de vue suivant. Dans les phases antérieures à la formalisation, dans ces moments-clés qui consistent à décrire la situation, à esquisser une voie de solution, à discuter la procédure, à argumenter de la méthode, le plurilinguisme peut offrir une vision stéréoscopique permettant de prendre du recul, d’être plus critiques et de sortir de certains chemins trop balisés dans une langue unique. Pour illustrer cela, nous nous limitons au domaine des mathématiques classiques, où, à l’aide de trois exemples historiques, nous retraçons l’émergence de concepts et d’idées inattendus, émergence favorisée par des approches linguistiques différenciées et par le recul ainsi obtenu.Abstract:Is mathematics akin to an ideal language, so unambiguous and precise that the practical problem of translating from one language to another poses little or no problem? If we consider all the phases of mathematical creation, and not just the final step, it is not so simple. The last phase consists in formalising the results, therefore reducing the important linguistic subtleties of commonly spoken language as much as possible. Prior to formalisation, in these key moments which consist in describing the situation, in sketching out a solution path, in discussing the procedure, in arguing about the method, we suggest that multilingualism offers an additional dimension analogous to the stereoscopic vision of a photograph, allowing to take a step back, to be more critical and to step out of certain too strongly marked paths dictated by a single language. To illustrate this, we limit ourselves to the field of classical mathematics in which, with the help of three well-known historical examples, we trace the emergence of unexpected concepts and ideas, an emergence favoured by differentiated linguistic approaches and by the hindsight thus obtained.
摘要:数学是否类似于一种理想的语言,如此明确和精确,以至于从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的实际问题几乎没有问题?如果我们考虑数学创造的所有阶段,而不仅仅是最后一个阶段,这并不是那么简单,这包括将结果形式化,从而尽可能减少当地语言固有的语言复杂性的重要性。我们建议以下观点。在形式化之前的阶段,在这些关键时刻,包括描述情况、概述解决方案、讨论程序、辩论方法,多语言可以提供一种立体视觉,使我们能够后退一步,更加批判性,并摆脱某些用单一语言过度标记的路径。为了说明这一点,我们将自己局限于古典数学领域,在三个历史例子的帮助下,我们追溯了意想不到的概念和想法的出现,这些概念和想法是由差异化的语言方法和由此获得的后坐力促进的。摘要:数学是否如此模糊和精确,以至于从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的实际问题几乎没有问题?如果我们考虑数学创造的所有阶段,而不仅仅是最后一步,那就不那么简单了。最后一个阶段包括将结果正式化,从而尽可能减少普通口语的重要语言微妙之处。在形式化之前,在这些关键时刻,包括描述情况、勾勒出解决方案路径、讨论程序和争论方法,我们建议,多语言主义提供了一个与照片立体视觉相似的额外维度,允许后退一步,变得更具批判性,并走出单一语言规定的某些过于强烈的标记路径。为了说明这一点,我们将自己局限于古典数学领域,在三个众所周知的历史例子的帮助下,我们追踪了意想不到的概念和想法的出现,这一出现受到了不同语言方法和后来获得的见解的青睐。
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引用次数: 0
Language policy and the status of languages in contemporary Catalonia: A public debate 语言政策与语言在当代加泰罗尼亚的地位:一场公开辩论
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.3828/ejlp.2020.11
J. Soler, Iker Erdocia
Abstract:Language ideological debates are a constant feature of virtually all language contact situations, particularly in contexts of a conflictive nature. In this article, we analyse one recent debate about languages in Catalonia. In April 2016 a group of linguists and language professionals published a manifesto – the Manifest Koiné – that provoked an explosion of opinions in mass-media outlets in the region. In the article, we analyse both the content of the manifesto and the reactions that it sparked. Our analysis shows that in presenting the situation of Catalan in a rather pessimistic light, the manifesto finds itself in line with a long-solidified line of thought in the Catalan language imaginary. At the same time, the negative terms that are used to portray both Spanish and bilingualism in the manifesto are the points that gathered the strongest opposition during the debate. In addition, the single official status for Catalan in an imagined future independent state (the position implicitly endorsed by the manifesto) also was not supported in the debate. We conclude that these results are in line with the changing nature of the language ideological landscape that Catalonia has experienced over the last decades.
