This paper analyzes transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh, a language belonging to the Andic group of languages included in the Northeast Caucasian (or Nakh-Daghestanian) family. Northern Akhvakh clause structure is characterized by an extreme flexibility of constituent order, omissibility of arguments with an either anaphoric or unspecified reading, and fully consistent ergative coding of core NPs. Northern Akhvakh has a very low rate of transitivity prominence, and an extremely strong tendency to derive the causal member of noncausal / causal pairs from its noncausal counterpart. Ambitransitivity is very marginal, and the productivity of morphologically unmarked valency alternations is very limited. Causative derivation is the only valency changing mechanism involving verb morphology, and ingestion verbs are the only transitive verbs for which causative derivation is productive.
{"title":"Transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh","authors":"Denis Creissels","doi":"10.1075/LI.40.1.05CRE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.40.1.05CRE","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh, a language belonging to the Andic group of languages included in the Northeast Caucasian (or Nakh-Daghestanian) family. Northern Akhvakh clause structure is characterized by an extreme flexibility of constituent order, omissibility of arguments with an either anaphoric or unspecified reading, and fully consistent ergative coding of core NPs. Northern Akhvakh has a very low rate of transitivity prominence, and an extremely strong tendency to derive the causal member of noncausal / causal pairs from its noncausal counterpart. Ambitransitivity is very marginal, and the productivity of morphologically unmarked valency alternations is very limited. Causative derivation is the only valency changing mechanism involving verb morphology, and ingestion verbs are the only transitive verbs for which causative derivation is productive.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"81-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/LI.40.1.05CRE","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58894240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Un nom propre, parfois porte par des centaines de milliers d’individus, lorsqu’il apparait sans determinant dans un enonce, ne peut faire reference qu’a un seul et unique individu, non quelconque et identique pour le locuteur et son allocutaire. Une bonne part de la desambiguisation repose sur l’usage des donnees contextuelles. Nous proposons un modele operatoire du processus d’interpretation du nom propre, et plus precisement du prenom. Nous mettons en particulier l’accent sur l’articulation entre la grammaire et les connaissances generales, ainsi que la theorie de l’esprit.
{"title":"Résolution de l’ambiguïté sémantique des noms propres par utilisation des croyances sur les connaissances d’autrui – application au prénom","authors":"R. Blin","doi":"10.1075/LI.00004.BLI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.00004.BLI","url":null,"abstract":"Un nom propre, parfois porte par des centaines de milliers d’individus, lorsqu’il apparait sans determinant dans un enonce, ne peut faire reference qu’a un seul et unique individu, non quelconque et identique pour le locuteur et son allocutaire. Une bonne part de la desambiguisation repose sur l’usage des donnees contextuelles. Nous proposons un modele operatoire du processus d’interpretation du nom propre, et plus precisement du prenom. Nous mettons en particulier l’accent sur l’articulation entre la grammaire et les connaissances generales, ainsi que la theorie de l’esprit.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"200-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58859863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to show that the selection of the Spanish light verb tomar ‘to take’ within a light verb construction (LVC), rather than being arbitrary, is based on its meaning. To support this claim the hypothesis of semantic compatibility is tested. According to this hypothesis, light verbs are paradigmatically related to their heavier counterparts and syntagmatically to the nouns within the same LVC by means of components of meaning called lexical features. After a fine-grained analysis of the polysemous verb tomar, the study provides a tentative list of lexical features that function as semantic links between the lexical units within the polysemous tomar, as well as elements of semantic agreement between the components within the same LVC.
