Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/imagotemporis.v0i0.292999
Delfina Serrano
This article aims to broaden our knowledge of Muslims’ approaches to the idea of paternity, paying attention to the legal doctrine relating to situations in which the established social order is transgressed or put at risk, circumstances that tend to be dealt with at length in chapters concerning zina (fornication or non-legal sexual relation) in works of Islamic jurisprudence. To this end, a specific chronological and geographical context has been selected, that of al-Andalus, the study of which constitutes a model for analysis that is applicable, both as a model and in its results, to other Islamic societies in the same period. Most Muslim jurists in al-Andalus belonged to the Maliki school, one of the four Sunni or orthodox juridical schools. The doctrine of the minority, i.e. the Zahiri legal school, is also taken into account.
{"title":"Paternity and filiation according to the jurists of al-Andalus: legal doctrines on transgression of the Islamic social order","authors":"Delfina Serrano","doi":"10.21001/imagotemporis.v0i0.292999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/imagotemporis.v0i0.292999","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to broaden our knowledge of Muslims’ approaches to the idea of paternity, paying attention to the legal doctrine relating to situations in which the established social order is transgressed or put at risk, circumstances that tend to be dealt with at length in chapters concerning zina (fornication or non-legal sexual relation) in works of Islamic jurisprudence. To this end, a specific chronological and geographical context has been selected, that of al-Andalus, the study of which constitutes a model for analysis that is applicable, both as a model and in its results, to other Islamic societies in the same period. Most Muslim jurists in al-Andalus belonged to the Maliki school, one of the four Sunni or orthodox juridical schools. The doctrine of the minority, i.e. the Zahiri legal school, is also taken into account.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292979
Carlos Medina-Hernández
Allusions to Cicero in the late-medieval tractatus nauticus. The Middle Ages is presented as far removed from the development of the sciences, focusing instead on religious aspects. One of the disciplines that had been turning into a science through the Classical World and the Middle Ages was navigation. Numerous tractatus nautici, written towards the end of the Middle Ages, have survived. These attempt to describe systems and navigational techniques based not only on mathematics and astronomy, but also on philosophy. The philosophy of Cicero’s is a recurrent question in these works.
{"title":"Cicero in the Late-Medieval Tractatus Nauticus","authors":"Carlos Medina-Hernández","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292979","url":null,"abstract":"Allusions to Cicero in the late-medieval tractatus nauticus. The Middle Ages is presented as far removed from the development of the sciences, focusing instead on religious aspects. One of the disciplines that had been turning into a science through the Classical World and the Middle Ages was navigation. Numerous tractatus nautici, written towards the end of the Middle Ages, have survived. These attempt to describe systems and navigational techniques based not only on mathematics and astronomy, but also on philosophy. The philosophy of Cicero’s is a recurrent question in these works.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"355-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292962
A. Puy
The use of gold coinage in the Medieval Catalonian counties has received considerable academic attention over the past forty years. A crucial factor, the characterisation of individuals using gold currency as their basis of accountancy, however, has to date been neglected. The main aim of this paper is to tackle this issue on the basis of the Diplomatari of Santes Creus. After crossing the data with those extracted from seven other documental sets in the Catalonian counties, the kinship and social links and the properties of 86% of users of gold currency in Santes Creus have been identified. Results show that accounting solutions based on gold weight or gold coinage were essentially used by a closed and not too extensive group of magnates of variable status, connected by kinship, vassalage and proximity links.
