Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22503/inftars.xxi.2021.2.3
Attila Gyulai, Anna Ujlaki
This article adopts a political theoretical perspective to address the problem of AI regulation. By disregarding the political problem of enforceability, it is argued that the applied ethics approach dominant in the discussions on AI regulation is incomplete. Applying realist political theory, the article demonstrates how prescriptive accounts of the development, use, and functioning of AI are necessarily political. First, the political nature of the problem is investigated by focusing on the use of AI in politics on the one hand and the political nature of the AI regulation problem on the other. Second, the article claims that by revisiting some of the oldest political and theoretical questions, the discourse on guidelines and regulation can be enriched through the adoption of AGI and superintelligence as tools for political theoretical inquiry.
{"title":"The political AI","authors":"Attila Gyulai, Anna Ujlaki","doi":"10.22503/inftars.xxi.2021.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/inftars.xxi.2021.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article adopts a political theoretical perspective to address the problem of AI regulation. By disregarding the political problem of enforceability, it is argued that the applied ethics approach dominant in the discussions on AI regulation is incomplete. Applying realist political theory, the article demonstrates how prescriptive accounts of the development, use, and functioning of AI are necessarily political. First, the political nature of the problem is investigated by focusing on the use of AI in politics on the one hand and the political nature of the AI regulation problem on the other. Second, the article claims that by revisiting some of the oldest political and theoretical questions, the discourse on guidelines and regulation can be enriched\u0000through the adoption of AGI and superintelligence as tools for political theoretical inquiry.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46638863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.5
Mihály Héder
This paper investigates the current wave of Artificial Intelligence Ethics GUidelines (AIGUs). The goal is not to provide a broad survey of the details of such efforts; instead, the reasons for the proliferation of such guidelines is investigated. Two main research questions are pursued. First, what is the justification for the proliferation of AIGUs, and what are the reasonable goals and limitations of such projects? Second, what are the specific concerns of AI that are so unique that general technology regulation cannot cover them? The paper reveals that the development of AI guidelines is part of a decades-long trend of an ever-increasing express need for stronger social control of technology, and that many of the concerns of the AIGUs are not specific to the technology itself, but are rather about transparency and human oversight. Nevertheless, the positive potential of the situation is that the intense world-wide focus on AIGUs will yield such profound guidelines that the regulation of other technologies may want to follow suite.
{"title":"A criticism of AI ethics guidelines","authors":"Mihály Héder","doi":"10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the current wave of Artificial Intelligence Ethics GUidelines (AIGUs). The goal is not to provide a broad survey of the details of such efforts; instead, the reasons for the proliferation of such guidelines is investigated. Two main research questions are pursued. First, what is the justification for the proliferation of AIGUs, and what are the reasonable goals and limitations of such projects? Second, what are the specific concerns of AI that are so unique that general technology regulation cannot cover them? The paper reveals that the development of AI guidelines is part of a decades-long trend of an ever-increasing express need for stronger social control of technology, and that many of the concerns of the AIGUs are not specific to the technology itself, but are rather about transparency and human oversight. Nevertheless, the positive potential of the situation is that the intense world-wide focus on AIGUs will yield such profound guidelines that the regulation of other technologies may want to follow suite.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.6
Agostino Cera
This paper aims to sketch a critical historicisation of the empirical turn in the philosophy of technology. After presenting Achterhuis’s definition of the empirical turn, I show how its final outcome is an ontophobic turn, i.e. a rejection of Heidegger’s legacy. Such a rejection culminates in the Mr Wolfe Syndrome, the metamorphosis of the philosophy of technology into a positive science which, in turn, depends on an engineerisation/problematisation of reality, i.e. the eclipse of the difference between ‘problem’ and ‘question’. My objection is that if Technology as such becomes nothing, then the paradoxical accomplishment of the empirical turn is the self-suppression of the philosophy of technology. As a countermovement, I propose an ontophilic turn, i.e. the establishment of a philosophy of technology in the nominative case whose first step consists in a Heidegger renaissance.
