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The Role of NGOs in International Relations and Public Diplomacy 非政府组织在国际关系和公共外交中的作用
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-1-110-123
N. V. Burlinova
The paper examines Russia’s and the EU’s approaches to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as instruments of public diplomacy (PD). As the EU and Russia increasingly instrumentalize NGOs in their foreign policy, which seems to erode trust in their already burdened relations, the topic presents an opportunity to compare the mechanisms of government–NGO interaction in Russia and EU. The specifi c forms, roots, and aims of this phenomenon have often been overlooked in academic research. To these ends, the author looks into diff erent views and practices of Brussels and Moscow in terms of supporting and fi nancing NGOs in the sphere of public diplomacy. The study demonstrates that the EU’s approach is characterized by signifi cant funding of NGOs abroad as part of governmental public diplomacy eff orts. On the other hand, the Russian approach is mostly characterized by funding of national NGOs, which then implement public diplomacy projects aligned with government policies abroad.
本文考察了俄罗斯和欧盟将非政府组织(ngo)作为公共外交工具的做法。随着欧盟和俄罗斯在外交政策中越来越多地将非政府组织作为工具,这似乎削弱了他们对本已负担沉重的关系的信任,本主题提供了一个比较俄罗斯和欧盟政府-非政府组织互动机制的机会。这一现象的具体形式、根源和目的在学术研究中往往被忽视。为此,作者分析了布鲁塞尔和莫斯科在公共外交领域支持和资助非政府组织方面的不同观点和做法。研究表明,欧盟的做法的特点是大量资助境外非政府组织,作为政府公共外交努力的一部分。另一方面,俄罗斯的做法主要是通过资助本国的非政府组织,然后由它们执行与政府海外政策一致的公共外交项目。
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引用次数: 0
Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption: Opportunities for International Cooperation and Results of Activities 《联合国反腐败公约》缔约国会议:国际合作的机会和活动的结果
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-1-83-93
E. Kovtun
The format of international cooperation of the Conference of the Countries Participating in the UN Convention against Corruption, on the one hand, continues the traditions of international intergovernmental organizations, and on the other hand, represents a new format of interaction between states in the fi eld of anti-corruption activities, which has distinctive features. The Conference has a pivotal role in international cooperation on the prevention and combating of corruption due to the wide area of activities and the number of participants. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the features of the functioning of the Conference of the Countries Participating in the UN Convention against Corruption and the results of its activities since 2006. Using the analysis of documents and scientifi c publications, the author concludes that despite the importance of the Conference as a platform for multilateral dialogue, the countries participating in the United Nations Convention against Corruption failed to achieve signifi cant progress in the declared areas of activity. The author highlights the main diffi culties faced by states in implementing anti-corruption measures based on the norms of international law.
《联合国反腐败公约》缔约国会议这一国际合作形式,一方面延续了政府间国际组织的传统,另一方面代表了各国在反腐败领域开展互动的新形式,具有鲜明的特色。会议在预防和打击腐败的国际合作方面发挥着关键作用,因为活动范围广泛,与会者众多。本文的目的是分析2006年以来《联合国反腐败公约》参加国会议的运作特点及其活动成果。通过对文件和科学出版物的分析,作者得出结论,尽管会议作为多边对话的平台具有重要意义,但参加《联合国反腐败公约》的国家未能在宣布的活动领域取得重大进展。作者强调了各国在实施基于国际法准则的反腐败措施时面临的主要困难。
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引用次数: 0
International Organizations are Here to Stay 国际组织将继续存在
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-1-12-23
J. Klabbers
Jan Klabbers is a Dutch Professor at the University of Helsinki. He is a Member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters, a member of the editorial board of the European Journal of International Law. Klabbers is the author of The Concept of Treaty in International Law (1996), An Introduction to International Institutional Law (2002, 3rd edition 2015), co-editor of Towards Responsible Global Governance (2018). Professor Klabbers has also published around 200 book chapters and articles (in the European Journal of International Law, International Organizations Law Review etc.) He is famous for delivering lectures during visiting positions at NYU Law School (2009-10), the Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies (2008, 2013, 2015), and the University of Paris-II and Paris-I (2011, 2017).
