IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129644

M.T. Expósito , V. Souza-Egipsy , B. Paredes , J. Ramos , J.F. Vega

The increasing demand for recyclable multilayer polymer packaging requires a deeper understanding of the interactions between barrier and tie-layer materials to enable circular design strategies. In this study, the compatibility between polyethylene–co–vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer and typical tie-layer copolymers—polyethylene–co–ethyl acrylate, polyethylene–co–vinyl acetate, and a polyethylene–co–methacrylic acid ionomer partially neutralized with sodium—was investigated. EVOH crystalline nanoaggregates were prepared and embedded in the different matrices to evaluate physical and thermal interactions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed a pronounced melting temperature depression of EVOH crystals when blended with functionalized matrices, particularly with the ionomer, indicating strong intermolecular interactions. In contrast, non-interacting systems retained their original melting behaviour, confirming the absence of chemical affinity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy further corroborated these findings, showing hydrogen-bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups of EVOH and the carbonyl or carboxylate groups of the functionalized tie layers. The combination of the results obtained from the different techniques provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing compatibility, offering valuable insights for the eco-design and recyclability enhancement of polyolefin-based multilayer packaging materials.

对可回收多层聚合物包装的需求不断增加，需要对屏障和tie层材料之间的相互作用有更深入的了解，以实现循环设计策略。本研究考察了聚乙烯-共乙烯醇（EVOH）共聚物与典型的系层共聚物（聚乙烯-共丙烯酸乙酯、聚乙烯-共醋酸乙烯酯、部分中和的聚乙烯-共甲基丙烯酸离聚体）的相容性。制备了EVOH晶体纳米聚集体，并将其嵌入不同的基质中，以评估其物理和热相互作用。差示扫描量热法显示，当EVOH晶体与功能化基质混合时，熔化温度明显降低，特别是与离聚体混合，表明分子间相互作用强。相比之下，非相互作用系统保留了其原始的熔化行为，证实了化学亲和力的缺失。傅里叶变换红外光谱进一步证实了这些发现，显示了EVOH的羟基与官能化领带层的羰基或羧酸基之间的氢键相互作用。从不同技术中获得的结果的结合提供了对控制相容性的分子机制的全面理解，为聚烯烃基多层包装材料的生态设计和可回收性增强提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Green engineering of water-insoluble PVA/PAA nanofiber respiratory membranes for efficient particulate matter filtration with low pressure drop 水不溶性PVA/PAA纳米纤维呼吸膜的绿色工程，高效低压降颗粒物过滤

IF 4.6 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129634

Ashraful Islam, Sudip Kumar Lahiri, Md.Akil Akhter, Muhammad Imran, Dong Mengmeng, Yanbo Liu

Air pollution is a major concern due to rising particulate matter (PM) levels, requiring efficient filtration technologies for respiratory protection, and integrating eco-friendly fabrication methods further enhances environmental sustainability. We report water-insoluble nanofibrous membranes that combine high filtration efficiency (FE) with a low pressure drop (ΔP) for use in such masks. Using 18% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) solutions in water, we electrospun four types of nanofiber membranes under optimised conditions (25 kV, 20 cm, 25 °C, 50% RH). These included a pure PVA membrane and three PVA/PAA (60/40 wt.%) composite membranes containing PAA of 3 kDa (NFM-1), 50 kDa (NFM-2), and both 3 kDa and 50 kDa (NFM-3). To induce crosslinking, all membranes were heat-treated at 100–160 °C for 25 min. Filtration tests showed that NFM-2 heat-treated at 140 °C achieved ∼99% FE for particles ≥0.5 μm, with a ΔP of only 48 ± 1 Pa. Scanning electron microscopy revealed smooth fibres with an average diameter of ∼192 nm and 59% porosity for NFM-2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ester linkages (–C=O–O–R) at ≥120 °C between PVA and PAA, indicating successful thermal crosslinking and improved stability. After crosslinking, NFM-2 also exhibited a water contact angle (θ) of ∼90° and retained 100% of its weight after immersion in 70 °C water, demonstrating complete water insolubility. The nanofiber membranes were further integrated with polypropylene (PP) spunbond and meltblown nonwovens in multilayer assemblies (up to four layers) to evaluate composite filter performance. This water-based, organic-solvent-free electrospinning process offers a green approach to producing high-performance respiratory filters.

