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Terapéutica para tratar el cólera en Yucatán, México (1833-1853). Medicina fisiológica, herbolaria local y régimen moral 墨西哥yucatan的霍乱治疗(1833-1853)。生理医学,地方草药和道德养生
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.12
P. Moreno
This article analyzes the pillars that supported the therapeutic practice in Yucatan to treat cholera patients during the outbreaks preceding the discovery of its bacterial etiology, one in 1833 and another in 1853. Due partly to a significant evolution in scientific and medical ideas, and the dissemination of the principles of positivism, a profound process of transformation was experienced, which brought, among other things, new perceptions of the disease as well as schemes different from the colonials to deal with emergencies and ensure public health. However, given the lack of consensus about the origin of cholera and its means of propagation, the government promoted different therapeutic techniques practiced in Europe or the United States, alongside local knowledge on the medicinal use of herbs, while also reviving old ideas on the impact of individual moral behavior in the tendency to contract the disease and eventually die.
这篇文章分析了在1833年和1853年发现霍乱的细菌病因之前,支持在尤卡坦半岛治疗霍乱患者的治疗实践的支柱。部分由于科学和医学观念的重大演变以及实证主义原则的传播,经历了一个深刻的转变过程,其中包括对疾病的新认识以及不同于殖民地处理紧急情况和确保公共卫生的计划。然而,由于对霍乱的起源及其传播方式缺乏共识,政府推广了在欧洲或美国实施的不同治疗技术,以及当地关于草药用途的知识,同时也恢复了关于个人道德行为对感染疾病并最终死亡趋势的影响的旧观念。
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引用次数: 1
Ciencia en el Barroco español: nuevas fuentes documentales de Jerónimo de Ayanz 西班牙巴洛克时期的科学:jeronimo de Ayanz的新文献来源
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.01
N. Tapia, C. Muñoz, A. Paredes
Recently, a printed document of Jeronimo de Ayanz, acquired by the Biblioteca Nacional de Espana (the National Library of Spain), has revealed that this inventor was active until the very last days of his life and shows his interest in technology, research and science. The document, addressed to the Prince Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, is one chapter of a book, of which no copies are known, that Ayanz had prepared in 1612 and that he probably wanted to publish with the support of the Prince. In this paper we present and comment this important text, where the author discusses central scientific subjects of his time such as the compulsory movement of the elements, the existence of vacuum, the possibility of perpetual motion, the sphere of fire and falling bodies.
最近,西班牙国家图书馆(Biblioteca Nacional de Espana)获得的一份关于Jeronimo de Ayanz的印刷文件显示,这位发明家直到生命的最后几天都很活跃,并显示出他对技术、研究和科学的兴趣。这份写给萨沃伊的伊曼纽尔·菲利伯特亲王的文件,是一本书的一章,没有副本,是阿扬兹在1612年准备的,他可能想在亲王的支持下出版。在本文中,我们介绍并评论了这篇重要的文章,其中作者讨论了他那个时代的核心科学问题,如元素的强制运动,真空的存在,永动机的可能性,火球和落体。
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引用次数: 0
Análisis de la mortalidad expósita de la Inclusa de Toledo (1900-1930) 托莱多市暴露死亡率分析(1900-1930)
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.09
N. Espinosa, Rafael Villena Espinosa, A. C. Cuenca
The aim of this work is to analyze the mortality and its causes in the abandoned children of the Children’s home of Toledo, who were born in the Maternity House, because it was a homogeneous group which had the same conditions in their delivery and they were abandoned at the moment of their birth. It allows us to compare the mortality of this group of foundlings with the mortality of the general population and with the mortality of those abandoned in other Charity Institutions. This paper explains the different factors which could determine the mortality.
这项工作的目的是分析托莱多儿童之家被遗弃儿童的死亡率及其原因,这些儿童出生在产妇之家,因为这是一个同质群体,他们在分娩时具有相同的条件,他们出生时就被遗弃了。它使我们能够将这群弃婴的死亡率与一般人群的死亡率以及被其他慈善机构遗弃的婴儿的死亡率进行比较。本文解释了影响死亡率的各种因素。
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引用次数: 1
Reforma sanitaria, salud pública y bienestar biológico durante la industrialización española: el caso de Alcoy, 1840-1915 西班牙工业化时期的卫生改革、公共卫生和生物福利:以Alcoy为例,1840-1915
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.07
J. García-Gómez, J. Puche
This article analyses the effects of the sanitary reform on the biological welfare and the Health of the Spanish population during the industrialization process. Examines the case of Alcoy, one of the pioneer hubs of the Spanish industrialization. The main sources of the study are the municipality budgets of Public Health and the stature of the conscripts. Results show that the starting of the sanitary reform, in the late 19th, meant not only an improvement of the conditions and the salubrity of the city, but of the resident´s state of health. Until the liberal politicians did not increase the public health and the urban infrastructures assignments on the Budgets, Alcoy suffered the initial problems of the urban penalty, with negative effects that were revealed directly in the increasing morbi-mortality and the falling stature. Data suggest a positive correlation between active public health politics and biological welfare.