{"title":"Tracking down the Glitter of Gold in the \"Diplomatari de Santes Creus\"","authors":"A. Puy","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292962","url":null,"abstract":"The use of gold coinage in the Medieval Catalonian counties has received considerable academic attention over the past forty years. A crucial factor, the characterisation of individuals using gold currency as their basis of accountancy, however, has to date been neglected. The main aim of this paper is to tackle this issue on the basis of the Diplomatari of Santes Creus. After crossing the data with those extracted from seven other documental sets in the Catalonian counties, the kinship and social links and the properties of 86% of users of gold currency in Santes Creus have been identified. Results show that accounting solutions based on gold weight or gold coinage were essentially used by a closed and not too extensive group of magnates of variable status, connected by kinship, vassalage and proximity links.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"24 1","pages":"175-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292965
C. Ayala
Alfonso VI of Leon-Castile’s reign coincided in time with the origins and first development of the Crusading phenomenon, promoted by pope Urban II from 1095 onwards. This fact influenced the very nature and character of warfare against Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. This caused a trend to further sacralisation of the Reconquest, increasingly considered as a genuine Holy War. This article intends to analyze the patterns of this trend throughout Alfonso VI’s reign.
{"title":"On the origins of crusading in the peninsula: the reign of Alfonso VI (1065-1109)","authors":"C. Ayala","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292965","url":null,"abstract":"Alfonso VI of Leon-Castile’s reign coincided in time with the origins and first development of the Crusading phenomenon, promoted by pope Urban II from 1095 onwards. This fact influenced the very nature and character of warfare against Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. This caused a trend to further sacralisation of the Reconquest, increasingly considered as a genuine Holy War. This article intends to analyze the patterns of this trend throughout Alfonso VI’s reign.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"225-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292992
F. Palomero, Irene Palomero
Se plantea la reconstruccion de la iglesia dedicada o consagrada hacia 1088. Contamos con la documentacion existente en el monasterio, ante todo de los siglos XVI y XVIII e informaciones de monjes silenses del siglo XVII. Junto a lo anterior hacemos una relectura de los restos arqueologicos, puestos en relacion, ante todo, con la informacion de las Memoriae Silenses. Se plantea la fecha de dicho templo y su relacion con el plan del monasterio romanico.
{"title":"San Sebastián de Silos: la iglesia dedicada o consagrada en torno a 1088 a través de la documentación y los restos arqueológicos","authors":"F. Palomero, Irene Palomero","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292992","url":null,"abstract":"Se plantea la reconstruccion de la iglesia dedicada o consagrada hacia 1088. Contamos con la documentacion existente en el monasterio, ante todo de los siglos XVI y XVIII e informaciones de monjes silenses del siglo XVII. Junto a lo anterior hacemos una relectura de los restos arqueologicos, puestos en relacion, ante todo, con la informacion de las Memoriae Silenses. Se plantea la fecha de dicho templo y su relacion con el plan del monasterio romanico.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"476-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292994
Pierre Bonneaud
Tous les freres de l’Ordre de l’Hopital prononcaient lors de leur admission les trois vœux de pauvrete personnelle, de chastete et d’obeissance a leur Maitre. La regle de l’Hopital (circa 1120) et d’autres premiers statuts interdisaient aux freres de vivre avec des biens propres et leur ordonnaient de vivre dans un depouillement semblable a celui des membres d’autres ordres reguliers etablis aux XIIe et XIIIe siecles. Le but de cette etude est d’examiner les regles existantes en la matiere puis de voir dans quelle mesure les Hospitaliers residant au couvent de Rhodes au XVe siecle etaient fideles a leur vœu de pauvrete. A cette epoque, Rhodes etait le siege du gouvernement central de l’Ordre sous la conduite du Maitre mais egalement un bastion militaire, face aux Mamelouks de l’Egypte et aux Turcs Ottomans alors en plein essor conquerant. Entre trois cent et cinq cent freres etaient reunis pendant de longues periodes de sejour au couvent pour resister a toutes attaques. Nous passerons en revue les prescriptions et pratiques qui gouvernaient cette originale communaute religieuse et militaire. Comme pour la plupart des autres ordres religieux reguliers, la pratique de la pauvrete personnelle s’etait profondement alteree par rapport aux premiers temps de l’Hopital. Les Hospitaliers, a Rhodes comme dans leurs commanderies occidentales, etaient autorises a acceder a la propriete personnelle, sous des formes diverses bien qu’avec des limites. Leur vie au couvent etait loin d’etre ascetique mais a leur mort, leurs biens revenaient a l’Ordre.
