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Rutas de acceso al léxico en un entorno lexicográfico 词典环境中的词典访问路径
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2021.14242
Ricardo Mairal-Usón, Pamela Faber
This paper examines a set of lexicographic projects with innovative routes of access to lexical knowledge, and which constitute a first step towards a more intelligent dictionary, These projects include: (1) collocation dictionaries that specify the relations between a base word and its collocate; (2) dictionaries that make explicit the semantic and lexical restrictions between a predicate and its arguments; (3) lexical resources that describe the linguistic properties of a lexical entry within the context of its frame or frames of activation; (4) dictionaries that provide a conceptual organization of the definiens, instead of the definiendum. Without a doubt, the Digital Era (artificial intelligence, data and text mining, and machine learning) has opened up a vast range of possibilities, which will lead to intelligent lexicographic resources that are more intelligent and interconnected. This chapter concludes with some ideas and proposals about the characteristics of a dictionary 5.0 of the future.
本文研究了一组具有获取词汇知识创新途径的词典编纂项目,这些项目构成了迈向更智能词典的第一步。这些项目包括:(1)指定基本词与其搭配词之间关系的搭配词典;(2) 明确谓词及其自变量之间的语义和词汇限制的词典;(3) 词汇资源,描述词汇条目在其激活框架或多个激活框架的上下文中的语言特性;(4) 字典,提供定义的概念组织,而不是定义。毫无疑问,数字时代(人工智能、数据和文本挖掘以及机器学习)开辟了广阔的可能性,这将导致智能词典资源更加智能和互联。本章最后对未来5.0词典的特点提出了一些看法和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Promotional rhetorical strategies in topic generalizations of increasing specificity 专一性日益增强的主题概括中的促进修辞策略
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2021.14445
A. Baibatyrova, Sholpan K. Zharkynbekova
This study explores the rhetorical strategies employed in topic generalizations of increasing specificity in the introductions from the leading peer-reviewed journals. Specifically, we identified the substeps in Move1-Step1, which show how the writers promote the significance of the research area. The qualitative approach enabled us to distinguish eight substeps provisionally outlining the common patterning of the discourse and to analyze the linguistic choices enhancing the persuasiveness of claims. Citation, attitude markers, boosters and hedges have been found the most effective devices for preserving balance between assertion and concession. The quantitative analysis of the texts defined the frequency rate of the substeps discerned including their total sum of occurrences and percentages per introduction. The substep level analysis has contributed to scrutinizing the subtle communicative functions of the rhetorical strategies in the textual structure.
本研究探讨了主要同行评议期刊引言中主题概括的修辞策略。具体来说,我们识别了Move1-Step1中的子步骤,这些子步骤显示了作者如何促进研究领域的意义。定性方法使我们能够区分出八个子步骤,暂时概述了话语的常见模式,并分析了增强主张说服力的语言选择。引证、态度标记、助推器和模糊限制语是保持主张和让步之间平衡的最有效手段。对文本的定量分析确定了所识别的子步骤的频率,包括它们的出现总数和每次介绍的百分比。子阶分析有助于观察语篇结构中修辞策略的微妙交际功能。
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引用次数: 1
Old English verbs of increasing: the semantics and syntax of change in size 表示增加的古英语动词:大小变化的语义和句法
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2021.14700
Miguel Lacalle Palacios
This article aims at defining a class of Old English verbs of increasing based on both their common semantic components and grammatical behavior. On the theoretical side, the framework of verb classes and alternations is combined with Role and Reference Grammar. The data selected for this study have been extracted from both textual and lexicographical sources. After the analysis of the linking between syntax and semantics in this set of verbs, the conclusion is reached that āðindan, āweaxan, ēacan, (ge)ēacnian and (ge)weaxan are the best candidates for membership of the verbal class of increasing, considering the constructions and alternations that they present.