{"title":"From the heavy to the light verb: An analysis of tomar ‘to take’","authors":"Begoña Sanromán Vilas","doi":"10.1075/LI.00005.SAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.00005.SAN","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to show that the selection of the Spanish light verb tomar ‘to take’ within a light verb construction (LVC), rather than being arbitrary, is based on its meaning. To support this claim the hypothesis of semantic compatibility is tested. According to this hypothesis, light verbs are paradigmatically related to their heavier counterparts and syntagmatically to the nouns within the same LVC by means of components of meaning called lexical features. After a fine-grained analysis of the polysemous verb tomar, the study provides a tentative list of lexical features that function as semantic links between the lexical units within the polysemous tomar, as well as elements of semantic agreement between the components within the same LVC.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"228-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/LI.00005.SAN","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58859873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article cherche a comparer la variation et le changement dans deux domaines linguistiques, a savoir la grammaire et le discours. Il presente les resultats du projet « Multicultural London English – Multicultural Paris French » et s’interroge sur les differences dans l’usage des traits innovants et leur correlation avec certaines categories sociales. Du cote grammatical, la recherche se concentre en particulier sur l’usage des interrogatives indirectes in situ telles que 'je sais pas c’est qui' et 'je sais ca veut dire quoi', frequemment utilisees a l’oral chez certains locuteurs. Du cote pragmatico-discursif, elle discute de l’utilisation des particules d’extension (et tout, et tout ca). L’etude revele que la distribution des innovations discursives n’est pas la meme que celle des innovations grammaticales, dont l’usage est davantage clive en fonction des categories sociales. L’article tente d’apporter des eclairages sur les processus de grammaticalisation et de changement, en s’interrogeant sur l’existence d’un francais multiculturel typiquement « jeune » ou typiquement « parisien ».
本文比较了语法和语篇这两个语言领域的变异和变化。它展示了“多元文化伦敦英语-多元文化巴黎法语”项目的结果，并质疑创新特征的使用差异及其与特定社会类别的相关性。从语法的角度来看，研究特别集中在原位间接疑问句的使用上，如“je sais pas c ' est qui”和“je sais ca meere quoi”，这些疑问句经常在口语中使用。从语用-话语的角度，她讨论了扩展粒子的使用(以及一切)。研究表明，话语创新的分布与语法创新的分布不一样，语法创新的使用在社会类别上更明显。这篇文章试图阐明语法化和变化的过程，质疑多元文化法国人的存在，典型的“年轻”或典型的“巴黎人”。
{"title":"Changement grammatical et discursif en français multiculturel de la région parisienne : éléments de comparaison","authors":"Maria Secova","doi":"10.1075/LI.00003.SEC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.00003.SEC","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article cherche a comparer la variation et le changement dans deux domaines linguistiques, a savoir la grammaire et le discours. Il presente les resultats du projet « Multicultural London English – Multicultural Paris French » et s’interroge sur les differences dans l’usage des traits innovants et leur correlation avec certaines categories sociales. Du cote grammatical, la recherche se concentre en particulier sur l’usage des interrogatives indirectes in situ telles que 'je sais pas c’est qui' et 'je sais ca veut dire quoi', frequemment utilisees a l’oral chez certains locuteurs. Du cote pragmatico-discursif, elle discute de l’utilisation des particules d’extension (et tout, et tout ca). L’etude revele que la distribution des innovations discursives n’est pas la meme que celle des innovations grammaticales, dont l’usage est davantage clive en fonction des categories sociales. L’article tente d’apporter des eclairages sur les processus de grammaticalisation et de changement, en s’interrogeant sur l’existence d’un francais multiculturel typiquement « jeune » ou typiquement « parisien ».","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"173-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58859802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Du participe passe en francais : fonctionnements, valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours Qu’est-ce qui fait que le participe passe en emploi nu peut etre incident au prime actant des intransitifs-etre (a l’exception de aller), de quelques rares intransitifs-avoir, de certains pronominaux, ainsi qu’au second actant des transitifs ? Mais qu’il ne peut etre incident au prime actant ni des intransitifs-avoir (dans leur grande majorite) ni des transitifs ? Il apparait que les parametres de l’agentivite et de la transitionnalite permettent de decrire ce fonctionnement. L’hypothese que nous developpons propose l’aspect detensif du participe passe comme etant la cle explicative. Nous testons cette hypothese en analysant les differents effets de sens en discours du participe passe en fonction de l’aspect lexical du proces.
