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Cuteness modulates size sound symbolism at its extremes 可爱在极端情况下调节声音大小的象征意义
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0257
Dominic Schmitz, Defne Cicek, Anh Kim Nguyen, Daniel Rottleb
Despite the rapidly growing body of research on sound symbolism, one issue that remains understudied is whether different types of sensory information interact in their sound symbolic effects. The experimental study reported here consisted of two tasks and focused on one such potential interaction: size associations and cuteness. First, a forced-choice task was conducted in which size ratings were elicited for pseudowords containing different vowels and consonants. The pseudowords were introduced as names of alien creatures, which were used as visual stimuli in the experiment. Second, the cuteness of alien creatures was assessed in a judgement task. Both tasks were completed by the same group of German speakers. In line with previous research, /aː/ was associated with largeness and /iː/ was associated with smallness. Further, we found that cuteness modulates size associations in /aː/ and /iː/. For /aː/ judged size increased, while for /iː/ judged size decreased with increasing cuteness. Regarding consonants, we found that /ʁ/ evoked higher size associations than other consonants under investigation. Interactions of cuteness and consonants did not reach significance. Our findings call for the integration of other possible factors and features that might show sound symbolic effects or interactions with such in sound symbolism research.
尽管有关声音符号学的研究在迅速增加,但有一个问题仍未得到充分研究,那就是不同类型的感官信息是否会在声音符号效应中产生相互作用。本文报告的实验研究包括两项任务,重点研究了其中一种潜在的相互作用:大小联想和可爱程度。首先,我们进行了一项强迫选择任务,对包含不同元音和辅音的假词进行大小评级。这些假词是外星生物的名称,在实验中用作视觉刺激。其次,外星生物的可爱程度在判断任务中进行评估。这两项任务均由同一组德语使用者完成。与之前的研究结果一致,/aː/与大有关,而/iː/与小有关。此外,我们还发现可爱会调节 /aː/ 和 /iː/ 的大小关联。随着可爱程度的增加,/aː/的判断大小会增加,而/iː/的判断大小会减少。在辅音方面,我们发现/ʁ/比其他辅音更容易引起大小联想。可爱程度与辅音之间的交互作用并不显著。我们的研究结果要求在声音符号学研究中整合其他可能显示声音符号效应或与之相互作用的因素和特征。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating interview-based approaches into corpus-based translation studies and literary translation studies 将基于访谈的方法纳入基于语料库的翻译研究和文学翻译研究
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0265
Titela Vîlceanu
The article discusses the increasing role of corpus data in translation studies (a field that has developed several autonomous sub-fields striving for full recognition), including mediated interviews of literary translators as paratexts complementing textual analysis in the translated text circulation, appreciation, and evaluation. The question of corpus design should be envisaged in conjunction with corpus usability, i.e. fitness for purpose. In this respect, it is important to train awareness of the potential of corpora of mediated interviews in real-life settings, in literary translation research and work environments. Furthermore, the article is intended to contribute to building more productive and innovative interfaces of corpus-based translation studies and literary translation studies in the digital humanities era, as well as to provide tools meant to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
文章讨论了语料库数据在翻译研究中日益重要的作用(这一领域已发展出多个独立的子领域,努力争取全面认可),包括文学翻译者的中介访谈,作为翻译文本流通、鉴赏和评价过程中补充文本分析的副文本。语料库设计问题应与语料库的可用性(即适用性)结合起来考虑。在这方面,重要的是要在文学翻译研究和工作环境中,在现实生活中培养对中介访谈语料库潜力的认识。此外,文章还希望在数字人文时代为基于语料库的翻译研究和文学翻译研究建立更具生产力和创新性的界面做出贡献,并提供旨在弥合理论与实践之间差距的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of gender on frequency of code-switching in Snapchat advertisements 性别对 Snapchat 广告中代码转换频率的影响
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0270
Mohammad Almoaily
Although the phenomenon of code-switching has been a subject of interest to sociolinguists since the 1970s, to date, little research has been conducted on the impact of gender on the frequency of code-switching, especially in oral communication. The current study is an attempt to bridge this gap by comparing code-switching instances in Snapchat advertisements made by 40 Saudi influencers (20 males and 20 females) who roughly belong to the same age group. The first 100 words made by each advertiser were included in the 4,000-word corpus. Although the female sample produced more instances of code-switching (n = 60) than males (n = 42), the hypothesis that there is a significant difference between males and females in the frequency of code-switching was rejected because the difference was not statistically significant either in the number of instances (p value = 0.116) or in the number of English words (p value = 0.149).
