Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116876
Cong Li , Yao Zheng , Linhan Yuan , Shuangjie Qin , Yang Zou , Xiaohong Chen , Hongjuan Li , Hongbo Li , Jinghua Yu
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different heat treatments on the basic characteristics and protein structure of milk basic protein (MBP). MBP was separated and purified by cation-exchange chromatography and the optimal process conditions for this method were determined by single factor experiments. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of MBP were investigated, and the effects of different pasteurizations on its protein structure were further compared. The results showed that the protein purified by cation exchange chromatography was 97.53%. The optimum parameters were as follows: loading speed 1.2 mL/min, elution speed 1.4 mL/min, eluent concentration 1 mol/L, sample and buffer pH 6.5. Pasteurization treatment increased the surface hydrophobicity of MBP, decreased the particle size, and increased the fluorescence intensity. These findings provided a scientific basis for the optimization of MBP separation and purification technology and its application in food.
{"title":"Unveiling the impact of pasteurizations on the structural properties of milk basic proteins purified by cation-exchange chromatography","authors":"Cong Li , Yao Zheng , Linhan Yuan , Shuangjie Qin , Yang Zou , Xiaohong Chen , Hongjuan Li , Hongbo Li , Jinghua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different heat treatments on the basic characteristics and protein structure of milk basic protein (MBP). MBP was separated and purified by cation-exchange chromatography and the optimal process conditions for this method were determined by single factor experiments. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of MBP were investigated, and the effects of different pasteurizations on its protein structure were further compared. The results showed that the protein purified by cation exchange chromatography was 97.53%. The optimum parameters were as follows: loading speed 1.2 mL/min, elution speed 1.4 mL/min, eluent concentration 1 mol/L, sample and buffer pH 6.5. Pasteurization treatment increased the surface hydrophobicity of MBP, decreased the particle size, and increased the fluorescence intensity. These findings provided a scientific basis for the optimization of MBP separation and purification technology and its application in food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116893
Ruiqi Hu , Baisen Chen , Xiaolu Zhou, Gongke Li
Cyclic cataluminescence (CCTL) technology, with its unique cyclic flow path design and multistage signal capture capability, presents a cutting-edge solution for the comprehensive analysis of complex samples. Aiming to realize classification and adulteration identification of rose cosmetics, a rapid and reliable CCTL method was developed in this study. A γ-Al2O3/Eu2O3 composite was synthesized by combining γ-Al2O3 and Eu2O3. Leveraging cataluminescence reactions induced by monoterpenols on the surface of the γ-Al2O3/Eu2O3 composite, the developed CCTL method can capture a series of multistage signals within just 2 min, with the catalyst maintaining high performance for over 23 days. The mechanism for the response of γ-Al2O3/Eu2O3 toward monoterpenols was investigated, and the multistage signals of different monoterpenols satisfy the exponential decay equation with a certain decay coefficient. Monoterpenols are important functional components of rose cosmetics. By integrating linear discriminant and hierarchical cluster analysis, the method successfully distinguishes between six varieties of Damascus rose essential oils regions, three rose perfume and three toners brands, achieving a 100% classification accuracy in the tested dataset (n = 60, 30 and 30, respectively). This study introduces lanthanide metal oxides with exceptional luminescent properties into CCTL sensors, offering an innovative and highly efficient approach for the rapid, reliable identification of rose cosmetics containing monoterpenols.