{"title":"Du participe passé en français: Fonctionnements, valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours","authors":"J. Bres, C. Bellec","doi":"10.1075/LI.00006.BRE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.00006.BRE","url":null,"abstract":"Du participe passe en francais : fonctionnements, valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours Qu’est-ce qui fait que le participe passe en emploi nu peut etre incident au prime actant des intransitifs-etre (a l’exception de aller), de quelques rares intransitifs-avoir, de certains pronominaux, ainsi qu’au second actant des transitifs ? Mais qu’il ne peut etre incident au prime actant ni des intransitifs-avoir (dans leur grande majorite) ni des transitifs ? Il apparait que les parametres de l’agentivite et de la transitionnalite permettent de decrire ce fonctionnement. L’hypothese que nous developpons propose l’aspect detensif du participe passe comme etant la cle explicative. Nous testons cette hypothese en analysant les differents effets de sens en discours du participe passe en fonction de l’aspect lexical du proces.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"274-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/LI.00006.BRE","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58859918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some long-standing questions surrounding anticausatives in languages like French include whether the morphological marking (presence/absence of se) correlates with interpretational differences and/or different syntax. We examine the three anticausatives classes (optional se, obligatory se, no se) in three aspectual contexts and formulate a generalization whereby a default morphological form (reflexive-/non-reflexive-marked) can be identified for each context, plus an interpretive anti-blocking effect: if the lexicon does not provide the default form then the other form (regardless of morphology) preserves the aspectual interpretation of its transitive source. French anticausative se is tied to lexical aspect (rather than syntax), but the distribution is complex and non-transparent. We argue that the grammar allows bidirectional competition among forms and interpretations and the formalize analysis in Bidirectional OT (Superoptimality).
{"title":"A competition-based analysis of French anticausatives","authors":"G. Legendre, P. Smolensky","doi":"10.1075/LI.40.1.02LEG","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.40.1.02LEG","url":null,"abstract":"Some long-standing questions surrounding anticausatives in languages like French include whether the morphological marking (presence/absence of se) correlates with interpretational differences and/or different syntax. We examine the three anticausatives classes (optional se, obligatory se, no se) in three aspectual contexts and formulate a generalization whereby a default morphological form (reflexive-/non-reflexive-marked) can be identified for each context, plus an interpretive anti-blocking effect: if the lexicon does not provide the default form then the other form (regardless of morphology) preserves the aspectual interpretation of its transitive source. French anticausative se is tied to lexical aspect (rather than syntax), but the distribution is complex and non-transparent. We argue that the grammar allows bidirectional competition among forms and interpretations and the formalize analysis in Bidirectional OT (Superoptimality).","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/LI.40.1.02LEG","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58894122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pérez-Leroux, M. Pîrvulescu, Yves Roberge, Nelleke Strik
We investigate the effect of French clitic construction on verb learning. In French, object pronouns precede the verb, and the canonical direct object position remains empty. We test whether children treat such contexts as input for transitivity (since a direct object is morphologically identified) or optional transitivity (due to the empty direct object position). Forty-eight monolingual French preschoolers heard verb input with clitics and noun phrases as direct objects, in two input conditions: obligatory transitivity, and mixed optional transitivity. Results show that children are sensitive to the input, but produce more sentences with null implicit objects in the clitic conditions. This provides evidence that specific properties of a language (e.g. clitic constructions), affect the acquisition of verbal classes.
