Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1771537
J. Subbiondo
ABSTRACT In An Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language (1668), John Wilkins (1614–1672) invented a real character, an artificial language, to express his philosophical language. The Essay was a culmination of Wilkins’ long-term analyses of the interrelationships among language, communication, science, and learning. His lesser known publication on language, Mercury: or the Secret and Swift Messenger (1641), was Wilkins’ earliest published study of these interrelationships. The real character and the philosophical language that Wilkins presented in his Essay were far more advanced than any artificial language he surveyed in Mercury. His was the most comprehensive real character and philosophical language published to date as Wilkins attempted to represent and communicate the ever-expanding knowledge emerging from the new science. Moreover, he intended that his philosophical language remedy the imperfection of natural languages that he believed were caused by the Biblical ‘confusion of tongues.’ Mercury provides Wilkins’ initial published observations regarding the nature of language as well as the types and roles of artificial languages from antiquity to his day. It reflects his forward-thinking understanding of language early in his career; and it foreshadows his continuing development of a philosophical language.
约翰·威尔金斯(John Wilkins, 1614-1672)在《论真实人物与哲学语言》(1668)中创造了一个真实的人物，一种人工语言来表达他的哲学语言。这篇论文是威尔金斯对语言、交流、科学和学习之间相互关系的长期分析的巅峰之作。他不太为人所知的关于语言的著作《墨丘利》(Mercury: or the Secret and Swift Messenger, 1641)是威尔金斯最早发表的关于这些相互关系的研究。威尔金斯在《随笔》中所呈现的真实人物和哲学语言，远比他在《墨丘利》中所考察的任何人工语言都要先进得多。他是迄今为止出版的最全面的真实人物和哲学语言，因为威尔金斯试图代表和交流新科学中不断扩大的知识。此外，他打算用他的哲学语言来弥补自然语言的缺陷，他认为自然语言的缺陷是由圣经中的“语言混乱”造成的。《水星》提供了威尔金斯最初发表的关于语言本质的观察，以及从古代到他那个时代人工语言的类型和作用。这反映了他在职业生涯早期对语言的前瞻性理解;这也预示着他将继续发展哲学语言。
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Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1755204
S. Turton
ABSTRACT The empirical advancements of scientific lexicography, on whose principles the Oxford English Dictionary was founded, paralleled the developments made in a range of other sciences in the nineteenth century. Rejecting the overt linguistic prescriptivism of many earlier lexicographers, the OED’s editors aimed to approach language as a natural system akin to any other; like their fellow scientists, they were concerned only with objective fact. Yet the representation of any human behaviour will necessarily be selective and subjective, and the conflicting evidence of real linguistic usage would complicate the lexicographers’ ideals of impassive collection and analysis. The better to cast this problem into relief, this paper juxtaposes scientific lexicography with another, more controversial nineteenth-century science: sexology. Sexologists’ pathologisation of ‘deviant’ sexual desires gave rise to an extensive new taxonomy, which the OED began documenting in the early decades of the twentieth century. Drawing on unpublished draft material from the dictionary’s archives, this paper examines the scientific ideologies of lexicography and sexology as they interacted in the OED, exploring what they reveal about the tension between scholarly principles and social practice.
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Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1744291
Esma Sag Sencal
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyse the emergence and development of Saussurean linguistic thought and structural linguistics in Turkey after the 1920s. Although Saussurean and structural linguistic studies can be traced back to the early stages of Turkey, most of these studies flourished after the 1960s. For example, Cours de Linguistique Générale was translated for the first time in 1976. This study has demonstrated that Saussurean linguistic thought and structural linguistics attracted prominent Turkish linguists’ attention. However, probably due to the ideological and nationalistic concerns, conducting a better translation and forming a native linguistic terminology overshadow other linguistic contributions, although Turkish linguists conducted significant works in linguistics.
摘要本研究旨在分析20世纪20年代后索绪尔语言学思想和结构语言学在土耳其的产生和发展。尽管索绪尔语言学和结构语言学研究可以追溯到土耳其的早期阶段，但这些研究大多在20世纪60年代之后蓬勃发展。例如，《Cours de Linguistique Générale》于1976年首次被翻译。这项研究表明，索绪尔语言学思想和结构语言学引起了土耳其著名语言学家的注意。然而，可能是出于意识形态和民族主义的考虑，尽管土耳其语言学家在语言学方面进行了重要的工作，但进行更好的翻译和形成本土语言术语掩盖了其他语言学贡献。
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Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1744268
Simon Coffey
{"title":"The history of language learning and teaching I: 16th-18th century Europe","authors":"Simon Coffey","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2020.1744268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2020.1744268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":"64 1","pages":"61 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17597536.2020.1744268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1744292
Hua Tan
From the 1980s, with the gradual establishment of translation studies as an independent discipline, the subject has thrived, with discussion not only of the present but also of its future and its p...
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Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1744267
R. Harris
Dennett, Daniel. 1995. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon & Schuster; London: Allen Lane. Müller, Friedrich Max. 1861. Lectures on the Science of Language. [First series.]. London: Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts. Müller, Friedrich Max. 1873. “Lectures on Mr Darwin’s Philosophy of Language.” Fraser’s Magazine, 7.525-541, 7.659-678, 8.1-24. Piattelli, Michela. 2016. “‘Language Is Our Rubicon’: Friedrich Max Müller’s Quarrel with Hensleigh Wedgwood.” Publications of the English Goethe Society 85 (2–3): 98–109. Volume republ. as Friedrich Max Müller and the Role of Philology in Victorian Thought, ed. by John R. Davis & Angus Nicholls, Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2018. doi:10.1080/09593683.2016.1224511. Radick, Gregory. 2000. “Language, Brain Function, and Human Origins in the Victorian Debates over Evolution.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 31 (1): 55–75. doi:10.1016/S1369-8486(99)00045-X. Wedgwood, Hensleigh. 1848. On the Development of the Understanding. Taylor & Walton: London. Wedgwood, Hensleigh. 1859-65. A Dictionary of English Etymology. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. 1872, 3rd ed. 1878 ed. London: Trübner. Wedgwood, Hensleigh. 1866. On the Origin of Language. London: Trübner.
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Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2020.1744503
J. Subbiondo
In Language, Mind, and Body: A Conceptual History, John Joseph provides an illuminating history of linguistics that reflects an emerging trend in integral studies in that he interrelates several re...
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2019.1706131
P. Russell
ABSTRACT While the ‘grades’ of comparison is a familiar term, it is argued in this paper that a more thorough-going appreciation of a metaphor which originally had to do with steps allows us better to understand the development of the terminology of the grades of comparison as it moved from the Latin grammarians, especially Donatus and the commentators on his original work, into the medieval vernacular Irish and Welsh grammars. The architectural basis of the terminology, then, once identified, may help to clarify the use of such terms as Old Irish etargaire and how in Welsh grwndwal (lit.) ‘ground-wall’ came to be used of the positive form of the adjective. Abbreviations: CIL: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum; eDIL: The Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (www.dil.ie); PL: Patrologia Latina
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2019.1706134
D. Hayden
{"title":"A bibliography of the publications of Anders Ahlqvist","authors":"D. Hayden","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2019.1706134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2019.1706134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":"63 1","pages":"103 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17597536.2019.1706134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42948528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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