Jan Klabbers是赫尔辛基大学的荷兰教授。他是芬兰科学与文学院的成员,也是《欧洲国际法杂志》的编委会成员。克拉伯斯著有《国际法中的条约概念》(1996年)、《国际机构法概论》(2002年,2015年第3版)、《走向负责任的全球治理》(2018年)等著作。他在纽约大学法学院(2009-10年)、国际与发展研究所(2008年、2013年、2015年)、巴黎第二大学和巴黎第一大学(2011年、2017年)担任访问学者期间发表了约200篇书籍章节和文章。
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引用次数: 1
European Union in Promotion of Global Governance in the UN System 欧盟在促进联合国系统全球治理中的作用
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-1-94-109
A. Boyashov
Having evolved since the 1990s into a political and ideological concept, global governance has become one of the priorities of the program documents of EU states and institutions, today formulated as “rules-based order”. A distinctive feature of this concept is the “blurring” of interstate interaction on the world stage in favor of non-state and supranational interaction. Under global governance, there is allegedly no hierarchy between state actors and nonstate or supra-state actors. This article critically examines this thesis with the help of the sociological theory of diff erentiation. According to diff erentiation theory, the state does not remain on the sidelines of global governance but takes the lead in the hierarchy of levels of world politics. The fi nal part of the article deals with the principles of EU coordination in the UN system. To promote ideas of global governance, the EU aims at major reform of the UN through intertwining intergovernmental interaction with nongovernmental interaction. This model is used especially often when non-core issues (e.g., human rights or climate in the Security Council) are considered in a UN body, allowing for broader participation in negotiations and, from a strategic perspective, a revision of the UN Charter. The main conclusion of the article is that the EU’s actions in the UN system refute the position of global governance that there is no hierarchy between the interstate and supranational levels of world politics. Despite the active promotion of global governance by the EU states, the EU itself is based on interstate coordination and a rigid hierarchy among states, as well as between states and nongovernmental actors.
自上世纪90年代以来,全球治理已演变为一种政治和意识形态概念,成为欧盟国家和机构纲领性文件的重点之一,如今被表述为“基于规则的秩序”。这一概念的一个显著特征是,在世界舞台上,国家间互动的“模糊化”,有利于非国家和超国家的互动。据称,在全球治理下,国家行为体与非国家或超国家行为体之间没有等级关系。本文借助社会学的分化理论对这一论题进行了批判性的考察。根据分化理论,国家不是处于全球治理的边缘,而是在世界政治的层次结构中处于主导地位。文章的最后一部分论述了欧盟在联合国系统中的协调原则。为推动全球治理理念,欧盟致力于通过政府间互动与非政府互动相结合的方式,对联合国进行重大改革。这一模式在联合国机构审议非核心问题(例如安理会的人权或气候问题)时尤其常用,允许更广泛地参与谈判,并从战略角度修订《联合国宪章》。本文的主要结论是,欧盟在联合国系统中的行动驳斥了全球治理的立场,即世界政治的国家间和超国家层面之间没有等级关系。尽管欧盟国家积极推动全球治理,但欧盟本身是建立在国家间协调和国家之间以及国家与非政府行为体之间严格的等级制度的基础上的。
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引用次数: 0
Segmenting Reviewers Based on Reviewer and Review Characteristics 基于评审员和评审特征对评审员进行细分
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.303115
H. Sharma, A. Aggarwal
Being experiential commodities, it becomes difficult to make any judgment about hotels or attractions before their utilization. This is where the reviews provided by guests/tourists play an influential role. Therefore, it becomes imperative to study in-depth characteristics of reviewers through which such valuable information is diffused, and also classifying them into various categories based on it. This study adopts a two-stage methodology to segment reviewers based on the reviewer as well as review characteristics. In the first stage, factors that help in evaluating a reviewer are formulated using factor analysis. Later on, cluster analysis is performed for the segmentation of reviewers. Finally, the obtained reviewers' segments are validated using external validation methods. The study comes up with various implications that could be profitable for business managers in selecting the reviewer community.
