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Online touchpoints and customer effort: A comparative study of government and local authorities, businesses, and domestic customers 在线接触点和客户努力:政府和地方当局、企业和国内客户的比较研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.317
A. R. Zahari, Elinda Esa, Khairul Nizam Surbaini, Noor Hazlin Nor Assidin, Azmer Ezwan Abdullah
Purpose: This study aims to investigate if the online touchpoints (e-mail and mobile app) of the leading energy provider in Malaysia and customer effort were significantly different by customer types, name, government and local authorities, businesses, and domestic users. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses a primary data set of 281 and 1156 respondents with experience of using e-mail and mobile apps. A stratified sampling technique was used in the current study, and data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 27.0 for Windows. Frequency, descriptive, reliability tests, and one-way analysis of variance tests was applied to the data.  Findings: The findings showed significant differences between one of the variables of e-mail (service quality) and three dimensions of the mobile app (informational, functional, and design quality) with three types of customers. The results also revealed no significant differences between customer types and effort for both online touchpoints.  Conclusion: The findings from this study will benefit the managers or practitioners of a leading energy firm and other firms in the energy sector to strategize and utilize the online touchpoints (e-mail and mobile app) functions to serve their numerous types of customers better. Research Limitations/Implications: The current study only focuses on a leading energy firm with two types of online touchpoints. Practical Implications:  The Practitioners will be able to enhance the capabilities of online touchpoints and use these tools to efficiently engage consumers and support customer experience, happiness, and loyalty. Contribution to Literature: The current study contributes to the body of knowledge on online touchpoints and customer effort because past literature revealed a limited study on these areas, particularly in the energy sector.
目的:本研究旨在调查马来西亚领先能源供应商的在线接触点(电子邮件和移动应用程序)和客户努力是否因客户类型、名称、政府和地方当局、企业和国内用户而存在显著差异。设计/方法/方法:该研究使用了281名和1156名有使用电子邮件和移动应用程序经验的受访者的主要数据集。本研究采用分层抽样技术,并使用IBM社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)27.0 for Windows对数据进行分析。对数据进行了频率、描述性、可靠性检验和单向方差分析检验。调查结果:调查结果显示,在三种类型的客户中,电子邮件的一个变量(服务质量)和移动应用程序的三个维度(信息、功能和设计质量)之间存在显著差异。结果还显示,两个在线接触点的客户类型和努力程度之间没有显著差异。结论:这项研究的发现将有助于领先能源公司和能源行业其他公司的经理或从业者制定战略,并利用在线接触点(电子邮件和移动应用程序)功能更好地为其众多类型的客户服务。研究局限性/影响:目前的研究只关注一家拥有两种在线接触点的领先能源公司。实际意义:从业者将能够增强在线接触点的能力,并使用这些工具有效地吸引消费者,支持客户体验、幸福感和忠诚度。对文献的贡献:目前的研究有助于了解在线接触点和客户努力,因为过去的文献显示,对这些领域的研究有限,特别是在能源行业。
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引用次数: 0
Social support by communities for older adults in Malaysia 马来西亚社区对老年人的社会支持
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.315
Abdul Aziz Marzuki, Nik Norliati Fitri Md Nor, S. Rashid, S. Ghazali
Purpose: Positive developments in the socioeconomic field have led to a reduction in mortality and fertility rates and an increase in the lifespan of individuals. This has reduced the young population and increased the old population.  Senior citizens are being neglected, and loneliness is getting worse every day because of these circumstances. Therefore, in order to address the problem, there is a pressing urgency to identify how to provide support to older adults so that they can continue their daily lives easily without any problems or obstacles that can limit their activities. Social support refers to support in terms of emotions, friends, information, care, and management. Design/Methodology/Approach:  A total of 397 questionnaire forms were distributed by purposive sampling to older adults aged 60 years and above in the Perak state and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests to obtain frequency, mean, and percentages for Social Science (SPSS) software. Findings: The results of the study showed that the older adults majorly agreed with the form of social support which was provided by the community. However, based on the social support, older adults are more likely to feel accompanied by neighbours, friends, or individuals. The study discovered that older persons prefer to be to be actively involved in the society, since this also enables them to deal with severe difficulties, circumstances, and fears. This preference is demonstrated by the total degree of social assistance provided and the daily activities of the older adults.  Conclusion: The availability of social support indirectly contributes to the well-being of older adults by addressing the neglect and loneliness they may face, enabling them to maintain active and fulfilling lives. It promotes active aging by fostering social connections, enhancing mental and emotional health, and empowering older individuals to participate fully in society. Contribution to Literature Review: Social support, encompassing community support, emotional support, peer support, and information support, contributes significantly to the well-being of older adults. These forms of support help address the issues of neglect and loneliness faced by older adults, enabling them to actively age and lead fulfilling lives. The literature highlights the importance of social support systems in promoting the well-being of older adults and emphasizes the need for comprehensive support from various parties to meet the growing needs of the aging population. The literature on social support for older adults has important policy implications for promoting their well-being and addressing the challenges they face such as strengthening community support systems and encouraging peer support programs.