摘要:语言意识形态辩论是几乎所有语言接触情况下的一个不变特征,尤其是在冲突性质的背景下。在这篇文章中,我们分析了最近一场关于加泰罗尼亚语言的辩论。2016年4月,一群语言学家和语言专业人士发表了一份宣言——Manifest Koiné,在该地区的大众媒体上引发了意见的爆炸。在这篇文章中,我们分析了宣言的内容及其引发的反应。我们的分析表明,在以相当悲观的眼光呈现加泰罗尼亚语的情况时,宣言发现自己符合加泰罗尼亚语想象中长期固化的思想路线。与此同时,宣言中用来描述西班牙语和双语的负面术语是辩论中最强烈反对的观点。此外,加泰罗尼亚人在想象中的未来独立国家中的单一官方地位(宣言隐含支持的立场)也没有在辩论中得到支持。我们得出的结论是,这些结果符合加泰罗尼亚在过去几十年中经历的语言意识形态景观的变化性质。
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引用次数: 4
Power, ideology and language policies in Scotland 苏格兰的权力、意识形态和语言政策
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.3828/ejlp.2020.9
Abhimanyu Sharma
Abstract:This paper deals with the role of power and ideology in language policies in Scotland and focuses on how policies promote certain languages whilst disadvantaging others. It investigates pre- and post-devolutionary legislation on language use in Scotland and examines how the role of power in policymaking has changed since the devolution of powers in 1998. Using Tollefson's Historical Structural Analysis (HSA), the paper analyses the historical and structural factors underpinning these changes. Moreover, the paper also uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to assess how the changes in sociopolitical context are reflected at the textual level.Résumé:Cet article traite du rôle du pouvoir et de l'idéologie dans les politiques linguistiques en Écosse, et se concentre sur la façon dont les politiques promeuvent certaines langues, tout en désavantageant d'autres. Il étudie la législation sur l'utilisation des langues en Écosse avant et après la dévolution, et examine comment le rôle du pouvoir dans l'élaboration des politiques a changé depuis la dévolution des pouvoirs en 1998. À l'aide de l'analyse structurelle historique (HSA) de Tollefson, le document analyse les facteurs historiques et structuraux qui sous-tendent ces changements. En outre, le document utilise l'analyse critique du discours (CDA) pour évaluer comment les changements dans le contexte sociopolitique se reflètent au niveau des textes.
摘要:本文讨论了权力和意识形态在苏格兰语言政策中的作用,并重点讨论了政策如何促进某些语言的发展,同时不利于其他语言的发展。它调查了苏格兰在权力下放前和权力下放后的语言使用立法,并研究了自1998年权力下放以来,权力在政策制定中的作用是如何变化的。本文运用托勒夫森的历史结构分析(HSA),分析了支撑这些变化的历史和结构因素。此外,本文还运用批判性话语分析(CDA)来评估社会政治语境的变化是如何在语篇层面上反映出来的。1 .关于“trite du rôle du pouvoir et de l' idsamologie dles politiques linguistiques en Écosse”这一条款,即“let se concentre sur la farsion not les politiques promotes某些语言,tout en dsamuant d'autres”。我们将研究关于 )和关于 ····· ·······的《关于 ···············》的评论,并审查1998年关于《························À l'aide de l'analyse structurelle historque (HSA) de Tollefson, le document分析les factors historiques和structuraux quous - trend ces的变化。总之,我们的文件利用“话语分析批评”(CDA),对变化的社会政治背景进行评价,并对新文本进行反思。
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引用次数: 0
Developing Kazakh students' intercultural awareness and communication through collaborative technologies 通过合作技术培养哈萨克斯坦学生的跨文化意识和沟通能力
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.3828/ejlp.2020.12
Perizat Yelubayeva, A. Mustafina
Abstract:Intercultural communication is a fundamental aspect in EFL classrooms since language teaching (LT) classrooms have tended to provide learners with environments to improve their cultural awareness and intercultural communication in the academic discourses. Researches of both spoken and written discourses have demonstrated that linguistic phenomena are related to their society and culture. The present paper is concerned with the impact of using collaborative technologies to create a relaxed and open atmosphere for language learning, increase retention of cultural background knowledge and stimulate both creative and critical thinking during language classrooms at Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages. This paper outlines the culture-aware collaborative technologies founded on task-based approach within a discourse view of language, culture and communication, and presents the findings on how those culturally sensitive communication tasks in foreign-language teaching can influence people to succeed in collaboration with the target language users in a sociocultural context. The initiatives to