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A Non-Universal Global: On Jewish Writing and World Literature 非普世的全球:论犹太写作与世界文学
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.36.1-2.01
Lital Levy, Allison Schachter
Abstract:In our introduction to this special issue of Prooftexts, we continue our collaborative investigation of the multifacted relationship between Jewish literature and world literature, critiquing the dominant scholarly paradigms informing each of these two discourses. We argue that the decentered model of Jewish literatures exposes the limits of a world literature model defined through literary competition and exchange between nations, where "the world" is implicitly constructed from a majoritarian viewpoint. Here we characterize the relationship between Jewish literature and world literature in terms of the "nonuniversal global": our term for the paradoxical condition of a global diaspora that is at once cosmopolitan and marked by its minority status. We draw upon the eight essays included in the issue to interrogate the relationship between World Literature and Jewish culture by focusing on how different modern Jewish writers understood the significance of "the world" in the context of their literary practice. Adducing the work of our contributors, we demonstrate how modern Jewish writing in sites across the globe and in a range of economic and political systems emerged asking questions of its own world status and its tranlatability. With emphases on questions of (un)translatability, cosmopolitanism, and diaspora, the eight essays in this issue illuminate our arguments through their analyses of the multiple trajectories of Jewish cultural modernity.
摘要:在本期《校对》特刊的导言中,我们将继续对犹太文学与世界文学之间的多重关系进行合作调查,并对影响这两种话语的主要学术范式进行批判。我们认为,犹太文学的去中心化模式暴露了通过国家之间的文学竞争和交流来定义的世界文学模式的局限性,在这种模式中,“世界”是隐含地从多数主义的观点构建的。在这里,我们用“非普遍的全球”来描述犹太文学和世界文学之间的关系:我们用这个术语来描述全球流散的矛盾状况,这种流散既是世界主义的,又是以其少数民族地位为标志的。我们利用这期杂志中的八篇文章,通过关注不同的现代犹太作家如何在他们的文学实践背景下理解“世界”的意义,来探讨世界文学与犹太文化之间的关系。引用我们的贡献者的工作,我们展示了现代犹太作品如何在全球各地的网站和一系列经济和政治制度中出现,并提出了自己的世界地位和可翻译性的问题。这期的八篇文章通过分析犹太文化现代性的多重轨迹,重点讨论了(非)可译性、世界主义和流散等问题。
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引用次数: 7
Jewish Alienation through a Ukrainian Looking Glass: Dovid Hofshteyn's Translations of Taras Shevchenko 从乌克兰的镜子看犹太人的异化:戴维·霍夫斯泰恩对塔拉斯·舍甫琴科的翻译
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.36.1-2.04
A. Glaser
Abstract:The Soviet Yiddish poet Dovid Hofshteyn (1889–1952) is one of the best-known Yiddish-language modernist writers. During the 1930s, however, Hofshteyn's primary literary genre was translation, particularly from Russian and Ukrainian—languages he knew well enough to have written poetry in himself. This article addresses Hofshteyn's translations of the Ukrainian Romantic poet Taras Shevchenko (1814–1861) into Yiddish. Hofshteyn's translations of Shevchenko appeared primarily in the 1930s, years of increased strictures on Soviet original poetry—especially the poetry of Soviet minorities. These translations, however, exemplify a creative appropriation of a neighboring culture in order to express contemporary concerns about Jewish culture. As this article shall demonstrate, translation from Ukrainian allowed Hofshteyn to express modern Jewish themes of alienation in terms acceptable to the increasingly Russo-centric world of Soviet internationalism.