{"title":"Monoterpenols cyclic cataluminescence based on γ-Al2O3/Eu2O3 composite coupled with chemometrics for rapid identification of rose cosmetics","authors":"Ruiqi Hu , Baisen Chen , Xiaolu Zhou, Gongke Li","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic cataluminescence (CCTL) technology, with its unique cyclic flow path design and multistage signal capture capability, presents a cutting-edge solution for the comprehensive analysis of complex samples. Aiming to realize classification and adulteration identification of rose cosmetics, a rapid and reliable CCTL method was developed in this study. A γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite was synthesized by combining γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Leveraging cataluminescence reactions induced by monoterpenols on the surface of the γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite, the developed CCTL method can capture a series of multistage signals within just 2 min, with the catalyst maintaining high performance for over 23 days. The mechanism for the response of γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> toward monoterpenols was investigated, and the multistage signals of different monoterpenols satisfy the exponential decay equation with a certain decay coefficient. Monoterpenols are important functional components of rose cosmetics. By integrating linear discriminant and hierarchical cluster analysis, the method successfully distinguishes between six varieties of Damascus rose essential oils regions, three rose perfume and three toners brands, achieving a 100% classification accuracy in the tested dataset (<em>n</em> = 60, 30 and 30, respectively). This study introduces lanthanide metal oxides with exceptional luminescent properties into CCTL sensors, offering an innovative and highly efficient approach for the rapid, reliable identification of rose cosmetics containing monoterpenols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116914
Shiyu Li , Li Zhang , Haihua Zhang , Fang Yang , Jun Dang
Hyperlipidemia is closely linked to abnormal dietary lipid absorption, and pancreatic lipase (PL) is a key target for inhibiting intestinal lipid hydrolysis. Thus, the efficient discovery of PL inhibitors is crucial for treating the disease. However, existing recognition techniques suffer from false positives and disconnection from subsequent separation, hindering the exploration of natural product active components. This study developed an online high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) recognition system. It enables real-time mixing of chromatographic eluents with PL solution, forming protein-ligand complexes that yield characteristic negative peaks due to their lower fluorescence, thus enabling rapid localization of PL-binding components at corresponding retention times. Validation with orlistat as a reference standard confirmed the system's high precision, stability, and specificity. When applied to the crude extract of Sinacalia tangutica, this system recognized 15 active chromatographic peaks in a single analysis. Combined with an activity-guided progressive separation strategy, 16 compounds were obtained and exhibited PL inhibitory activity in vitro enzymatic assays. The therapeutic potential of phlorizin, one of inhibitors identified by our recognition system, was evaluated in hyperlipidemic mice. High-dose phlorizin lowered serum total cholesterol (TC) by 46.3% and triglyceride (TG) by 66.3%, reduced pancreatic PL content by 52.4%, raised fecal TG by 65.7%, alleviated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress, with efficacy near orlistat. This integrated strategy of online recognition with activity-guided separation provides an efficient solution for the discovery of natural PL inhibitors with therapeutic potential.
{"title":"Online HPLC-FLD recognition system drives activity-guided progressive separation to discover pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Sinacalia tangutica","authors":"Shiyu Li , Li Zhang , Haihua Zhang , Fang Yang , Jun Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperlipidemia is closely linked to abnormal dietary lipid absorption, and pancreatic lipase (PL) is a key target for inhibiting intestinal lipid hydrolysis. Thus, the efficient discovery of PL inhibitors is crucial for treating the disease. However, existing recognition techniques suffer from false positives and disconnection from subsequent separation, hindering the exploration of natural product active components. This study developed an online high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) recognition system. It enables real-time mixing of chromatographic eluents with PL solution, forming protein-ligand complexes that yield characteristic negative peaks due to their lower fluorescence, thus enabling rapid localization of PL-binding components at corresponding retention times. Validation with orlistat as a reference standard confirmed the system's high precision, stability, and specificity. When applied to the crude extract of <em>Sinacalia tangutica</em>, this system recognized 15 active chromatographic peaks in a single analysis. Combined with an activity-guided progressive separation strategy, 16 compounds were obtained and exhibited PL inhibitory activity <em>in vitro</em> enzymatic assays. The therapeutic potential of phlorizin, one of inhibitors identified by our recognition system, was evaluated in hyperlipidemic mice. High-dose phlorizin lowered serum total cholesterol (TC) by 46.3% and triglyceride (TG) by 66.3%, reduced pancreatic PL content by 52.4%, raised fecal TG by 65.7%, alleviated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress, with efficacy near orlistat. This integrated strategy of online recognition with activity-guided separation provides an efficient solution for the discovery of natural PL inhibitors with therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116900