{"title":"Clitics as input to the acquisition of verbal transitivity in French","authors":"A. Pérez-Leroux, M. Pîrvulescu, Yves Roberge, Nelleke Strik","doi":"10.1075/LI.40.1.06PER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.40.1.06PER","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effect of French clitic construction on verb learning. In French, object pronouns precede the verb, and the canonical direct object position remains empty. We test whether children treat such contexts as input for transitivity (since a direct object is morphologically identified) or optional transitivity (due to the empty direct object position). Forty-eight monolingual French preschoolers heard verb input with clitics and noun phrases as direct objects, in two input conditions: obligatory transitivity, and mixed optional transitivity. Results show that children are sensitive to the input, but produce more sentences with null implicit objects in the clitic conditions. This provides evidence that specific properties of a language (e.g. clitic constructions), affect the acquisition of verbal classes.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"40 1","pages":"117-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/LI.40.1.06PER","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58893808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critique de Bohas, Georges (2016) L’Illusion de l’arbitraire du signe","authors":"E. Bestchastnova","doi":"10.1075/LI.00009.BES","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.00009.BES","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"29 1","pages":"336-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58859982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article traite la question du choix du mode, indicatif ou du subjonctif, dans les completives objet en francais. Une attention particuliere est portee sur les verbes recteurs, la negation, l’interrogation, l’imperatif, la subordination hypothetique … Nous montrons que les hypotheses actuelles sur la signification des modes conduisent a des predictions fausses, et sont donc refutees. Dans le cadre de la Theorie Modulaire des Modalites ( Gosselin 2010 ), nous proposons une explication nouvelle en termes de convergence / divergence entre les contraintes sur la modalite, associees aux modes, aux verbes, a la negation, a l’interrogation, etc. Cette explication est fondee sur la these selon laquelle les modes n’expriment pas la modalite, mais seulement des contraintes sur la modalite (au sens large). This paper deals with the problem of the choice of the mood, indicative or subjunctive, in complement clauses in French. It focuses on the role of verbs, negation, interrogation, imperative, hypothetical subordination … We show that current hypotheses on significations of moods lead to false prediction, and must be rejected. In the framework of the Modular Theory of Modalities ( Gosselin 2010 ), we propose a new explanation in terms of convergence / divergence between constraints on modality, triggered by moods, verbs, negation, interrogation, etc. This explanation is grounded on the assumption that moods do not express modality, but only constraints on modality (taken in a wide sense).
这篇文章讨论了英语宾语完成时语气的选择，指示语气还是虚拟语气。特别注意指导动词、否定动词、疑问句、祈使句、假设从属句……我们表明，目前关于模态意义的假设会导致错误的预测，因此被驳斥。在模态理论(Gosselin 2010)的框架内，我们提出了一种新的解释，即与模态、动词、否定、质疑等相关的模态约束之间的收敛/发散。这种解释是基于模态并不表达模态，而只是模态上的约束(广义上的)。秋季. with the problem of the choice of This paper in the mood提示性subjunctive黄金、补充条款in French)。它集中在动词、否定、质疑、命令、假设的服从的作用上……我们证明了当前关于情绪含义的假设导致了错误的预测，必须被拒绝。在模态理论的框架内(Gosselin 2010)，我们提出了一种新的解释，即由情绪、动词、否定、质疑等触发的模态约束之间的收敛/发散。这一解释是基于这样一种假设，即情绪不表达情态，而只是限制情态(广义上的)。
{"title":"Les modes expriment-ils des modalités ? L'alternance indicatif / subjonctif dans les complétives objet","authors":"L. Gosselin","doi":"10.1075/LI.39.1.06GOS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LI.39.1.06GOS","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article traite la question du choix du mode, indicatif ou du subjonctif, dans les completives objet en francais. Une attention particuliere est portee sur les verbes recteurs, la negation, l’interrogation, l’imperatif, la subordination hypothetique … Nous montrons que les hypotheses actuelles sur la signification des modes conduisent a des predictions fausses, et sont donc refutees. Dans le cadre de la Theorie Modulaire des Modalites ( Gosselin 2010 ), nous proposons une explication nouvelle en termes de convergence / divergence entre les contraintes sur la modalite, associees aux modes, aux verbes, a la negation, a l’interrogation, etc. Cette explication est fondee sur la these selon laquelle les modes n’expriment pas la modalite, mais seulement des contraintes sur la modalite (au sens large). This paper deals with the problem of the choice of the mood, indicative or subjunctive, in complement clauses in French. It focuses on the role of verbs, negation, interrogation, imperative, hypothetical subordination … We show that current hypotheses on significations of moods lead to false prediction, and must be rejected. In the framework of the Modular Theory of Modalities ( Gosselin 2010 ), we propose a new explanation in terms of convergence / divergence between constraints on modality, triggered by moods, verbs, negation, interrogation, etc. This explanation is grounded on the assumption that moods do not express modality, but only constraints on modality (taken in a wide sense).","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"39 1","pages":"143-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/LI.39.1.06GOS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58892468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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