A total of two hundred and seventy (270) broiler finishers of four (4) weeks old were used in this experiment to determine the effects of feeding Sugarcane Bark Scrapping (SBS) with or without grit and enzyme supplementation. A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was adopted such that there were three graded levels of SBS (0, 7.5 and 15%) by three supplementation levels (No supplement, grit and enzyme) and lasted for a period of four (4) weeks. The results showed that increase in the inclusion level of SBS had significant effect (P 0.05) on the nitrogen intake. There were significant effects (P<0.05) of the supplementation on the feed intake, rate of weight gain, feed to gain ratio and final body weight. Broiler finishers fed grit supplemented diets performed significantly (P<0.05) better than broiler fed no supplement and enzyme supplemented diets. The interaction between the varying levels of SBS and supplements had significant effects (P<0.05) on final body weight, rate of weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio. This study shows that broiler fed SBS at 7.5% inclusion level supplemented with grit gave the best growth performance.
{"title":"Performance characteristics of broiler finisher fed grit and enzyme supplemented sugarcane bark scrapings","authors":"S. Bichi, R. A. Oluwafemi, A. Adeniji","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2018.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2018.121","url":null,"abstract":"A total of two hundred and seventy (270) broiler finishers of four (4) weeks old were used in this experiment to determine the effects of feeding Sugarcane Bark Scrapping (SBS) with or without grit and enzyme supplementation. A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was adopted such that there were three graded levels of SBS (0, 7.5 and 15%) by three supplementation levels (No supplement, grit and enzyme) and lasted for a period of four (4) weeks. The results showed that increase in the inclusion level of SBS had significant effect (P 0.05) on the nitrogen intake. There were significant effects (P<0.05) of the supplementation on the feed intake, rate of weight gain, feed to gain ratio and final body weight. Broiler finishers fed grit supplemented diets performed significantly (P<0.05) better than broiler fed no supplement and enzyme supplemented diets. The interaction between the varying levels of SBS and supplements had significant effects (P<0.05) on final body weight, rate of weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio. This study shows that broiler fed SBS at 7.5% inclusion level supplemented with grit gave the best growth performance.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122245484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tchoumboué Joseph, V. Narcisse, Mabou Nguemo Jeasmine Laura, Tchoffo Hervé, N. Ferdinand, D. Sorelle
Lead acetate is a compound that is teratogenic and could cause hazards in pregnant humans and economic loses in livestock. This study aims to evaluate the protective and curative effects of hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis (HESP) on embryo-toxicity in guinea pig exposed to lead acetate. Eighteen females, aged 4 months old and weighing 350±5.3 g were divided into 8 groups of 10 guinea pigs each. The negative control (group 1) received by gavage distilled water and positive control (group 2) was exposed to lead acetate at a dose of 12 mg/kg.bw alone. While Groups 3, 4 and 5 co-exposed for a period of 90 days to 12 mg/kg bw of lead acetate and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg.bw of hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis respectively. The animals of groups 6, 7 and 8 were also exposed for the first 30 days to lead acetate, then 50, 100 and 200 mg /kg.bw of HESP from the 31st to the 90th day. At the end of the trial, female animals were sacrificed for determine the teratogenicity. Lead acetate caused a significant decrease of placental and fetal weight, number of implantation sites and gravid uterine weights. In the other hand, it increased the incidence of fetal anomalies when compared to the negative control. HESP significantly reduced (p< 0.05) the lead acetate-induced abnormities by increasing fetal number, weight, viability and reduced skeletal anomalies. Treatment of female guinea pigs with hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis whether for protective or curative at dose of 100 mg/kg.bw, attenuated lead induced reproductive disrupted, fetal malformation and fetal mortality. The Hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis due to some phytochemical principles rich in antioxidant properties, could possibly mitigate the adverse effects of lead acetate.