尽管自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,语码转换现象就一直是社会语言学家关注的话题,但迄今为止,有关性别对语码转换频率的影响(尤其是在口语交际中)的研究却少之又少。本研究试图通过比较 40 名大致属于同一年龄段的沙特影响力人物(20 名男性和 20 名女性)在 Snapchat 广告中的代码转换实例来弥补这一差距。每个广告主的前 100 个词都包含在 4000 字的语料库中。虽然女性样本(n = 60)比男性样本(n = 42)产生了更多的代码转换实例,但由于在实例数量(p 值 = 0.116)或英语单词数量(p 值 = 0.149)方面的差异均无统计学意义,因此拒绝了关于男女之间在代码转换频率方面存在显著差异的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency of prototypical acronyms in American TV series 美国电视剧中原型缩略词的出现频率
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0264
Attila Imre
This article aims at studying acronyms found in captions of six American TV series, as most scholarly articles only discuss abbreviations and acronyms in specialized texts, including their titles and abstracts as well. Hence, in the introductory part, we present reasons to use shortened forms (both abbreviations and acronyms), and then we offer a very brief summary of major types of shortenings, differentiating shorter forms originating from one-word or multi-word phrases, enabling us to separate acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms from standard abbreviations and its similar terms (truncation and clipping). After arguing that acronym may be used as the umbrella term for initialisms and alphabetisms as well, we define prototypical acronyms, which are traced in the first seasons of the six TV series with the help of a specifically designed algorithm. Acronym frequency in three medical TV series is compared to their frequency in political, legal, and military series, concluding that at least twice more acronyms were found in medical captions compared to non-medical ones, which means that an acronym is bound to appear within every other minute of the storyline. The conclusion section reiterates the idea that acronym use should be restricted, knowing that guidelines on captioning and subtitling have little impact on the creators.
本文旨在研究六部美国电视剧字幕中的缩略语,因为大多数学术文章只讨论专业文本中的缩略语,包括标题和摘要。因此,在引言部分,我们提出了使用缩略语(包括缩写和首字母缩略词)的理由,然后简要概述了缩略语的主要类型,区分了源于单词或多词短语的缩略语,使我们能够将首字母缩略词、首字母缩写词和字母缩写词与标准缩略语及其类似术语(截断和剪切)区分开来。在论证了首字母缩略词也可作为首字母缩略词和字母缩略词的总称之后,我们定义了首字母缩略词的原型,并借助专门设计的算法对这六部电视剧第一季中的首字母缩略词进行了追踪。我们将三部医疗题材电视剧中的缩略语频率与政治、法律和军事题材电视剧中的缩略语频率进行了比较,得出的结论是,医疗题材字幕中的缩略语至少是非医疗题材字幕中的两倍,这意味着故事情节中每隔一分钟就会出现一个缩略语。结论部分重申了缩略语的使用应受到限制的观点,因为字幕和字幕指南对创作者的影响很小。
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引用次数: 0
Training easy-to-read validators for a linguistically inclusive society 培训易读的验证员,建设语言包容的社会
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0263
Simona Șimon, Daniel Dejica-Carțiș, Marcela Alina Fărcașiu, Annamaria Kilyeni
Fostering the social inclusion of all its citizens, the European Union strives to create a linguistically inclusive society. Among the Erasmus+ projects funded by the European Union to achieve this goal is Train2Validate which proposes a research-based educational framework within which easy-to-read validators and facilitators are professionally trained to be able to officially work and produce high-quality easy-to-read content. The article focuses on one stage of the project in which a lesson was piloted with a group of people with disabilities to verify whether the educational content created within the project meets their needs. The piloting session was organised in Timișoara, Romania, with Romanian trainees, and it pointed to some positive as well as some negative aspects. Among the positive aspects mentioned by them were the video lesson, the structure of the educational content, and the understandability of the language used. The tasks that they completed on paper and online showed a better performance online, although the trainees constantly needed the technical support of the facilitators, which was perceived as a drawback of the piloting session. All in all, the feedback received from the trainees during and after the piloting session helps the Romanian project team make better recommendations on the implementation of the project outcomes. In the end, the trainees hailed the project as a welcome initiative that contributes to the social and linguistic inclusion of people with disabilities.
