Introduction: Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can easily be measured in routine health checkups are desirable. Urine is a source of biomarkers that can be collected easily and noninvasively. We previously reported on the comprehensive profile of the urinary proteome of AD patients and identified proteins estimated to be significantly increased or decreased in AD patients by a label-free quantification method. The present study aimed to validate urinary levels of proteins that significantly differed between AD and control samples from our proteomics study (i.e., apolipoprotein C3 [ApoC3], insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [Igfbp3], and apolipoprotein D [ApoD]).
Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed using urine samples from the same patient and control groups analyzed in the previous proteomics study (18 AD and 18 controls, set 1) and urine samples from an independent group of AD patients and controls (13 AD, 5 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 32 controls) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Biobank (set 2).
Results: In set 1, the crude urinary levels of ApoD, Igfbp3, and creatinine-adjusted ApoD were significantly higher in the AD group relative to the control group (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, and p = 0.019, respectively), consistent with our previous proteomics results. In set 2, however, the crude urinary levels of Igfbp3 were significantly lower in the AD+MCI group than in the control group (p = 0.028), and the levels of ApoD and ApoC3 did not differ significantly compared to the control group. Combined analysis of all samples revealed creatinine-adjusted ApoC3 levels to be significantly higher in the AD+MCI group (p = 0.015) and the AD-only group (p = 0.011) relative to the control group.
Conclusion: ApoC3 may be a potential biomarker for AD, as validated by ELISA. Further analysis of ApoC3 as a urinary biomarker for AD is warranted.
{"title":"Urinary Apolipoprotein C3 Is a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Yumi Watanabe, Yoshitoshi Hirao, Kensaku Kasuga, Takayoshi Tokutake, Kaori Kitamura, Shumpei Niida, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Tadashi Yamamoto","doi":"10.1159/000509561","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000509561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can easily be measured in routine health checkups are desirable. Urine is a source of biomarkers that can be collected easily and noninvasively. We previously reported on the comprehensive profile of the urinary proteome of AD patients and identified proteins estimated to be significantly increased or decreased in AD patients by a label-free quantification method. The present study aimed to validate urinary levels of proteins that significantly differed between AD and control samples from our proteomics study (i.e., apolipoprotein C3 [ApoC3], insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [Igfbp3], and apolipoprotein D [ApoD]).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed using urine samples from the same patient and control groups analyzed in the previous proteomics study (18 AD and 18 controls, set 1) and urine samples from an independent group of AD patients and controls (13 AD, 5 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 32 controls) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Biobank (set 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In set 1, the crude urinary levels of ApoD, Igfbp3, and creatinine-adjusted ApoD were significantly higher in the AD group relative to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>p</i> = 0.002, and <i>p</i> = 0.019, respectively), consistent with our previous proteomics results. In set 2, however, the crude urinary levels of Igfbp3 were significantly lower in the AD+MCI group than in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.028), and the levels of ApoD and ApoC3 did not differ significantly compared to the control group. Combined analysis of all samples revealed creatinine-adjusted ApoC3 levels to be significantly higher in the AD+MCI group (<i>p</i> = 0.015) and the AD-only group (<i>p</i> = 0.011) relative to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ApoC3 may be a potential biomarker for AD, as validated by ELISA. Further analysis of ApoC3 as a urinary biomarker for AD is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"10 3","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000509561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38607040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The striatal binding potential (BP) of 123I-FP-CIT (N-δ-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-[4-iodophenyl]tropane) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is correlated with the degree of apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study aimed to determine if dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia is associated with the development of apathy in AD.
Methods: Nineteen subjects with AD were included and underwent 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT. Patients with other types of dementia as a comorbidity, those taking antidepressants, and those with overt parkinsonism were excluded. Apathy was assessed using the Apathy Evaluation Scale Informant-Japanese version (AES-I-J). SPECT images were overlaid with images in striatal regions of interest (ROIs), and the SPECT values in these regions were counted. The relationship between BP values and AES-I-J scores was investigated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
Results: Significant inverse correlations were observed between BP values and AES-I-J scores in the left caudate nucleus and there was a marginally significant inverse correlation in the right caudate nucleus.