酒店或景点作为体验商品,在使用之前很难对其进行任何判断。这就是客人/游客提供的评论发挥重要作用的地方。因此,深入研究这些有价值信息传播的审稿人的特征,并以此为基础对其进行分类就变得势在必行。本研究采用两阶段的方法,根据审稿人和审稿人特征对审稿人进行分割。在第一阶段,使用因子分析制定有助于评估审稿人的因素。随后,对评论者进行聚类分析。最后,使用外部验证方法验证获得的审稿人的片段。该研究提出了各种可能对业务经理在选择评审群体时有益的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Models to Characterize Trade-Offs Between Technological Upgrading and Innovation 技术升级与创新权衡的分析模型
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.288515
C. Liu, Young Chan
We propose two analytical models to characterize the relationship between technological upgrading and innovation in the oil & gas industry. The first one is an “optimization model” which focuses on the trade-offs between profit maximization and environmental compliance cost. The other has been developed based on “predator-prey” model which captures the dynamics of biological systems. Our study contributes to the strategic planning process for sustainable development by providing the insight that optimal allocation process is determined by multiple operational factors, including a firm’s competitive ranking among its industrial competitors, industrial consent on the concurrent rate of return on capital investment, the projected demand of oil & gas in future, and a change in environmental compliance cost. Further, we add to the robustness of the optimal allocation process by providing binding conditions of the set of solutions.
我们提出了两个分析模型来描述石油和天然气行业技术升级和创新之间的关系。第一个是“优化模型”,它关注利润最大化和环境合规成本之间的权衡。另一种是基于捕捉生物系统动力学的“捕食者-猎物”模型开发的。我们的研究有助于可持续发展的战略规划过程,因为我们了解到最优分配过程是由多个运营因素决定的,包括企业在行业竞争对手中的竞争排名、行业对资本投资同期回报率的同意、未来石油和天然气的预计需求,以及环境合规成本的变化。此外,我们通过提供解集的绑定条件来增加最优分配过程的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
A Patent Analysis on Big Data Projects 大数据项目专利分析
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.288516
G. Grander, L. F. Silva, E. D. Gonzalez
Studies concerning Big Data patents have been published; however, research investigating Big Data projects is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory analysis of a patent database to collect information about the characteristics of registered patents related to Big Data projects. We searched for patents related to Big Data projects in the Espacenet database on January 10, 2021, and identified 109 records.. The textual analysis detected three word classes interpreted as (i) a direction to cloud computing, (ii) optimization of solutions, and (iii) storage and data sharing structures. Our results also revealed emerging technologies such as Blockchain and the Internet of Things, which are utilized in Big Data project solutions. This observation demonstrates the importance that has been given to solutions that facilitate decision-making in an increasingly data-driven context. As a contribution, we understand that this study endorses a group of researchers that has been dedicated to academic research on patent documents.
大数据专利相关研究成果发表;然而,关于大数据项目的研究却很少。因此,本研究的目的是对专利数据库进行探索性分析,以收集与大数据项目相关的注册专利特征信息。我们于2021年1月10日在Espacenet数据库中检索了与大数据项目相关的专利,发现了109条记录。文本分析发现了三个词类,解释为(i)云计算方向,(ii)解决方案优化,以及(iii)存储和数据共享结构。我们的研究结果还揭示了区块链和物联网等新兴技术在大数据项目解决方案中的应用。这一观察结果表明,在日益数据驱动的背景下,促进决策的解决方案非常重要。作为一项贡献,我们理解这项研究认可了一组致力于专利文献学术研究的研究人员。
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引用次数: 1
The Adoption and Utilization of Electronic Business in Response to the Global Economy During COVID-19 新冠肺炎期间为应对全球经济而采用和利用电子商务
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.288518
J. B. Awotunde, R. Ogundokun, E. Adeniyi, S. Misra, G. J. Ajamu
The COVID-19 epidemic has triggered unmatched impairment to businesses globally. There are unmeasurable financial influences in the short-term and long-term and have causes intangible destruction within businesses. This study investigates the adoption and utilization of e-business during COVID-19 by both organizations and the general populaces. The study used a questionnaire-based survey to collect data from top managers of business organizations and their clients. SPSS was used to analyze the adoption factors. The outcomes presented that embracing e-business can assist to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and can reduce the physical ways of doing business. The findings of this study will help strategy makers, companies, and officials in making better decisions on the implementation of e-business. This will reduce the rapid spread of community transmission since ordering goods and services can easily be done virtually without physical contact, which goes in line with the social distance policy and in return boost the country’s economy
