OpenNano最新文献

Since the bioavailability of calcium from foods and supplements is low, its encapsulation in niosomes is proposed as a potential solution to this issue. This study aimed to compare the physiochemical properties and release profiles of niosomes with calcium chloride and calcium lactate produced by injection and sonication methods. The size distribution (200–300 nm), encapsulation efficiency (20–40 %), stability, release profile, cytotoxicity, and calcium bioavailability of the niosomes were characterized. The production method, rather than the calcium salt used, impacted the properties of the niosomes. Calcium release under gastrointestinal conditions was dependent on both the calcium source and the production method, which was characterized by a Peppas-Sahlin release model. Calcium niosomes were not cytotoxic to intestinal cells. All the calcium niosomes showed high bioavailability in cells (5–20 % greater than the control) but lower bioavailability than the non-encapsulated calcium salts (80–110 % above control) due to their high solubility. Nevertheless, the use of niosomes might be a promising approach for improving calcium bioavailability.

Monolaurin was utilized to formulate temperature-driven phase inversion nanoemulsions containing lesser galangal essential oil, fixed oil, and Cremophor RH40, with aim for eradicating enveloped viruses. Results showed that the droplet size of the nanoemulsion depended on lesser galangal essential oil–fixed oil ratio, monolaurin concentration, and oil concentration. Nanoemulsions prepared from lesser galangal essential oil–perilla oil (60:40) exhibited approximately 50-nm nanosized droplets and high entrapment efficiency (98.68 % ± 2.45 %). After storage at 25 °C for 1 year, droplet size did not vary significantly from the initial size, and monolaurin content was >95 %, indicating good physical and chemical stability. The monolaurin was located at the oil–water interface as indicated by a two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscope and computer simulation. The 0.2% w/v monolaurin nanoemulsion inhibited SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) viruses with efficacy more than 3 log reduction (99.90 %) and low cytotoxicity. Hence, the monolaurin nanoemulsion can successfully eradicate enveloped viruses, especially SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1).

This work contains the development of QCT-loaded TPGS-coated SLNs by QbD to enhance neuroinflammation potential. Developed SLNs were in the nanometer range (263±3.62 nm) with desired parameters i.e., PDI (0.244±0.003), zeta potential (28.2 ± 0.74 mV), and%EE (74.3 ± 2.45 %) respectively. The release study showed sustained drug release of the developed formulation T-QCT-SLN (83.2 % release in 48 h). The study found QCT can reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in adult zebrafish. Results showed reduced disruption in neuronal cells, decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and reduced LPO, nitrite, and AChEs levels while increasing GSH levels, indicating its potential for treating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. It can be concluded that QCT-loaded TPGS-coated SLN effectively prevents oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in adult zebrafish exposed to LPS compared to the QCT alone. The suggested work will be a focal paradigm for neuroinflammatory drug delivery.

The green fabrication of photocatalyst is an interesting research topic owing to the beneficials of non-toxicity, simplicity, and environmentally friendly. In this research, we report the biosynthesis of ZnO by a hydrothermal/solvothermal method with addition of leaf extract (using either water or ethanol as a solvent) of Senna siamea.. The prepared ZnO was used for removal of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic and reactive red 141 (RR141) azo dye. The complete degradation of the pollutant was achieved under both UV light (120 min) and sunlight (40 min). The ZnO-SV400, solvothermally grown using ethanol extract and then calcined at 400 °C, showed promising photoactivity assigning to the increment of the photogenerated charge carrier separation capacity and high crystallinity of the sample after thermal treatment. The degradation reaction follows nicely with the first-order reaction with a rate constant of 0.081 min⁻¹. The result shows that hydroxyl radicals are the key spices involved in the detoxification of the contaminants. The recycling ability of about five cycles was reported. The structural stability was also confirmed. The strategy presented here demonstrates that the green synthesis with addition of plant extracts is the main parameter governing the fabrication of sunlight-active ZnO photocatalyst for detoxification of the toxic contaminants including organic dyes and antibiotics in wastewater.

In this work, the Zn based MOFs were synthesized from cyanoguanidine and zinc acetate source precursors via two hydrothermal methods and high energy ball milling technique and also the free salt and bimetallic samples have been synthesized. Then, the fabricated Zn-MOFs were heat for calcination at 550 °C for 110 min. The synthesized nanostructures were examined by XRD, SEM and FTIR analysis to gain insight about structure, morphology and functional groups properties. The results confirm that it is possible to prepare Zn MOFs using high energy ball milling methods. Besides, the fabricated MOF and complex structures can be converted to porous zinc oxide (ZnO) by a simple thermal annealing in air. Then, the line broadening of ZnO from mechanochemical and hydrothermal methods was showed due to the small crystallite size and lattice strain. The broadening was studied by the Scherrer formula and Williamson Hall (UDM, USDM, UDEDM) and Size-strain plot techniques. In addition, undesirable phases may affect the synthesized part during thermal cycles. We demonstrate the potential of using high-energy X-ray diffraction for detailed analysis of minority phases in ZnO-derived components.