由于颗粒物（PM）水平的上升，空气污染是一个主要问题，需要有效的过滤技术来保护呼吸，而整合环保的制造方法进一步提高了环境的可持续性。我们报道了一种结合了高过滤效率（FE）和低压降（ΔP）的水不溶性纳米纤维膜，用于这种口罩。我们使用18% （w/v）的聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚丙烯酸（PAA）水溶液，在优化条件（25 kV, 20 cm, 25°C, 50% RH）下静电纺丝四种类型的纳米纤维膜。其中包括纯PVA膜和三种PVA/PAA （60/40 wt.%）复合膜，其中PAA为3 kDa (NFM-1), 50 kDa (NFM-2)，以及3 kDa和50 kDa （NFM-3）。为了诱导交联，所有膜在100-160°C下热处理25分钟。过滤试验表明，对于≥0.5 μm的颗粒，经过140℃热处理的NFM-2在ΔP仅为48±1 Pa时获得了~ 99%的FE。扫描电子显微镜显示光滑的纤维，平均直径为~ 192 nm， NFM-2的孔隙率为59%。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实PVA和PAA在≥120℃时形成酯键（-C = O-O-R），表明热交联成功，稳定性提高。交联后，NFM-2的水接触角（θ）为~ 90°，在70℃水中浸泡后仍能保持100%的重量，表现出完全的水不溶性。纳米纤维膜进一步与聚丙烯（PP）纺粘和熔喷非织造布在多层组件（多达四层）中集成，以评估复合过滤性能。这种水基、无有机溶剂的静电纺丝工艺为生产高性能呼吸过滤器提供了一种绿色方法。

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引用次数: 0

A highly resilient and large-strain wearable hydrogel sensor based on acrylamide/gelatin/Zr4+ and its application in human motion monitoring and information transmission 基于丙烯酰胺/明胶/Zr4+的高弹性大应变可穿戴水凝胶传感器及其在人体运动监测和信息传输中的应用

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129635

Yixue Zhang , Mingxuan Liang , Zhiyan Yan , Shuo Zhang

The application potential of flexible electronic technologies across diverse interdisciplinary domains has become increasingly evident. Owing to their unique combination of flexibility, biocompatibility, and skin-mimetic mechanical properties, hydrogels have emerged as a central material for wearable flexible sensors. Nevertheless, conventional hydrogel-based sensors often suffer from inadequate mechanical performance under high stress and large strain conditions, along with limited toughness. Gelatin, a natural protein, possesses a molecular structure abundant in hydroxyl and amino functional groups, enabling the formation of a highly extensible, hydrogen-bonded flexible network and exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. In this study, a thermally induced free-radical polymerization approach was employed to construct a covalently cross-linked rigid framework using polyacrylamide (PAM), while incorporating gelatin to establish a hydrogen-bond-reinforced flexible network. Concurrently, Zr⁴⁺were introduced to coordinate with anionic functional groups on both gelatin and PAM chains, resulting in the fabrication of a polyacrylamide/gelatin/zirconium ion composite hydrogel sensor (PMG_xZ_y). The PMG_xZ_y hydrogel sensor demonstrates exceptional toughness, rapid response dynamics, high sensitivity, and a broad sensing range. It achieves a strain of up to 924 % under a stress of 0.26 MPa, with a fracture energy of 1.12 MJ m⁻³. The sensor not only enables real-time monitoring of large-amplitude human motions but also facilitates sound recognition, handwritten pattern detection, and information transmission via integration with Morse code encoding. This work effectively overcomes the mechanical limitations of traditional hydrogel sensors, offering a promising new material platform for wearable sensing applications in fields such as outdoor sports monitoring and rehabilitation training.