本文旨在根据古英语中常见的语义成分和语法行为来定义一类增长动词。在理论方面,动词类和替换的框架与角色语法和参考语法相结合。为本研究选择的数据是从文本和词典学来源中提取的。在分析了这组动词的句法和语义之间的联系后,得出结论:考虑到它们所呈现的结构和变化,āabl indan、āweaxan、ēacan、(ge)ēacnian和(ge)weaxan是增加类动词成员的最佳候选者。
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引用次数: 2
Passive voice, first person pronouns and mental process verbs in the physical sciences reseach article 物理科学研究中的被动语态、第一人称代词和心理过程动词
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2021.14434
David Banks
Recent studies have suggested that there has been a decrease in passive use, and an increase in the use of first person pronouns in scientific writing. This study looks at six sample texts from the physical sciences. The correlation between low passive use and use of first person pronoun subjects is only partial. The influx of verbs of a mathematical nature in recent decades has led to an increase in verbs of mental process. These lend themselves more easily to the use of first person pronouns. There are now two models available, a progressive model using fewer passives and a number of first person pronoun subjects, and a traditional model using passive forms extensively and avoiding first person pronoun subjects.
最近的研究表明,在科学写作中,被动代词的使用有所减少,而第一人称代词的使用有所增加。这项研究着眼于六个来自物理科学的样本文本。低被动语态与第一人称主语的使用之间只是部分相关。近几十年来,数学性质的动词大量涌入,导致了心理过程动词的增加。这些人更容易使用第一人称代词。现在有两种可用的模式,一种是渐进模式,使用较少的被动语态和一些第一人称代词主语,另一种是传统模式,广泛使用被动语态,避免使用第一人称代词主语。
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引用次数: 1
A mixed-methods study of online learning in the EFL classroom 外语课堂在线学习的混合方法研究
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2021.13950
C. Girón-García, Sorina Boghiu-Balaur
The need to adapt classroom materials to maintain students’ interest to learn the subject matter in an engaging environment, by means of Information and Communication Technologies, becomes a first concern. The purpose of this mixed-methods study, which involves a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data analyses, is to survey the perceptions and engagement of higher education students as regards learning theoretical content and vocabulary through the implementation of two online called ‘Cybertasks’. The participants were administered two perception questionnaires in order to gather information concerning their previous knowledge and their acquired knowledge. Additionally, a final written exam was delivered to determine whether there is a correlation between students’ satisfaction with Cybertask completion and their academic achievement. The results indicate that students with higher levels of engagement towards the use of the Cybertask to improve their acquisition of theoretical content and vocabulary showed higher academic achievement in their final exam. 
需要通过信息和通信技术调整课堂材料,以保持学生在引人入胜的环境中学习主题的兴趣,这成为首要关注的问题。这项混合方法研究结合了定性和定量数据分析,旨在通过实施两项名为“网络任务”的在线任务,调查高等教育学生对学习理论内容和词汇的看法和参与度。参与者接受了两份感知问卷调查,以收集有关他们以前的知识和获得的知识的信息。此外,还进行了期末笔试,以确定学生对完成Cybertask的满意度与学业成绩之间是否存在相关性。研究结果表明,在使用网络任务来提高理论内容和词汇习得的过程中,参与程度越高的学生在期末考试中表现出越高的学业成绩。
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引用次数: 2
Vom Matrixsatz zum Diskursmaker: Die Grammatikalisierung von Hauptsache 从句子和句子的自然符号
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2021.14161
Ferran Robles Sabater
This paper has a double purpose. On the one hand, it intends to prove the existence of a discourse marker (DM) Hauptsache. This element preserves the core conceptual meaning of the homonymous noun, but differs from it with regard to its morphosyntactic and semantic features as well as to its discourse-organizing, information structuring, and modal functions. On the other hand, the emergence of Hauptsache as a discourse particle is explained on the grounds of a grammaticalization process similar to the ones described for the prototypical German DMs. Evidence drawn from a corpus of German and Austrian parliamentary protocols will show in which ways the six fundamental processes implied in the grammaticalization of DMs (decategorization, scope expansion, subjectification, persistence, syntactic fixation, phonetic and/or morphosyntactic reduction) can be found in the evolution from the matrix clause die Hauptsache is to the monolexematic Hauptsache. The paper ends with a brief discussion of the formal, semantical, and functional characteristics of Hauptsache.