摘要:苏联意第绪语诗人戴维·霍夫施泰因(1889-1952)是最著名的意第绪语现代主义作家之一。然而,在20世纪30年代,霍夫斯廷的主要文学类型是翻译,尤其是俄语和乌克兰语的翻译,他对这些语言非常熟悉,甚至可以自己写诗。这篇文章讨论了霍夫斯泰恩将乌克兰浪漫主义诗人塔拉斯舍甫琴科(1814-1861)翻译成意第绪语。霍夫斯泰恩对舍甫琴科的翻译主要出现在20世纪30年代,那是对苏联原创诗歌,尤其是苏联少数民族诗歌越来越严格的年代。然而,为了表达当代对犹太文化的关注,这些翻译体现了对邻近文化的创造性挪用。正如本文将展示的那样,从乌克兰语翻译允许霍夫斯廷以苏联国际主义日益以俄罗斯为中心的世界所接受的术语来表达现代犹太人的异化主题。
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引用次数: 0
Ho! and the Transnational Turn in Contemporary Israeli Poetry 喂!以及当代以色列诗歌的跨国转向
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.36.1-2.06
Adriana X. Jacobs
Abstract:Since its 2005 inaugural issue, the Israeli literary journal Ho! has situated translation at the center of its efforts to revitalize and redirect the flows of contemporary Hebrew poetry from the Israeli local to an expanding global network of Israeli writers and poets who live in translational states, living and working outside of Israel and, in several cases, in other languages. Ho!'s commitment to translation is closely connected to its embrace of a transnational model of Hebrew literature. In this article, I examine the critical reception of Ho!'s first issues and the debates that followed between its authors and critics over what constitutes the Israeli here and now, a question that also forces a reevaluation of where Hebrew literature's diasporic past—and present—is located in contemporary Israeli culture. By retracing the comparative and multilingual encounters of modern Hebrew literature's Jewish, diasporic past, and reengaging these encounters via translation, Ho! advances a transnational model as the present and future of Israeli literature.
摘要:自2005年创刊以来,以色列文学杂志《Ho!将翻译置于其努力的中心,以振兴和重新引导当代希伯来诗歌的流动,从以色列本地流向不断扩大的以色列作家和诗人的全球网络,他们生活在翻译国家,生活和工作在以色列以外,在一些情况下,用其他语言。喂!它对翻译的承诺与它对希伯来文学跨国模式的拥抱密切相关。在这篇文章中,我考察了《Ho!》这本书的第一期,以及随后作者和评论家之间关于什么构成了现在的以色列人的争论,这个问题也迫使人们重新评估希伯来文学流散的过去和现在在当代以色列文化中的位置。通过追溯现代希伯来文学的犹太流散过去的比较和多语言遭遇,并通过翻译重新参与这些遭遇,嗬!提出了一种跨国模式,作为以色列文学的现在和未来。
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引用次数: 2
Between the World and the Yishuv: The Translation of Knut Hamsun's Markens grøde as a Zionist Sacred Text 在世界与伊休夫之间:克努特·哈姆生的《Markens grode》作为犹太复国主义圣典的翻译
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.36.1-2.05
Karen Grumberg
Abstract:Hebrew literary culture in the early twentieth century relied as much on the translation of "great books" of world literature as it did on the production of original Hebrew works. Knut Hamsun's Norwegian novel Markens grøde, translated into Hebrew as Birkat ha-adamah by Nissan Touroff for Stybel Press in 1921, was one of many such books. However, partly because its themes resonate deeply with Labor Zionist ideology, Birkat ha-adamah held a special place in the Yishuv. Touroff's translation conveys the universality of Hamsun's Romantic ideas about proximity to nature and agricultural settlement, but also forges a particular link to Zionism: certain translation choices suggest that Touroff restores an absent biblical original through his Hebrew. In this essay, I argue that Touroff recalibrates the sacrality of Hamsun's novel to accommodate the spiritual and ideological needs of the Zionists in the Yishuv. Enhancing existing biblical intertexts to posit the novel as an alternative Zionist sacred text, his translation and its reception expose a fertile tension between universal ideals and specifically Zionist concerns. Translation of "great books" helped bring the world to Hebrew; the production of original Hebrew works helped bring Hebrew to the world. Birkat ha-adamah's productive grappling between the world and the Yishuv, though, reveals another dimension in this seemingly straightforward cultural economy.