柔性电子技术在多学科交叉领域的应用潜力日益显现。由于其独特的柔韧性、生物相容性和模拟皮肤的机械性能，水凝胶已成为可穿戴柔性传感器的核心材料。然而，传统的水凝胶传感器在高应力和大应变条件下的机械性能往往不足，而且韧性有限。明胶是一种天然蛋白质，具有丰富的羟基和氨基官能团的分子结构，能够形成高度可扩展的氢键柔性网络，具有良好的生物相容性。本研究采用热诱导自由基聚合的方法，用聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）构建了共价交联的刚性骨架，同时用明胶构建了氢键增强的柔性网络。同时，引入Zr4+与明胶和PAM链上的阴离子官能团配位，制备了聚丙烯酰胺/明胶/锆离子复合水凝胶传感器（PMGxZy）。PMGxZy水凝胶传感器具有优异的韧性，快速响应动态，高灵敏度和宽传感范围。应力为0.26 MPa，断裂能为1.12 MJ m−3，应变可达924%。该传感器不仅可以实时监测人体的大振幅运动，还可以通过与莫尔斯电码编码的集成，促进声音识别、手写模式检测和信息传输。这项工作有效地克服了传统水凝胶传感器的机械局限性，为户外运动监测、康复训练等领域的可穿戴传感应用提供了一个有前景的新材料平台。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring bulk acrylate-methacrylate photopolymerization reaction kinetics using in situ NMR 利用原位核磁共振监测丙烯酸酯-甲基丙烯酸酯光聚合反应动力学

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129645

Luis L. Jessen , Naomi Elmer , George Crull , Kameron R. Hansen , C. Allan Guymon

Herein, we use an in situ NMR technique to monitor both solvated and solvent-free photopolymerization reactions benefitting from the rich chemical information and high spectral resolution inherent to NMR. By placing an LED-coupled fiber optic and locking solvent within a concentric capillary situated inside the NMR tube, the photoreaction remains isolated from the solvent, allowing for the monitoring of bulk polymerizations. To optimize acquisition parameters, the relationship between nuclear relaxation and resin viscosity was investigated as a function of monomer conversion. The utility of this technique was explored by monitoring monomer conversion in photocurable hexyl acrylate, revealing remarkable reproducibility and agreement with kinetic theory. Additionally, double bond conversion in a photopolymer hydrogel was measured to illustrate the effect of monomer loading on reaction rate. Lastly, the high resolution of in situ NMR was employed to independently monitor the disappearance of acrylate and methacrylate double bonds in copolymerization reactions, directly demonstrating the preferential consumption of methacrylate over acrylate reactive groups.

在这里，我们使用一种原位核磁共振技术来监测溶剂化和无溶剂光聚合反应，这得益于核磁共振丰富的化学信息和高光谱分辨率。通过将led耦合光纤和锁定溶剂放置在核磁共振管内的同心毛细管中，光反应与溶剂保持隔离，从而可以监测大量聚合。为了优化获取参数，研究了核弛豫与树脂粘度之间的关系，并将其作为单体转化率的函数。通过监测光固化丙烯酸己酯中的单体转化，探索了该技术的实用性，揭示了显著的再现性和与动力学理论的一致性。此外，测量了光聚合物水凝胶中的双键转化，以说明单体负载对反应速率的影响。最后，采用高分辨率的原位核磁共振独立监测共聚反应中丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯双键的消失，直接证明了甲基丙烯酸酯比丙烯酸酯活性基团更优先消耗。

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引用次数: 0

Pressure-induced crystallization and polymorphic transitions of polybutene-1: High-pressure PVT study 压力诱导的聚丁烯-1结晶和多态转变：高压PVT研究

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129632

F. Olla, F. Briatico Vangosa

Isotactic poly(1-butene) exhibits pressure-sensitive polymorphism, yet quantitative, phase-resolved volumetric evidence across processing-relevant pressures remains limited. High-pressure PVT dilatometry was employed to monitor specific-volume changes during controlled melt crystallization and remelting between 10 and 200 MPa at a fixed cooling rate. The resulting dilatometric fingerprints enable phase attribution after crystallization under each pressure condition. At low pressures (

\leq

60 MPa) crystallization proceeds predominantly to form II; in an intermediate window (approximately 75–100 MPa) hydrostatic pressure markedly accelerates the solid–solid II

\to

I transformation during or shortly after crystallization, yielding form-I–dominated structures. At higher pressures (