目的:社会经济领域的积极发展导致死亡率和生育率下降,个人寿命延长。这减少了年轻人口,增加了老年人口。老年人正在被忽视,由于这些情况,孤独感每天都在加剧。因此,为了解决这个问题,迫切需要确定如何为老年人提供支持,使他们能够轻松地继续日常生活,而不会有任何问题或障碍限制他们的活动。社会支持是指情感、朋友、信息、关怀、管理等方面的支持。设计/方法/方法:通过有目的抽样向霹雳州60岁及以上的老年人分发了397份问卷,并使用描述性统计检验对社会科学(SPSS)软件进行分析,以获得频率,平均值和百分比。结果:研究结果显示,老年人对社区提供的社会支持形式的认同程度较高。然而,基于社会支持,老年人更有可能感受到邻居、朋友或个人的陪伴。研究发现,老年人更愿意积极参与社会,因为这也使他们能够处理严重的困难、情况和恐惧。这种偏好表现在老年人提供的社会援助的总程度和日常活动上。结论:社会支持的可用性通过解决老年人可能面临的忽视和孤独,使他们能够保持积极和充实的生活,间接地有助于老年人的福祉。它通过培养社会联系、增强心理和情感健康以及增强老年人充分参与社会的能力,促进积极老龄化。对文献综述的贡献:社会支持,包括社区支持、情感支持、同伴支持和信息支持,对老年人的幸福有重要贡献。这些形式的支持有助于解决老年人面临的忽视和孤独问题,使他们能够积极地度过晚年,过上充实的生活。文献强调了社会支持系统在促进老年人福祉方面的重要性,并强调需要各方的综合支持,以满足日益增长的老龄化人口需求。关于老年人社会支持的文献对促进他们的福祉和解决他们面临的挑战具有重要的政策意义,例如加强社区支持系统和鼓励同伴支持计划。
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引用次数: 0
Do innovation and proactiveness impact the business performance of women-owned small and medium-scale enterprises in Vietnam? A study using the PLS-SEM approach 创新和积极性是否会影响越南女性拥有的中小型企业的经营业绩?PLS-SEM方法研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.314
Nguyen Thi Loan, Mohsen Brahmi, Le Thi Nuong, Le Thi Binh
Purpose: This study aims to identify and evaluate the relationship between factors and the business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam focusing on the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation factors such as innovation, risk-taking and proactiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were obtained from 350 female entrepreneurs of SMEs in Vietnam using a structured questionnaire. The partial least squares structural equation modeling method (PLS-SEM) was applied to find the cause-and-effect relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables. Findings: The results show that the business capacity of business owners, the quality of human resources, access to finance, social capital, entrepreneurial orientation and government policies positively impact the enterprise's business performance. The relationship between the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and business performance is examined. In detail, proactiveness and innovation have a positive relationship while risk-taking negatively affects the business performance of women-owned SMEs. Conclusion: The study has shown the factors affecting the business performance of women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam and at the same time   proved that EO is a multidimensional concept when the dimensions of EO tend to have different effects on business performance. Research Limitations and Implications: The research may lack a comparison in the field of SMEs to deeply understand the cause-and-effect relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical Implications: Research results provide insight for businesses, state management agencies, credit institutions and associations on policy-making and appropriate solutions to support and develop the enterprise.  Contribution to Literature: The important impact of proactiveness and innovation on SMEs' business performance opens a new door to more research in business orientation.