摘要:二十世纪初的希伯来文学文化既依赖于希伯来语原创作品,也依赖于对世界文学“名著”的翻译。克努特·哈姆生的挪威小说《Markens grøde》是众多这样的书之一,由尼桑·图罗夫于1921年为Stybel出版社翻译成希伯来语为Birkat ha-adamah。然而,部分原因是它的主题与工党犹太复国主义意识形态产生了深刻的共鸣,《Birkat ha-adamah》在伊休夫中占有特殊的地位。图罗夫的翻译传达了哈姆生关于亲近自然和农业定居的浪漫主义思想的普遍性,但也与犹太复国主义建立了特殊的联系:某些翻译选择表明,图罗夫通过他的希伯来语恢复了缺失的圣经原著。在这篇文章中,我认为图罗夫重新校准了哈姆生小说的神圣性,以适应伊休夫犹太复国主义者的精神和意识形态需求。加强现有的圣经互文,将小说作为犹太复国主义的另一种神圣文本,他的翻译和接受暴露了普遍理想和具体犹太复国主义关切之间丰富的紧张关系。“名著”的翻译帮助世界了解了希伯来语;希伯来语原创作品的制作帮助希伯来语走向了世界。然而,Birkat ha-adamah在世界和伊休夫之间富有成效的斗争,揭示了这个看似简单的文化经济的另一个维度。
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引用次数: 0
Imagining Cosmopolitanism, Conviviality, and Coexistence in World Literature: Jews, Muslims, Language, and Enchantment in Joann Sfar's The Rabbi's Cat 想象世界文学中的世界主义、欢乐和共存:约翰·斯法的《拉比的猫》中的犹太人、穆斯林、语言和魅力
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.36.1-2.03
D. Kandiyoti
Abstract:This essay analyzes Joann Sfar's Rabbi's Cat and Rabbi's Cat 2 through the concepts of conviviality and world literature, drawing on the scholarship of Paul Gilroy and Pheng Cheah. I argue that Sfar offers through a decolonial lens a "world literature" with a normative world-making vision (Cheah) that asserts specific convivialities of what is deemed mutually exclusive under colonialism and in its aftermath, such as Jew and Muslim; native, diasporic, and colonial languages; and the rational-secular and "the enchanted."
摘要:本文借鉴Paul Gilroy和Pheng Cheah的研究成果,从交际和世界文学的角度分析Joann Sfar的《拉比的猫》和《拉比的猫2》。我认为,Sfar通过非殖民化的视角提供了一种“世界文学”,它具有规范的世界建构视角(Cheah),主张在殖民主义及其后果下被视为相互排斥的特定行为,例如犹太人和穆斯林;本土语言、散居语言和殖民地语言;理性-世俗和“被蛊惑者”。
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引用次数: 1
At Heym in the Hoyf: Mimi Pinzón's Argentine Yiddish World 在Heym in the Hoyf: Mimi Pinzón的阿根廷意第绪语世界
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.36.1-2.07
Joanna Meadvin
Abstract:Buenos Aires had already passed its brief heyday as a Yiddish publishing center when the journalist, Yiddishist, communist, literary scholar, and teacher Mimi Pinzón (1910–1975) published her autobiographical novel, Der hoyf on fentster (The Courtyard without Windows; 1965). The novel tells an immigrant coming-of-age story set in a conventillo (Argentine tenement). Central to the novel's action—and politics—is the conventillo's hoyf, or courtyard, a space of radical, multilingual possibility that stands in contrast to the often brutal repression—psychological and physical—of the monolingual state. In Yiddish, the novel crafts a miniature, multilingual Argentina that finds its "nationhood" in loose networks of humane solidarity. I argue that Pinzón's choice to articulate this radical linguistic vision in a language that would soon be inaccessible to all but a handful of readers—her insistence on minor language maintenance, her willingness to risk noncirculation—models an expansive vision of world literature that broadens our understanding of this concept.