≳

110 MPa) signatures of form I

^{'}

emerge and intensify, and beyond

\sim

175 MPa the melting response is consistent with predominantly form I

^{'}

. Across the series, specific volume of the solid phase follows the expected order (

V_{I} ≲ V_{I^{'}} < V_{II}

), providing a consistent volumetric basis for phase assignment. Phase-resolved

V (T, P)

maps for the melt and for forms I, II, and I

^{'}

are assembled from these data, offering practical inputs for shrinkage prediction and process design. The findings delineate pressure protocols that suppress persistence of metastable form II and enable direct access to targeted polymorphs, mitigating delayed post-crystallization dimensional change in polybutene components.

等规聚（1-丁烯）表现出压力敏感的多态性，但在处理相关压力下，定量的、相分辨的体积证据仍然有限。采用高压PVT膨胀法监测在10 ~ 200 MPa范围内固定冷却速率下控制熔体结晶和重熔过程中的比体积变化。所得的膨胀指纹图谱能够在每种压力条件下进行结晶后的相归属。在低压（≤≤60 MPa）下，结晶主要形成II型；在中间窗口（约75 ~ 100 MPa），静水压力显著加速了结晶过程中或结晶后的固态-固态II→→I转变，生成I型主导结构。在较高的压力下（≥110 MPa）， I型的特征出现并增强，在~ ~ 175 MPa以上的熔融响应主要与I型一致。在整个系列中，固相比容遵循预期的顺序（VI > VI ' <VIIVI > VI ' <；VII），为相分配提供了一致的体积依据。根据这些数据组装了熔体和形式I、II和I的相分辨V（T，P）图，为收缩预测和工艺设计提供了实用的输入。研究结果描述了抑制亚稳态II型持久性的压力方案，并使直接接触目标多晶型成为可能，减轻了聚丁烯成分结晶后尺寸的延迟变化。

{"title":"Pressure-induced crystallization and polymorphic transitions of polybutene-1: High-pressure PVT study","authors":"F. Olla, F. Briatico Vangosa","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isotactic poly(1-butene) exhibits pressure-sensitive polymorphism, yet quantitative, phase-resolved volumetric evidence across processing-relevant pressures remains limited. High-pressure PVT dilatometry was employed to monitor specific-volume changes during controlled melt crystallization and remelting between 10 and 200 MPa at a fixed cooling rate. The resulting dilatometric fingerprints enable phase attribution after crystallization under each pressure condition. At low pressures (<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>60 MPa) crystallization proceeds predominantly to form II; in an intermediate window (approximately 75–100 MPa) hydrostatic pressure markedly accelerates the solid–solid II<span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span>I transformation during or shortly after crystallization, yielding form-I–dominated structures. At higher pressures (<span><math><mo>≳</mo></math></span>110 MPa) signatures of form I<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> emerge and intensify, and beyond <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>175 MPa the melting response is consistent with predominantly form I<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>. Across the series, specific volume of the solid phase follows the expected order (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≲</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo><</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>II</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), providing a consistent volumetric basis for phase assignment. Phase-resolved <span><math><mrow><mi>V</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> maps for the melt and for forms I, II, and I<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> are assembled from these data, offering practical inputs for shrinkage prediction and process design. The findings delineate pressure protocols that suppress persistence of metastable form II and enable direct access to targeted polymorphs, mitigating delayed post-crystallization dimensional change in polybutene components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 129632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of different chemical side groups on fracture of entangled polymer melts in extensional flow 不同化学侧基对拉伸流动中缠绕聚合物熔体断裂的影响

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129646

Hui Shen, Ruye Cheng, Yinrui Wang, Qian Huang

Previous study on entangled polystyrene solutions has found that elastic fracture in extensional flow is primarily related to the number of Kuhn segments per entangled strand (N_e), rather than the number of entanglements per chain (Z). In this work, we investigate whether this finding holds for polymer melts with different chemical structures (which also result in different N_e). Four polymer melts have been investigated, including poly (n-butyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(4-vinyl biphenyl), and poly(4-methyl styrene). The former two contain alkyl side groups with different lengths, while the latter two contain aromatic side groups which are more rigid than the alkyl side groups. Using a filament stretching rheometer, the critical stress and critical strain at fracture under different stretch rates were obtained. We found that when the stretch rate is fast enough, both critical stress and strain approach a constant value which is related to N_e. Combining extensional measurements with high-speed imaging, the transition from steady flow to fracture has been identified. The critical Rouse-time based Weissenberg number, Wi_R,c, at this transition seems affected by the specific chemical structures of the side groups.