目的:本研究旨在识别和评估越南女性拥有的中小企业(SME)的经营绩效与因素之间的关系,重点关注创业导向因素的维度,如创新、冒险和积极性。设计/方法/方法:使用结构化问卷从越南350名中小企业女企业家中获得数据。应用偏最小二乘结构方程建模方法(PLS-SEM),找出外生变量与内生变量之间的因果关系。研究结果表明:企业主的经营能力、人力资源质量、获得资金的途径、社会资本、创业导向和政府政策对企业经营绩效有积极影响。考察了创业导向三个维度与企业绩效之间的关系。具体而言,积极性和创新具有积极关系,而冒险行为对女性拥有的中小企业的经营业绩产生负面影响。结论:本研究揭示了影响越南女性拥有的中小企业经营业绩的因素,同时证明了EO是一个多维度的概念,当EO的维度对经营业绩的影响往往不同时。研究局限性和启示:本研究可能缺乏中小企业领域的比较,无法深入理解外生变量和内生变量之间的因果关系。因此,鼓励研究人员进一步检验所提出的命题。实际意义:研究结果为企业、国家管理机构、信贷机构和协会提供了支持和发展企业的决策和适当解决方案方面的见解。文献贡献:积极性和创新性对中小企业经营绩效的重要影响为更多的商业导向研究打开了新的大门。
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引用次数: 2
The causal factors that affect the organizational performance of large-size companies in Thailand through HR analytics 通过人力资源分析影响泰国大型公司组织绩效的因果因素
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.312
Sukawat Penpokai, Sujira Vuthisopon, Amnuay Saengnoree
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the causal factors, namely Organizational Culture (OC), Technology Adoption (TEA), and HR Competencies (HRC) on Organizational Performance (ORP), with a focus on the moderating effect of HR analytics (HRA). Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected using the purposive sampling method from 498 top management in the human resources department working for large-size organizations in Thailand. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) are applied as statistical techniques to validate and test the proposed hypotheses of the conceptual framework. Findings: Results give strong supporting evidence to accept all the proposed hypotheses that the studied factors are contributing to each other and creating an impact on organizational performance. Conclusion: It is confirmed that ORC, TEA, and HRC have positively impacts on HRA and ORP. In addition, it is also confirmed that HRA acts as a moderating factor to facilitate the impact of ORC, TEA, and HRC on ORP. Research Limitations/Implications: The scope of this study only focuses on large-size organizations that operate in Thailand. Practical Implications: This study provides guidelines for an organization to improve factors that can have a positive impact on their performances. Contribution to Literature: This study serves as one of the pioneering contributions to the field of HRA and its implications for ORP.
目的:本研究旨在调查组织文化(OC)、技术采用(TEA)和人力资源能力(HRC)等因果因素对组织绩效(ORP)的影响,重点研究人力资源分析(HRA)的调节作用。设计/方法/方法:采用有目的的抽样方法,从泰国大型组织人力资源部门的498名高级管理人员中收集数据。验证性因素分析(CFA)和结构方程模型(SEM)被用作统计技术来验证和检验概念框架的假设。研究结果:研究结果有力地支持了所有提出的假设,即所研究的因素相互促进,并对组织绩效产生影响。结论:ORC、TEA和HRC对HRA和ORP有正向影响。此外,还证实HRA是促进ORC、TEA和HRC对ORP影响的调节因素。研究局限性/影响:本研究的范围仅限于在泰国运营的大型组织。实际意义:这项研究为组织改进对其绩效有积极影响的因素提供了指导。对文献的贡献:这项研究是对HRA及其对ORP的影响领域的开创性贡献之一。
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引用次数: 2
The impact of sets education on disaster education on student mitigation skills and resilience 集合教育对灾害教育对学生减灾技能和抗灾能力的影响
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.313
S. E. Atmojo, R. Rahmawati, Mitha Dwi Anggriani
Purpose: The high potential threat of disasters that will occur in Indonesia requires anticipation from various sectors including education. The concept of natural disasters will be easy to understand if applied in an integrated manner between natural disasters and science, environment, technology, and society. Therefore, it is very important for today's youth that it has a long-term impact and reaches a very wide population so that it is possible to minimize the risk in the event of a disaster. This study aims to 1) analyze the characteristics, 2) analyze the validity of the SETS-based disaster education model in disaster mitigation and resilience 3) analyze the effectiveness of the SETS-based disaster education model in natural disaster mitigation and resilience. Design/Methodology/Approach: Participants in this study were elementary school students. The method used is development research from Borg and Gall.  According to professional judgement, this study followed five of the ten procedures outlined by Borg and Gall to develop a viable product.  Finding: The results showed that 1) the SETS-based disaster education learning model has six stages; 2) the SETS-based disaster education model in disaster mitigation and resilience is valid and feasible to use; 3) The results of the effectiveness test show that the SETS-based disaster education model is effective in increasing students' fatigue and resilience skills. Conclusion: This research contributes to the body of knowledge by informing the public about the importance of SETS-based disaster education for individuals to improve their mitigation and resilience skills in the event of natural disasters. Furthermore, the research findings are enhanced by the literature on SETS-based disaster education, which is currently understudied. The limitation of this study is that it was only done up till professional validation was done. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research with more complete and extensive stages.