{"title":"Beyond the Empirical Turn: Elements for an Ontology of Engineering","authors":"Agostino Cera","doi":"10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to sketch a critical historicisation of the empirical turn in the philosophy of technology. After presenting Achterhuis’s definition of the empirical turn, I show how its final outcome is an ontophobic turn, i.e. a rejection of Heidegger’s legacy. Such a rejection culminates in the Mr Wolfe Syndrome, the metamorphosis of the philosophy of technology into a positive science which, in turn, depends on an engineerisation/problematisation of reality, i.e. the eclipse of the difference between ‘problem’ and ‘question’. My objection is that if Technology as such becomes nothing, then the paradoxical accomplishment of the empirical turn is the self-suppression of the philosophy of technology. As a countermovement, I propose an ontophilic turn, i.e. the establishment of a philosophy of technology in the nominative case whose first step consists in a Heidegger renaissance.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.3
Daniel Pakši
The concept of a living being as a kind of living machine is widespread and well-known. If it is only a metaphor, it does not mean much; however, if other- wise, there is a severe conceptual problem since the living part of the concept always indicates the notorious notion of vitalism. The question is how can living machines be really different from lifeless machines without the concept of vitalism? According to Samuel Alexander, the problem arises from the traditional usage of the concept of mechanical which is confused both with the concept of something is determinated and with the concept of material; furthermore, the latter concept is defined against the Cartesian concept of mind and not on its own. Alexander’s point is that the difference between lifeless machines and living beings lies not in a vital substance or a non-mechanical principle but in an emergent mechanical quality called life which simple machines lack.
{"title":"The problem of the concept of the living machine according to Samuel Alexander’s emergentism","authors":"Daniel Pakši","doi":"10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a living being as a kind of living machine is widespread and well-known. If it is only a metaphor, it does not mean much; however, if other- wise, there is a severe conceptual problem since the living part of the concept always indicates the notorious notion of vitalism. The question is how can living machines be really different from lifeless machines without the concept of vitalism? According to Samuel Alexander, the problem arises from the traditional usage of the concept of mechanical which is confused both with the concept of something is determinated and with the concept of material; furthermore, the latter concept is defined against the Cartesian concept of mind and not on its own. Alexander’s point is that the difference between lifeless machines and living beings lies not in a vital substance or a non-mechanical principle but in an emergent mechanical quality called life which simple machines lack.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.1
Zsolt Ziegler
Newcomb dilemmas show a discrepancy in our rational reasoning, as made clear by comparing Evidential Decision Theory with Causal Decision Theory. In this paper, I look at three versions of the dilemma: the original, highly technical and abstract one plus two more mundane cases. I also account for the general schema of the dilemma possibly appearing in macroeconomic situations. Ahmed (2014) aims to provide a solution for macroeconomic cases that opens room for forming a development management Newcomb dilemma – an imaginary case of electric motor competition between Toyota and Tesla. I argue that Ahmed’s solution may solve the macroeconomic Newcomb dilemma, but it cannot be applied to the development management dilemma. If I am right, similar Newcomb situations could be cropping up regularly in development management, leading to seemingly insoluble strategic decisions having to be made. This may create an inevitable pitfall for development management.
{"title":"Newcomb dilemma in development management","authors":"Zsolt Ziegler","doi":"10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Newcomb dilemmas show a discrepancy in our rational reasoning, as made clear by comparing Evidential Decision Theory with Causal Decision Theory. In this paper, I look at three versions of the dilemma: the original, highly technical and abstract one plus two more mundane cases. I also account for the general schema of the dilemma possibly appearing in macroeconomic situations. Ahmed (2014) aims to provide a solution for macroeconomic cases that opens room for forming a development management Newcomb dilemma – an imaginary case of electric motor competition between Toyota and Tesla. I argue that Ahmed’s solution may solve the macroeconomic Newcomb dilemma, but it cannot be applied to the development management dilemma. If I am right, similar Newcomb situations could be cropping up regularly in development management, leading to seemingly insoluble strategic decisions having to be made. This may create an inevitable pitfall for development management.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.2
Auli Viidalepp
Recent science fiction has brought anthropomorphic robots from an imaginary far-future to contemporary spacetime. Employing semiotic concepts of semiosis, unpredictability and art as a modelling system, this study demonstrates how the artificial characters in four recent series have greater analogy with human behaviour than that of machines. Through Ricoeur’s notion of identity, this research frames the films’ narratives as typical literary and thought experiments with human identity. However, the familiar sociotopes and technoscientific details included in the narratives concerning data, privacy and human–machine interaction blur the boundary between the human and the machine in both fictional and real-world discourse. Additionally, utilising Haynes’ scientist stereotypes, the research puts the robot makers into focus, revealing their secret agendas and hidden agency behind the artificial creatures.