新冠肺炎疫情对全球企业造成了前所未有的损害。短期和长期的财务影响无法衡量,并对企业造成无形的破坏。本研究调查了在2019冠状病毒病期间组织和普通民众对电子商务的采用和利用情况。该研究采用了基于问卷的调查方式,从商业组织的高层管理人员及其客户那里收集数据。采用SPSS统计软件对采用因素进行分析。结果表明,采用电子商务可以帮助减少COVID-19的传播,并可以减少开展业务的实际方式。这项研究的结果将有助于战略制定者、公司和官员在实施电子商务方面做出更好的决策。这将减少社区传播的快速传播,因为订购商品和服务可以很容易地在没有身体接触的情况下进行,这符合社会距离政策,从而促进国家的经济发展
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of Data-Complexity and Team Characteristics on Performance in the Classification Model 分类模型中数据复杂性和团队特征对绩效的影响
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.288517
V. Pungpapong, Prasert Kanawattanachai
This article investigates the impact of data-complexity and team-specific characteristics on machine learning competition scores. Data from five real-world binary classification competitions hosted on Kaggle.com were analyzed. The data-complexity characteristics were measured in four aspects including standard measures, sparsity measures, class imbalance measures, and feature-based measures. The results showed that the higher the level of the data-complexity characteristics was, the lower the predictive ability of the machine learning model was as well. Our empirical evidence revealed that the imbalance ratio of the target variable was the most important factor and exhibited a nonlinear relationship with the model’s predictive abilities. The imbalance ratio adversely affected the predictive performance when it reached a certain level. However, mixed results were found for the impact of team-specific characteristics measured by team size, team expertise, and the number of submissions on team performance. For high-performing teams, these factors had no impact on team score.
本文研究了数据复杂性和团队特定特征对机器学习竞赛分数的影响。我们分析了在Kaggle.com上举办的五场真实世界的二元分类比赛的数据。从标准度量、稀疏度量、类不平衡度量和基于特征的度量四个方面度量数据复杂性特征。结果表明,数据复杂度特征水平越高,机器学习模型的预测能力越低。实证结果表明,目标变量的失衡率是最重要的影响因素,且与模型的预测能力呈非线性关系。当失衡比达到一定水平时,会对预测性能产生不利影响。然而,通过团队规模、团队专业知识和提交的数量来衡量团队特定特征对团队绩效的影响,发现了不同的结果。对于高绩效团队,这些因素对团队得分没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing the Effects of Weather Conditions on Container Terminal Operations Using Machine Learning 利用机器学习分析天气条件对集装箱码头运营的影响
IF 1.1 Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.298016
Üstün Atak, Tolga Kaya, Yasin Arslanoğlu
Container ships transport a large number of valuable cargoes, and there is a demand for less expensive and faster transportation options. Weather, vessel type, and the nature and amount of the goods are all external elements that might impact container handling times, which are directly related to overall port stay time. In this scope, container terminal operations could be optimised with the help of historical data which provides access to classification and prediction of the cargo handling operations. In this study, the real-time data of a container terminal operation is analysed with different machine learning techniques along with the Fuzzy C-Means clustering method. The results show that Fuzzy C-Means clustering has a positive impact on the explanatory power of models in container terminal operations. The research revealed that an increase in wind speed influences cargo handling time for mobile cranes.
集装箱船运输大量贵重货物,人们需要更便宜、更快的运输选择。天气、船型、货物的性质和数量都是可能影响集装箱装卸时间的外部因素,这直接关系到整个港口停留时间。在这个范围内,集装箱码头的操作可以在历史数据的帮助下进行优化,这些数据提供了对货物处理操作的分类和预测。在本研究中,采用不同的机器学习技术以及模糊c均值聚类方法分析了集装箱码头操作的实时数据。结果表明,模糊c均值聚类对集装箱码头运营模型的解释能力有正向影响。研究表明,风速的增加会影响移动起重机的货物处理时间。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Business Analytics
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