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Kakoyianni-Doa, F., ed. 2014. Penser le Lexique-Grammaire. Perspectives actuelles kakoyiani - doa, F., ed. 2014。思考词汇语法。目前的前景
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.1075/LI.39.1.07SIL
Alida Maria Silletti
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引用次数: 0
Transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh 北阿克瓦赫的及物性和价性
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.40.1.05CRE
Denis Creissels
This paper analyzes transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh, a language belonging to the Andic group of languages included in the Northeast Caucasian (or Nakh-Daghestanian) family. Northern Akhvakh clause structure is characterized by an extreme flexibility of constituent order, omissibility of arguments with an either anaphoric or unspecified reading, and fully consistent ergative coding of core NPs. Northern Akhvakh has a very low rate of transitivity prominence, and an extremely strong tendency to derive the causal member of noncausal / causal pairs from its noncausal counterpart. Ambitransitivity is very marginal, and the productivity of morphologically unmarked valency alternations is very limited. Causative derivation is the only valency changing mechanism involving verb morphology, and ingestion verbs are the only transitive verbs for which causative derivation is productive.
本文分析了北阿克瓦赫语的及物性和配价性,这是一种属于东北高加索语系(或纳赫-达吉斯坦语)语言的安奇语群。北阿赫瓦克语从句结构的特点是组成顺序的极端灵活性,具有回指或未指定阅读的论点的可省略性,以及核心np的完全一致的否定编码。北Akhvakh具有非常低的及物性突出率,并且从其非因果对偶中导出非因果/因果对的因果成员的趋势非常强烈。双变性是非常边缘的,形态上不显著的价态交替的生产力是非常有限的。致使衍生是唯一涉及动词形态的价变化机制,而摄取动词是唯一导致衍生产生的及物动词。
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引用次数: 2
Résolution de l’ambiguïté sémantique des noms propres par utilisation des croyances sur les connaissances d’autrui – application au prénom 通过对他人知识的信念解决专有名称的语义歧义-应用于名称
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.00004.BLI
R. Blin
Un nom propre, parfois porte par des centaines de milliers d’individus, lorsqu’il apparait sans determinant dans un enonce, ne peut faire reference qu’a un seul et unique individu, non quelconque et identique pour le locuteur et son allocutaire. Une bonne part de la desambiguisation repose sur l’usage des donnees contextuelles. Nous proposons un modele operatoire du processus d’interpretation du nom propre, et plus precisement du prenom. Nous mettons en particulier l’accent sur l’articulation entre la grammaire et les connaissances generales, ainsi que la theorie de l’esprit.
一个恰当的名字,有时被成千上万的人使用,当它在一个陈述中没有任何决定时,只能指一个人,而不是任何一个人,对说话者和他的说话者来说是相同的。消除歧义的很大一部分是基于上下文数据的使用。我们提出了一个操作模型来解释专有名称的过程,更准确地说,是名字。我们特别强调语法和一般知识之间的联系,以及心智理论。
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引用次数: 2
From the heavy to the light verb: An analysis of tomar ‘to take’ 从重动词到轻动词:对tomar“to take”的分析
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.00005.SAN
Begoña Sanromán Vilas
The study aims to show that the selection of the Spanish light verb tomar ‘to take’ within a light verb construction (LVC), rather than being arbitrary, is based on its meaning. To support this claim the hypothesis of semantic compatibility is tested. According to this hypothesis, light verbs are paradigmatically related to their heavier counterparts and syntagmatically to the nouns within the same LVC by means of components of meaning called lexical features. After a fine-grained analysis of the polysemous verb tomar, the study provides a tentative list of lexical features that function as semantic links between the lexical units within the polysemous tomar, as well as elements of semantic agreement between the components within the same LVC.
