The equipment of agricultural machinery has its own special features due to the following reasons: high requirements for wear resistance and fatigue strength of the working surfaces of parts that experience heavy loads; relatively large dimensions and weight of manufactured machines; mainly small-scale and serial production, etc. In the conditions of aging and wear of the machine and tractor fleet, multiple increases in the cost of machines and spare parts, and the lack of financial resources, the issue of technical equipment of agricultural production should be solved by developing new and improving the existing technological processes of production and repair. In the production of agricultural machinery and mechanisms, it is necessary to use modern technologies, equipment, and materials. An urgent task is the development and application of hybrid technologies and hybrid equipment for the production of machines and mechanisms, as well as spare parts for the machine and tractor fleet. The paper presents the options for applying the principle of combination. This will allow creating machine tool systems where different types of processing can be combined on a single platform, which reduces the time for intermediate and auxiliary operations, the range of available equipment, maintenance and repair costs, etc., which is especially important for small enterprises, repair shops, and small businesses that produce machines and mechanisms for agricultural purposes. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/creation-of-hybrid-machines-for-the-production-of-agricultural-parts/69769.html
{"title":"Creation of hybrid machines for the production of agricultural parts","authors":"A. Yakovleva","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2108-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2108-03","url":null,"abstract":"The equipment of agricultural machinery has its own special features due to the following reasons: high requirements for wear resistance and fatigue strength of the working surfaces of parts that experience heavy loads; relatively large dimensions and weight of manufactured machines; mainly small-scale and serial production, etc. In the conditions of aging and wear of the machine and tractor fleet, multiple increases in the cost of machines and spare parts, and the lack of financial resources, the issue of technical equipment of agricultural production should be solved by developing new and improving the existing technological processes of production and repair. In the production of agricultural machinery and mechanisms, it is necessary to use modern technologies, equipment, and materials. An urgent task is the development and application of hybrid technologies and hybrid equipment for the production of machines and mechanisms, as well as spare parts for the machine and tractor fleet. The paper presents the options for applying the principle of combination. This will allow creating machine tool systems where different types of processing can be combined on a single platform, which reduces the time for intermediate and auxiliary operations, the range of available equipment, maintenance and repair costs, etc., which is especially important for small enterprises, repair shops, and small businesses that produce machines and mechanisms for agricultural purposes.\u0000\u0000\u0000English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/creation-of-hybrid-machines-for-the-production-of-agricultural-parts/69769.html","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116802305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new approach to the problem of full automation of production is considered. It is shown that along with technical issues, one of the main places among the issues of full automation of production is occupied by social issues, since full automation radically changes the structure of labor resources. The novel division of labor in the process of life activity led to the formation of new organizational solutions that also affected the automation environment. This is primarily due to the fact that along with individuals inventing and implementing automatic devices, a certain number of workers, who were freed from routine work by automats and had to be organized in a new way in the work of the team, appeared. The subsequent era of the industrial revolution is associated not only with the development of new types of energy, but also with the formation of new organizational solutions in production. It is reasonable to imagine the development of fully automated production as a process of transition to a state in which individuals who consume products simultaneously change its structure. The driving forces behind the development of fully automated production are individuals who have been freed from routine work as a result of automation and have been given the opportunity to realize their creative abilities. Taking into account the effect of the «universal law of the elevation of needs», it is necessary to consider the appropriate and most effective form of the structure of fully automated production as a permanently changing matrix containing a changing set of individual customers and a changing set of automation tools. Familiarity with the new approach to the problem of full automation will help enterprise designers to better understand the composition of tasks for the reconstruction of production.