目的:印度尼西亚将发生的高潜在灾害威胁需要包括教育在内的各个部门的预期。如果把自然灾害与科学、环境、技术、社会等综合起来运用,自然灾害的概念就容易理解。因此,对于今天的年轻人来说,这是非常重要的,它具有长期的影响,并达到非常广泛的人口,这样就有可能在发生灾难时将风险降到最低。本研究旨在:1)分析特征;2)分析基于ets的灾害教育模式在减灾与抗灾中的有效性;3)分析基于ets的灾害教育模式在自然灾害减灾与抗灾中的有效性。设计/方法/方法:本研究以小学生为研究对象。所使用的方法是Borg和Gall的发展研究。根据专业判断,本研究遵循了Borg和Gall概述的十个程序中的五个来开发可行的产品。研究发现:1)基于sets的灾害教育学习模式有6个阶段;2)基于sets的灾害教育模式在减灾和抗灾方面是有效和可行的;3)有效性检验结果表明,基于sets的灾害教育模式对提高学生的疲劳技能和应变能力是有效的。结论:本研究通过向公众宣传基于sets的灾害教育对个人在发生自然灾害时提高其减灾和恢复能力的重要性,为知识体系做出了贡献。此外,基于sets的灾害教育的文献也加强了研究结果,这方面的研究目前尚不充分。本研究的局限性在于它只在专业验证完成之前进行。因此,有必要进行更全面、更广泛的阶段研究。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of teachers' training and development programmes in secondary schools: Administrators' and teachers' perceptions 中学教师培训和发展计划的评价:行政人员和教师的看法
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.311
M. Asuquo, V. J. Owan, J. A. Ekpenyong, S. B. Undie, U. Mbon, G. E. Anagbogu, N. Ukpong, O. Okpa, Felicia Agbor-Obun Dan, I. I. Okoi, B. Otu, Patrick Ogar Ategwu
Purpose: This study evaluates staff Training and Development Programmes (TDPs) in secondary schools based on the views of administrators and teachers. The research was implemented in public secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted the survey research design with 5408 participants (administrators = 542; teachers = 4595). Four research questions guided the study. The Staff Training and Development Programmes Questionnaire (STDPQ) was used for data collection. Findings revealed essential areas of staff training and development. Findings: Various methods are employed for staff training and development. The results further showed various constraints that impeded staff TDPs in secondary schools. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that staff in secondary schools have different training and development needs adjudged by both the principals and teachers as crucial for job enhancement. Various staff training and development methods can serve as valuable programmes to improve the current methods adopted. Research Limitations and Implications: There are various limitations in this study such as the small scope which may affect the extent to which generalizations can be made. It is suggested that future studies focus on expanding the scope to other regions and nations. Practical Implications: Despite the limitations, the study has made some advances to human capital and self-determination theories by providing findings.  The findings of this study may direct the attention of curriculum planners, the government and school management to offer training and development opportunities based on the needs of teachers. Contribution to Literature: The study has contributed to the literature on staff training and development which can constitute a basis for further research in related areas.