{"title":"Evaluation of antidotal potentials of hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis on teratogenicity of Cavia porcellus induced by exposure to lead acetate","authors":"Tchoumboué Joseph, V. Narcisse, Mabou Nguemo Jeasmine Laura, Tchoffo Hervé, N. Ferdinand, D. Sorelle","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.155","url":null,"abstract":"Lead acetate is a compound that is teratogenic and could cause hazards in pregnant humans and economic loses in livestock. This study aims to evaluate the protective and curative effects of hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis (HESP) on embryo-toxicity in guinea pig exposed to lead acetate. Eighteen females, aged 4 months old and weighing 350±5.3 g were divided into 8 groups of 10 guinea pigs each. The negative control (group 1) received by gavage distilled water and positive control (group 2) was exposed to lead acetate at a dose of 12 mg/kg.bw alone. While Groups 3, 4 and 5 co-exposed for a period of 90 days to 12 mg/kg bw of lead acetate and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg.bw of hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis respectively. The animals of groups 6, 7 and 8 were also exposed for the first 30 days to lead acetate, then 50, 100 and 200 mg /kg.bw of HESP from the 31st to the 90th day. At the end of the trial, female animals were sacrificed for determine the teratogenicity. Lead acetate caused a significant decrease of placental and fetal weight, number of implantation sites and gravid uterine weights. In the other hand, it increased the incidence of fetal anomalies when compared to the negative control. HESP significantly reduced (p< 0.05) the lead acetate-induced abnormities by increasing fetal number, weight, viability and reduced skeletal anomalies. Treatment of female guinea pigs with hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis whether for protective or curative at dose of 100 mg/kg.bw, attenuated lead induced reproductive disrupted, fetal malformation and fetal mortality. The Hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis due to some phytochemical principles rich in antioxidant properties, could possibly mitigate the adverse effects of lead acetate.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122526791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty and inequality between urban and rural areas remained major social issues in Sierra Leone. These are drivers forcing rural people to engage in feasible livelihood options such as animal husbandry. The current study, that lasted for seven (7) months attempt to investigate pig farming in rural areas of Moyamba district, Sierra Leone. The overarching objectives were to assess the management practices, challenges, and livelihood impact of indigenous pig production. Two hundred and thirty (230) checklists were administered and interview sessions held for farmers from ten (10) randomly selected villages in Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. A total of 1123 pigs were recorded for which 66.5% were owned by women and 33.5% by men. It was observed that basic sanitary practices such as cleaning of the pen, provision of feeds and clean drinking water for pigs, castration and livestock disease management were lacking in the study area. This constitutes a great public health concern considering the link between animal and human diseases in contemporary history. Respondent noted income generation, food and cultural/religious benefits as pull factors for their engagement in the sector. Conversely, results indicates that the lack of credit facility (100%), high piglet mortality (92.2%), lack of or inadequate housing (86.5%), poor and inadequate feeding (86.1%), poor market facility (72.2%), animal cruelty (70.9%), persistence disease outbreaks (64.8%), intermittent theft (64.3%), poor or lack of treatment service (33.5%), lack of improved breeds (16.1%) and ineffective livestock extension services (4.3%) are the factors that undercut the productivity of pig farming in rural areas. The study has shown that there is need to scale up of livestock extension programs for rural areas through timely vaccination campaigns, sustained active case finding and capacity building of farmers to adopt good livestock management practice that will in turn sustain rural livelihood systems.