Conclusion: The pathological basis of apathy might be the impairment of the dopaminergic nervous system. Further studies on more subjects with AD, healthy controls, and patients with PD and DLB are needed.
{"title":"Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease Correlates with the Dopamine Transporter Level in the Caudate Nuclei.","authors":"Niki Udo, Naoki Hashimoto, Takuya Toyonaga, Tomoyuki Isoyama, Yuka Oyanagi, Hisashi Narita, Tohru Shiga, Shin Nakagawa, Ichiro Kusumi","doi":"10.1159/000509278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000509278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The striatal binding potential (BP) of <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT (<i>N</i>-δ-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-[4-iodophenyl]tropane) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is correlated with the degree of apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study aimed to determine if dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia is associated with the development of apathy in AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen subjects with AD were included and underwent <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT-SPECT. Patients with other types of dementia as a comorbidity, those taking antidepressants, and those with overt parkinsonism were excluded. Apathy was assessed using the Apathy Evaluation Scale Informant-Japanese version (AES-I-J). SPECT images were overlaid with images in striatal regions of interest (ROIs), and the SPECT values in these regions were counted. The relationship between BP values and AES-I-J scores was investigated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant inverse correlations were observed between BP values and AES-I-J scores in the left caudate nucleus and there was a marginally significant inverse correlation in the right caudate nucleus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pathological basis of apathy might be the impairment of the dopaminergic nervous system. Further studies on more subjects with AD, healthy controls, and patients with PD and DLB are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"10 2","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000509278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38607038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Although various visual function deficits have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vegetable freshness perception has not been thoroughly examined.
Objective: To investigate vegetable freshness perception in patients with AD and DLB and to clarify the relationship between vegetable freshness perception and various visuoperceptual functions.
Methods: We enrolled 37 patients with probable DLB, 58 patients with probable AD, and 32 age-matched healthy controls. We assessed vegetable freshness perception and visuoperceptual functions, including vegetable brightness perception, contrast sensitivity, color perception, and stereopsis. Patients with DLB showed disproportionate deficits in vegetable freshness perception and vegetable luminance perception compared to patients with AD and controls. Analyses of the groups with higher and lower vegetable freshness perceptions revealed significant differences in contrast sensitivity and visual texture recognition.
Results: In the vegetable freshness test, we found significant differences among the 3 groups (F = 30.029, p < 0.0001); the extent of impairment in patients with DLB was greater than that in patients with AD. In patients with DLB, the vegetable freshness judgments were significantly correlated with texture judgment scores and contrast sensitivity.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed significantly impaired vegetable freshness perception in patients with DLB. Vegetable freshness perception may be related to visual texture recognition in patients with DLB.