为了促进所有公民融入社会,欧盟努力创造一个语言包容的社会。在欧盟为实现这一目标而资助的 Erasmus+ 项目中,Train2Validate 项目提出了一个以研究为基础的教育框架,在此框架内,易读验证员和辅导员将接受专业培训,以便能够正式开展工作并制作高质量的易读内容。本文重点介绍该项目的一个阶段,在这一阶段中,与一群残疾人共同试讲了一堂课,以验证在该项目中创建的教育内容是否符合他们的需求。试点课程是在罗马尼亚蒂米什瓦拉与罗马尼亚学员共同组织的,其中既有积极的方面,也有消极的方面。他们提到的积极方面包括视频课程、教学内容的结构以及所使用语言的易懂性。他们在纸上和网上完成的任务显示,在网上的表现更好,尽管学员经常需要主持人的技术支持,这被认为是试点课程的一个缺点。总之,在试点课程期间和之后从受训人员那里收到的反馈意见有助于罗马尼亚项目小组就项目成果的实施提出更好的建议。最后,受训人员称赞该项目是一项值得欢迎的举措,有助于残疾人融入社会和语言环境。
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引用次数: 0
Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and the borders of Romanian translations 玛格丽特-阿特伍德的《女仆的故事》与罗马尼亚语翻译的边界
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0260
Mihaela Gavrilă
The present article proposes to focus on the reception of dystopian literature and the way in which the Romanian public resonated with it, paying particular attention to the translations of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale. The article will discuss Atwood’s emphasis on borders, both literal and figurative, the combination of characters, cultures and languages that come to life as a result of those borders being transgressed and the translation limitations that such a text imposes.
本文拟重点探讨罗马尼亚公众对反乌托邦文学的接受情况及其产生共鸣的方式,尤其关注玛格丽特-阿特伍德的《女仆的故事》的翻译情况。文章将讨论阿特伍德对边界的强调,包括字面意义上的和具象意义上的边界,这些边界被跨越后所产生的人物、文化和语言的组合,以及这样的文本所带来的翻译限制。
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引用次数: 0
The quest for the ideal business translator profile in the Romanian context 在罗马尼亚背景下寻求理想的商务译员形象
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0267
Oana Adriana Duță, Cecilia Mihaela Popescu
An ideal translator profile is a crucial issue for both translation providers, who want to deliver impeccable performance, and translation beneficiaries, whose purpose is to obtain flawless services. In the context of Romanian higher education, two distinct educational profiles of providers are distinguished in the business translation market: graduates of Philology, who have been trained in translation (3-year BA and 2-year MA programmes in Translation Studies), and graduates of Faculties of Economics or Business who have undertaken 3-year and/or 2-year MA study programmes in a foreign language. Showing the results of a study conducted with groups of third year Bachelor students of the University of Craiova, Romania (students in Translation Studies and students in the Finance and Banking English-taught programme), across a 3-year period (2015–2017), our research aims at providing answers to the following questions: To what extent does each of these two profiles match the ideal one of a business translator? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each of the two training profiles? What specific actions can and should be taken for each of the two target groups in terms of university training?
理想的译者形象对于希望提供完美表现的翻译提供者和希望获得完美服务的翻译受益人来说都是一个至关重要的问题。在罗马尼亚高等教育的背景下,商业翻译市场上有两种截然不同的教育概况:受过翻译培训的语言学毕业生(翻译研究的3年学士和2年硕士课程),以及接受过3年和/或2年外语硕士课程的经济或商业学院毕业生。我们的研究显示了对罗马尼亚克拉约瓦大学三年级本科学生(翻译研究专业的学生和金融和银行英语授课课程的学生)进行的一项研究的结果,为期3年(2015-2017年),我们的研究旨在为以下问题提供答案:这两种概况在多大程度上与理想的商务翻译相匹配?这两种培训方案各自的优缺点是什么?在大学培训方面,可以和应该为这两个目标群体分别采取哪些具体行动?
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引用次数: 0
Surprise questions in English and French 惊喜问题(英语和法语
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0261
Agnès Celle
The aim of this article is to show that a specific type of non-canonical question, namely surprise questions, needs to be defined in its own right and differentiated from rhetorical questions. The communicative function of surprise questions is explained on the basis of three constructions – what the hell questions in English, qu’est-ce que questions, and c’est quoi ce N (i.e. an in situ interrogative followed by a right dislocation) in French. Surprise questions are reported to be expressive and to request an explanation for or a change in an activity judged to be incongruous. However, only the intensification conveyed by the hell systematically guarantees the expressive reading. In French, the surprise reading is argued to rely on a combination of syntactic structure, prosodic features, and lexical items. While qu’est-ce que questions are syntactically more complex and diverse, the in situ construction followed by a right dislocation allows for the surprise reading to be more readily identified as such.