{"title":"Les hospitaliers de Rhodes au regard de leur voeu de pauvreté au XVe siècle (1420-1480)","authors":"Pierre Bonneaud","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292994","url":null,"abstract":"Tous les freres de l’Ordre de l’Hopital prononcaient lors de leur admission les trois vœux de pauvrete personnelle, de chastete et d’obeissance a leur Maitre. La regle de l’Hopital (circa 1120) et d’autres premiers statuts interdisaient aux freres de vivre avec des biens propres et leur ordonnaient de vivre dans un depouillement semblable a celui des membres d’autres ordres reguliers etablis aux XIIe et XIIIe siecles. Le but de cette etude est d’examiner les regles existantes en la matiere puis de voir dans quelle mesure les Hospitaliers residant au couvent de Rhodes au XVe siecle etaient fideles a leur vœu de pauvrete. A cette epoque, Rhodes etait le siege du gouvernement central de l’Ordre sous la conduite du Maitre mais egalement un bastion militaire, face aux Mamelouks de l’Egypte et aux Turcs Ottomans alors en plein essor conquerant. Entre trois cent et cinq cent freres etaient reunis pendant de longues periodes de sejour au couvent pour resister a toutes attaques. Nous passerons en revue les prescriptions et pratiques qui gouvernaient cette originale communaute religieuse et militaire. Comme pour la plupart des autres ordres religieux reguliers, la pratique de la pauvrete personnelle s’etait profondement alteree par rapport aux premiers temps de l’Hopital. Les Hospitaliers, a Rhodes comme dans leurs commanderies occidentales, etaient autorises a acceder a la propriete personnelle, sous des formes diverses bien qu’avec des limites. Leur vie au couvent etait loin d’etre ascetique mais a leur mort, leurs biens revenaient a l’Ordre.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"538-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292950
Isabel Toral-Niehoff
The articles analyses in a preliminary study the configuration of motherhood (the mere biological fact of being a mother) and motherliness (the quality of having or showing the tenderness and warmth and affection of a mother, i.e. of maternal love) in Medieval Arab Literature, taking as case studies the portrayal of both topics in the adab-encyclopaedia al-ʿIqd al-Farīd by the Cordovan man of letters Ibn ʿAbdrabbih (860-940 CE). In addition, it discusses the methodical difficulties of investigating past mentalities, attitudes and social expectations in Pre-Modern Islam and pleas for a stronger consideration of literary texts.
{"title":"Paradise is the Feet of the Mothers. Some Preliminary Remarks Concerning the Figuration of Motherhood in Medieval Arab Literature","authors":"Isabel Toral-Niehoff","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292950","url":null,"abstract":"The articles analyses in a preliminary study the configuration of motherhood (the mere biological fact of being a mother) and motherliness (the quality of having or showing the tenderness and warmth and affection of a mother, i.e. of maternal love) in Medieval Arab Literature, taking as case studies the portrayal of both topics in the adab-encyclopaedia al-ʿIqd al-Farīd by the Cordovan man of letters Ibn ʿAbdrabbih (860-940 CE). In addition, it discusses the methodical difficulties of investigating past mentalities, attitudes and social expectations in Pre-Modern Islam and pleas for a stronger consideration of literary texts.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292986
G. Alcalde, J. Burch
This paper analyses how the sixth and seventh centuries are explained and presented to visitors at Catalan archaeological sites that have been adapted for public access. We analyse the works that have been carried out at the sites (on the surrounding environment, archaeological structures, surfaces, routes, signposting, and related information centres and museums) and what information is transmitted to visitors through communication resources at the site.