导语:虽然阿尔茨海默病(AD)和路易体痴呆(DLB)患者有各种视觉功能缺陷的报道,但蔬菜新鲜度感知尚未得到彻底的检查。目的:探讨AD和DLB患者的蔬菜新鲜度知觉,阐明蔬菜新鲜度知觉与各种视知觉功能的关系。方法:我们招募了37名可能患有DLB的患者,58名可能患有AD的患者和32名年龄匹配的健康对照。我们评估了蔬菜新鲜度感知和视觉感知功能,包括蔬菜亮度感知、对比敏感度、颜色感知和立体视觉。与AD患者和对照组相比,DLB患者在蔬菜新鲜度和蔬菜亮度感知方面表现出不成比例的缺陷。对蔬菜新鲜度感知较高和较低的组的分析显示,对比敏感度和视觉纹理识别存在显著差异。结果:在蔬菜新鲜度测试中,3组间差异有统计学意义(F = 30.029, p < 0.0001);DLB患者的损伤程度大于AD患者。在DLB患者中,蔬菜新鲜度判断与质地判断评分和对比敏感度显著相关。结论:我们的研究结果显示,DLB患者对蔬菜新鲜度的感知明显受损。蔬菜新鲜度感知可能与DLB患者的视觉纹理识别有关。
{"title":"Vegetable Freshness Perception in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Yuka Oishi, Toru Imamura, Tatsuo Shimomura, Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1159/000508282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000508282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although various visual function deficits have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vegetable freshness perception has not been thoroughly examined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate vegetable freshness perception in patients with AD and DLB and to clarify the relationship between vegetable freshness perception and various visuoperceptual functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 37 patients with probable DLB, 58 patients with probable AD, and 32 age-matched healthy controls. We assessed vegetable freshness perception and visuoperceptual functions, including vegetable brightness perception, contrast sensitivity, color perception, and stereopsis. Patients with DLB showed disproportionate deficits in vegetable freshness perception and vegetable luminance perception compared to patients with AD and controls. Analyses of the groups with higher and lower vegetable freshness perceptions revealed significant differences in contrast sensitivity and visual texture recognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the vegetable freshness test, we found significant differences among the 3 groups (<i>F</i> = 30.029, <i>p</i> < 0.0001); the extent of impairment in patients with DLB was greater than that in patients with AD. In patients with DLB, the vegetable freshness judgments were significantly correlated with texture judgment scores and contrast sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed significantly impaired vegetable freshness perception in patients with DLB. Vegetable freshness perception may be related to visual texture recognition in patients with DLB.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"10 2","pages":"74-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000508282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38607037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16eCollection Date: 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1159/000508363
Andreas Ihle, Élvio R Gouveia, Bruna R Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel
Aims: We investigated whether the longitudinal relation between memory complaints and subsequent decline in executive functioning over 6 years differed by leisure activity engagement as major contributor to cognitive reserve in old age.
Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (M = 74.33 years) tested on the Trail Making Test (TMT) in two waves 6 years apart. Participants reported information on memory complaints and leisure activity engagement.
Results: There was a significant interaction of memory complaints with leisure activity engagement on latent change in executive functioning. Specifically, only for individuals with less (but not those with greater) leisure activity engagement, memory complaints significantly predicted a steeper subsequent decline in executive functioning across 6 years (i.e., increases in TMT completion time).
Conclusion: The role of memory complaints as an early predictor of decline in executive functioning seems to vary by individuals' cognitive reserve.
{"title":"Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Predictive Role of Memory Complaints for Subsequent Decline in Executive Functioning.","authors":"Andreas Ihle, Élvio R Gouveia, Bruna R Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel","doi":"10.1159/000508363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000508363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We investigated whether the longitudinal relation between memory complaints and subsequent decline in executive functioning over 6 years differed by leisure activity engagement as major contributor to cognitive reserve in old age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (M = 74.33 years) tested on the Trail Making Test (TMT) in two waves 6 years apart. Participants reported information on memory complaints and leisure activity engagement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant interaction of memory complaints with leisure activity engagement on latent change in executive functioning. Specifically, only for individuals with less (but not those with greater) leisure activity engagement, memory complaints significantly predicted a steeper subsequent decline in executive functioning across 6 years (i.e., increases in TMT completion time).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The role of memory complaints as an early predictor of decline in executive functioning seems to vary by individuals' cognitive reserve.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"10 2","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000508363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38343342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Easy Z-score imaging system (eZIS)-assisted SPECT accurately detects decreases in cerebral blood flow in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and parietal lobe, the cerebral regions deeply implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies suggested onset age-dependent decreases in cerebral blood flow in these regions in AD, but these studies did not screen for amyloid accumulation, suggesting inclusion of non-AD patients in their subjects.
Objective: By applying eZIS-SPECT to patients with amyloid deposition, it was the aim of this study to clarify onset age-dependent decreases in cerebral blood flow in the regions critical to AD.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed eZIS-SPECT data on 34 AD patients with amyloid retention confirmed by 11C-Pittsburgh compound B-PET. The subjects were divided into an early-onset group (n = 16) and a late-onset group (n = 18). The three indicators of the eZIS that had discriminated between AD patients and normal controls in previous studies were compared between the two groups.