Jiatong Li , Shiyu Ou , Yaxuan Luo , Qing Han , Yongxin Li , Hui Huang
A new cerium-based nanozyme (BpyCe) with high organophosphorus hydrolase-like activity was simply prepared. A sensing platform free of natural enzymes was constructed for the selective detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in juice drinks and fruits, based on both absorbance measurements and smartphone-assisted RGB value extraction. The synthesis method of Bpy-Ce was simple, structurally stable, and had good organophosphorus hydrolase-like activity. Fenitrothion was hydrolyzed to yellow 3-methyl-p-nitrophenol through hydrolysis of the PO bond. This hydrolysis process can be directly judged visually. Therefore, not only were the absorbance values used to determine the yellow hydrolyzed product of fenitrothion, but also the color of the product in the picture was preserved through smartphone-assisted methods. The RGB values of the colors in the image were extracted, and the R, G, and B values were added. These methods can detect the corresponding concentration of fenitrothion in juice drinks. The colorimetric sensing platform exhibited excellent performance for point-of-care detection (POCT) of real samples. And the detection limit of Bpy-Ce nanozyme for fenitrothion has reached 0.022 μg/mL. Free of natural enzymes fenitrothion sensing platform exhibited selective and robust anti-interference capability, providing a new strategy for selective point-of-care detection of OPs.
{"title":"Smartphone-assisted detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in juice drinks and fruits based on cerium-based nanozyme","authors":"Jiatong Li , Shiyu Ou , Yaxuan Luo , Qing Han , Yongxin Li , Hui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new cerium-based nanozyme (Bpy<img>Ce) with high organophosphorus hydrolase-like activity was simply prepared. A sensing platform free of natural enzymes was constructed for the selective detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in juice drinks and fruits, based on both absorbance measurements and smartphone-assisted RGB value extraction. The synthesis method of Bpy-Ce was simple, structurally stable, and had good organophosphorus hydrolase-like activity. Fenitrothion was hydrolyzed to yellow 3-methyl-p-nitrophenol through hydrolysis of the P<img>O bond. This hydrolysis process can be directly judged visually. Therefore, not only were the absorbance values used to determine the yellow hydrolyzed product of fenitrothion, but also the color of the product in the picture was preserved through smartphone-assisted methods. The RGB values of the colors in the image were extracted, and the R, G, and B values were added. These methods can detect the corresponding concentration of fenitrothion in juice drinks. The colorimetric sensing platform exhibited excellent performance for point-of-care detection (POCT) of real samples. And the detection limit of Bpy-Ce nanozyme for fenitrothion has reached 0.022 μg/mL. Free of natural enzymes fenitrothion sensing platform exhibited selective and robust anti-interference capability, providing a new strategy for selective point-of-care detection of OPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116894
Xuhua Wu , Qingquan Xia , Xiangchao Meng , Zhongyue Huang , Jiang Li , Jiangyi Liu , Xujun Li , Teng Fei , Xiaoliu Li , Ke Rong
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating pathological progression and represent promising biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment, and management of postoperative orthopedic joint healing. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescent miRNA detection system based on a single probe-assembly, which is constructed by hybridizing three hairpin-structured strands. This design enables target-triggered, self-priming-mediated cyclic amplification. The sensing mechanism involves three key features: (i) The method employs only one probe composed of three strands, significantly streamlining the experimental procedure; (ii) The three strands are responsible for target recognition, signal recycling, strand displacement, and self-priming cyclic amplification. In the presence of the target miRNA, the probe disassembles, allowing highly sensitive detection with a limit of detection as low as 150 aM; (iii) The probe-assembly is immobilized on streptavidin-modified magnetic beads (sMBs), and the removal of interfering molecules confers strong anti-interference capability. The sensor exhibits the ability to discriminate single-base mismatches among homologous sequences and maintains stable performance in complex biological matrices. Furthermore, it has been successfully applied to accurately quantify miRNA in processed clinical samples, highlighting its potential for use in clinical diagnostics and postoperative orthopedic joint healing research.