{"title":"Indigenous pig farming in rural areas of Sierra Leone: Practices, constraints and impact on livelihood","authors":"Brima Gogra, A. Conteh","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.145","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty and inequality between urban and rural areas remained major social issues in Sierra Leone. These are drivers forcing rural people to engage in feasible livelihood options such as animal husbandry. The current study, that lasted for seven (7) months attempt to investigate pig farming in rural areas of Moyamba district, Sierra Leone. The overarching objectives were to assess the management practices, challenges, and livelihood impact of indigenous pig production. Two hundred and thirty (230) checklists were administered and interview sessions held for farmers from ten (10) randomly selected villages in Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. A total of 1123 pigs were recorded for which 66.5% were owned by women and 33.5% by men. It was observed that basic sanitary practices such as cleaning of the pen, provision of feeds and clean drinking water for pigs, castration and livestock disease management were lacking in the study area. This constitutes a great public health concern considering the link between animal and human diseases in contemporary history. Respondent noted income generation, food and cultural/religious benefits as pull factors for their engagement in the sector. Conversely, results indicates that the lack of credit facility (100%), high piglet mortality (92.2%), lack of or inadequate housing (86.5%), poor and inadequate feeding (86.1%), poor market facility (72.2%), animal cruelty (70.9%), persistence disease outbreaks (64.8%), intermittent theft (64.3%), poor or lack of treatment service (33.5%), lack of improved breeds (16.1%) and ineffective livestock extension services (4.3%) are the factors that undercut the productivity of pig farming in rural areas. The study has shown that there is need to scale up of livestock extension programs for rural areas through timely vaccination campaigns, sustained active case finding and capacity building of farmers to adopt good livestock management practice that will in turn sustain rural livelihood systems.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114735849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to determine the growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of weaner rabbits fed roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx residue. Thirty (30) rabbits were allotted into five treatments with six rabbits per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were fed concentrates and varied levels of Tridax procumbens and roselle calyx residue (100 and 0% for T1, 75 and 25% for T2, 50 and 50% for T3, 25 and 75% for T4, 0% and 100% for T5 respectively). Parameters measured for growth performance are feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The experiment lasted for four weeks, at the end of which blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical indices. Results showed that rabbits in T4 had significantly higher average daily weight gain (15.66 g/r/d) and better FCR (0.72) when compared to other treatments. The white blood cells values varied significantly (p 0.05) the parameters measured except for Alanine Amino-transferase. The alanine amino-transferase value ranged significantly from 40.24 to 53.22 g/dL. It was therefore concluded that 75% of roselle calyx residue presented a better result in all parameters evaluated and can be recommended as a supplemental feed for growing rabbits.
{"title":"Effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa LINN) calyx residue on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of weaner rabbits","authors":"O. Adetola, M. Yahaya, O. O. Awodola-Peters","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.149","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of weaner rabbits fed roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx residue. Thirty (30) rabbits were allotted into five treatments with six rabbits per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were fed concentrates and varied levels of Tridax procumbens and roselle calyx residue (100 and 0% for T1, 75 and 25% for T2, 50 and 50% for T3, 25 and 75% for T4, 0% and 100% for T5 respectively). Parameters measured for growth performance are feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The experiment lasted for four weeks, at the end of which blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical indices. Results showed that rabbits in T4 had significantly higher average daily weight gain (15.66 g/r/d) and better FCR (0.72) when compared to other treatments. The white blood cells values varied significantly (p 0.05) the parameters measured except for Alanine Amino-transferase. The alanine amino-transferase value ranged significantly from 40.24 to 53.22 g/dL. It was therefore concluded that 75% of roselle calyx residue presented a better result in all parameters evaluated and can be recommended as a supplemental feed for growing rabbits.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122434532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zamdayu, J. Amaje, H. Yunusa, A. Ali, E. U. Mbuk, E. C. Nwokike, U. Garba, U. Auwal
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasia of the skin in horses. An adult albino stallion of Nigerian indigenous (Arewa) breed used for military ceremonial parade was presented with the chief complaints of growth on left side lower eyelid and unilateral epiphora. Tentatively diagnosis of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma was made and managed successfully. Restraint was achieved using chlorpromazine as tranquilizer and physical method with the animal on right lateral recumbency for the surgery. Lidocaine-adrenaline 2% was used for local anaesthesia. The growth was debulked only once and chemotherapeutically treated using vincristine 1 mg for local infiltration once and 2 mg intravenously twice at 3 weeks apart. Tissue sample was preserved in formaldehyde-10% and processed for histopathological examination. Haematological findings pre-treatment were neutropenia, 32% (52 to 70%) and hyperproteinemia, 10.2 g/d L (6.0 to 8.5g/dL) which became neutrophilic leucocytosis 16.1 x 109/L (5.6-12.1 x 109/L) post-treatment. Histopathological findings were focal areas of keratin pearls surrounded by a concentric aggregation of cornified squamous epithelial cells. Massive undifferentiated tumour cells and inflammatory cells at different stages of mitosis were also observed. It was concluded that surgical excision of lesion and vincristine therapy twice at 3 weeks apart only was effective to cure the eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in the horse. It was recommended that surgical excision of growths and vincristine therapy given by intravenous and local infiltration routes should be used in management of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in albino horses.