先前对纠缠聚苯乙烯溶液的研究发现，拉伸流中的弹性断裂主要与每条纠缠链的库恩段数（Ne）有关，而不是与每条链的纠缠数(Z)有关。在这项工作中，我们研究了这一发现是否适用于具有不同化学结构的聚合物熔体（这也导致不同的Ne）。研究了四种聚合物熔体，包括聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚4-乙烯基联苯和聚4-甲基苯乙烯。前两者含有长度不同的烷基侧基，后两者含有比烷基侧基更刚性的芳香侧基。利用长丝拉伸流变仪，得到了不同拉伸速率下的临界应力和断裂临界应变。我们发现，当拉伸速率足够快时，临界应力和应变都接近于与Ne有关的恒定值。将拉伸测量与高速成像相结合，确定了从稳定流动到裂缝的转变。在这一过渡阶段，基于rose -time的临界Weissenberg数（WiR,c）似乎受到了侧基特定化学结构的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Improved properties of biodegradable poly(ethylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PEAT)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite films via chemical crosslinking: Enhanced mechanical properties, water-oxygen barrier performance, and compatibility 通过化学交联改善可生物降解聚己二甲酸乙酯(PEAT)/热塑性淀粉（TPS）复合薄膜的性能：增强机械性能、水-氧阻隔性能和相容性

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129614

Long Chen , Hongli Jin , Jiakang Zhang , Xinjie Zhang , Zhen He , Tao Fu , Yuhui Zhang , Yanchun Zheng , Meidong Lang

In order to address the poor compatibility between thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polyester during the blending process, this study employed the melt blending method to prepare poly (ethylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PEAT)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite films. A series of composite films were evaluated for mechanical properties, micromorphology, thermal behavior, water absorption, and water vapor and oxygen barrier, systematic study was conducted on the effect of the amount of reactive chain extender poly((phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde) (PAPI) addition for the performance of PEAT/TPS/PAPI composite films. The results indicate that PAPI, as the reactive compatibilizer, effectively improves the interfacial adhesion of PEAT/TPS blends. The research findings indicate that PAPI enhances the compatibility between PEAT and TPS by forming urethane bonds. The incorporation of PAPI significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the composite film, with tensile strength and tensile modulus increasing by 62 % and 88 % respectively, and toughness increasing by 48 %. Moreover, the incorporation of PAPI has enhanced the water vapor barrier properties of the composite film by 44 %, and improved its oxygen barrier properties by 26 %. The results obtained in this study provide a reference for the manufacture of PEAT/TPS composites, which will facilitate the practical application of PEAT/TPS composite films in the packaging film.

为了解决热塑性淀粉（TPS）与聚酯在共混过程中相容性较差的问题，本研究采用熔融共混法制备了聚己二甲酸乙酯(PEAT)/热塑性淀粉（TPS）复合薄膜。对一系列复合膜的力学性能、微观形貌、热行为、吸水性、水汽阻氧性能进行了评价，系统研究了反应性扩链剂聚异氰酸苯甲醛（PAPI）的添加量对PEAT/TPS/PAPI复合膜性能的影响。结果表明，PAPI作为活性增容剂，能有效提高PEAT/TPS共混物的界面附着力。研究结果表明，PAPI通过形成聚氨酯键增强了PEAT与TPS之间的相容性。PAPI的加入显著提高了复合膜的力学性能，拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高62%和88%，韧性提高48%。此外，PAPI的加入使复合膜的水蒸气阻隔性能提高了44%，氧阻隔性能提高了26%。本研究结果为PEAT/TPS复合材料的制备提供了参考，有利于PEAT/TPS复合薄膜在包装膜中的实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