{"title":"Target triggered self-priming cyclic extension on probe-assembly for sensitive postoperative orthopedic joint healing related microRNA detection","authors":"Xuhua Wu , Qingquan Xia , Xiangchao Meng , Zhongyue Huang , Jiang Li , Jiangyi Liu , Xujun Li , Teng Fei , Xiaoliu Li , Ke Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating pathological progression and represent promising biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment, and management of postoperative orthopedic joint healing. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescent miRNA detection system based on a single probe-assembly, which is constructed by hybridizing three hairpin-structured strands. This design enables target-triggered, self-priming-mediated cyclic amplification. The sensing mechanism involves three key features: (i) The method employs only one probe composed of three strands, significantly streamlining the experimental procedure; (ii) The three strands are responsible for target recognition, signal recycling, strand displacement, and self-priming cyclic amplification. In the presence of the target miRNA, the probe disassembles, allowing highly sensitive detection with a limit of detection as low as 150 aM; (iii) The probe-assembly is immobilized on streptavidin-modified magnetic beads (sMBs), and the removal of interfering molecules confers strong anti-interference capability. The sensor exhibits the ability to discriminate single-base mismatches among homologous sequences and maintains stable performance in complex biological matrices. Furthermore, it has been successfully applied to accurately quantify miRNA in processed clinical samples, highlighting its potential for use in clinical diagnostics and postoperative orthopedic joint healing research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 116894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the residue behavior of spirodiclofen (SPI) and chlorfenapyr (CHL) is crucial for ensuring food safety and safeguarding human health. This study systematically investigated the degradation patterns, residue accumulation, and dietary risk assessment in the pear orchard environment. The experimental results indicate that the average recovery rate of SPI and CHL in pear ranged from 80.9% to 110.6%, with a RSD of 0.2% to 5.3%. The degradation half-lives of SPI and CHL in pears were 6.3 days and 10.3 days, respectively. Following repeated pesticide applications, both compounds exhibited a certain degree of residue accumulation in pears. The results of the dietary risk assessment indicate that the intake of CHL in pears does not pose significant health risks and remains within acceptable limits. However, the dietary exposure levels of SPI suggest a potential chronic dietary intake risk for children. For SPI, it is recommended to apply a single spray at the maximum recommended dose. The interval to harvest is 28 days. For CHL, it is recommended to use it at the maximum recommended dose, spraying twice with an interval of 7 days. The interval to harvest is 7 days. This study offers a critical foundation for the development of pesticide application guidelines and Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) values for SPI and CHL on pears.