{"title":"Ways to develop full automation of production","authors":"G. Ganina, Yu. A. Ostrovskiy, A. Yakovleva","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2108-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2108-02","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to the problem of full automation of production is considered. It is shown that along with technical issues, one of the main places among the issues of full automation of production is occupied by social issues, since full automation radically changes the structure of labor resources. The novel division of labor in the process of life activity led to the formation of new organizational solutions that also affected the automation environment. This is primarily due to the fact that along with individuals inventing and implementing automatic devices, a certain number of workers, who were freed from routine work by automats and had to be organized in a new way in the work of the team, appeared. The subsequent era of the industrial revolution is associated not only with the development of new types of energy, but also with the formation of new organizational solutions in production. It is reasonable to imagine the development of fully automated production as a process of transition to a state in which individuals who consume products simultaneously change its structure. The driving forces behind the development of fully automated production are individuals who have been freed from routine work as a result of automation and have been given the opportunity to realize their creative abilities. Taking into account the effect of the «universal law of the elevation of needs», it is necessary to consider the appropriate and most effective form of the structure of fully automated production as a permanently changing matrix containing a changing set of individual customers and a changing set of automation tools. Familiarity with the new approach to the problem of full automation will help enterprise designers to better understand the composition of tasks for the reconstruction of production.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134046119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Filonovich, O. Gubanov, D. S. Alymov, V. Gadalov
The studies of the mechanical electrophysical properties of polymers and their modifications under the simultaneous influence of electrical discharges and mechanical force are presented. The paper presents the results of the experimental studies of the electrophysical and mechanical strength, the temperature dependence of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle, the specific volume electrical resistance and the relative deformation at break of new film polymer materials obtained on the basis of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) with a mixture of phenylenediamine additives OPD and PhI. The content of additives varied in the range of (0.03-0.5) wt%. The established increase in the electrophysical characteristics (increase in resistance to high electric field) of the LDPE film with the introduction of 0.1 wt% of chemical additives of PhI and with subsequent three-fold orientation extraction can be associated with a decrease in the concentration of charge carriers and their mobility, as well as an increase in the degree of crystallinity and packing density of polymer chains, which makes it difficult for ionization processes to occur at a given high electric field strength. It is shown that a decrease in the electrophysical characteristics of the studied polymer materials in the presence of tensile mechanical forces leads to the accumulation of bulk charges in them and the formation of submicrocracks.
{"title":"Study of the effect of modification with small additives of phenylenediamines","authors":"A. Filonovich, O. Gubanov, D. S. Alymov, V. Gadalov","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2109-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2109-03","url":null,"abstract":"The studies of the mechanical electrophysical properties of polymers and their modifications under the simultaneous influence of electrical discharges and mechanical force are presented. The paper presents the results of the experimental studies of the electrophysical and mechanical strength, the temperature dependence of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle, the specific volume electrical resistance and the relative deformation at break of new film polymer materials obtained on the basis of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) with a mixture of phenylenediamine additives OPD and PhI. The content of additives varied in the range of (0.03-0.5) wt%. The established increase in the electrophysical characteristics (increase in resistance to high electric field) of the LDPE film with the introduction of 0.1 wt% of chemical additives of PhI and with subsequent three-fold orientation extraction can be associated with a decrease in the concentration of charge carriers and their mobility, as well as an increase in the degree of crystallinity and packing density of polymer chains, which makes it difficult for ionization processes to occur at a given high electric field strength. It is shown that a decrease in the electrophysical characteristics of the studied polymer materials in the presence of tensile mechanical forces leads to the accumulation of bulk charges in them and the formation of submicrocracks.