这张纸有双重用途。一方面,本文试图证明话语标记(DM)的存在性。这一要素保留了同音名词的核心概念意义,但在形态句法和语义特征以及话语组织、信息结构和情态功能方面与同音名词有所不同。另一方面,Hauptsache作为语篇小品的出现是基于类似于典型德语dm的语法化过程。从德国和奥地利议会协议语料库中提取的证据将表明,在从矩阵子句die Hauptsache is到单例Hauptsache的演变中,可以发现DMs语法化中隐含的六个基本过程(去范畴化、范围扩展、主体化、持久性、句法固定、语音和/或形态句法还原)。本文最后简要讨论了豪普萨奇语的形式、语义和功能特征。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualización de entidades terminológicas en una subontología de derecho penal: análisis del concepto superordinado +DRUG_00 en FunGramKb 刑法子本体论中术语实体的概念化:FunGramKb中的超级概念+DRUG_00分析
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4995/rlyla.2020.12772
A. F. Lago, Pedro Ureña Gómez-Moreno
Este articulo describe las fases de construccion de una ontologia terminologica dentro de la arquitectura de FunGramKB, una base de conocimiento lexico-conceptual para el procesamiento computacional del lenguaje natural. La descomposicion semantica de la terminologia compleja se realiza siguiendo el proceso COHERENT, esto es, una metodologia gradual para la formalizacion de conceptos especializados. Para tratar de ilustrar este proceso hemos seleccionado el concepto +DRUG_00, asi como otros conceptos subordinados, tales como $METHAMPHETAMINE_00, $CANNABIS_00 y $COCAINE_00 pertenecientes al dominio de las sustancias estupefacientes (drogas). Las definiciones de los conceptos seleccionados se basan en COREL, un metalenguaje de interfaz inspirado en algunos principios generales de la Gramatica del Rol y la Referencia (GRR). Como resultado del proceso de modelado, subsuncion y jerarquizacion, la ruta conceptual superior de la ontologia se representa en la Ontologia Satelite dentro de FunGramKB segun el siguiente esquema: #ENTITY > #PHYSICAL > #OBJECT > #SELF_CONNECTED_OBJECT > +ARTIFICIAL_OBJECT_00 > +SUBSTANCE_00 > +SOLID_00 > +DRUG_00.
本文描述了Fungramkb体系结构中术语本体的构建阶段,Fungramkb是一个用于自然语言计算处理的词汇概念知识库。复杂术语的语义分解是按照连贯的过程进行的,即专业概念形式化的渐进方法。为了说明这一过程,我们选择了+drug_00概念,以及其他从属概念,如$methamphetamine_00、$cannabis_00和$cocaine_00,属于麻醉药品(毒品)领域。所选概念的定义基于Corel,这是一种界面元语言,灵感来自角色和参考语法(GRR)的一些一般原则。作为建模、子功能和层次化过程的结果,本体的高级概念路径在FungramkB内的卫星本体中按照以下模式表示:#Entity>#Physical>#Object>#Self_Connected_Object>+人工对象_00>+Substance_00>+Solid_00>+Drug_00。
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引用次数: 1
El tratamiento de la expresión convencional y ritualizada en el proceso de mediación lingüística Español-Italiano: una experimentación en el contexto universitario italiano 西班牙语-意大利语语言调解过程中传统和仪式化表达的处理:意大利大学背景下的实验
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4995/rlyla.2020.11836
G. Trovato
This paper deals with the treatment of conventional and ritualized expression in interlinguistic communication carried out throughout the mediation process from a contrastive perspective (Spanish-Italian). According to the theoretical postulates of Collados Ais and Fernandez Sanchez (2001), we will carry out an analysis of this linguistic phenomenon. From a corpus of premade scripts focused on the didactics of Spanish-Italian liaison interpreting, we will address the contrastive problems related to the process of interlinguistic mediation and undertake a series of reflections on the performances of a group of third-year students of a degree course in Linguistic Mediation from the University of Messina (Italy). To perform a more systematic analysis, the performances were recorded and subsequently transcribed. From there, the comparison between Spanish and Italian was undertaken. Next, we will focus on the translation operations carried out by the students, and on the degree of correctness and communicative effectiveness. For the purposes of the study , a qualitative methodology as well as the action research have been adopted.