鳞状细胞癌是马皮肤最常见的肿瘤。一匹用于军事阅兵仪式的尼日利亚土著(Arewa)品种的成年白化种马，其主要主诉是左侧下眼睑生长和单侧上睑下垂。初步诊断眼睑鳞状细胞癌并成功处理。采用氯丙嗪镇静剂和物理方法，动物右侧侧卧位进行手术。2%利多卡因肾上腺素局部麻醉。肿瘤生长只被抑制一次，化疗使用长春新碱1mg局部浸润一次，2mg静脉注射两次，间隔3周。组织标本在10%甲醛中保存，进行组织病理学检查。血液学表现:治疗前中性粒细胞减少32%(52 ~ 70%)，高蛋白血症10.2 g/dL (6.0 ~ 8.5g/dL)，治疗后变为中性粒细胞增多16.1 x 109/L (5.6 ~ 12.1 x 109/L)。组织病理学结果是角蛋白珍珠的焦点区域，周围是一个同心聚集的角质鳞状上皮细胞。在有丝分裂的不同阶段还观察到大量未分化的肿瘤细胞和炎症细胞。结论:手术切除病变并间隔3周两次长春新碱治疗是治疗马眼睑鳞状细胞癌的有效方法。建议在治疗白化马眼睑鳞状细胞癌时，应采用手术切除肿瘤和静脉及局部浸润给药长春新碱治疗。
{"title":"Squamous cell carcinoma on the eyelid of Nigerian albino horse","authors":"J. Zamdayu, J. Amaje, H. Yunusa, A. Ali, E. U. Mbuk, E. C. Nwokike, U. Garba, U. Auwal","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.136","url":null,"abstract":"Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasia of the skin in horses. An adult albino stallion of Nigerian indigenous (Arewa) breed used for military ceremonial parade was presented with the chief complaints of growth on left side lower eyelid and unilateral epiphora. Tentatively diagnosis of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma was made and managed successfully. Restraint was achieved using chlorpromazine as tranquilizer and physical method with the animal on right lateral recumbency for the surgery. Lidocaine-adrenaline 2% was used for local anaesthesia. The growth was debulked only once and chemotherapeutically treated using vincristine 1 mg for local infiltration once and 2 mg intravenously twice at 3 weeks apart. Tissue sample was preserved in formaldehyde-10% and processed for histopathological examination. Haematological findings pre-treatment were neutropenia, 32% (52 to 70%) and hyperproteinemia, 10.2 g/d L (6.0 to 8.5g/dL) which became neutrophilic leucocytosis 16.1 x 109/L (5.6-12.1 x 109/L) post-treatment. Histopathological findings were focal areas of keratin pearls surrounded by a concentric aggregation of cornified squamous epithelial cells. Massive undifferentiated tumour cells and inflammatory cells at different stages of mitosis were also observed. It was concluded that surgical excision of lesion and vincristine therapy twice at 3 weeks apart only was effective to cure the eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in the horse. It was recommended that surgical excision of growths and vincristine therapy given by intravenous and local infiltration routes should be used in management of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in albino horses.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132549235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial insemination (AI) was introduced in Botswana in 1966 to provide smallholder cattle farmers with access to superior bulls for cross-breeding to improve their herd quality and performance. This review endeavours to highlight farmers’ uptake of AI service, challenges and the opportunities in the use of AI technology in Botswana. The 15 AI centres have been underutilised for the past 11 years while the number of inseminated cows has declined over time. Similarly, conception rates declined as these are a function of inseminated cows. Some major challenges limiting AI utilisation are persistent drought, outbreak of livestock diseases and parasites, climate change, inadequate extension service, high transportation costs, shortage of qualified ranch managers, inadequate transport, inadequate staff accommodation, lack of maintenance of fire breaks and perimeter fence at the AI centres, and trekking cows over very long distances to the AI centres for insemination. The underutilisation of AI centres presents an opportunity for farmers to send their cattle for insemination. In order to optimally use the AI service, extension efforts must be directed towards encouraging more farmers to use the AI centres.