Results: The mean values for the respective indicators were significantly higher in the early-onset group than in the late-onset group. Also, the proportion of patients with abnormalities in all indicators was significantly higher in the early-onset group (93.8%) than in the late-onset group (50.0%).
Conclusions: The present study, applying eZIS-SPECT to amyloid-positive AD patients, suggests that reduced cerebral blood flow in the PCC, precuneus, and parietal lobe is more pronounced in the early-onset type than in the late-onset type of the disease.
{"title":"Utility of Easy <i>Z</i>-Score Imaging System-Assisted SPECT in Detecting Onset Age-Dependent Decreases in Cerebral Blood Flow in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex, Precuneus, and Parietal Lobe in Alzheimer's Disease with Amyloid Accumulation.","authors":"Hiroshi Hayashi, Ryota Kobayashi, Shinobu Kawakatsu, Daichi Morioka, Koichi Otani","doi":"10.1159/000507654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000507654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Easy <i>Z</i>-score imaging system (eZIS)-assisted SPECT accurately detects decreases in cerebral blood flow in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and parietal lobe, the cerebral regions deeply implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies suggested onset age-dependent decreases in cerebral blood flow in these regions in AD, but these studies did not screen for amyloid accumulation, suggesting inclusion of non-AD patients in their subjects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>By applying eZIS-SPECT to patients with amyloid deposition, it was the aim of this study to clarify onset age-dependent decreases in cerebral blood flow in the regions critical to AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed eZIS-SPECT data on 34 AD patients with amyloid retention confirmed by <sup>11</sup>C-Pittsburgh compound B-PET. The subjects were divided into an early-onset group (<i>n</i> = 16) and a late-onset group (<i>n</i> = 18). The three indicators of the eZIS that had discriminated between AD patients and normal controls in previous studies were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean values for the respective indicators were significantly higher in the early-onset group than in the late-onset group. Also, the proportion of patients with abnormalities in all indicators was significantly higher in the early-onset group (93.8%) than in the late-onset group (50.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study, applying eZIS-SPECT to amyloid-positive AD patients, suggests that reduced cerebral blood flow in the PCC, precuneus, and parietal lobe is more pronounced in the early-onset type than in the late-onset type of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"10 2","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000507654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38245272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huei-Chun Liu, Ming-Jang Chiu, Chin-Hsien Lin, Shieh-Yueh Yang
Introduction: Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have attracted much attention of researchers in recent years. In clinical studies, repeated freeze/thaw cycles often occur and may influence the stability of biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the stability of amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ1-40), amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42), and total tau protein (T-tau) in plasma over freeze/thaw cycles.
Methods: Plasma samples from healthy controls (n = 2), AD patients (AD, n =3) and Parkinson's disease patients (PD, n = 3) were collected by standardized procedure and immediately frozen at -80°C. Samples underwent 5 freeze/thaw (-80°C/room temperature) cycles. The concentrations of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and T-tau were monitored during the freeze/thaw tests using an immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay. The relative percentage of concentrations after every freeze/thaw cycle was calculated for each biomarker.
Results: A tendency of decrease in the averaged relative percentages over samples through the freeze and thaw cycles for Aβ1-40 (100 to 97.11%), Aβ1-42 (100 to 94.99%), and T-tau (100 to 95.65%) was found. However, the decreases were less than 6%. For all three biomarkers, no statistical significance was found between the levels of fresh plasma and those of the plasma experiencing 5 freeze/thaw cycles (p > 0.1).
Conclusions: Plasma Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and T-tau are stable through 5 freeze/thaw cycles measured with IMR.