目的:本研究根据管理人员和教师的意见,评估中学的员工培训和发展计划。这项研究在尼日利亚克罗斯河州的公立中学进行。设计/方法/方法:该研究采用了5408名参与者的调查研究设计(管理人员=542;教师=4595)。四个研究问题指导了这项研究。工作人员培训和发展方案调查表用于数据收集。调查结果揭示了工作人员培训和发展的重要领域。调查结果:工作人员的培训和发展采用了各种方法。研究结果进一步显示了阻碍中学教职员工TDP的各种制约因素。结论:根据调查结果,得出的结论是,中学教职员工有不同的培训和发展需求,校长和教师都认为这对提高工作至关重要。各种工作人员培训和发展方法可以成为改进目前采用的方法的宝贵方案。研究局限性和意义:这项研究存在各种局限性,例如范围较小,可能会影响概括的程度。有人建议,未来的研究重点是将范围扩大到其他地区和国家。实践启示:尽管存在局限性,但该研究通过提供研究结果,在人力资本和自决理论方面取得了一些进展。这项研究的结果可能会引起课程规划者、政府和学校管理层的注意,根据教师的需求提供培训和发展机会。对文献的贡献:这项研究为有关工作人员培训和发展的文献做出了贡献,可以为相关领域的进一步研究奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Business linkage and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises: A case study of enterprises engaged in exporting agricultural products 中小企业的经营联动与绩效:以农产品出口企业为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.302
Nguyen Thi Loan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan, Nguyen Khanh Nam
Purpose: Recently, Vietnam’s agricultural exports have been on a steady rise making a substantial contribution to the country's economic development in the most challenging times. This study aims to analyze the determinants of business performance among agricultural exporters in the context of international economic integration. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data were obtained from 253 enterprises in Vietnam using a structured questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS software for structural equation modeling method (SEM) analysis to find the cause-and-effect relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables. Findings: The research findings indicate that market factors have the most significant impact on business performance (BP) followed by linkages and networks, management capacity and human resources in enterprises. Additionally, the study examines the moderating role of gender and the management experience of business owners in the relationship between factors and business performance. Conclusion: The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between the eight proposed factors that determine the business success of SMEs operating in the field of export agriculture. There is no significant difference between age, sex and education level in the impact of factors determining the business performance of SMEs exporting agricultural products in Vietnam. Meanwhile, management experience and the number of years of export have the effect of regulating the impact relationship in the model. Research Limitations and Implications: This study was conducted on a national scale but the number of units participating in the survey is not really representative mainly concentrated in the northern and central Vietnamese exporters. Meanwhile, the South has a large number of export SMEs, so the sample coverage is insufficient. Practical Implications: Research results provide insight for businesses, state management agencies, credit institutions and associations on policy-making and appropriate solutions to support and develop exporting SMEs and enhance the effectiveness of agricultural export activities in the future. Contribution to Literature: The study has an important contribution both in theory and practice when fully systematizing and logically interpreting the determinants of BP for SMEs exporting agricultural products in Vietnam. In terms of practice, the relationship has been explained and management implications have been proposed especially in demand research and market access, building linkages and cooperation mechanisms between parties to strengthen the power of exporting SMEs.
目的:最近,越南的农产品出口稳步增长,在最具挑战性的时期为该国的经济发展做出了重大贡献。本研究旨在分析国际经济一体化背景下农业出口商经营绩效的决定因素。设计/方法/方法:使用结构化问卷从越南253家企业获得数据。数据分析采用SPSS 20.0和AMOS软件进行结构方程建模方法(SEM)分析,找出外生变量和内生变量之间的因果关系。研究结果:研究结果表明,市场因素对企业绩效的影响最为显著,其次是企业的联系和网络、管理能力和人力资源。此外,本研究还考察了性别和企业主的管理经验在因素与企业绩效之间的关系中的调节作用。结论:研究结果表明,决定出口农业中小企业经营成功的八个因素之间存在统计学上显著的关系。在决定越南农产品出口中小企业经营业绩的因素的影响方面,年龄、性别和教育水平之间没有显著差异。同时,管理经验和出口年数对模型中的影响关系具有调节作用。研究局限性和影响:这项研究是在全国范围内进行的,但参与调查的单位数量并没有真正的代表性,主要集中在越南北部和中部的出口商。同时,南方有大量出口中小企业,样本覆盖率不足。实际意义:研究结果为企业、国家管理机构、信贷机构和协会提供了决策和适当解决方案的见解,以支持和发展出口中小企业,并提高未来农业出口活动的有效性。文献贡献:本研究在理论和实践上对越南农产品出口中小企业BP的决定因素进行全面系统化和逻辑解释具有重要贡献。在实践方面,已经解释了这种关系,并提出了管理方面的影响,特别是在需求研究和市场准入、建立各方之间的联系和合作机制以加强出口中小企业的力量方面。
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引用次数: 2
The gap between teachers' English proficiency, necessity and online learning skills in the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间教师英语水平、必要性和在线学习技能之间的差距
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.290
Hadiyanto, A. Mukminin, R. Ali, M. Fauzan, Sovia Wulandari
