{"title":"Community Interpreting, Translation, and Technology","authors":"C. Mellinger, N. Pokorn","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00019.INT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00019.INT","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42814896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When information is elicited from children in a criminal context, both their ability and willingness to disclose is at stake. In law, the communicative vulnerability of children is manifest in forensic protocols for interviewing children. These are designed to retrieve information in a child-aware fashion, as well as to produce evidence with sufficient integrity to stand up under the scrutiny of the criminal process. This article will consider some of the added challenges of interpreter-mediated interviews for minors. Drawing on research into monolingual child interviewing, the article proposes how some of the interpreting related aspects of this challenge may be addressed through the adaptation of elements of reflexive coordination in the widely used NICHD child interviewing protocol. The authors call for the data-based testing of these adaptations and suggests that modifications of institutional speech genres for bilingual use may be a component of mainstreaming public service interpreting.
{"title":"Interpreter-mediated investigative interviews with minors","authors":"Ursula Boser, David LaRooy","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00012.BOS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00012.BOS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When information is elicited from children in a criminal context, both their ability and willingness to disclose is at stake. In\u0000 law, the communicative vulnerability of children is manifest in forensic protocols for interviewing children. These are designed\u0000 to retrieve information in a child-aware fashion, as well as to produce evidence with sufficient integrity to stand up under the\u0000 scrutiny of the criminal process. This article will consider some of the added challenges of interpreter-mediated interviews for\u0000 minors. Drawing on research into monolingual child interviewing, the article proposes how some of the interpreting related aspects\u0000 of this challenge may be addressed through the adaptation of elements of reflexive coordination in the widely used NICHD child\u0000 interviewing protocol. The authors call for the data-based testing of these adaptations and suggests that modifications of\u0000 institutional speech genres for bilingual use may be a component of mainstreaming public service interpreting.","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the standard of interpreting services in the Western Cape Provincial Legislature/Parliament to examine the concept of quality in interpreting. This study includes interviews and open-ended discussions with language practitioners, interpreters, and members of parliament. By means of a questionnaire, interpreters provided feedback on their training, working conditions, and their work experience, while the standard of the interpreting service was assessed by users of interpreting services who rated the service on eleven different levels. These different levels were derived from previous studies to connect the literature with the outcomes of the collected data. The article concludes that there is much room for improvement of the interpreting service currently provided at the provincial legislature. Furthermore, the study revealed a lack of understanding and awareness of what interpreting entails and the value of an interpreting service.
{"title":"Interpreting services in the Western Cape Legislature","authors":"K. Grove","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00014.LES","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00014.LES","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates the standard of interpreting services in the Western Cape Provincial Legislature/Parliament to examine the\u0000 concept of quality in interpreting. This study includes interviews and open-ended discussions with language practitioners,\u0000 interpreters, and members of parliament. By means of a questionnaire, interpreters provided feedback on their training, working\u0000 conditions, and their work experience, while the standard of the interpreting service was assessed by users of interpreting\u0000 services who rated the service on eleven different levels. These different levels were derived from previous studies to connect the\u0000 literature with the outcomes of the collected data. The article concludes that there is much room for improvement of the\u0000 interpreting service currently provided at the provincial legislature. Furthermore, the study revealed a lack of understanding and\u0000 awareness of what interpreting entails and the value of an interpreting service.","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contends that the traditional Chinese concept of jiao (teaching) has, through translation, greatly influenced the conceptual development of ‘religion’ in English-language scholarship. The article first demonstrates how the historical development of jiao in Chinese reveals numerous previously neglected patterns of Chinese spirituality. Using Friedrich Schleiermacher’s and Max Müller’s viewpoints, the article suggests the significance of translation in redefining a concept via the particularity of foreign culture. It then examines how James Legge, Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, William Edward Soothill, Bertrand Russell, and Ernest Richard Hughes and K. Hughes redefine religion in their translations of jiao. Highlighting jiao and religion as fluid categories via scholars’ translations and debates, my article challenges simplistic assumptions about Western supremacy in Sino-Western acculturation. It affirms the traditions and translations of jiao as powerful agents for shaping and enriching the meanings and phenomena of religion in the globalizing dynamics of human cultural interactions.