摘要:当记者、意第绪语者、共产主义者、文学学者和教师米米Pinzón(1910-1975)出版自传体小说《没有窗户的庭院》(Der hoyf on fentster)时,布宜诺斯艾利斯作为意第绪语出版中心的短暂全盛时期已经过去。1965)。这部小说讲述了一个以阿根廷公寓为背景的移民成长故事。小说行动和政治的核心是传统的庭院,一个激进的、多语言可能性的空间,与单语国家经常残酷的心理和身体压制形成鲜明对比。小说用意第绪语打造了一个微型的、多语言的阿根廷,在松散的人道团结网络中找到了自己的“国家地位”。我认为Pinzón选择用一种除了少数读者之外几乎所有人都无法理解的语言来表达这种激进的语言愿景——她坚持小语种的维护,她愿意冒着不流通的风险——为世界文学树立了一种广阔的视野,拓宽了我们对这一概念的理解。
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引用次数: 1
Poetry and Dwelling: From Martin Heidegger to the Songbook of the Tent Revolution in Israel 诗歌与居住:从马丁·海德格尔到以色列帐篷革命的歌本
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.35.2-3.06
V. Shemtov
Abstract:Heidegger's assumption that humans can just naturally " be" in a place does not account for the politics of space or for the way that some humans are denied or limited in their ability to be in a place, to immerse in it, to preserve it, and to define and be defined as humans by their existence in this space. The politics of " being" and "place" is problematic not only when discussing "geographical" spaces but also when it comes to the ability of individuals and communities "to dwell in texts." This paper focuses on Heidegger's idea of " dwelling" as presented in "Dwelling, Building, Thinking" written after the housing shortage in Germany and in the late essay "Poetically Man Dwells." I read these essays against the Jewish concept of " dwelling in texts," which—according to some scholars—developed out of a physical and not just a mental state of " homeliness." This essay looks at the ways in which the Jewish idea of " dwelling in texts" was manifested through writings that refer to the double meaning of " home" (bayit) as both a home and a stanza in a poem. Recent and interesting examples of giving new life to this old metaphorical use of bayit can be found in many contemporary poems including works by Dan Pagis, Almog Behar and by the social movement that brought thousands of Israeli citizens into the streets in the summer of 2011 to protest the housing shortage. One of the events held in Jerusalem during this time was a poetry reading entitled "Dwelling in the Homes / Stanzas of the Poem," a play on the double meaning of bayit, with the possible implication that the rising costs of housing have left the poetic stanza as the only affordable home. The collection raises the question of the complex connections between limitations on dwelling in physical spaces and in "poetic homes," a complexity that remains hidden in Heidegger's work.
摘要:海德格尔关于人类可以自然地“存在”于一个地方的假设,并没有解释空间的政治,也没有解释一些人被剥夺或限制了他们在一个地方的能力,沉浸在这个地方,保护它,通过他们在这个空间中的存在来定义和被定义为人类。“存在”和“地点”的政治不仅在讨论“地理”空间时,而且在涉及个人和社区“居住在文本中”的能力时,都是有问题的。本文主要探讨海德格尔在德国住房短缺之后的《居住、建筑、思考》和后期的《诗意的人居住》中提出的“居住”理念。我读了这些文章,反对犹太人“居住在文本中”的概念,根据一些学者的说法,这种概念源于一种身体上的,而不仅仅是精神上的“宅”状态。这篇文章着眼于犹太人“居住在文本中”的想法是如何通过写作来体现的,这些写作提到了“家”(bayit)的双重含义,既是一个家,也是一首诗中的一节。在当代的许多诗歌中,我们都能找到一些有趣的例子来赋予bayit这个古老的隐喻以新的生命,包括Dan Pagis和Almog Behar的作品,以及2011年夏天成千上万的以色列公民走上街头抗议住房短缺的社会运动。在此期间,在耶路撒冷举行了一场名为“居住在房屋/诗节”的诗歌朗诵,这是对bayit的双重含义的发挥,可能意味着住房成本的上涨使诗意的诗节成为唯一负担得起的家。该系列提出了居住在物理空间和“诗意家园”的限制之间的复杂联系的问题,这种复杂性仍然隐藏在海德格尔的作品中。
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引用次数: 1
Ashkenizing Homosexuality?: Yossi Avni's "The One Who Does Not Know How to Ask" Ashkenizing同性恋吗?: Yossi Avni的《不知道如何提问的人》
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.35.2-3.03
O. Segal
This article engages Yossi Avni's 1988 novella She'eino yode'a lish'ol through an aspect usually left underexamined in Israeli culture: gay Mizrahi identity. In the cultural context of the 1990s, which typically associated homosexuality exclusively with Ashkenazim and the West, this groundbreaking novella opened new avenues in the representation of non-Ashkenazi sexual minorities. Continuously negotiating what he sees as conflicting parts of his self, Yossi, the narrator of the novella, strives to find a safe space in which he can voice his position as a double minority that is trapped between different exclusionary social systems. Destabilizing essentialist conventions about sexuality and ethnicity, the text offers various ways to resist marginalization.