本文的目的是表明一种特殊类型的非规范问题,即惊喜问题,需要单独定义,并与修辞问题区分开来。从英语中的what ' s hell疑问句、法语中的qu 'est -ce que疑问句和c 'est quoi ce N(即原地疑问句后右错位)三种结构来解释惊奇疑问句的交际功能。据报道,出其不意的问题是表达性的,要求对被认为不协调的活动做出解释或改变。然而,只有地狱所传达的强化才能系统地保证表达性阅读。在法语中,惊喜阅读被认为依赖于句法结构、韵律特征和词汇项目的组合。虽然quest -ce - que问题在句法上更加复杂和多样,但在原地结构之后的右错位使得惊喜阅读更容易被识别出来。
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引用次数: 0
On general extenders in literary translation and all that stuff 关于文学翻译中的一般扩展和其他问题
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0262
Nadina Vișan
The present article focuses on strategies for translating general extenders (GEs) from English into Romanian. Starting from the generally accepted definition of GEs as structures that extend utterances that are otherwise grammatically complete and that are placed in phrase- or clause-final position, I analyze samples of literary text and their respective (multiple) versions and investigate patterns in which these structures are translated. Since, as pointed out in the literature, GEs can fulfill more than one function in the text, and since in literary texts they tend to be repeatedly and meaningfully employed, the article investigates to what extent a Romanian translator can render this type of pragmatic marker into the target language in a fluid manner. This question is intriguing for at least two reasons: (a) Romanian seems to employ GEs in a more restricted manner than English and (b) repetition seems to be a stumbling block in translation. In order to solve this problem, a translator resorts to lexical variety, compensation, and omission.
本文主要讨论了通用扩展词(GEs)从英语翻译成罗马尼亚语的策略。从普遍接受的定义出发,即把语法完整的话语扩展到短语或子句结尾的结构,我分析了文学文本样本及其各自的(多个)版本,并研究了这些结构的翻译模式。由于,正如文献所指出的那样,GEs在文本中可以实现不止一种功能,并且由于在文学文本中它们往往被重复和有意义地使用,本文研究了罗马尼亚译者在多大程度上可以将这种类型的语用标记流畅地转化为目的语。这个问题很有趣,至少有两个原因:(a)罗马尼亚语似乎比英语更严格地使用ge, (b)重复似乎是翻译的绊脚石。为了解决这一问题,译者采用了词汇变化、补偿和省略等方法。
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引用次数: 0
Transnational audiovisual remakes: Suits in Arabic as a case study 跨国音像翻拍:阿拉伯语西装》案例研究
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1515/opli-2022-0256
Ibrahim Moh’d Darwish, Sara Al-Yasin
This study compares and contrasts the English and adapted (remade) Arabic versions of the American series Suits 2011 in terms of cultural, religious, and ideological aspects. The researchers compiled a parallel comparable corpus extracted from both versions. Data analysis shows that there are several similarities and differences between the source and the target versions of Suits in terms of the cast, setting, opening and credits, daily life habits, morality, and social customs. The findings show that the Arabic version highly attends to the Muslim Arab cultural norms. Nevertheless, the Arabic version frequently contains unfamiliar and unacceptable behaviour to the Muslim Arab culture, such as smoking weed and trading drugs. In other words, there are some unexplained paradoxical changes made by the makers of the Arabic version, such as adding scenes to a few episodes similar to those that were deleted in previous episodes for cultural considerations. Due to the lack of consensus on what is and what is not suitable for the target Muslim Arab audience, this study recommends that media decision-makers in the Arab World compile a list of codes that can regulate the adaptations (remakes) of famous foreign shows into the Muslim Arab culture.
本研究从文化、宗教和意识形态方面对美国电视剧《西装 2011》的英文版和改编(重制)的阿拉伯语版进行了比较和对比。研究人员编制了从两个版本中提取的平行可比语料库。数据分析显示,源版本和目标版本的《诉讼》在演员、场景、开场和片头、日常生活习惯、道德和社会习俗等方面存在一些相似之处和不同之处。研究结果表明,阿拉伯语版本高度关注阿拉伯穆斯林文化规范。然而,阿拉伯语版中也经常出现阿拉伯穆斯林文化中不熟悉、不接受的行为,如吸食大麻和买卖毒品。换句话说,阿拉伯语版本的制作者做出了一些无法解释的自相矛盾的改动,例如在几集中增加了类似于之前出于文化考虑而删除的场景。由于对什么适合什么不适合阿拉伯穆斯林目标受众缺乏共识,本研究建议阿拉伯世界的媒体决策者编制一份规范清单,以规范将外国著名节目改编(翻拍)为阿拉伯穆斯林文化的行为。
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引用次数: 0
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Open Linguistics
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