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129010976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyzes the influence of errors from elastic deformations on the accuracy of processing in the conditions of complex automation. Different variants of multi-tool processing are considered: parallel processing, when different tools are alternately, one after the other, involved in the processing of the workpiece surfaces, and parallel-sequential processing, when different surfaces of the workpiece are processed simultaneously by several tools located in the working position. Design automation in machine-building production is part of the complex problem of automation of engineering work in all areas of the functioning of a modern production system. Therefore, when creating design automation systems, its connections in the general complex of automation of engineering activities in the production cycle should be taken into account. In general, the automation of the engineer's work is task planning, design and technological preparation of production, and management of the production system. The choice of favorable cutting modes for multi-tool processing is a difficult task, since, along with taking into account the features of each individual tool, it is necessary to make a general analysis of the entire setup, i.e. the set of tools used on the machine, and the distribution of processing transitions among them. Machine-building production is currently characterized by the desire to constantly update the range of released products. The requirements of multi-product manufacture can be met under the condition of its automation, which covers both the automation of production preparation and management. The article provides recommendations for reducing the error from elastic deformations in the conditions of complex automation. English version ofthe article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/multi-tool-machining-in-complex-process-automation/65225.html
{"title":"Multi-tool processing in the conditions of complex automation of technical processes","authors":"A. B. Istomin, I. N. Gemba, I. V. Lizunov","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2107-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the influence of errors from elastic deformations on the accuracy of processing in the conditions of complex automation. Different variants of multi-tool processing are considered: parallel processing, when different tools are alternately, one after the other, involved in the processing of the workpiece surfaces, and parallel-sequential processing, when different surfaces of the workpiece are processed simultaneously by several tools located in the working position. Design automation in machine-building production is part of the complex problem of automation of engineering work in all areas of the functioning of a modern production system. Therefore, when creating design automation systems, its connections in the general complex of automation of engineering activities in the production cycle should be taken into account. In general, the automation of the engineer's work is task planning, design and technological preparation of production, and management of the production system. The choice of favorable cutting modes for multi-tool processing is a difficult task, since, along with taking into account the features of each individual tool, it is necessary to make a general analysis of the entire setup, i.e. the set of tools used on the machine, and the distribution of processing transitions among them. Machine-building production is currently characterized by the desire to constantly update the range of released products. The requirements of multi-product manufacture can be met under the condition of its automation, which covers both the automation of production preparation and management. The article provides recommendations for reducing the error from elastic deformations in the conditions of complex automation.\u0000\u0000\u0000English version ofthe article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/multi-tool-machining-in-complex-process-automation/65225.html","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research presented in the article is devoted to the selection of the electric motor of the hydraulic press drive with a nominal force of 5MN. The article presents the main characteristics and the description of the press operation using the means of mechanization of the technological process of pressure treatment. Using the Deform-3D software package, the process of stamping the crosspiece of the ZIL-130 cardan shaft was simulated. Based on the presented hydraulic scheme of the press, its topological model was formed in the PA-9 software package. The deformation force obtained in the course of modeling the technological process of stamping was used in the topological model of the press. Using a tabular cyclogram, the sequence of actuation of the end switches and hydraulic distributors during the stamping process is shown. In the article, two variants of engine operation were analyzed. Based on the results of the conducted research, it is necessary to focus on the second version of the 55 kW engine, the operation of which will provide the required characteristics of the hydraulic drive of the press, which in turn will allow for technological stamping operations. The simulation tools allow providing estimated information when selecting the necessary tools to ensure the optimal characteristics of hydraulic press drives. The article considered the variation of electric motors that differ from each other in nominal characteristics, with constant characteristics of the pump. For more accurate estimates of energy savings during the operation of the hydraulic drive, it is necessary to vary the characteristics of the pump in the simulation, and the best option is to form an experiment planning matrix when combining the characteristics of the electric motor and the hydraulic pump. This approach ultimately allows forming a function for which one can select a hydraulic drive from existing brands of electric motors and hydraulic pumps for presses of the corresponding range of nominal force.