本文从对比的角度探讨了在整个调解过程中进行的语际交际中传统表达和仪式化表达的处理。根据Collados Ais和Fernandez Sanchez(2001)的理论假设,我们将对这一语言现象进行分析。我们将从集中于西班牙-意大利联络口译教学的预制脚本语料库中,解决与语言间调解过程相关的对比问题,并对墨西拿大学(意大利)语言调解学位课程的一组三年级学生的表现进行一系列反思。为了进行更系统的分析,表演被记录下来并随后转录。在此基础上,对西班牙语和意大利语进行了比较。接下来,我们将重点关注学生进行的翻译操作,以及正确程度和交际有效性。为了研究的目的,采用了定性方法和行动研究。
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引用次数: 0
Usos de la preposición “a”: procesamiento cognitivo en la corrección de errores en aprendientes de ELE 介词“A”的使用:ELE学习者纠错的认知加工
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4995/rlyla.2020.12218
Anita Ferreira, René Edgardo Oportus Torres
Este estudio examina experimentalmente el tiempo de respuesta (rt.’response time’) (Jiang 2012) de procesamiento de dos tipos de feedback correctivo escrito (FCE) durante el tratamiento de errores de la preposicion a en los usos de fecha, modo, y marcador del complemento directo. Los FCE investigados son el feedback metalinguistico directo (FCMD) y el indirecto (FCMI), cuyos rt son analizados en funcion de la efectividad y las variables de competencia (A2 y B1) y lengua materna (aleman, frances e ingles) de los sujetos. Entre los hallazgos destaca el mayor rt que generan el procesamiento del FCMI, y los usos de modo, y de fecha. Respecto de este ultimo, se observa un mayor rt en el nivel B1. Ademas, el rt parece ser afectado por la lengua materna, con menores cargas en L1 ingles, y mayores en aleman y frances. Este trabajo aporta evidencia sobre la naturaleza compleja del procesamiento del FCE, en particular sobre el tratamiento de errores de la preposicion a.
本研究通过实验考察了两种书面纠正反馈(FCE)在处理介词在日期、方式和直接补语标记使用中的错误时的反应时间(RT.“反应时间”)(姜2012)。研究的FCE是直接元语言反馈(FCMD)和间接元语言反馈(FCMI),其RT根据受试者的有效性和能力变量(A2和B1)以及母语(德语、法语和英语)进行分析。在这些发现中,最突出的是FCMI处理产生的最大RT,以及模式和日期的使用。与后者相比,B1级的RT更高。此外,RT似乎受到母语的影响,英语L1的负荷较低,德语和法语的负荷较高。这项工作证明了FCE处理的复杂性,特别是介词错误的处理。
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引用次数: 0
La selección temática del vocabulario para fines didácticos: evaluación de un acercamiento cuantitativo 教学目的词汇的主题选择:定量方法的评估
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4995/RLYLA.2020.11969
Jasper Degraeuwe, Patrick Goethals
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar los resultados de un acercamiento cuantitativo a la seleccion tematica del vocabulario con fines didacticos. Describimos en detalle como se configuran y se combinan tres medidas cuantitativas (la frecuencia absoluta, el keyness y la dispersion) a fin de automatizar la seleccion del vocabulario especifico de un corpus especializado. A continuacion evaluamos si la seleccion automatica se ve confirmada por el juicio de profesores ELE. Hemos podido comprobar, en efecto, que en mas del 85% de los casos el resultado del metodo cuantitativo es confirmado por al menos la mitad de los profesores. Esta observacion tambien se evidencia estadisticamente, con un test de interrater reliability que demuestra un acuerdo sustancial (Cohen’s kappa = 0,61) entre el juicio de los profesores y la seleccion automatica.
这项研究的目的是评估为教学目的对词汇主题选择采取定量方法的结果。我们详细描述了三个定量测量(绝对频率、关键性和分散性)是如何配置和组合的,以自动选择专业语料库中的特定词汇。然后我们评估自动选择是否得到了ELE教师的判断的确认。事实上,我们已经能够证实,在85%以上的病例中,定量方法的结果得到了至少一半教师的证实。这一观察在统计上也得到了证明,一项指标间可靠性测试表明,教师的判断和自动选择之间存在实质性的一致性(Cohen's Kappa=0.61)。
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引用次数: 0
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