{"title":"Artificial insemination in Botswana: Challenges and opportunities - A review","authors":"A. Ranko, T. Pelaelo-Grand, J. Morêki","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.150","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial insemination (AI) was introduced in Botswana in 1966 to provide smallholder cattle farmers with access to superior bulls for cross-breeding to improve their herd quality and performance. This review endeavours to highlight farmers’ uptake of AI service, challenges and the opportunities in the use of AI technology in Botswana. The 15 AI centres have been underutilised for the past 11 years while the number of inseminated cows has declined over time. Similarly, conception rates declined as these are a function of inseminated cows. Some major challenges limiting AI utilisation are persistent drought, outbreak of livestock diseases and parasites, climate change, inadequate extension service, high transportation costs, shortage of qualified ranch managers, inadequate transport, inadequate staff accommodation, lack of maintenance of fire breaks and perimeter fence at the AI centres, and trekking cows over very long distances to the AI centres for insemination. The underutilisation of AI centres presents an opportunity for farmers to send their cattle for insemination. In order to optimally use the AI service, extension efforts must be directed towards encouraging more farmers to use the AI centres.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129009584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A research was conducted with four weeks old mixed sex Arbor Acres strain of broiler chickens (n = 200) to study the effect of equi-protein replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) on carcass characteristics and meat quality potentials of broiler finishers. Five experimental diets were formulated in which the dietary SBM was partially replaced with MLM at 0, 12.50, 25, 37.50, and 50% graded levels to form T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Each treatment was allotted 40 birds with 10 birds per replicate to make up 4 replicates in a treatment. The experiment lasted for 28 days during which feed and water were offered without restrictions. At the end of the feeding trial, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed after initial mechanical stunning to assess carcass and organ characteristics, skin and shank pigmentation and palatability of cooked meat. The weight of broiler prime cuts such as the thigh, breast and drum stick were significantly (p 0.05) difference in the values recorded for cooking loss, however, in thaw loss, breast and drumstick recorded the highest (p 0.05) difference. The present results indicate that MLM replacing SBM in broiler diets can improve significantly (p<0.05) carcass yield and abdominal fat reduction. Skin and shank colouration improved (p<0.05) and no adverse effect was observed in various internal organs compared with birds on the control diet
{"title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens","authors":"A. Imoru","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.154","url":null,"abstract":"A research was conducted with four weeks old mixed sex Arbor Acres strain of broiler chickens (n = 200) to study the effect of equi-protein replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) on carcass characteristics and meat quality potentials of broiler finishers. Five experimental diets were formulated in which the dietary SBM was partially replaced with MLM at 0, 12.50, 25, 37.50, and 50% graded levels to form T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Each treatment was allotted 40 birds with 10 birds per replicate to make up 4 replicates in a treatment. The experiment lasted for 28 days during which feed and water were offered without restrictions. At the end of the feeding trial, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed after initial mechanical stunning to assess carcass and organ characteristics, skin and shank pigmentation and palatability of cooked meat. The weight of broiler prime cuts such as the thigh, breast and drum stick were significantly (p 0.05) difference in the values recorded for cooking loss, however, in thaw loss, breast and drumstick recorded the highest (p 0.05) difference. The present results indicate that MLM replacing SBM in broiler diets can improve significantly (p<0.05) carcass yield and abdominal fat reduction. Skin and shank colouration improved (p<0.05) and no adverse effect was observed in various internal organs compared with birds on the control diet","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116668061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Abiola, C. Chrysostome, M. Houndonougbo, C. Akouedegni, Pascal Houndonougbo, M. L. Tossou