{"title":"Selection of the optimal hydraulic drive for the press","authors":"A. Antsifirov, V. Krivoshein","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2107-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-05","url":null,"abstract":"The research presented in the article is devoted to the selection of the electric motor of the hydraulic press drive with a nominal force of 5MN. The article presents the main characteristics and the description of the press operation using the means of mechanization of the technological process of pressure treatment. Using the Deform-3D software package, the process of stamping the crosspiece of the ZIL-130 cardan shaft was simulated. Based on the presented hydraulic scheme of the press, its topological model was formed in the PA-9 software package. The deformation force obtained in the course of modeling the technological process of stamping was used in the topological model of the press. Using a tabular cyclogram, the sequence of actuation of the end switches and hydraulic distributors during the stamping process is shown. In the article, two variants of engine operation were analyzed. Based on the results of the conducted research, it is necessary to focus on the second version of the 55 kW engine, the operation of which will provide the required characteristics of the hydraulic drive of the press, which in turn will allow for technological stamping operations. The simulation tools allow providing estimated information when selecting the necessary tools to ensure the optimal characteristics of hydraulic press drives. The article considered the variation of electric motors that differ from each other in nominal characteristics, with constant characteristics of the pump. For more accurate estimates of energy savings during the operation of the hydraulic drive, it is necessary to vary the characteristics of the pump in the simulation, and the best option is to form an experiment planning matrix when combining the characteristics of the electric motor and the hydraulic pump. This approach ultimately allows forming a function for which one can select a hydraulic drive from existing brands of electric motors and hydraulic pumps for presses of the corresponding range of nominal force.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"4 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130282318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article defines the main axis and the profiling plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines. Specific recommendations are given for choosing the position of the main axis and the profiling plane, depending on the configuration of the manufactured parts of the roll-formed section. Under the general name of profiling in the practice of stamping works, it is meant to obtain rigid and light profiles of large length and various configurations from sheet blanks. Profiling is carried out in four ways: in dies on crank presses, in dies on special bending presses, on universal bending machines (edging machines), on profiling roller machines. The first method, profiling on crank presses, is used for complex semi-closed and open profiles of relatively small length, if there are no special bending presses or profiling machines. The second method, profiling on special bending presses, is used for open and semiclosed profiles up to 5 mm long. The advantage of such presses is the possibility of using simple, and therefore cheap, tools in the manufacture. The third method, profiling on universal bending machines (edging machines), is used for bending parts (profiles of a simple shape in straight lines with different coupling radii determined by the radius of the machine ruler, for which the latter has a set of rulers). Bending machines allow bending materials of small thickness. Low productivity and the need for physical labor costs limit the use of these machines. The fourth method, profiling on roller machines, is used for open, semi-closed and closed profiles. The essence of the profiling process is to gradually change the profile drawing of a flat belt to a given profile when it is moved sequentially through several pairs of shaped rollers arranged sequentially one after the other in the same plane and rotating at the same speed. The article describes in detail the fourth method; the advantages and disadvantages are noted.
{"title":"The selection of the main axis and the forming plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines","authors":"O. M. Koryagina","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2107-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-04","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the main axis and the profiling plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines. Specific recommendations are given for choosing the position of the main axis and the profiling plane, depending on the configuration of the manufactured parts of the roll-formed section. Under the general name of profiling in the practice of stamping works, it is meant to obtain rigid and light profiles of large length and various configurations from sheet blanks. Profiling is carried out in four ways: in dies on crank presses, in dies on special bending presses, on universal bending machines (edging machines), on profiling roller machines. The first method, profiling on crank presses, is used for complex semi-closed and open profiles of relatively small length, if there are no special bending presses or profiling machines. The second method, profiling on special bending presses, is used for open and semiclosed profiles up to 5 mm long. The advantage of such presses is the possibility of using simple, and therefore cheap, tools in the manufacture. The third method, profiling on universal bending machines (edging machines), is used for bending parts (profiles of a simple shape in straight lines with different coupling radii determined by the radius of the machine ruler, for which the latter has a set of rulers). Bending machines allow bending materials of small thickness. Low productivity and the need for physical labor costs limit the use of these machines. The fourth method, profiling on roller machines, is used for open, semi-closed and closed profiles. The essence of the profiling process is to gradually change the profile drawing of a flat belt to a given profile when it is moved sequentially through several pairs of shaped rollers arranged sequentially one after the other in the same plane and rotating at the same speed. The article describes in detail the fourth method; the advantages and disadvantages are noted.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116457919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers computer modeling of mechanical, heat and power systems, and electronics and automation systems for the modern educational process organized remotely in the period of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The article describes the computer models created by the author, analyzes and highlights the positive aspects of such modeling for conducting distance learning experiments, visual and detailed presentation of theoretical material, and creating conditions for obtaining high-quality education even in the difficult conditions of the pandemic. This paper describes only an extremely small number of computer training models developed by the author for distance learning on educational platforms. It is worth mentioning that for various disciplines, the author of the article created computer models for the following sections: magnetic and electric fields, magnetic hysteresis, electromagnetic induction, addition of vibrations, waves, wave optics, magneto-optical effects, electronics, semiconductors, atomic physics. The interfaces of virtual models are intuitive; many objects are supplemented with «pop-up» comments and are designed so that students, even those who are not good at computer technology, can work with them independently without assistance. Therefore, these programmed manuals are of particular importance for distance learning on educational platforms. Models in computer lab work clearly demonstrate real experiments and accurately reflect physical patterns. The ranges of the measured parameters make it possible to record a sufficient number of experimental values. All the listed advantages of these models allow them to be actively used for distance learning on educational platforms without reducing the quality of the education received by students in comparison with conventional training.