{"title":"The historical development of jiao 教 in Chinese and its impact on the concept of ‘religion’ in English\u0000 scholarship","authors":"I-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00018.CHE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00018.CHE","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article contends that the traditional Chinese concept of jiao (teaching) has, through translation, greatly influenced the\u0000 conceptual development of ‘religion’ in English-language scholarship. The article first demonstrates how the historical\u0000 development of jiao in Chinese reveals numerous previously neglected patterns of Chinese spirituality. Using Friedrich\u0000 Schleiermacher’s and Max Müller’s viewpoints, the article suggests the significance of translation in redefining a concept via the\u0000 particularity of foreign culture. It then examines how James Legge, Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, William Edward Soothill, Bertrand\u0000 Russell, and Ernest Richard Hughes and K. Hughes redefine religion in their translations of jiao. Highlighting jiao and religion\u0000 as fluid categories via scholars’ translations and debates, my article challenges simplistic assumptions about Western supremacy\u0000 in Sino-Western acculturation. It affirms the traditions and translations of jiao as powerful agents for shaping and enriching the\u0000 meanings and phenomena of religion in the globalizing dynamics of human cultural interactions.","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47823714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses issues of multilingualism in domestic violence support services, building on Tipton (2017a) and findings from a small qualitative study involving an organization in the North West of England. The aim is to shed light on how organizations construct multilingual spaces, the role played by language service provisions in the mediation of such spaces, and how interpreters handle the specificities of working with victims given the lack of available specialist training. The concept of communicative repertoire (following Blommaert and Backus 2011) is introduced to support analysis of supported and autonomous forms of communication in relation to the semiotic practices of survival in their broadest sense, casting new light on the organization’s handling of multilingual service delivery and the role of interpreter mediation.
{"title":"Translating/ed selves and voices","authors":"Rebecca Tipton","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00010.TIP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00010.TIP","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article addresses issues of multilingualism in domestic violence support services, building on Tipton (2017a) and findings from a small qualitative study involving an organization in the North West of England. The aim is to shed light on how organizations construct multilingual spaces, the role played by language service provisions in the mediation of such spaces, and how interpreters handle the specificities of working with victims given the lack of available specialist training. The concept of communicative repertoire (following Blommaert and Backus 2011) is introduced to support analysis of supported and autonomous forms of communication in relation to the semiotic practices of survival in their broadest sense, casting new light on the organization’s handling of multilingual service delivery and the role of interpreter mediation.","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Anglophone sphere, according to popular and most academic understandings, the term “ideograph” is regarded as an unproblematic synonym of 漢字 hànzì ‘Chinese character.’ On graphological grounds, i.e. as applied to writing systems, it can easily be shown that the concept of “ideograph” is both theoretically incoherent and practically unfeasible (McDonald 2016); while historically it is clear that the notion was founded on an imperfect understanding of Chinese characters as a writing system, and grew out of a European obsession with the notion of a “universal character” at a particular historical moment (Mungello 1985; Saussy 2001). Nevertheless the concept has become deeply embedded in European understandings of Chinese language and culture, to the extent that it is, in effect, a valuable conceptual possession of Western modernity (Bush 2010), and promoted alike by those with a detailed knowledge of Chinese writing, such as H. G. Creel (1936), as by those in blissful ignorance of it, like Jacques Derrida (1967/1976). In the Sinophone sphere, while for most practical purposes, as well as in a large proportion of scholarly work, more grounded understandings of Chinese characters as a writing system operate either implicitly or explicitly, the traditional emphasis on characters as a link between civilization and the cosmos (O’Neill 2013), as well as a long tradition of pedagogical “just so stories” about the construction of individual characters (e.g., Zuo 2005), provide a key point of contact with Western notions of the “ideograph” as symbolizing not a word, but an idea or an object. The situation may thus be described involving a type of inversion of the phenomenon of faux amis or “false friends,” where two different words are understood as being more or less synonymous; or alternatively as an example of Lydia Liu’s (2004) notion of a cross-lingual “supersign” where two comparable terms exercise an influence on each other across linguistic and cultural boundaries. This article will attempt to trace the genealogy of these complex and overlapping notions, and see what differing understandings of Chinese characters have to tell us about notions of cultural specificity, cultural production, and cross-cultural (mis-)communication in the contemporary globalized world.