{"title":"Stability of Plasma Amyloid-β 1-40, Amyloid-β 1-42, and Total Tau Protein over Repeated Freeze/Thaw Cycles.","authors":"Huei-Chun Liu, Ming-Jang Chiu, Chin-Hsien Lin, Shieh-Yueh Yang","doi":"10.1159/000506278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000506278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have attracted much attention of researchers in recent years. In clinical studies, repeated freeze/thaw cycles often occur and may influence the stability of biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the stability of amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ<sub>1-40</sub>), amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>), and total tau protein (T-tau) in plasma over freeze/thaw cycles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples from healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 2), AD patients (AD, <i>n =</i>3) and Parkinson's disease patients (PD, <i>n</i> = 3) were collected by standardized procedure and immediately frozen at -80°C. Samples underwent 5 freeze/thaw (-80°C/room temperature) cycles. The concentrations of Aβ<sub>1-40</sub>, Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>, and T-tau were monitored during the freeze/thaw tests using an immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay. The relative percentage of concentrations after every freeze/thaw cycle was calculated for each biomarker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A tendency of decrease in the averaged relative percentages over samples through the freeze and thaw cycles for Aβ<sub>1-40</sub> (100 to 97.11%), Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> (100 to 94.99%), and T-tau (100 to 95.65%) was found. However, the decreases were less than 6%. For all three biomarkers, no statistical significance was found between the levels of fresh plasma and those of the plasma experiencing 5 freeze/thaw cycles (<i>p</i> > 0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma Aβ<sub>1-40</sub>, Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>, and T-tau are stable through 5 freeze/thaw cycles measured with IMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"10 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000506278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10466665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05eCollection Date: 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1159/000501903
Fadime Çınar, Fatma Eti Aslan
Purpose: Postoperative delirium is the most well-known form of postoperative cognitive impairment in all patient groups, especially in the elderly. Delirium is a syndrome that causes serious consequences, increasing mortality and morbidity rates and extending the length of hospital stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC).
Method: One hundred twelve patients who were hospitalized for a surgical operation in the orthopedics, neurosurgery, and general surgery clinic of a state hospital for 3 months were evaluated concurrently (and independently for delirium). Patients were observed by clinical nurses 3 times over a 24-h period. The presence of delirium was diagnosed by 2 neurologists according to DSM-IV criteria. Student's t test, the χ2 test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, and construct validity, intrascale factor analysis, interrater reliability, and specificity and sensitivity (ROC) analyses were performed for descriptive analysis. SPSS 25.0 and MedCalc18.6 were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Delirium was detected in 28 patients according to the Nu-DESC. The ICC (intraclass correlation) is 0.97 in the 95% confidence interval from 0.96 to 0.98 for agreement between nurses and neurologists for the total Nu-DESC score. Weighted κ rates were between 0.78 and 0.92. In the ROC analysis of the Nu-DESC scale, the optimum cutoff value calculated for the 1,344 observations and 112 patients was determined as >1 according to the maximum sensitivity and the specific situation. Sensitivity at the cut-off point was 92.27; specificity was determined as 92.72. The Youden index was found to be J = 0.845 (0 < J = 0.845 < 1).
Conclusion: We believe that Turkish translation of Nu-DESC is valid and reliable for clinicians, nurses, and researchers and will contribute to delirium studies.