{"title":"The importance of educational modeling in the period of distance learning","authors":"E. Karpovich","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2107-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers computer modeling of mechanical, heat and power systems, and electronics and automation systems for the modern educational process organized remotely in the period of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The article describes the computer models created by the author, analyzes and highlights the positive aspects of such modeling for conducting distance learning experiments, visual and detailed presentation of theoretical material, and creating conditions for obtaining high-quality education even in the difficult conditions of the pandemic. This paper describes only an extremely small number of computer training models developed by the author for distance learning on educational platforms. It is worth mentioning that for various disciplines, the author of the article created computer models for the following sections: magnetic and electric fields, magnetic hysteresis, electromagnetic induction, addition of vibrations, waves, wave optics, magneto-optical effects, electronics, semiconductors, atomic physics. The interfaces of virtual models are intuitive; many objects are supplemented with «pop-up» comments and are designed so that students, even those who are not good at computer technology, can work with them independently without assistance. Therefore, these programmed manuals are of particular importance for distance learning on educational platforms. Models in computer lab work clearly demonstrate real experiments and accurately reflect physical patterns. The ranges of the measured parameters make it possible to record a sufficient number of experimental values. All the listed advantages of these models allow them to be actively used for distance learning on educational platforms without reducing the quality of the education received by students in comparison with conventional training.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125963805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand for efficient and high-quality heat treatment creates certain requirements for thermal equipment. Thermal equipment that perfectly meets the task of modern production enterprises is a universal vacuum furnace. The requirements of modern production are the boundary conditions for equipment manufacturers, focusing them on the need for universal equipment capable of rapid wide production maneuvering to ensure the possibility of mastering and releasing new products at minimal cost. As a result of practical research and development, focusing on the world experience and the real need for operation, the company Sistem Teknik presents in the article vacuum thermal equipment for universal use — All in one. The equipment is controlled automatically; all parameters are controlled by the process controller in accordance with the programmed cycle. The main advantages of operating All in one equipment from Sistem Teknik are the following: high productivity, minimizing human involvement in technological processes, high accuracy of all operations, long service life, flexibility of settings, the ability to process a huge range of materials, the ability to perform a full processing cycle without removing the load from the furnace, reliable equipment design that guarantees stable and safe operation, easy maintenance, quick changeover and obtaining uniform high processing results, the classic layout that guarantees high repair adaptability or maintainability, which is characterized by the possibility of eliminating certain structural damage with minimal time. The requirements of modern production are the boundary conditions for equipment manufacturers, focusing them on the need for universal equipment capable of rapid wide production maneuvering, to ensure the possibility of mastering and releasing new products at minimal cost.