The breeding system for laying hens has been the focus of scientific research for many years. During the last decade, new laying hen systems were rapidly introduced with the aim of improving the health of poultry and the welfare of consumers, producers and industries on the one hand and meeting the requirements on the other hand. The choice of the genetic type usually depends on the production performance and the color of the eggs. To this end, the aim of this work was to make a comparative review of the results obtained by different authors on effect of strain and farming system on production performance (egg production and mortality) and the characteristics of egg quality (egg weight, proportion of different parts of the egg, Haugh units, egg yolk color and carotenoid) of laying hens. Although the productive performance in ground systems is often low compared to the cage farming system, the eggs of the ground-based system have been proven by many studies to have the best nutritional properties. This review of literature on the use of different strains and different table egg farming systems could give a new direction to research.
{"title":"Laying hen strains and breeding system: A review of hen behavior and welfare, hen production performance and eggs quality traits in Africa and around the world","authors":"F. Abiola, C. Chrysostome, M. Houndonougbo, C. Akouedegni, Pascal Houndonougbo, M. L. Tossou","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.130","url":null,"abstract":"The breeding system for laying hens has been the focus of scientific research for many years. During the last decade, new laying hen systems were rapidly introduced with the aim of improving the health of poultry and the welfare of consumers, producers and industries on the one hand and meeting the requirements on the other hand. The choice of the genetic type usually depends on the production performance and the color of the eggs. To this end, the aim of this work was to make a comparative review of the results obtained by different authors on effect of strain and farming system on production performance (egg production and mortality) and the characteristics of egg quality (egg weight, proportion of different parts of the egg, Haugh units, egg yolk color and carotenoid) of laying hens. Although the productive performance in ground systems is often low compared to the cage farming system, the eggs of the ground-based system have been proven by many studies to have the best nutritional properties. This review of literature on the use of different strains and different table egg farming systems could give a new direction to research.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117128505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ajakaiye, Pan African Tsetse, F. Hassan, J. Ayo
A 6 hours experiment involving 90 apparently healthy Shika Brown layer hens of twenty-two weeks age and an average live weight of 1.1 ± 0.2 kg was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on rectal temperature (RT) and behaviour of the birds transported by road during the hot-dry season. Two experimental groups consisting of thirty layers each were separately administered orally with vitamins C and E just before transportation, while another 30 layers given sterile water only served as control. At journey time the RT was higher (p 0.05) difference in the vitamin E group. When pre- and post-transportation values were compared, the behavioural activities of tonic immobility (TI), regrouping and awareness tests were non-significant (p>0.05) in treatment groups, but control showed significant (p<0.01) difference for TI, and (p<0.05) for regrouping and awareness tests, respectively. In conclusion, vitamins C and E ameliorated the negative psycho-physiological effect of heat stress in transported birds.