该研究旨在表明,在轻动词结构(LVC)中,西班牙语轻动词tomar“拿”的选择不是任意的,而是基于其含义。为了支持这一说法,对语义兼容性假设进行了测试。根据这一假设,轻动词通过被称为词汇特征的意义组成部分,与较重的动词有范式关系,并与同一LVC中的名词有句法关系。在对多义词动词簇进行细粒度分析后,本研究提供了一个初步的词汇特征列表,这些词汇特征在多义词簇内的词汇单位之间起着语义联系的作用,同时也是同一LVC内各成分之间语义一致的要素。
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引用次数: 1
Changement grammatical et discursif en français multiculturel de la région parisienne : éléments de comparaison 巴黎地区多元文化法语的语法和话语变化:比较要素
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.00003.SEC
Maria Secova
Cet article cherche a comparer la variation et le changement dans deux domaines linguistiques, a savoir la grammaire et le discours. Il presente les resultats du projet « Multicultural London English – Multicultural Paris French » et s’interroge sur les differences dans l’usage des traits innovants et leur correlation avec certaines categories sociales. Du cote grammatical, la recherche se concentre en particulier sur l’usage des interrogatives indirectes in situ telles que 'je sais pas c’est qui' et 'je sais ca veut dire quoi', frequemment utilisees a l’oral chez certains locuteurs. Du cote pragmatico-discursif, elle discute de l’utilisation des particules d’extension (et tout, et tout ca). L’etude revele que la distribution des innovations discursives n’est pas la meme que celle des innovations grammaticales, dont l’usage est davantage clive en fonction des categories sociales. L’article tente d’apporter des eclairages sur les processus de grammaticalisation et de changement, en s’interrogeant sur l’existence d’un francais multiculturel typiquement « jeune » ou typiquement « parisien ».
本文比较了语法和语篇这两个语言领域的变异和变化。它展示了“多元文化伦敦英语-多元文化巴黎法语”项目的结果,并质疑创新特征的使用差异及其与特定社会类别的相关性。从语法的角度来看,研究特别集中在原位间接疑问句的使用上,如“je sais pas c ' est qui”和“je sais ca meere quoi”,这些疑问句经常在口语中使用。从语用-话语的角度,她讨论了扩展粒子的使用(以及一切)。研究表明,话语创新的分布与语法创新的分布不一样,语法创新的使用在社会类别上更明显。这篇文章试图阐明语法化和变化的过程,质疑多元文化法国人的存在,典型的“年轻”或典型的“巴黎人”。
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引用次数: 1
Du participe passé en français: Fonctionnements, valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours 法语过去分词:功能、语言价值和言语意义效果
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.00006.BRE
J. Bres, C. Bellec
Du participe passe en francais : fonctionnements, valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours Qu’est-ce qui fait que le participe passe en emploi nu peut etre incident au prime actant des intransitifs-etre (a l’exception de aller), de quelques rares intransitifs-avoir, de certains pronominaux, ainsi qu’au second actant des transitifs ? Mais qu’il ne peut etre incident au prime actant ni des intransitifs-avoir (dans leur grande majorite) ni des transitifs ? Il apparait que les parametres de l’agentivite et de la transitionnalite permettent de decrire ce fonctionnement. L’hypothese que nous developpons propose l’aspect detensif du participe passe comme etant la cle explicative. Nous testons cette hypothese en analysant les differents effets de sens en discours du participe passe en fonction de l’aspect lexical du proces.
密码》参加语、法语:功能价值和意义的影响在演讲中事实正在发生什么工作可以裸事件给奖金,intransitifs-etre(少数除外)、去了某些pronominaux intransitifs-avoir,以及为第二位,被传递的?但是,它既不能发生在资产(绝大多数)也不能发生在过渡时期?看来,能动性和过渡性的参数允许描述这种操作。我们提出的假设提出了分词的详细方面,作为解释的关键。我们通过分析过去分词在言语中的不同意义效应来检验这一假设,这取决于过程的词汇方面。
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引用次数: 8
A competition-based analysis of French anticausatives 基于竞争的法国反兴奋剂分析
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.40.1.02LEG
G. Legendre, P. Smolensky
Some long-standing questions surrounding anticausatives in languages like French include whether the morphological marking (presence/absence of se) correlates with interpretational differences and/or different syntax. We examine the three anticausatives classes (optional se, obligatory se, no se) in three aspectual contexts and formulate a generalization whereby a default morphological form (reflexive-/non-reflexive-marked) can be identified for each context, plus an interpretive anti-blocking effect: if the lexicon does not provide the default form then the other form (regardless of morphology) preserves the aspectual interpretation of its transitive source. French anticausative se is tied to lexical aspect (rather than syntax), but the distribution is complex and non-transparent. We argue that the grammar allows bidirectional competition among forms and interpretations and the formalize analysis in Bidirectional OT (Superoptimality).