Tetraethyl orthosilicate-assisted rapid fabrication of thin membranes from recycled polyethylene terephthalate waste 正硅酸四乙酯辅助快速制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯回收废物薄膜

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129615

Bingying Gao , Pan Xu , Jiafeng Qin , Mengjie Chen , Yujun Wang , Ruzheng Wu , Xiaoyi Su , Yusa Liu , Linqiang Mao

The high-value recycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) is essential not only for interrupting its “pollution cycle” but also for transforming this waste into a resource that supports green technology and a circular economy. Herein, we report the first scalable strategy for the conversion of rPET into functional membranes via a low-temperature ethanol process, thereby establishing a novel pathway for plastic upcycling. The method integrates tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis-condensation with rPET alcoholysis to form a sol-gel network, leading to rapid membrane formation in ethanol. The membrane-forming process is straightforward, does not require catalysts or high temperatures, and can be completed in a relatively short time (about 2.5 h). The reaction results in a hybrid polymer comprising a rigid Si–O–Si inorganic network and flexible rPET organic segments, interconnected through strong interfacial Si–O–C chemical bonds. The sol-gel process produces a continuous, dense, and defect-free, three-dimensional cross-linked network, which is well-suited for coating and membrane formation and imparts excellent mechanical properties. The long-term water-exposure test demonstrated that the prepared membrane possesses outstanding water impermeability and an extremely low water absorption rate. The addition of a small amount of montmorillonite (Mt) increased the solid-liquid interface, facilitating mass transfer and enhancing the mechanical strength of the membrane. Activation energy (E_a) calculations reveal that Mt catalyzes the reaction by providing a lower-energy reaction pathway. This TEOS-mediated approach enables the high-yield upcycling of rPET into membranes under mild conditions, offering an economical and scalable waste-to-product solution.

高价值回收废旧聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（rPET）不仅对中断其“污染循环”至关重要，而且对将这种废物转化为支持绿色技术和循环经济的资源至关重要。在此，我们报告了通过低温乙醇工艺将rPET转化为功能膜的第一个可扩展策略，从而建立了塑料升级回收的新途径。该方法将正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）水解-缩合与rPET醇解相结合，形成溶胶-凝胶网络，从而在乙醇中快速形成膜。膜形成过程简单，不需要催化剂或高温，可以在相对较短的时间内（约2.5 h）完成。该反应生成了由刚性Si-O-Si无机网络和柔性rPET有机段组成的杂化聚合物，它们通过强界面Si-O-C化学键相互连接。溶胶-凝胶工艺产生连续、致密、无缺陷的三维交联网络，非常适合涂层和膜的形成，并赋予优异的机械性能。长期水暴露试验表明，所制备的膜具有良好的不透水性和极低的吸水率。少量蒙脱土（Mt）的加入增加了固液界面，有利于传质，提高了膜的机械强度。活化能（Ea）计算表明，Mt通过提供低能反应途径催化反应。这种teos介导的方法可以在温和的条件下将rPET高产量升级为膜，提供了一种经济且可扩展的废物转化为产品的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal autohesion of support polyamide powder during laser powder bed fusion: mechanism and suppressing strategy 载体聚酰胺粉末在激光熔床过程中的热自粘：机理与抑制策略

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129643

Yi Luo , Yang Wei , Jiaming Qu , Minzhe Peng , Guangxian Li , Yajiang Huang

The thermal autohesion of support polymer powders is an undesirable phenomenon frequently encountered in laser-based polymer powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/P) additive manufacturing. This study investigated the autohesion behavior of a precipitated bio-based polyamide 1012 (PA1012) powder using thermal annealing and chain-end capping experiments. The mechanism underlying the thermal autohesion of PA1012 was attributed to post-condensation reactions and chain diffusion at contact points between adjacent particles. Dry particle coating with SiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) effectively isolated PA1012 particles, thereby mitigating thermal autohesion and improving powder flowability. Coating PA1012 powder with SiO₂ NPs enabled the fabrication of parts with fewer defects and enhanced mechanical properties, while also mitigating the mechanical deterioration of parts caused by powder reuse. This work deepens the understanding of polyamide powder behavior in PBF-LB/P and underscores the multiple benefits of dry particle coating for improving the processability and sustainability of polyamide powders.