{"title":"The “ideograph” and the 漢字 hànzì","authors":"Edward Mcdonald","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00016.MCD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00016.MCD","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the Anglophone sphere, according to popular and most academic understandings, the term “ideograph” is regarded as an\u0000 unproblematic synonym of 漢字 hànzì ‘Chinese character.’ On graphological grounds, i.e. as applied to writing\u0000 systems, it can easily be shown that the concept of “ideograph” is both theoretically incoherent and practically unfeasible (McDonald 2016); while historically it is clear that the notion was founded on an\u0000 imperfect understanding of Chinese characters as a writing system, and grew out of a European obsession with the notion of a\u0000 “universal character” at a particular historical moment (Mungello 1985; Saussy 2001). Nevertheless the concept has become deeply embedded in European\u0000 understandings of Chinese language and culture, to the extent that it is, in effect, a valuable conceptual possession of Western\u0000 modernity (Bush 2010), and promoted alike by those with a detailed knowledge of Chinese\u0000 writing, such as H. G. Creel (1936), as by those in blissful ignorance of it, like\u0000 Jacques Derrida (1967/1976). In the Sinophone sphere, while for most practical\u0000 purposes, as well as in a large proportion of scholarly work, more grounded understandings of Chinese characters as a writing\u0000 system operate either implicitly or explicitly, the traditional emphasis on characters as a link between civilization and the\u0000 cosmos (O’Neill 2013), as well as a long tradition of pedagogical “just so stories”\u0000 about the construction of individual characters (e.g., Zuo 2005), provide a key point of contact with Western notions of the\u0000 “ideograph” as symbolizing not a word, but an idea or an object. The situation may thus be described involving a type of inversion\u0000 of the phenomenon of faux amis or “false friends,” where two different words are understood as\u0000 being more or less synonymous; or alternatively as an example of Lydia Liu’s (2004)\u0000 notion of a cross-lingual “supersign” where two comparable terms exercise an influence on each other across linguistic and\u0000 cultural boundaries. This article will attempt to trace the genealogy of these complex and overlapping notions, and see what\u0000 differing understandings of Chinese characters have to tell us about notions of cultural specificity, cultural production, and\u0000 cross-cultural (mis-)communication in the contemporary globalized world.","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48038256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Students of interpreting training may go through drastic cognitive changes, but current empirical findings are disparate and isolated. To integrate these findings and to obtain a better understanding of interpreting training, the present article tries to reinterpret students of interpreting training as complex dynamic systems. Relying primarily on longitudinal empirical data from several existing studies, the article illustrates how the initial state of some key parameters influences the progress of the systems, how the parameters themselves evolve, and how interpreting competence develops as a result of self-organization. The hope is that a metatheoretical framework such as Dynamic Systems Theory will allow specific findings and particularistic models for interpreting training to be integrated. Moreover, this approach may allow false dichotomies in the field to be overcome and seemingly contradictory data in empirical reports to be better understood, thereby providing guidelines for future research.
{"title":"Complex dynamic systems in students of interpreting training","authors":"Yanping Dong","doi":"10.1075/TIS.00011.DON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TIS.00011.DON","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Students of interpreting training may go through drastic cognitive changes, but current empirical findings are disparate and isolated. To integrate these findings and to obtain a better understanding of interpreting training, the present article tries to reinterpret students of interpreting training as complex dynamic systems. Relying primarily on longitudinal empirical data from several existing studies, the article illustrates how the initial state of some key parameters influences the progress of the systems, how the parameters themselves evolve, and how interpreting competence develops as a result of self-organization. The hope is that a metatheoretical framework such as Dynamic Systems Theory will allow specific findings and particularistic models for interpreting training to be integrated. Moreover, this approach may allow false dichotomies in the field to be overcome and seemingly contradictory data in empirical reports to be better understood, thereby providing guidelines for future research.","PeriodicalId":43877,"journal":{"name":"Translation and Interpreting Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47826173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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