对高效、高质量热处理的需求对热设备提出了一定的要求。完全满足现代化生产企业任务的热工设备是万能真空炉。现代生产的要求是设备制造商的边界条件，重点是需要能够快速广泛生产机动的通用设备，以确保以最低成本掌握和发布新产品的可能性。作为实践研究和开发的结果，专注于世界经验和实际操作需求，系统技术公司在文章中提出了通用真空热工设备- All in one。设备自动控制;所有参数由过程控制器按照程序设定的周期进行控制。操作systemteknik的All in one设备的主要优点如下:高生产率，最大限度地减少人工参与工艺过程，所有操作精度高，使用寿命长，设置灵活，加工各种材料的能力，无需从炉中卸下负载即可完成整个加工周期的能力，可靠的设备设计保证了稳定安全的运行，易于维护，快速切换并获得均匀的高加工结果。保证高维修适应性或可维护性的经典布局，其特点是可以在最短的时间内消除某些结构损坏。现代生产的要求是设备制造商的边界条件，重点是需要能够快速广泛生产机动的通用设备，以确保以最低成本掌握和发布新产品的可能性。
{"title":"Equipment for thermal production","authors":"D. Novikov","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2107-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-01","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for efficient and high-quality heat treatment creates certain requirements for thermal equipment. Thermal equipment that perfectly meets the task of modern production enterprises is a universal vacuum furnace. The requirements of modern production are the boundary conditions for equipment manufacturers, focusing them on the need for universal equipment capable of rapid wide production maneuvering to ensure the possibility of mastering and releasing new products at minimal cost. As a result of practical research and development, focusing on the world experience and the real need for operation, the company Sistem Teknik presents in the article vacuum thermal equipment for universal use — All in one. The equipment is controlled automatically; all parameters are controlled by the process controller in accordance with the programmed cycle. The main advantages of operating All in one equipment from Sistem Teknik are the following: high productivity, minimizing human involvement in technological processes, high accuracy of all operations, long service life, flexibility of settings, the ability to process a huge range of materials, the ability to perform a full processing cycle without removing the load from the furnace, reliable equipment design that guarantees stable and safe operation, easy maintenance, quick changeover and obtaining uniform high processing results, the classic layout that guarantees high repair adaptability or maintainability, which is characterized by the possibility of eliminating certain structural damage with minimal time. The requirements of modern production are the boundary conditions for equipment manufacturers, focusing them on the need for universal equipment capable of rapid wide production maneuvering, to ensure the possibility of mastering and releasing new products at minimal cost.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130710368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article provides an overview of the methods of restoration and repair of various parts of the equipment: shafts, couplings, splined and keyed joints. Recommendations on the choice of methods, equipment and tools are given. In case of wear, the keyway is repaired by welding the face with subsequent milling. At the same time, the keyway size set by the standard is maintained. Such repairs are also possible: the keyway is expanded and deepened, completely eliminating the traces of wear, after which a stepped key is made to it. However, with such repairs, a high-quality connection is not provided and, therefore, it is used in exceptional cases (during inspections and ongoing repairs). When repairing keyed joints, the worn keyed joints are not repaired, but new ones are made, fitting them to achieve a firm contact with the side surfaces of the grooves of the connected parts. The exception is the taper keys: they are driven into the keyway with a hammer blow so that they are jammed in height. The taper key should also be hammered in such a way that, when loosened, it can be deposited. Between the head of the key and the end of the part, there must be a distance equal to the height of the key. The connection with the help of splines is used for fixing gears, gear wheels, and bushings on the shafts. It has a number of advantages over other types of connection. The component parts of this joint are more easily centered. This significantly reduces mechanical deformations at the bushing boundary. During operation, under the influence of various loads, the spline joint loses its properties. In this case, the splines or grooves in which they are placed are restored. Splines of small rollers are usually not repaired; the parts with worn splines are mostly replaced with new ones. Such work is carried out in specialized workshops. In some cases, the repair and restoration of such products is carried out in a small workshop, but equipped with the necessary machines.
