Progress in Solid State Chemistry最新文献

As is well known, Dy-doped crystals are capable of exhibiting yellow emission in the range of 570–590 nm. Owing to their potential use in the fields of biomedical instruments, optical storage, precision measurements, illumination displays, Bose–Einstein condensation, etc., Dy-activated yellow luminescent crystals have attracted considerable attention. In recent years, due to the widespread use of light-emitting diodes, considerable progress has been made on InGaN/GaN-based blue laser diodes (LDs), which provide a new approach for rare-earth-ion-activated crystals to obtain yellow lasers in one step. This has become a hot topic in the scientific and technological research communities and has prompted the development of research on yellow lasers. Based on Dy-doped crystals, we first summarize the research results and progress that has been made to achieve yellow emission in one step using the blue LD pumping technology. Besides, the prospect of obtaining yellow emission from Dy-activated crystals is also presented. Finally, this review aims to help researchers to further develop Dy-activated crystals with yellow emission under the excitation of blue LDs.

Ferrites crystallize in a variety of different structure types, which, although their formulas may at first appear to be too complex to understand intuitively, are in fact built from the stacking of only a handful of simple building blocks. Ferrites without iron, in contrast to the well-known iron-based ferrites, remain understudied, although many family members with distinctive structural and physical properties are known. This review briefly introduces the solid-state chemistry of ferrite compounds, primarily describing their crystal structures, followed by a summary of the reported structure-property relations of the iron-free members of this large family of materials. We also consider beta aluminas to be members of the iron-free ferrite structure family and describe them here.

Different phosphors emit different wavelengths of light depending upon the doped impurity ions. They have various applications in the technological fields. Therefore, the majority of research is accelerated in terms of energy saving and eco-friendly devices. The enormous and countless research in the aluminate materials have shape up the new era of solid state lighting in terms of illumination, small size, energy saving, long lasting eco-friendly phosphors, etc. Aluminates are the low cost and easily available materials and have the potential to fulfill almost all the properties that are required for illumination. The scientists have accelerated progressively more economical techniques, which are useful for technological advancement as well as mass production of the materials. This article highlights the recent development in aluminate materials in terms of their synthesis process, investigation in crystal structure, crystal field splitting and effect of energy band gap along with luminescence properties and lifetime measurements. Some of the earlier investigations showed the limitations and recent critically challenged investigations have also been discussed in this article. This article also includes various applications of these aluminate materials.

A monolayer of black phosphorus (BP), commonly known as phosphorene is a novel member of the two-dimensional (2D) materials family. In consequence of its “puckered” lattice structure, phosphorene has a larger surface to volume ratio than graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and has revealed some distinct benefits in sensing applications. Since, its first synthesis in 2014 by mechanical exfoliation has spurred a wave of material science research activity. Phosphorene's structure and anisotropic characteristics, with its applications in transistors, batteries, solar cells, disease theranostics and sensing has been the subject of several reviews. This pursuit has sparked a flurry of new areas of research, theoretical and experimental, targeted at technological breakthroughs. The target of this review is to explain current advances in phosphorene synthesis, properties, and sensing applications, such as gas sensing, humidity sensing, photo-detection, bio-sensing, and ion-sensing. Finally, we will discuss the present obstacles and potential for phosphorene synthesis, properties and sensing applications.

Layered hydroxide salts (LHS) are synthetic and natural materials with the general chemical composition M²⁺(OH)_2−x(A^m−)_x/m (M²⁺ is a divalent cation, normally Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺or Cu²⁺, and (A^m−)_x/m·nH₂O is a hydrated counter-ion). In most of the cases, the LHS structures are based on the modification of the layered magnesium hydroxide-like structure (brucite, Mg(OH)₂), in which part of the structural hydroxide groups (OH⁻) from the Mg²⁺centered octahedra sharing edges are replaced by water molecules or anions. This process creates a net positive charge in the layers, which needs to be compensated with the intercalation/grafting of hydrated anions. Despite LHS versatility and having great potential for academic and industrial applications due to the variable chemical compositions, structures, and properties, this material is less explored in the literature. In the present review, the structures of the majority of the LHS materials are described and their potential applications are discussed, emphasizing their usage as supports for metalloporphyrins and utilization in different catalytic reactions.

The emergence of new two-dimensional materials (2DMs), especially the monoelemental materials (Xenes), in various fields of technology for their uses has shown potential nature, additionally, to fundamental science, addressing the new discoveries. The 2DMs Xenes (e.g., Group-IIIA (Borophene (2D-B), Gallenene (2D-Ga), and Aluminene (2D-Al)) Group-IVA (Silicene (2D-Si), Germanene (2D-Ge), Stanene (2D-Sn), and Graphene (2D-G)), Group-VA (Phosphorous (2D-P), Arsenene (2D-As), Antimonene (2D-Sb), and Bismuthene (2D-Bi)), Group-VIA (Tellurene (2D-Te) and Selenene(2D-Se)) for synthetic exploration are chemically tractable materials as considered capable mediators for biomedical applications due to their outstanding chemical, physical, optical and electronic properties, as well as in more than a number of other new bio-uses. In this timely updated review, we explained in detail the categorization of 2D-Xenes derived from their bulkiness properties. We also summarized the modification in synthetic methods of 2D-Xenes as well as their general properties. Moreover, for different biomedical uses the representative 2D-Xenes nanoplatforms are highlighted. At the end of this review, 2D-Xenes in the biomedicines research progress, perspectives, and challenges are discussed.