{"title":"Evaluation of Postoperative Delirium: Validity and Reliability of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale in the Turkish Language.","authors":"Fadime Çınar, Fatma Eti Aslan","doi":"10.1159/000501903","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000501903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Postoperative delirium is the most well-known form of postoperative cognitive impairment in all patient groups, especially in the elderly. Delirium is a syndrome that causes serious consequences, increasing mortality and morbidity rates and extending the length of hospital stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred twelve patients who were hospitalized for a surgical operation in the orthopedics, neurosurgery, and general surgery clinic of a state hospital for 3 months were evaluated concurrently (and independently for delirium). Patients were observed by clinical nurses 3 times over a 24-h period. The presence of delirium was diagnosed by 2 neurologists according to DSM-IV criteria. Student's <i>t</i> test, the χ<sup>2</sup> test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, and construct validity, intrascale factor analysis, interrater reliability, and specificity and sensitivity (ROC) analyses were performed for descriptive analysis. SPSS 25.0 and MedCalc18.6 were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Delirium was detected in 28 patients according to the Nu-DESC. The ICC (intraclass correlation) is 0.97 in the 95% confidence interval from 0.96 to 0.98 for agreement between nurses and neurologists for the total Nu-DESC score. Weighted κ rates were between 0.78 and 0.92. In the ROC analysis of the Nu-DESC scale, the optimum cutoff value calculated for the 1,344 observations and 112 patients was determined as >1 according to the maximum sensitivity and the specific situation. Sensitivity at the cut-off point was 92.27; specificity was determined as 92.72. The Youden index was found to be J = 0.845 (0 < J = 0.845 < 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We believe that Turkish translation of Nu-DESC is valid and reliable for clinicians, nurses, and researchers and will contribute to delirium studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"9 3","pages":"362-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000501903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10398488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Despite the increased prevalence of dementia in India, reports indicate little awareness of the disease. Symptoms are often misinterpreted or neglected, which could lead to late diagnosis, reducing the choices available regarding future care. Considering that most nurses caring for the elderly will work with people with dementia in the future, there is concern surrounding their ability to meet the needs of these patients, requiring them to obtain the necessary knowledge and positive attitudes for treatment. Aims: To describe the knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia among nursing staff working in residential care facilities for elderly populations in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 nursing homes in India in which 15 nursing staff conducted self-assessments of their knowledge and attitudes toward dementia using the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and the Attitude toward Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Scale (DAS) for each respective assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe staffs’ attitudes and knowledge concerning dementia. Continuous variables were presented as means ± SD, while the categorical variables were presented as percentages. Results: Although the majority of the participants answered that Alzheimer’s disease cannot be cured, about half reported that people with dementia, in rare cases, can recover from the disease. While all participants agreed that people with dementia can feel when others are kind to them, almost half disagreed that people living with dementia can enjoy life. Conclusion: These findings reveal that nursing staff have limited knowledge of dementia, but their attitudes toward people living with dementia tend to be positive.
{"title":"Nursing Staff's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Dementia: A Pilot Study from an Indian Perspective","authors":"B. S. Strøm, K. Engedal, Lasse Andreassen","doi":"10.1159/000502770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000502770","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the increased prevalence of dementia in India, reports indicate little awareness of the disease. Symptoms are often misinterpreted or neglected, which could lead to late diagnosis, reducing the choices available regarding future care. Considering that most nurses caring for the elderly will work with people with dementia in the future, there is concern surrounding their ability to meet the needs of these patients, requiring them to obtain the necessary knowledge and positive attitudes for treatment. Aims: To describe the knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia among nursing staff working in residential care facilities for elderly populations in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 nursing homes in India in which 15 nursing staff conducted self-assessments of their knowledge and attitudes toward dementia using the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and the Attitude toward Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Scale (DAS) for each respective assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe staffs’ attitudes and knowledge concerning dementia. Continuous variables were presented as means ± SD, while the categorical variables were presented as percentages. Results: Although the majority of the participants answered that Alzheimer’s disease cannot be cured, about half reported that people with dementia, in rare cases, can recover from the disease. While all participants agreed that people with dementia can feel when others are kind to them, almost half disagreed that people living with dementia can enjoy life. Conclusion: These findings reveal that nursing staff have limited knowledge of dementia, but their attitudes toward people living with dementia tend to be positive.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"9 1","pages":"352 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000502770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46765446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan Spirgi, A. Meyer, P. Calabrese, U. Gschwandtner, P. Fuhr
Background: Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is typically assessed via self-reported questionnaires such as the Parkinson’s Fatigue Scale (PFS). The PFS captures the presence of subjective experience of physical fatigue as well as its impact on daily functioning. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether different variables (cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, disease-related measures) are associated with the experience of physical fatigue in comparison to fatigue affecting daily functioning. Method: Sixty-two non-demented PD patients were evaluated through questionnaires assessing fatigue, daytime sleepiness, apathy, depression, anxiety, and cognition. Items of fatigue were classified and summarized into two index variables measuring either the subjective experience of physical fatigue or the impact of fatigue on daily functioning. Linear regression with a stepwise elimination procedure was conducted to select the significant predictors for each index variable separately. Results: Subjective experience of physical fatigue (Model 1; r2 = 0.46; p <0.01) was significantly associated with higher levels of depression (b =0.07; p <0.01), anxiety (b =0.03; p <0.05), and lower performances in verbal episodic memory (b =–0.16; p <0.05). Fatigue affecting daily functioning (Model 2; r2 = 0.44; p <0.05) was significantly related to higher levels of depression (b = 0.07; p < 0.01), anxiety (b = 0.03; p > 0.05), and lower motor functioning (b = 0.01; p = 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, our work supports associations between fatigue and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD and extends prior work suggesting that motor disturbances are specifically linked to fatigue-related impairment of daily functioning, but not to the subjective experience of physical fatigue.