{"title":"Residue analysis, dissipation dynamics, and dietary risk assessment of spirodiclofen, chlorfenapyr in pear field environment from different location in China","authors":"Jiangsheng Mao, Wenjun Zhang, Mengmeng Yan, Chao Zhu, Hongxia Du, Hongwei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the residue behavior of spirodiclofen (SPI) and chlorfenapyr (CHL) is crucial for ensuring food safety and safeguarding human health. This study systematically investigated the degradation patterns, residue accumulation, and dietary risk assessment in the pear orchard environment. The experimental results indicate that the average recovery rate of SPI and CHL in pear ranged from 80.9% to 110.6%, with a RSD of 0.2% to 5.3%. The degradation half-lives of SPI and CHL in pears were 6.3 days and 10.3 days, respectively. Following repeated pesticide applications, both compounds exhibited a certain degree of residue accumulation in pears. The results of the dietary risk assessment indicate that the intake of CHL in pears does not pose significant health risks and remains within acceptable limits. However, the dietary exposure levels of SPI suggest a potential chronic dietary intake risk for children. For SPI, it is recommended to apply a single spray at the maximum recommended dose. The interval to harvest is 28 days. For CHL, it is recommended to use it at the maximum recommended dose, spraying twice with an interval of 7 days. The interval to harvest is 7 days. This study offers a critical foundation for the development of pesticide application guidelines and Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) values for SPI and CHL on pears.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116843
Siying Wu , Huaying A , Fuping Li , Yanli Zhang , Xue Men , Hongbin Wang , Wenrong Yang , Pengfei Pang
Nickel ions play an indispensable role in maintaining the balance of entire ecological system, serving as crucial components in different biological, environmental, and chemical processes. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was constructed for detection of nickel ions (Ni2+) that integrates Fe3O4@Au magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au MNPs) with Ni2+-dependent DNAzyme-mediated polymerase strand displacement amplification (PSDA) strategy. The thiol-labeled substrate DNA firstly self-assembled on surface of Fe3O4@Au MNPs via AuS bonding. In the presence of target Ni2+, DNAzyme was activated and cleaved the substrate DNA at a riboadenosine (rA) site, generating two oligonucleotide fragments. The fragment remaining on the Fe3O4@Au MNPs hybridized with its complementary DNA to form a duplex that initiated PSDA reaction with polymerase and dNTPs, producing long double-stranded DNA amplicons. These PSDA products were magnetically captured on a magnetic gold electrode (MGE). The redox-active indicator methylene blue (MB) was intercalated with dsDNA of PSDA product on Fe3O4@Au, yielding an enhanced electrochemical signal. The developed electrochemical Ni2+ biosensor exhibited a wide linear range of 100 aM–10 μM with a low detection limit of 47 aM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, this detection platform can be readily extended to the detection of other metal ions by replacing specific DNAzymes, offering promising applications for the environmental monitoring of heavy metal ions.
镍离子在维持整个生态系统的平衡中起着不可缺少的作用，是各种生物、环境和化学过程的重要组成部分。本文构建了一种用于检测镍离子（Ni2+）的超灵敏电化学生物传感器，该传感器将Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米颗粒（Fe3O4@Au MNPs）与Ni2+依赖的dnazyme介导的聚合酶链位移扩增（PSDA）策略集成在一起。巯基标记的底物DNA首先通过AuS键在Fe3O4@Au MNPs表面自组装。在靶Ni2+的存在下，DNAzyme被激活并在核糖腺苷（rA）位点切割底物DNA，产生两个寡核苷酸片段。保留在Fe3O4@Au MNPs上的片段与其互补DNA杂交形成双链，引发PSDA与聚合酶和dNTPs的反应，产生长双链DNA扩增子。这些PSDA产物在磁性金电极（MGE）上被磁捕获。将氧化还原活性指示剂亚甲基蓝（MB）插入Fe3O4@Au上PSDA产物的dsDNA，产生增强的电化学信号。该电化学Ni2+生物传感器线性范围为100 aM - 10 μM，检出限低至47 aM （S/N = 3）。此外，该检测平台可以通过替代特定的DNAzymes，很容易扩展到其他金属离子的检测，为重金属离子的环境监测提供了很好的应用前景。