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between teachers’ perceived necessity and their online learning skills during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. It focuses on four key elements of online course design:  course communication, resource authenticity, time management and technical skills. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative survey was used to collect data from 39 teachers using the Survey Monkey application and manual returns. The data was collected through five Likert- scale questionnaires. Finding: The findings showed a significant discrepancy between teachers' perceived necessity and their actual online learning skills. The mean score for teachers' perceived necessity for online learning was at the highest level while their actual skills were at the lowest. A positive correlation between English proficiency and teachers' online learning skills was found. Further analysis demonstrated a significant   relationship between English proficiency and teachers' online learning skills. Conclusion:  Teachers perceived the necessity for online learning skills as crucial as their actual skills were found to be limited or low during the pandemic.  Furthermore, the study demonstrated that English proficiency skills positively impact teachers’ online learning skills. Research Limitations: It is recommended to carry out a more extensive investigation involving a larger population to obtain generalizable results. Practical Implication: The result indicates that teacher training in online learning skills is crucial in preparation for the future. The study informs the policymaker to consider further emergency situations related to the full online learning policy. Contribution to Literature: This study highlights the importance of English proficiency in the development of online teaching skills.
目的:本研究旨在调查新冠肺炎大流行期间印度尼西亚教师感知的必要性与其在线学习技能之间的关系。它关注在线课程设计的四个关键要素:课程沟通、资源真实性、时间管理和技术技能。设计/方法/方法:使用survey Monkey应用程序和手动返回,对39名教师进行了定量调查,收集了数据。数据是通过五个Likert量表收集的。调查结果:调查结果显示,教师感知的必要性与他们实际的在线学习技能之间存在显著差异。教师对在线学习必要性的感知平均得分最高,而他们的实际技能最低。研究发现,英语水平与教师的在线学习技能呈正相关。进一步的分析表明,英语水平与教师的在线学习技能之间存在显著关系。结论:教师认为在线学习技能的必要性至关重要,因为他们的实际技能在疫情期间被发现是有限的或较低的。此外,该研究表明,英语熟练技能对教师的在线学习技能有积极影响。研究局限性:建议进行更广泛的调查,涉及更多的人群,以获得可推广的结果。实际意义:研究结果表明,教师在线学习技能培训对未来的准备工作至关重要。该研究通知决策者考虑与全面在线学习政策相关的进一步紧急情况。对文献的贡献:这项研究强调了英语水平在在线教学技能发展中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between trade liberalization and gender disparity in education: Evidence from Pakistan 贸易自由化与教育性别差异的关系:来自巴基斯坦的证据
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.291
Jabbar Ul-Haq, Iqra Ashraf, A. Cheema, Q. Hye, H. Visas
Purpose: Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the relationship between trade liberalization and gender inequality in developing countries. In Pakistan, due to its social, demographic, cultural and economic problems, gender disparity in education (GDE) is still prevalent. This study examines the impact of trade reforms on gender disparity in education using micro data from Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: The feasible generalized least-squares (FGLS) method is employed for empirical analysis. We used panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs) for robustness checks. Findings: The analysis reveals that a reduction in import tariffs is associated with GDE. Trade liberalization gives rise to gender disparities. We added several control variables to the baseline model for robustness checks. Regarding the control variables, average family wage income, family size, urbanization, female-to-male labor force participation and the female share of the total labor force are identified as important determinants of GDE in Pakistan. Originality or Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by studying the relationship between trade liberalization and gender disparity in education in Pakistan and employing a better measure of reductions in import tariffs for trade liberalization. We construct a provincial liberalization index. Second, this study takes into account the whole trade regime as a sample period (i.e., from 1990-2005) to assess the impacts of the trade regime as protection rates significantly reduced through this regime. Third, we measure the gender gap in education by comparing males and females' average years of schooling as opposed to previous studies that used secondary school enrolment ratios as a proxy for the gender gap in education. Fourth, we used panel data to explore the impact of trade liberalization on gender disparity in education for empirical analysis.