{"title":"Effects of Cognitive Performance and Affective Status on Fatigue in Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Susan Spirgi, A. Meyer, P. Calabrese, U. Gschwandtner, P. Fuhr","doi":"10.1159/000498883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000498883","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is typically assessed via self-reported questionnaires such as the Parkinson’s Fatigue Scale (PFS). The PFS captures the presence of subjective experience of physical fatigue as well as its impact on daily functioning. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether different variables (cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, disease-related measures) are associated with the experience of physical fatigue in comparison to fatigue affecting daily functioning. Method: Sixty-two non-demented PD patients were evaluated through questionnaires assessing fatigue, daytime sleepiness, apathy, depression, anxiety, and cognition. Items of fatigue were classified and summarized into two index variables measuring either the subjective experience of physical fatigue or the impact of fatigue on daily functioning. Linear regression with a stepwise elimination procedure was conducted to select the significant predictors for each index variable separately. Results: Subjective experience of physical fatigue (Model 1; r2 = 0.46; p <0.01) was significantly associated with higher levels of depression (b =0.07; p <0.01), anxiety (b =0.03; p <0.05), and lower performances in verbal episodic memory (b =–0.16; p <0.05). Fatigue affecting daily functioning (Model 2; r2 = 0.44; p <0.05) was significantly related to higher levels of depression (b = 0.07; p < 0.01), anxiety (b = 0.03; p > 0.05), and lower motor functioning (b = 0.01; p = 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, our work supports associations between fatigue and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD and extends prior work suggesting that motor disturbances are specifically linked to fatigue-related impairment of daily functioning, but not to the subjective experience of physical fatigue.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"9 1","pages":"344 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000498883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Polypharmacy is well known to affect cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. However, the effect of polypharmacy on cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the association between polypharmacy and cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 131 consecutive hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination and analyzed between groups of patients with or without polypharmacy. Comparisons were adjusted for confounders by performing inverse probability weighting with propensity scores.
Results: After inverse probability weighting, patients in the polypharmacy group had a significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination score than patients in the nonpolypharmacy group (26.2 vs. 27.7, p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Polypharmacy was associated with cognitive decline in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. This finding suggests that medication reduction might serve as a promising intervention to prevent the development of dementia in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether medication reduction improves cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease.
{"title":"Polypharmacy Associated with Cognitive Decline in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Nobuyuki Ishii, Hitoshi Mochizuki, Katsuya Sakai, Go Ogawa, Kazutaka Shiomi, Masamitsu Nakazato","doi":"10.1159/000502351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000502351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Polypharmacy is well known to affect cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. However, the effect of polypharmacy on cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the association between polypharmacy and cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 131 consecutive hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination and analyzed between groups of patients with or without polypharmacy. Comparisons were adjusted for confounders by performing inverse probability weighting with propensity scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After inverse probability weighting, patients in the polypharmacy group had a significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination score than patients in the nonpolypharmacy group (26.2 vs. 27.7, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polypharmacy was associated with cognitive decline in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. This finding suggests that medication reduction might serve as a promising intervention to prevent the development of dementia in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether medication reduction improves cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"9 3","pages":"338-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000502351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}