{"title":"Repair and restoration of shafts, couplings, splined and keyed joints","authors":"V. Kozlov, A. B. Istomin, I. N. Gemba","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2107-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-03","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview of the methods of restoration and repair of various parts of the equipment: shafts, couplings, splined and keyed joints. Recommendations on the choice of methods, equipment and tools are given. In case of wear, the keyway is repaired by welding the face with subsequent milling. At the same time, the keyway size set by the standard is maintained. Such repairs are also possible: the keyway is expanded and deepened, completely eliminating the traces of wear, after which a stepped key is made to it. However, with such repairs, a high-quality connection is not provided and, therefore, it is used in exceptional cases (during inspections and ongoing repairs). When repairing keyed joints, the worn keyed joints are not repaired, but new ones are made, fitting them to achieve a firm contact with the side surfaces of the grooves of the connected parts. The exception is the taper keys: they are driven into the keyway with a hammer blow so that they are jammed in height. The taper key should also be hammered in such a way that, when loosened, it can be deposited. Between the head of the key and the end of the part, there must be a distance equal to the height of the key. The connection with the help of splines is used for fixing gears, gear wheels, and bushings on the shafts. It has a number of advantages over other types of connection. The component parts of this joint are more easily centered. This significantly reduces mechanical deformations at the bushing boundary. During operation, under the influence of various loads, the spline joint loses its properties. In this case, the splines or grooves in which they are placed are restored. Splines of small rollers are usually not repaired; the parts with worn splines are mostly replaced with new ones. Such work is carried out in specialized workshops. In some cases, the repair and restoration of such products is carried out in a small workshop, but equipped with the necessary machines.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115057075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mukhin, G. Ganina, Yu. A. Ostrovskiy, P. YakovlevaA.
The article discusses the issue of using intuitive thinking in engineering creativity, which is rarely found in publications. Recognizing the mystery of the phenomenon of intuition, the authors draw attention to the fact that from a practical point of view, society quite willingly and frequently uses this phenomenon in engineering activities as the main element of creativity. Given the increasing role of intuitive thinking in engineering creativity, the authors suggest the reader discussing the feasibility of formulating a special journal section in the form of a «round table». The attempts of Western philosophers to divide people into «creative» and «recreative» to a certain extent are similar to a kind of racism — it should be clearly and definitely considered that by nature all people are the same in terms of the ability to think intuitively. At the same time, it should be taken into account that in practice, differences in upbringing, place in the social environment and other conditions lead to the fact that not all people realize the ability to make intuitive decisions in life; this must be taken into account when plans are made to attract people to participate in creative activities based on intuitive thinking. In a visual form, this is evident when the results of automation in the process of labor transformation are evaluated. The article purposefully discusses the rarely encountered topic of using intuitive thinking in practical activities. The readers have the opportunity to discuss their prospective participation in the «round table» dedicated to the development of engineering creativity.
{"title":"The role and place of intuitive thinking in engineering creativity","authors":"A. Mukhin, G. Ganina, Yu. A. Ostrovskiy, P. YakovlevaA.","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2105-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2105-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issue of using intuitive thinking in engineering creativity, which is rarely found in publications. Recognizing the mystery of the phenomenon of intuition, the authors draw attention to the fact that from a practical point of view, society quite willingly and frequently uses this phenomenon in engineering activities as the main element of creativity. Given the increasing role of intuitive thinking in engineering creativity, the authors suggest the reader discussing the feasibility of formulating a special journal section in the form of a «round table». The attempts of Western philosophers to divide people into «creative» and «recreative» to a certain extent are similar to a kind of racism — it should be clearly and definitely considered that by nature all people are the same in terms of the ability to think intuitively. At the same time, it should be taken into account that in practice, differences in upbringing, place in the social environment and other conditions lead to the fact that not all people realize the ability to make intuitive decisions in life; this must be taken into account when plans are made to attract people to participate in creative activities based on intuitive thinking. In a visual form, this is evident when the results of automation in the process of labor transformation are evaluated. The article purposefully discusses the rarely encountered topic of using intuitive thinking in practical activities. The readers have the opportunity to discuss their prospective participation in the «round table» dedicated to the development of engineering creativity.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114623544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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