目的:在过去几十年中,人们对了解发展中国家贸易自由化与性别不平等之间的关系越来越感兴趣。在巴基斯坦,由于其社会、人口、文化和经济问题,教育中的性别差距仍然普遍存在。本研究利用巴基斯坦的微观数据考察了贸易改革对教育中性别差异的影响。设计/方法/方法:采用可行的广义最小二乘法进行实证分析。我们使用面板校正标准误差(PCSE)进行稳健性检查。调查结果:分析表明,进口关税的降低与GDE有关。贸易自由化导致了性别差异。我们在基线模型中添加了几个控制变量,用于稳健性检查。关于控制变量,平均家庭工资收入、家庭规模、城市化、女性对男性劳动力的参与以及女性在总劳动力中的份额被确定为巴基斯坦GDE的重要决定因素。原创性或价值:这项研究通过研究贸易自由化与巴基斯坦教育中的性别差异之间的关系,并采用更好的措施来降低进口关税,从而为现有文献做出贡献。我们构建了一个省级自由化指数。其次,本研究将整个贸易制度作为一个样本期(即1990-2005年),以评估贸易制度的影响,因为该制度大大降低了保护率。第三,我们通过比较男性和女性的平均受教育年限来衡量教育中的性别差距,而之前的研究则使用中学入学率作为教育中性别差距的指标。第四,我们使用面板数据来探讨贸易自由化对教育性别差异的影响,以进行实证分析。
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引用次数: 3
The relationship between regional development, human development and poverty: A perspective from the Indonesian province 区域发展、人类发展与贫困之间的关系:从印度尼西亚省的视角
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.55951/nurture.v17i3.283
Senen Machmud, I. Sidharta
Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between human development, poverty and regional economic growth.  There is short-run and long-run equilibrium. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a quantitative approach with panel data from the Jambi Province National Bureau of Statistics for 2010-2022. Researchers used cointegration and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) panels to analyze research data. Findings: The results of the study indicate that human development has a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product growth but   poverty has no effect on gross domestic product growth. The results of the coefficient calculation show a negative value indicating that an increase in gross domestic product growth can reduce poverty. Conclusion: The calculation results show the research model's short-run and long-run relationships. Each aspect of HDI has a significant effect on GRDP. Therefore, if there is an increase in HDI, it will cause an increase in GRDP. Research Limitations and Implications: This study only uses human development and poverty variables. Future researchers should add variables that affect the region's economic growth such as unemployment, inflation, welfare, regional inequality and developing countries. Practical Implications: The research results contribute to the recommendations of policymakers for the need to form a regional poverty reduction committee and develop regional poverty reduction strategies as the basis for mainstreaming poverty reduction, improving access and providing social service facilities such as education and health to reduce poverty and improve the welfare of Indonesian residents. Contribution to Literature: This research can add to the literature on regional economic growth, human development   and poverty regarding macroeconomic studies' short-run and long-run equilibrium.
目的:研究人类发展、贫困与区域经济增长之间的关系。存在短期和长期均衡。设计/方法/方法:本研究使用了定量方法,使用了占碑省国家统计局2010-2022年的面板数据。研究人员使用协整和完全修正最小二乘(FMOLS)面板来分析研究数据。研究结果:研究结果表明,人类发展对国内生产总值增长有积极而显著的影响,但贫困对国内生产产值增长没有影响。系数计算结果为负值,表明国内生产总值增长可以减少贫困。结论:计算结果显示了研究模型的短期和长期关系。HDI的每一个方面都对GRDP有显著影响。因此,如果HDI增加,将导致GRDP增加。研究局限性和影响:本研究仅使用人类发展和贫困变量。未来的研究人员应该增加影响该地区经济增长的变量,如失业、通货膨胀、福利、地区不平等和发展中国家。实际影响:研究结果有助于决策者提出建议,即有必要成立一个区域减贫委员会,并制定区域减贫战略,作为将减贫纳入主流的基础,改善获得和提供教育和卫生等社会服务设施的机会,以减少贫困,改善印度尼西亚居民的福利。对文献的贡献:这项研究可以增加关于区域经济增长、人类发展和贫困的文献,涉及宏观经济研究的短期和长期平衡。
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引用次数: 0
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Nurture
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