create an intercultural environment and encourage effective intercultural collaboration in EFL classrooms has a positive impact on language learners' personal and professional development, with greater understanding of social and cultural issues, ethical awareness and intercultural communication.Résumé:La communication interculturelle est un aspect fondamental dans les salles de classe d'anglais langue étrangère (EFL) puisque les salles de classe d'enseignement des langues ont eu tendance à fournir aux apprenants des environnements pour améliorer leur conscience culturelle et la communication interculturelle dans les discours académiques. Les recherches sur les discours parlés et écrits ont démontré que les phénomènes linguistiques sont liés à leur société et à leur culture. Le présent article s'intéresse à l'impact de l'utilisation de technologies collaboratives pour créer une atmosphère détendue et ouverte pour l'apprentissage des langues, accroître la rétention des connaissances culturelles et stimuler la pensée créative et critique lors des cours de langue à l'Université kazakhe Ablai Khan des relations internationales et des langues du monde. Cet article décrit les technologies collaboratives, sensibles à la culture, fondées sur une approche basée sur les tâches dans une vision discursive de la langue, de la culture et de la communication. Il présente les résultats sur la façon dont ces tâches de communication culturellement sensibles dans l'enseignement des langues étrangères peuvent influencer les gens à réussir en collaboration avec les utilisateurs de langues cibles dans un contexte socioculturel. Les initiatives visant à créer un environnement interculturel et à encourager une collaboration interculturelle efficace dans les salles de classe EFL ont un impact positif sur le développement personnel et professi
摘要:跨文化交流是EFL课堂的一个基本方面,因为语言教学(LT)课堂旨在为学习者提供环境,以提高他们在学术演讲中的文化意识和跨文化交流。对口头和书面话语的研究表明,语言现象与其社会和文化有关。本文关注的是使用协作技术为语言学习创造一个轻松开放的氛围的影响,增加对文化背景知识的保留,并在哈萨克斯坦阿布拉伊汗国际关系和世界语言大学的语言课堂上激发创造性和批判性思维。本文概述了基于语言、文化和交流话语观点中基于任务的方法的文化意识协作技术,并介绍了外语教学中文化敏感的交流任务如何影响人们在社会文化背景下与目标语言用户合作取得成功的发现。创造跨文化环境和鼓励EFL课堂有效跨文化合作的举措对语言学习者的个人和专业发展产生了积极影响,提高了对社会和文化问题、道德意识和跨文化交流的理解。摘要:跨文化交流是英语作为外语(EFL)课堂的一个基本方面,因为语言教学课堂往往为学习者提供环境,以提高他们在学术话语中的文化意识和跨文化交流。对口头和书面话语的研究表明,语言现象与其社会和文化有关。本文探讨了在哈萨克斯坦Ablai Khan国际关系和世界语言大学的语言课程中,使用协作技术为语言学习创造轻松开放的氛围,提高文化知识的保留率,激发创造性和批判性思维的影响。本文从语言、文化和交流的话语视角描述了基于任务的协作、文化敏感技术。它介绍了外语教学中这些文化敏感的交流任务如何影响人们在社会文化背景下与目标语言使用者合作取得成功的结果。旨在创造跨文化环境和鼓励EFL课堂上有效的跨文化合作的举措,通过更好地理解社会和文化问题、道德意识和跨文化交流,对语言学习者的个人和专业发展产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Languages and the coronavirus crisis 语言与冠状病毒危机
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.3828/ejlp.2020.13
M. Kelly
Abstract:This article offers a first mapping of the issues raised in recent discussions concerning languages in relation to the coronavirus crisis. It reviews early contributions by scholars along with material from magazines, newspapers, online publications, blogs, official documents and other sources. It identifies broad areas of interest for languages and sketches some of the issues which are likely to emerge as needing sustained investigation.Résumé:Cet article propose une première mise en ordre des questions soulevées dans les discussions récents concernant les langues en relation avec la crise du coronavirus. Il passe en revue les premières contributions des universitaires ainsi que des documents provenant de magazines, journaux, publications en ligne, blogs, documents officiels et autres sources. Il identifie de vastes domaines d'intérêt pour les langues et esquisse certains des problèmes susceptibles d'émerger comme nécessitant une enquête soutenue.
摘要:本文首次绘制了最近关于冠状病毒危机相关语言讨论中出现的问题。它审查了学者的早期贡献,以及杂志、报纸、在线出版物、博客、官方文件和其他来源的材料。它确定了对语言和草图感兴趣的广泛领域,其中一些问题可能需要持续调查。摘要:本文对最近关于冠状病毒危机相关语言的讨论中提出的问题进行了初步排序。它回顾了学者的早期贡献以及杂志、报纸、在线出版物、博客、官方文件和其他来源的材料。它确定了语言感兴趣的广泛领域,并概述了一些可能需要持续调查的问题。
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引用次数: 2
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European Journal of Language Policy
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