To know when a nanoparticle (NP) is toxic and when a NP is medicinal, we need to elucidate the various biochemical interactions exerted by NPs within the body. Clearance is an important pharmacological parameter and property. Once in the body, renal clearance modulates the biological response to NPs and modulate (toxic) stress. Here, we reviewed mechanisms of interaction between NPs and kidney. NPs interact differently with mesangial and endothelial cells, podocytes and macrophages; these cell types work together to maintain homeostasis. Clearance requires NPs to be filtered and (then) ‘scavenged’ by e.g., kidney macrophages. We identified several markers of overall biophysical stress. For example, NPs can mimic transport agents, viruses or systems used by the body to combat them, like vesicles. Thus, NPs interfere with e.g., endocytic and actin-angiotensin systems and osmotic pressure that they regulate. In cases of too much stress, NPs can aggravate disease; in case ‘adequate’ stress is lacking, NPs can act medicinal. In this short review, we also describe kinetics for clearance by kidney and present formulae for NP clearance with a basis in bio-physics. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) measure energy expenditure and metabolic rate. NPs of differing size may differ in renal scavenging and filtration capacity. NPs affect the GFR in a size and dose-dependent manner. Therefore, modeling clearance and accumulation of NPs by/in kidney ought to be flexible to biological response and in situ NP-induced changes in biophysiological properties.

The interface between nanostructured materials and plant cell organelles, such as chloroplasts, and has been recently found to have potential to impart organelles with new functions and enhanced performances. The plant nanobionics-based technologies can be implemented to provide the precise quantity of nutrients and pest control systems to improve the crop productivity as the concerns are growing regarding various agricultural difficulties such as poor nutrient use, stagnant yields, nutrient deficiencies, climate change, and water scarcity. The creation of novel nanomaterial (NM) based-fertilizers and -pesticides has encouraged the assimilation of mineral nutrients as well as to control pests without harming the environment. These nanostructured materials are more effective in releasing nutrients in a site-specific manner, increasing plant uptake efficiency and decreasing nutrient loss, and targeting specific pests than conventional fertilizers and pesticides. This article discusses about recent advancement of innovative nanostructured materials that could transport nutrients, such as carbon-based nanoparticles (NP) and metal-based NP: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), and Cerium (Ce) etc. We explored the potential development and implementation challenges for these NPs in this article and highlighted the importance of using a systems approach when creating nano bionics-based technology in the near future.

On a global scale, lung cancer remains a common malignancy and is largest cause of many deaths related to cancer. Despite the significant advancements in lung cancer diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, many individuals exhibit resistant responses to proven therapies. This focuses on the critical need for novel therapeutic methods to be developed and innovated. Recently, nanotechnology has gained a lot of importance for treating malignancy as it helps improve drug delivery, specificity, reduced dose, and efficient elimination. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are nanocarriers with low particle size, which can be modified for specific delivery. The current review focuses on the significance and application of lipid-based theranostic nanoparticles for cancer therapy, components, method of preparation and factors affecting lipid nanoparticle preparation, along with the clinical trials and patents of LNPs. Therapeutic applications in lung cancer therapy include Chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy, and sonodynamic therapy. Diagnostic applications like SPECT, CT, MRI, PET, Optical fluorescence imaging and NIR. As LNPs are being used more frequently in lung cancer therapy, the ongoing research helps in offering solutions to overcome the issues by conventional treatments. Due to their adaptability to customized medical procedures and the use of numerous components, they hold the potential for treating lung cancer. In conclusion, LNPs offer a viable strategy for treating lung cancer by boosting bioavailability, promoting medication delivery, and removing obstacles. For individualised medicine, they can encapsulate a range of therapeutic, such as immunomodulatory medicines, siRNA, and chemotherapeutic medications. Additional study and clinical validation are required to address scalability, long-term safety, and optimised manufacturing techniques for effective application in lung cancer therapy.

Biomedical applications of nanomaterials, especially in diagnosing, management, and treatment of diseases are evolving. However, nanotoxicity remains a major challenge in availing the full biomedical potential of engineered nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent advancements in the field have suggested that smart engineering of targeting ligands and presence of biomolecules on the surface of nanomaterials can reduce nanotoxicity through differential affinity, enhanced biocompatibility, and efficient internalization. Further, certain ligand-functionalized nanomaterials permit their tracking in cells and tissues over a prolonged period of time, making them suitable for nanomedicine applications. In this seminal review, a range of strategies, which have been employed for surface functionalization of nanomaterials using various biomolecules that confer amide / hydrazone bonds, thiol binding, and surface silanization have been evaluated. The challenges, and impact of surface functionalization of nanomaterials on cellular uptake, drug targeting, molecular imaging, and biocompatibility are also discussed. Finally, nanotoxicity aspects and recommendations of ligand-based surface engineered nanomaterials are detailed for future biomedical applications.

Cancer is amongst the foremost causes of death worldwide, and the field of nanotechnology presents promising prospects in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Theranostics are nanoparticles (NPs) that possess the ability to combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities into a single agent. Nonetheless, the synthesis, characterization, and delivery of NPs for theranostics against cancer present obstacles. By providing swift, responsive, and economical platforms for cancer detection and treatment, microfluidic systems based on nanomaterials can overcome these obstacles. A synopsis of recent developments in microfluidic-assisted theranostic nanosystems for the treatment of various malignancies is provided in this mini-review. In addition to microfluidic system-based cancer sensing methods (optical, electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal), efficacious treatment approaches (gene therapy, drug delivery, sonodynamic therapy, etc.) are examined. Further, the potential and limitations of this innovative technique are analyzed, and its potential clinical applications in the future are proposed.