{"title":"Rectal temperature and behaviour of layer hens administered with vitamins C and E and transported during the hot-dry season","authors":"J. Ajakaiye, Pan African Tsetse, F. Hassan, J. Ayo","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2018.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2018.112","url":null,"abstract":"A 6 hours experiment involving 90 apparently healthy Shika Brown layer hens of twenty-two weeks age and an average live weight of 1.1 ± 0.2 kg was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on rectal temperature (RT) and behaviour of the birds transported by road during the hot-dry season. Two experimental groups consisting of thirty layers each were separately administered orally with vitamins C and E just before transportation, while another 30 layers given sterile water only served as control. At journey time the RT was higher (p 0.05) difference in the vitamin E group. When pre- and post-transportation values were compared, the behavioural activities of tonic immobility (TI), regrouping and awareness tests were non-significant (p>0.05) in treatment groups, but control showed significant (p<0.01) difference for TI, and (p<0.05) for regrouping and awareness tests, respectively. In conclusion, vitamins C and E ameliorated the negative psycho-physiological effect of heat stress in transported birds.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124174365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to provide information on rabbit production in 20 operations in the City of Gaborone, Botswana. Data were collected from individual rabbit breeders and educational institutions (5) using a structured questionnaire and through direct observation. Rabbit farming in Botswana is only carried out at subsistence level. Results showed that 55% of male respondents were involved in rabbit production compared to 45% for females. Rabbits were kept mainly as a source of meat for families, income generation and educational purposes. Fifty percent of the rabbit stock was sourced from local breeders, 25% from South Africa and the remainder from local breeders and other countries. The predominant rabbit breeds reared were Californian (60%) and New Zealand (60%) followed by Chinchilla, Dutch and Rex with 20% each. Ninety percent of the breeders kept rabbits in cages while 3% confined them at night and let them out during the day to scavenge for feed. Fifteen percent of the respondents fed commercial rabbit pellets, 5% vegetables only while 80% fed both rabbit pellets and vegetables. The number of rabbits kept by an individual breeder ranged from 7 to 140 with mean stock size of 20.85±13.21. Litter size per doe ranged from 6 to 10 kits with 5 to 6 litters per year. Rabbits were marketed at 8 to 12 weeks of age and each rabbit was sold for Botswana Pula (BWP)150 to 250 (equivalent to USD14.30 to USD23.80). On average the ratio of a breeding buck to doe was 1:5.4 (1:1 to 1:10). The major challenges in rabbit production were lack of feed resources, lack of research support, inadequate breeding stock and lack of technical support from Government extension services. These results suggest that rabbit production has the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation.
{"title":"A survey on rabbit production in the city of Gaborone, Botswana","authors":"J. Morêki, F. Manyeula, K. Mpho","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.143","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to provide information on rabbit production in 20 operations in the City of Gaborone, Botswana. Data were collected from individual rabbit breeders and educational institutions (5) using a structured questionnaire and through direct observation. Rabbit farming in Botswana is only carried out at subsistence level. Results showed that 55% of male respondents were involved in rabbit production compared to 45% for females. Rabbits were kept mainly as a source of meat for families, income generation and educational purposes. Fifty percent of the rabbit stock was sourced from local breeders, 25% from South Africa and the remainder from local breeders and other countries. The predominant rabbit breeds reared were Californian (60%) and New Zealand (60%) followed by Chinchilla, Dutch and Rex with 20% each. Ninety percent of the breeders kept rabbits in cages while 3% confined them at night and let them out during the day to scavenge for feed. Fifteen percent of the respondents fed commercial rabbit pellets, 5% vegetables only while 80% fed both rabbit pellets and vegetables. The number of rabbits kept by an individual breeder ranged from 7 to 140 with mean stock size of 20.85±13.21. Litter size per doe ranged from 6 to 10 kits with 5 to 6 litters per year. Rabbits were marketed at 8 to 12 weeks of age and each rabbit was sold for Botswana Pula (BWP)150 to 250 (equivalent to USD14.30 to USD23.80). On average the ratio of a breeding buck to doe was 1:5.4 (1:1 to 1:10). The major challenges in rabbit production were lack of feed resources, lack of research support, inadequate breeding stock and lack of technical support from Government extension services. These results suggest that rabbit production has the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126697142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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