{"title":"Development of electrochemical biosensor utilizing Fe3O4@Au and DNAzyme-mediated polymerase strand displacement amplification for the detection of nickel ions","authors":"Siying Wu , Huaying A , Fuping Li , Yanli Zhang , Xue Men , Hongbin Wang , Wenrong Yang , Pengfei Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel ions play an indispensable role in maintaining the balance of entire ecological system, serving as crucial components in different biological, environmental, and chemical processes. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was constructed for detection of nickel ions (Ni<sup>2+</sup>) that integrates Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au magnetic nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au MNPs) with Ni<sup>2+</sup>-dependent DNAzyme-mediated polymerase strand displacement amplification (PSDA) strategy. The thiol-labeled substrate DNA firstly self-assembled on surface of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au MNPs via Au<img>S bonding. In the presence of target Ni<sup>2+</sup>, DNAzyme was activated and cleaved the substrate DNA at a riboadenosine (rA) site, generating two oligonucleotide fragments. The fragment remaining on the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au MNPs hybridized with its complementary DNA to form a duplex that initiated PSDA reaction with polymerase and dNTPs, producing long double-stranded DNA amplicons. These PSDA products were magnetically captured on a magnetic gold electrode (MGE). The redox-active indicator methylene blue (MB) was intercalated with dsDNA of PSDA product on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au, yielding an enhanced electrochemical signal. The developed electrochemical Ni<sup>2+</sup> biosensor exhibited a wide linear range of 100 aM–10 μM with a low detection limit of 47 aM (<em>S/N</em> = 3). Furthermore, this detection platform can be readily extended to the detection of other metal ions by replacing specific DNAzymes, offering promising applications for the environmental monitoring of heavy metal ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116825
Yan Wang , Xujun Zhang , Bo Sui , Shanshan Ma , Jianxun Zhang , Ajuan Yu , Hui Xi , Wuduo Zhao
Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization (VUV-PI), as a soft ionization technique, is characterized by few fragment ions, high sensitivity, and rapid analysis, making it suitable for the complex sample detection. Due to cost-effectiveness, compact structure, and low maintenance requirements, VUV lamps are the primary light source choice for vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (VUV-PI-MS). This article reviews the advancements and applications of VUV-PI-MS, focusing on novel photoionization sources based on VUV lamps. The ionization mechanisms of VUV-PI are first explicated, and the working mechanisms and structures of VUV lamps are then introduced. Key advancements include the development of novel VUV lamps to increase photon flux, the fabrication of innovative optical windows to extend VUV lamps lifetime, the design of ionization region to enhance ion transmission efficiency and the addition of dopants to assist photoionization for an expanded analysis range. The advantages and disadvantages of four different photoionization source technologies are compared. Representative examples of VUV-PI-MS applications are reviewed in life sciences, environmental monitoring, food safety, and public security. Finally, the future development of VUV-PI source in enhancing photon flux and long-term stability are envisioned, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers in the field of mass spectrometry.
真空紫外光电离（VUV-PI）作为一种软电离技术，具有碎片离子少、灵敏度高、分析速度快等特点，适用于复杂样品的检测。由于成本效益，结构紧凑，维护要求低，紫外灯是真空紫外光电离质谱（VUV- pi - ms）的主要光源选择。本文综述了VUV- pi - ms的研究进展及其应用，重点介绍了基于VUV灯的新型光电离源。首先阐述了vv - pi的电离机理，然后介绍了VUV灯的工作机理和结构。关键的进展包括开发新型紫外灯以增加光子通量，制造创新的光学窗口以延长紫外灯的使用寿命，设计电离区域以提高离子传输效率，以及添加掺杂剂以辅助光电离以扩大分析范围。比较了四种不同光离源技术的优缺点。VUV-PI-MS在生命科学、环境监测、食品安全和公共安全方面的应用具有代表性。最后，展望了uv - pi源在增强光子通量和长期稳定性方面的未来发展，旨在为质谱领域的研究人员提供有价值的见解。
{"title":"Vacuum ultraviolet lamp photoionization for mass spectrometry: ionization source innovations and analytical applications","authors":"Yan Wang , Xujun Zhang , Bo Sui , Shanshan Ma , Jianxun Zhang , Ajuan Yu , Hui Xi , Wuduo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization (VUV-PI), as a soft ionization technique, is characterized by few fragment ions, high sensitivity, and rapid analysis, making it suitable for the complex sample detection. Due to cost-effectiveness, compact structure, and low maintenance requirements, VUV lamps are the primary light source choice for vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (VUV-PI-MS). This article reviews the advancements and applications of VUV-PI-MS, focusing on novel photoionization sources based on VUV lamps. The ionization mechanisms of VUV-PI are first explicated, and the working mechanisms and structures of VUV lamps are then introduced. Key advancements include the development of novel VUV lamps to increase photon