{"title":"The Presentation of the 6th and 7th Centuries in Catalan Archaeological Sites","authors":"G. Alcalde, J. Burch","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292986","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses how the sixth and seventh centuries are explained and presented to visitors at Catalan archaeological sites that have been adapted for public access. We analyse the works that have been carried out at the sites (on the surrounding environment, archaeological structures, surfaces, routes, signposting, and related information centres and museums) and what information is transmitted to visitors through communication resources at the site.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"401-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292956
F. Iannello
The purpose of this tripartite paper is to demonstrate the unique and exceptional value of the Epistola ad milites Corotici as a direct source for the historical reconstruction of the origins of the Celtic insular Church in the early years of so-called Sub-Roman Britain. Patrick’s letter, as I will try to show, contains information which is not otherwise available on these crucial years. Moreover —and on occasions in comparison with the Confessio—the value of the Epistola in relation to these events has increased. The themes and historical figures discussed in the Epistola have proved to be fundamental to an understanding of the historical, social and religious causes both of the end of Roman power in Britain and the sudden rise of the apostolic missions especially in Ireland and in the rest of the Post-Roman Britain, as well as in less Romanised areas as a result of Nynias’s and Columba’s preaching and by means of the definitive action of the Roman Church in sending Augustine of Canterbury to Britain.
{"title":"Notes and Considerations on the Importance of St. Patrick's Epistola Ad Milites Corotici as a Source on the Origins of Celtic Christinanity and Sub-Roman Britain","authors":"F. Iannello","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292956","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this tripartite paper is to demonstrate the unique and exceptional value of the Epistola ad milites Corotici as a direct source for the historical reconstruction of the origins of the Celtic insular Church in the early years of so-called Sub-Roman Britain. Patrick’s letter, as I will try to show, contains information which is not otherwise available on these crucial years. Moreover —and on occasions in comparison with the Confessio—the value of the Epistola in relation to these events has increased. The themes and historical figures discussed in the Epistola have proved to be fundamental to an understanding of the historical, social and religious causes both of the end of Roman power in Britain and the sudden rise of the apostolic missions especially in Ireland and in the rest of the Post-Roman Britain, as well as in less Romanised areas as a result of Nynias’s and Columba’s preaching and by means of the definitive action of the Roman Church in sending Augustine of Canterbury to Britain.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"97-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292995
R. M. M. Jiménez
El present article te com a objectiu analizar els discursos literaris, religiosos i medics que convergeixen en una de les obres cabdals en llengua catalana medieval: l’Espill (1460), de Jaume Roig. Primerament, cal no oblidar que el seu autor va ser un dels metges mes prestigiosos a la Valencia quatrecentista, de manera que haura de valorar-se el context cientific que el nodreix; tampoc no pot oblidar-se, en segon lloc, la tradicio misogina que forneix el seu extens poema narratiu. D’altra banda, voldria incidir en una cruilla cultural encara poc analitzada —forca insolita al seu temps— que es la vinculada a la sodomia com a “creacio” femenina; hom valorara les significacions de la seva construccio, comparada a la lepra al mateix text.
{"title":"La sodomia i el cos malalt de les dones","authors":"R. M. M. Jiménez","doi":"10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21001/IMAGOTEMPORIS.V0I0.292995","url":null,"abstract":"El present article te com a objectiu analizar els discursos literaris, religiosos i medics que convergeixen en una de les obres cabdals en llengua catalana medieval: l’Espill (1460), de Jaume Roig. Primerament, cal no oblidar que el seu autor va ser un dels metges mes prestigiosos a la Valencia quatrecentista, de manera que haura de valorar-se el context cientific que el nodreix; tampoc no pot oblidar-se, en segon lloc, la tradicio misogina que forneix el seu extens poema narratiu. D’altra banda, voldria incidir en una cruilla cultural encara poc analitzada —forca insolita al seu temps— que es la vinculada a la sodomia com a “creacio” femenina; hom valorara les significacions de la seva construccio, comparada a la lepra al mateix text.","PeriodicalId":41580,"journal":{"name":"Imago Temporis-Medium Aevum","volume":"1 1","pages":"560-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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