{"title":"Representations of robots in science fiction film narratives as signifiers of human identity","authors":"Auli Viidalepp","doi":"10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/INFTARS.XX.2020.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Recent science fiction has brought anthropomorphic robots from an imaginary far-future to contemporary spacetime. Employing semiotic concepts of semiosis, unpredictability and art as a modelling system, this study demonstrates how the artificial characters in four recent series have greater analogy with human behaviour than that of machines. Through Ricoeur’s notion of identity, this research frames the films’ narratives as typical literary and thought experiments with human identity. However, the familiar sociotopes and technoscientific details included in the narratives concerning data, privacy and human–machine interaction blur the boundary between the human and the machine in both fictional and real-world discourse. Additionally, utilising Haynes’ scientist stereotypes, the research puts the robot makers into focus, revealing their secret agendas and hidden agency behind the artificial creatures.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43532472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.4
Jesse de Pagter
The aim of this paper is to develop an approach that conceptualizes the role of sociotechnical potential in the discourse around trust in emerging technology. Thereby it focuses on robotics as an example of an emerging technology which is subject to many expectations concerning its future. The paper first provides a general overview of the thinking on trust in philosophy of technology. In the section after that, the paper argues for the importance of adding the perspective of technological potential by emphasizing how the discourse around emerging technologies like robotics is often referring to a world-tocome. Based on this idea, the final section argues for an approach to trust in technology that is based on the perspective of multiplicity of technology narratives. As such, the goal is to build and foster trust in the future of robots based on a notion of technodiversity.
{"title":"Trust in robot futures: The role of sociotechnical potential","authors":"Jesse de Pagter","doi":"10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to develop an approach that conceptualizes the role of sociotechnical potential in the discourse around trust in emerging technology. Thereby it focuses on robotics as an example of an emerging technology which is subject to many expectations concerning its future. The paper first provides a general overview of the thinking on trust in philosophy of technology. In the section after that, the paper argues for the importance of adding the perspective of technological potential by emphasizing how the discourse around emerging technologies like robotics is often referring to a world-tocome. Based on this idea, the final section argues for an approach to trust in technology that is based on the perspective of multiplicity of technology narratives. As such, the goal is to build and foster trust in the future of robots based on a notion of technodiversity.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":"07 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86012944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.10
G. Langie, S. Craps
Professional competencies vary across engineering job characteristics. The design of the educational environment should take into account this diversity and enable students to develop career awareness. The European project PREFER (Professional Roles and Employability for Future EngineeRs) has developed instruments to make engineering students aware of the existence of professional roles and their associated competency profiles. These are designed and validated in strong interaction with industry, guaranteeing a discipline-independent, future-proof framework that is ready to implement in the engineering curriculum. In this paper, we describe the integration of this framework in the Faculty of Engineering Technology of KU Leuven, Belgium. The selection of professional competencies based on professional roles, the adaptive level of the professional competencies thanks to electives and the collaborative assessment of the students by experts in professional competencies and experts in technological competencies, are key elements of the new engineering curriculum. All of them are developed thanks to a university-business collaboration. The reformed curriculum will start from the academic year 2020-2021.