flux, the fabrication of innovative optical windows to extend VUV lamps lifetime, the design of ionization region to enhance ion transmission efficiency and the addition of dopants to assist photoionization for an expanded analysis range. The advantages and disadvantages of four different photoionization source technologies are compared. Representative examples of VUV-PI-MS applications are reviewed in life sciences, environmental monitoring, food safety, and public security. Finally, the future development of VUV-PI source in enhancing photon flux and long-term stability are envisioned, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers in the field of mass spectrometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116886
Tingting Wu , Xuejing Liu , Zhenyuan Xing , Dawei Fan , Zhen Yu , Huan Wang , Qin Wei
In this work, a sensitive and reliable photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor array integrated on a single electrode was developed for the spatially addressable detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), using Bi2O3/Bi2S3/Ag2S nanodendrites as the substrate electrode material. The Bi2O3/Bi2S3 structure was grown in situ on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to form large-area nanoarrays, whose uniform distribution helps minimize performance variations across different regions and enables light-addressable detection. Furthermore, Ag2S, a narrow-bandgap semiconductor with excellent photoelectric properties, was incorporated into the Bi2O3/Bi2S3 system to enhance the photoelectrochemical response. The resulting Bi2O3/Bi2S3/Ag2S-modified ITO electrode was partitioned into five independent regions using insulating stickers, allowing addressable and continuous detection of multiple samples. Since the entire sensor array was fabricated in a single preparation step, inter-regional variability was significantly reduced, enabling the application of a self-calibration strategy to further improve sensitivity and accuracy. Under optimal conditions, the PEC sensor array detected NSE over a concentration range of 0.01–100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 2.0 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The sensor also exhibited high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, demonstrating its strong potential for real-sample applications.
{"title":"Light-addressable photoelectrochemical Immunosensing of neuron-specific enolase using Bi2O3/Bi2S3/Ag2S Nanodendrites on a single ITO electrode","authors":"Tingting Wu , Xuejing Liu , Zhenyuan Xing , Dawei Fan , Zhen Yu , Huan Wang , Qin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a sensitive and reliable photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor array integrated on a single electrode was developed for the spatially addressable detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), using Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S nanodendrites as the substrate electrode material. The Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> structure was grown in situ on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to form large-area nanoarrays, whose uniform distribution helps minimize performance variations across different regions and enables light-addressable detection. Furthermore, Ag<sub>2</sub>S, a narrow-bandgap semiconductor with excellent photoelectric properties, was incorporated into the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> system to enhance the photoelectrochemical response. The resulting Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S-modified ITO electrode was partitioned into five independent regions using insulating stickers, allowing addressable and continuous detection of multiple samples. Since the entire sensor array was fabricated in a single preparation step, inter-regional variability was significantly reduced, enabling the application of a self-calibration strategy to further improve sensitivity and accuracy. Under optimal conditions, the PEC sensor array detected NSE over a concentration range of 0.01–100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 2.0 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The sensor also exhibited high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, demonstrating its strong potential for real-sample applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.116862
Krishnapriya N.P. , Ansheef Ali , Muhammed Nissar V.A. , Titto Mendez T.S. , Subhag K. Suresh , Anees K.