在法语等语言中,一些长期存在的问题包括词形标记(se的存在/缺失)是否与解释差异和/或不同的语法相关。我们在三个方面上下文中研究了三种反谓语类(可选se、强制性se、无se),并制定了一个概括,即可以为每个上下文中识别默认的形态形式(自反标记/非自反标记),以及解释的反阻塞效应:如果词典不提供默认形式,那么其他形式(无论形态如何)保留其及物源的方面解释。法语反消音se与词汇方面(而不是语法)有关,但分布复杂且不透明。我们认为,语法允许形式和解释之间的双向竞争以及双向超优性的形式化分析。
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引用次数: 0
Clitics as input to the acquisition of verbal transitivity in French 关键词对法语动词性及物性习得的影响
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.40.1.06PER
A. Pérez-Leroux, M. Pîrvulescu, Yves Roberge, Nelleke Strik
We investigate the effect of French clitic construction on verb learning. In French, object pronouns precede the verb, and the canonical direct object position remains empty. We test whether children treat such contexts as input for transitivity (since a direct object is morphologically identified) or optional transitivity (due to the empty direct object position). Forty-eight monolingual French preschoolers heard verb input with clitics and noun phrases as direct objects, in two input conditions: obligatory transitivity, and mixed optional transitivity. Results show that children are sensitive to the input, but produce more sentences with null implicit objects in the clitic conditions. This provides evidence that specific properties of a language (e.g. clitic constructions), affect the acquisition of verbal classes.
我们研究了法语定语结构对动词学习的影响。在法语中,宾语代词位于动词之前,规范的直接宾语位置是空的。我们测试儿童是否将这些上下文视为及物性的输入(因为直接对象在形态上是确定的)或可选的及物性(由于空的直接对象位置)。以48名法语单语学龄前儿童为研究对象,在强制性及物性和混合可选及物性两种输入条件下,听到了以限定词和名词短语作为直接宾语的动词输入。结果表明,儿童对输入内容较为敏感,但在特定条件下产生的含空内隐对象的句子较多。这提供了语言的特定属性(例如,修辞结构)影响言语类习得的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Critique de Bohas, Georges (2016) L’Illusion de l’arbitraire du signe 乔治·博哈斯(2016)《符号随意性的错觉》
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1075/LI.00009.BES
E. Bestchastnova
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引用次数: 0
Les modes expriment-ils des modalités ? L'alternance indicatif / subjonctif dans les complétives objet 模式是否表达模式?宾语补语中的指示性/虚拟语气交替
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2016-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/LI.39.1.06GOS
L. Gosselin
Cet article traite la question du choix du mode, indicatif ou du subjonctif, dans les completives objet en francais. Une attention particuliere est portee sur les verbes recteurs, la negation, l’interrogation, l’imperatif, la subordination hypothetique … Nous montrons que les hypotheses actuelles sur la signification des modes conduisent a des predictions fausses, et sont donc refutees. Dans le cadre de la Theorie Modulaire des Modalites ( Gosselin 2010 ), nous proposons une explication nouvelle en termes de convergence / divergence entre les contraintes sur la modalite, associees aux modes, aux verbes, a la negation, a l’interrogation, etc. Cette explication est fondee sur la these selon laquelle les modes n’expriment pas la modalite, mais seulement des contraintes sur la modalite (au sens large). This paper deals with the problem of the choice of the mood, indicative or subjunctive, in complement clauses in French. It focuses on the role of verbs, negation, interrogation, imperative, hypothetical subordination … We show that current hypotheses on significations of moods lead to false prediction, and must be rejected. In the framework of the Modular Theory of Modalities ( Gosselin 2010 ), we propose a new explanation in terms of convergence / divergence between constraints on modality, triggered by moods, verbs, negation, interrogation, etc. This explanation is grounded on the assumption that moods do not express modality, but only constraints on modality (taken in a wide sense).
这篇文章讨论了英语宾语完成时语气的选择,指示语气还是虚拟语气。特别注意指导动词、否定动词、疑问句、祈使句、假设从属句……我们表明,目前关于模态意义的假设会导致错误的预测,因此被驳斥。在模态理论(Gosselin 2010)的框架内,我们提出了一种新的解释,即与模态、动词、否定、质疑等相关的模态约束之间的收敛/发散。这种解释是基于模态并不表达模态,而只是模态上的约束(广义上的)。秋季. with the problem of the choice of This paper in the mood提示性subjunctive黄金、补充条款in French)。它集中在动词、否定、质疑、命令、假设的服从的作用上……我们证明了当前关于情绪含义的假设导致了错误的预测,必须被拒绝。在模态理论的框架内(Gosselin 2010),我们提出了一种新的解释,即由情绪、动词、否定、质疑等触发的模态约束之间的收敛/发散。这一解释是基于这样一种假设,即情绪不表达情态,而只是限制情态(广义上的)。
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引用次数: 2
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Linguisticae Investigationes
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