支撑聚合物粉末的热自粘是激光聚合物粉末床熔融（PBF-LB/P）增材制造中经常遇到的不良现象。采用热退火和链端封盖实验研究了沉淀型生物基聚酰胺1012 （PA1012）粉末的自粘行为。PA1012的热自粘机制是由缩合后反应和相邻颗粒接触点的链式扩散引起的。采用SiO2纳米颗粒（NPs）的干燥颗粒涂层可有效隔离PA1012颗粒，从而减轻热自粘，提高粉末流动性。在PA1012粉末上涂覆SiO2纳米颗粒，可以减少零件的缺陷，提高零件的力学性能，同时也可以减轻粉末重复使用造成的零件的力学劣化。这项工作加深了对聚酰胺粉末在PBF-LB/P中的行为的理解，并强调了干颗粒涂层对提高聚酰胺粉末的可加工性和可持续性的多重好处。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-functional ionic liquid-modified PBAT-based biodegradable spherical adsorbent for high-efficiency treatment of dye wastewater 双功能离子液体改性pbat基可生物降解球形吸附剂高效处理染料废水

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129629

Ying Xue , Yang Yu , Yue Wu , Xiaonan Hao , Qing Liu , Shulin Sun

This study successfully prepared a porous spherical PBAT-g-IL/MMT composite adsorbent (PIMMT) for treating toxic, refractory dye wastewater through a one-step melt blending process combined with non-solvent-induced phase separation. Ionic liquids perform a dual function in this process. ILs enhance PBAT hydrophilicity through radical grafting and form intercalation structures with MMT via ion exchange, providing rapid transport pathways for pollutant molecules. This research aims to develop a biodegradable adsorbent material that combines highly efficient adsorption performance, good hydrophilicity and structural tunability. The effects of initial dye concentration, pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the best sample PIMMT8 demonstrated high removal efficiency for cationic dyes methylene blue (MeB) and auramine O (AO), achieving maximum adsorption capacities (Q_max) of 145.85 mg g⁻¹ and 191.07 mg g⁻¹ respectively. Adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.99), while isotherm data better aligned with the Freundlich model (R² > 0.99), indicating multi-layer adsorption. The adsorbent demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining removal efficiencies above 85 % for both MeB and AO after six adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the study innovatively employed a combined alcohol-alkali hydrolysis process to achieve resource recovery of the adsorbent, successfully recovering monomers such as terephthalic acid and adipic acid. This research not only fills a gap in the study of PBAT/MMT composites for dye adsorption but also provides novel insights for designing wastewater treatment materials that combine high adsorption efficiency, environmental friendliness, and resource recycling properties.

本研究成功制备了多孔球形PBAT-g-IL/MMT复合吸附剂（PIMMT），通过一步熔融共混结合非溶剂诱导相分离工艺处理有毒难降解染料废水。离子液体在这一过程中起着双重作用。ILs通过自由基接枝增强PBAT亲水性，并通过离子交换与MMT形成插层结构，为污染物分子提供快速转运途径。本研究旨在开发一种集高效吸附性能、良好亲水性和结构可调性于一体的生物可降解吸附材料。系统考察了初始染料浓度、pH、温度、接触时间、吸附剂用量等因素的影响。在最优条件下，最佳样品PIMMT8对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MeB）和金胺O （AO）具有较高的去除效率，最大吸附量（Qmax）分别为145.85 mg·g-1和191.07 mg·g-1。吸附动力学符合拟二阶模型（R2 > 0.99），等温线数据更符合Freundlich模型（R2 > 0.99），表明吸附为多层吸附。该吸附剂具有良好的可重复使用性，在六次吸附-解吸循环后，对MeB和AO的去除率均保持在96%以上。此外，本研究创新性地采用醇碱联合水解工艺实现吸附剂的资源化回收，成功回收了对苯二甲酸和己二酸等单体。该研究不仅填补了PBAT/MMT复合材料染料吸附研究的空白，而且为设计高吸附效率、环保和资源循环利用的废水处理材料提供了新的见解。

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