Rare-earth metal doped barium zirconate (RE⁺-BaZrO₃) materials are ionic and electronic conductors currently showing double functions in the protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). Specifically, RE⁺-BaZrO₃ are relevant as electrode and electrolyte for PCFCs. They have appreciable electron-ionic conductivity (e⁻/H⁺/O²⁻) at moderate temperature (≥500 °C) making them a better choice when compared to other perovskites. However, in these materials (RE⁺-BaZrO₃), challenges such as weak proton uptake and insufficient catalytic sites still exist and need to be addressed. From physic-chemical perspectives, improvement can be made possible through deeper understanding of proton uptake mechanism and catalytic sites resulting from structure engineering_. Based on that, this review focuses on importance of synthesis application for tuning the structural properties of RE⁺-BaZrO₃ materials, and hence enhances their current performances. The current advances made through material modification are discussed too. The main emphasis and discussions are on RE⁺-BaZrO₃ material design as electrode and electrolyte for PCFCs. The reaction mechanisms associated with the material proton uptakes are explicitly discussed. Putting all relevant analytical results into consideration, the primary approaches to improve the performance of the electrode and electrolyte-based on RE⁺-BaZrO₃ materials are indicated.

Titanium dioxide is regarded as a very promising semiconducting material that is widely applied in many everyday-use products, devices, and processes. In general, those applications can be divided into energy or environmental categories, where a high conversion rate, and energy and power density are of particular interest. Therefore, many efforts are being put towards the elaboration of novel production routes, and improving the material's properties such as light absorption, and charge concentration, as well as development of the surface area to improve the efficiency of particular process. Typically, bulk doping and surface modifications can be distinguished, applying some sol-gel, chemical vapour deposition, and hydrothermal processes in the presence of dopant precursors. However, development of waste disposal and many up-scaling optimisation routes have to be performed to consider the proposed path worthy of wide scale, commercial use. In contrast to the wet-chemistry methods, laser technology offers unique material treatment by light of a particular wavelength, fluence, and pulse repetition rate. In consequence, the changes can affect the bulk structure or only its surface. Such an approach provides a wide range of possible modifications without the use of any chemical products, and therefore avoids the formation of any by-products. Moreover, knowing the facile scaling up of laser treatment towards a higher technology readiness level, we believe such an approach stands out from synthesis and/or modification carried out first in small flasks and using small amounts of substrates. In this review, we would like to emphasize the results of selected studies presenting possible laser beam and titania interactions ensuring changes in the surface zone or deeply in the internal structure. The works evoked here indicate that this powerful technique can, among other things, provide slight surface melting of titania nanotubes, their phase transition from an amorphous solid to anatase or, when the fluence exceeds a certain threshold, the ablation of material out of the titania target.

In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential application in photonics and optoelectronics. One of the main limitations in realizing efficient and reliable solid-state devices is the aggregation-caused quenching effect. At a short distance, the mutual interaction among nanoparticles enhances the non-radiative mechanisms, undermining the extraordinary optical properties of CDs. In this review, we have critically analyzed the main strategies for maintaining and empowering the optical properties of CDs from liquid to solid-state. These routes include the preparation of self-quenching-resistant fluorescent CDs and the embedding into different matrices. The material processing and the nature of the chemical environment surrounding the CDs are key parameters for selecting an optically transparent matrix. An optimized host material would preserve the fundamental properties of CDs, but also improve their performances extending the application field. Many types of matrices for CDs have been tested, such as polymers, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, mesoporous and layered materials. Besides, unconventional host materials have also used as a matrix, e.g. acid molecules condensates and inorganic salts. The successful use of CDs is highly relying on their incorporation into a solid-state matrix.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) gained global attention as the most promising energy storing technology for the mobile and stationary applications due to its high energy density, low self-discharge property, long life span, high open-circuit voltage and nearly zero memory effects. However, to meet the growing energy demand, this energy storage technology must be further explored and developed for high power applications. The conventional lithium-ion batteries mainly based on Li-ion intercalation mechanism cannot offer high-charge capacities. To transcend this situation, alloy-type anode and conversion-type anode materials are gaining popularity. This review article focuses on the historical and recent advancements in cathode and anode materials including the future scope of the lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode. Equal emphasis is dedicated in this review to discuss about lithium based and beyond lithium-based anode materials. This review additionally focuses on the role of technological advancements in nanomaterials as a performance improvement technique for new novel anode and cathode materials. Also, this review offers rational cell and material design, perspectives and future challenges to promote the application of these materials in practical lithium-ion batteries.