{"title":"Professional competencies in engineering education: the PREFERed-way","authors":"G. Langie, S. Craps","doi":"10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Professional competencies vary across engineering job characteristics. The design of the educational environment should take into account this diversity and enable students to develop career awareness. The European project PREFER (Professional Roles and Employability for Future EngineeRs) has developed instruments to make engineering students aware of the existence of professional roles and their associated competency profiles. These are designed and validated in strong interaction with industry, guaranteeing a discipline-independent, future-proof framework that is ready to implement in the engineering curriculum. In this paper, we describe the integration of this framework in the Faculty of Engineering Technology of KU Leuven, Belgium. The selection of professional competencies based on professional roles, the adaptive level of the professional competencies thanks to electives and the collaborative assessment of the students by experts in professional competencies and experts in technological competencies, are key elements of the new engineering curriculum. All of them are developed thanks to a university-business collaboration. The reformed curriculum will start from the academic year 2020-2021.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":"28 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82166329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.5
Veli-Pekka Pyrhönen, Sonja Niiranen, Eila Pajarre
This paper investigates importance and development of expertise and personal competencies of newly graduated engineers according to academic staff members, industrial employers and the graduated engineers themselves. The aim was to discover how graduated engineers perceive the importance of competencies at the time of graduation, and how various competencies have developed during their studies. For such purposes, a national-wide graduate survey was adopted as a basis for research. The results show that engineering degree programmes highlight theoretical foundation rather than generic competencies, whereas industrial employers favor personal competencies and attitudinal factors. Furthermore, according to graduates’ ratings, some competencies have developed more than appears to be necessary at the beginning of their career. These competencies were the most valued in degree programmes. Similarly, some competencies that were least valued in degree programmes were part of the least developed competencies in studies, but also part of the most important competencies for graduates.
{"title":"Newly graduate engineers’ development of expertise and personal competencies","authors":"Veli-Pekka Pyrhönen, Sonja Niiranen, Eila Pajarre","doi":"10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates importance and development of expertise and personal competencies of newly graduated engineers according to academic staff members, industrial employers and the graduated engineers themselves. The aim was to discover how graduated engineers perceive the importance of competencies at the time of graduation, and how various competencies have developed during their studies. For such purposes, a national-wide graduate survey was adopted as a basis for research. The results show that engineering degree programmes highlight theoretical\u0000foundation rather than generic competencies, whereas industrial employers favor personal competencies and attitudinal factors. Furthermore, according to graduates’ ratings, some competencies have developed more than appears to be necessary at the beginning of their career. These competencies were the most valued in degree programmes. Similarly, some competencies that were least valued in degree programmes were part of the least developed competencies in studies, but also part of the most important competencies for graduates.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.2
Anikó Kálmán, Linda Citterio
In this paper we aim at presenting SEFI Annual Conference 2019 from the thematic point of view. Authors have creatively reacted to the main theme ‘Complexity as the new normality’ by targeting different areas of education where complexity arises: project work, curricular changes and connection to the job market are just few examples. The importance of soft skills alongside the core engineering background has motivated an intense discussion on the role of teaching in developing students’ skills. We identified the most represented topics at SEFI 2019 and we reflected on the importance of less represented topics such as Lifelong learning, Talent management, Sustainability and 4th Industrial Revolution. We based our decision on the relevance of such topics for shaping the future engineering education practices. We hope to spark the readers’ interest and motivate to explore the articles in this thematic issue as well as the Proceedings of SEFI 2019 Conference.
{"title":"Complexity as new normality: What is going on?","authors":"Anikó Kálmán, Linda Citterio","doi":"10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22503/inftars.xx.2020.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we aim at presenting SEFI Annual Conference 2019 from the thematic point of view. Authors have creatively reacted to the main theme ‘Complexity as the new normality’ by targeting different areas of education where complexity arises: project work, curricular changes and connection to the job market are just few examples. The importance of soft skills alongside the core engineering background has motivated an intense discussion on the role of teaching in developing students’ skills. We identified the most represented topics at SEFI 2019 and we reflected on the importance of less represented topics such as Lifelong learning, Talent management, Sustainability and 4th Industrial Revolution. We based our decision on the relevance of such topics for shaping the future engineering education practices. We hope to spark the readers’ interest and motivate to explore the articles in this thematic issue as well as the Proceedings of SEFI 2019 Conference.","PeriodicalId":41114,"journal":{"name":"Informacios Tarsadalom","volume":"15 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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