本文将尤西·阿夫尼(Yossi Avni) 1988年的中篇小说《她’eino yode’a lish’ol》纳入以色列文化中一个通常被忽视的方面:同性恋的米兹拉希身份。在20世纪90年代的文化背景下,同性恋通常只与德系犹太人和西方联系在一起,这部开创性的中篇小说为非德系犹太人的性少数群体开辟了新的表现途径。这部中篇小说的叙述者约西不断地与他所看到的自我冲突的部分进行谈判,努力寻找一个安全的空间,在这个空间里,他可以表达自己的立场,因为他是一个双重少数群体,被困在不同的排他性社会制度之间。这篇文章颠覆了关于性和种族的本质主义惯例,提供了各种抵制边缘化的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Treading on New Hebrew Literary Ground: Hava Shapiro's "Notes from My Journey to the Land of Israel" 踏上希伯来文学的新天地:哈瓦·夏皮罗的《以色列之旅笔记》
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.35.2-3.01
Wendy Zierler
Abstract:In 1911, Hava Shapiro (1878–1943) penned a three-part Hebrew travelogue, "Notes From My Journey to Eretz Yisrael," which provided an account of journey to Palestine that she undertook together with her mentor and occasional antagonist, David Frischmann. The first Hebrew travelogue of this kind written by a woman, Shapiro's travelogue is marked all over by an awareness of the newness of her literary-traveler's voice. The distinctive contribution of Shapiro's travelogue is made especially clear through a comparison of her triptych with Frischmann's published essays about the same journey. This comparison reveals that Frischmann may have borrowed directly from Shapiro's travelogue, an ironic revelation given his previously published denigration of female Hebraism. It also shows how Shapiro's content and prose style in the triptych serve to undermine Frischmann's misogynist pronouncements.
摘要:1911年,哈瓦·夏皮罗(1878-1943)写了一部由三部分组成的希伯来语游记《从我的以色列之旅记》,讲述了她与导师兼偶尔的对手大卫·弗里施曼一起前往巴勒斯坦的旅程。这是第一部由女性撰写的希伯来游记,夏皮罗的游记处处体现了她对文学旅行者声音的新鲜感。通过将夏皮罗的三联画与弗里施曼发表的关于同一次旅行的文章进行比较,夏皮罗游记的独特贡献尤为明显。这种对比表明,弗里希曼可能直接借用了夏皮罗的游记,鉴于他之前发表的对女性希伯来语的诋毁,这是一个具有讽刺意味的启示。它还显示了夏皮罗在三联画中的内容和散文风格是如何削弱弗里施曼厌恶女性的言论的。
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引用次数: 0
What Esther Can Tell Us about the Bible's Purpose and Interpretation 以斯帖告诉我们圣经的目的和解释
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2017-05-04 DOI: 10.2979/PROOFTEXTS.35.2-3.09
J. L. Wright
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引用次数: 0
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PROOFTEXTS-A JOURNAL OF JEWISH LITERARY HISTORY
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