The genus Garcinia is valued medicinally for its anti-obesity properties due to hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which easily converts to hydroxycitric acid lactone (HCAL) through lactonization. This study introduces the first LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify both compounds with high precision. The validated method demonstrated excellent linearity (r: HCA = 0.9990, HCAL = 0.9993), sensitivity (LOD: HCA = 5 ppb, HCAL = 50 ppb; LOQ = 50 ppb), accuracy (Recovery: HCA = 96.54–100.13%, HCAL = 99.20–101.17%), repeatability (RSD: HCA ≤ 3.78%, HCAL ≤ 2.90%), and intermediate precision (RSD: HCA ≤ 3.02%, HCAL ≤ 2.28%). Since limited data exist on the distribution of HCA and HCAL across pericarp, pulp, seed, and leaf at different developmental stages in the genus Garcinia, different plant parts of five Garcinia species viz. G. indica, G. gummi-gutta, G. celebica, G. kydia and G. xanthochymus were studied for both validation of the developed method and to understand the tissue-specific and temporal distribution. G. indica contained high concentrations of HCA (0.708–6.126%) and HCAL (0.446–2.483%), while G. celebica previously unreported for HCA content showed trace amounts (HCA: 0.001–0.014%, HCAL: 0.001–0.006%). Among plant tissues, leaves contained the highest HCA (5.696%), followed by pericarp (2.362%), pulp (0.922%), and seeds (0.603%). Statistical analysis (P < 0.01) revealed that HCA levels decrease during fruit maturation while HCAL increases, suggesting bioconversion. A moderate negative correlation (r= −0.7) exists between development stage and HCA content, while a strong positive correlation (r > 0.9) was found between HCA and HCAL levels across all plant parts. This novel protocol provides the first comprehensive tissue-specific and temporal distribution analysis of these compounds across Garcinia species.
{"title":"Development of a novel quantitative method for the analysis of hydroxycitric acid and its lactone in different tissues of Garcinia species using LC-MS/MS","authors":"Krishnapriya N.P. , Ansheef Ali , Muhammed Nissar V.A. , Titto Mendez T.S. , Subhag K. Suresh , Anees K.","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.116862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Garcinia</em> is valued medicinally for its anti-obesity properties due to hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which easily converts to hydroxycitric acid lactone (HCAL) through lactonization. This study introduces the first LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify both compounds with high precision. The validated method demonstrated excellent linearity (r: HCA = 0.9990, HCAL = 0.9993), sensitivity (LOD: HCA = 5 ppb, HCAL = 50 ppb; LOQ = 50 ppb), accuracy (Recovery: HCA = 96.54–100.13%, HCAL = 99.20–101.17%), repeatability (RSD: HCA ≤ 3.78%, HCAL ≤ 2.90%), and intermediate precision (RSD: HCA ≤ 3.02%, HCAL ≤ 2.28%). Since limited data exist on the distribution of HCA and HCAL across pericarp, pulp, seed, and leaf at different developmental stages in the genus <em>Garcinia</em>, different plant parts of five <em>Garcinia</em> species viz. <em>G. indica</em>, <em>G. gummi-gutta</em>, <em>G. celebica</em>, <em>G. kydia</em> and <em>G. xanthochymus</em> were studied for both validation of the developed method and to understand the tissue-specific and temporal distribution. <em>G. indica</em> contained high concentrations of HCA (0.708–6.126%) and HCAL (0.446–2.483%), while <em>G. celebica</em> previously unreported for HCA content showed trace amounts (HCA: 0.001–0.014%, HCAL: 0.001–0.006%). Among plant tissues, leaves contained the highest HCA (5.696%), followed by pericarp (2.362%), pulp (0.922%), and seeds (0.603%). Statistical analysis (<em>P</em> < 0.01) revealed that HCA levels decrease during fruit maturation while HCAL increases, suggesting bioconversion. A moderate negative correlation (<em>r</em>= −0.7) exists between development stage and HCA content, while a strong positive correlation (<em>r</em> > 0.9) was found between HCA and HCAL levels across all plant parts. This novel protocol provides the first comprehensive tissue-specific and temporal distribution analysis of these compounds across <em>Garcinia</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 116862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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