本文分析了西班牙工业化进程中卫生改革对生物福利和人口健康的影响。考察了西班牙工业化先驱中心之一的阿尔科伊的案例。这项研究的主要来源是市政公共卫生预算和应征入伍者的地位。结果表明,19世纪末开始的卫生改革不仅改善了城市的条件和健康状况,而且改善了居民的健康状况。在自由派政治家没有在预算中增加公共卫生和城市基础设施的拨款之前,阿尔科伊遭受了城市惩罚的最初问题,其负面影响直接体现在发病率和死亡率的增加和身材的下降上。数据显示,积极的公共卫生政策与生物福利之间存在正相关关系。
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引用次数: 2
La implantación de las Gotas de Leche en España (1902-1935): un estudio a partir de la prensa histórica 牛奶滴在西班牙的植入(1902-1935):来自历史出版社的研究
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.10
F. Pradas
Milk Depots were health care institutions involved in fighting against high levels of child mortality in Spain in the first third of 20th century. They promoted the improvement of food hygiene of the newborn. This article reconstructs the trajectory of its implementation until the Spanish Civil War. Given the limited number of statistical sources available, it has been used as documentary source digitized historical newspapers. Analysis of these documents and other published studies leads to the estimation that this institution was deployed in 79 cities between 1902 and 1935. Milk Depots were settled mostly in provincial capitals, in all regions, including the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. Before 1936, a complete sequence of expansion and stabilization took place in the opening of these centers. This opening seems to respond most to influence of existing medical and charitable institutions that infant mortality levels prevailing at that time. Examination of the news shows as setting up a Milk Depot was not the outcome of a simple decision process, implemented quickly. The management was not exempt from difficulties. They came mainly from the lack of financial support or they were consequence from greater demand for their services.
牛奶仓库是20世纪前三分之一时期在西班牙与高水平儿童死亡率作斗争的保健机构。他们促进了新生儿食品卫生的改善。本文重建了西班牙内战之前,其实施的轨迹。由于可用的统计来源有限,它已被用作文献来源的数字化历史报纸。对这些文件和其他已发表的研究进行分析后估计,该机构在1902年至1935年期间部署在79个城市。牛奶仓库主要安置在所有地区的省会城市,包括西班牙在摩洛哥的保护国。在1936年之前,这些中心的开放经历了一系列完整的扩张和稳定。这一开放似乎对当时婴儿死亡率普遍偏高的现有医疗和慈善机构的影响作出了最大的反应。新闻审查显示,设立牛奶仓库并不是一个简单决策过程的结果,而是迅速实施的。管理部门也有困难。这主要是由于缺乏财政支助,或者是由于对其服务的需求增加所致。
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引用次数: 4
Los pacientes del Manicomio La Castañeda y sus diagnósticos. Una propuesta desde la historia cuantitativa (México, 1910-1968) La castaneda精神病院的病人及其诊断。定量历史的建议(墨西哥,1910-1968)
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.15
Andrés Ríos Molina, Cristina Sacristán, T. Sacristán, Ximena López Carrillo
During its 58 years in operation (1910-1968), the Manicomio General La Castaneda housed 61,480 people. In this paper, we present an overview of the general characteristic of the patients based on a 20% sample of the overall population. We divided the text in three sections: in the first part we argue that the history of the institution comprises three distinctive periods characterized by demographic changes that coincide with administrative reforms. In the second, we present the general characteristics of La Castaneda's psychiatric population. Finally, we describe the most salient demographic changes, which stemmed either from socio-political events, technological innovations or clinical transformations. Some of the most salient results of the analysis of the sample show that the inmate population had short periods of hospitalization in the asylum (an average of 18 month), as well as a lower mortality rate (24.2%) in comparison to contemporary mental institutions. Families played a fundamental role in the care of their mad relatives, which accounts for the relatively short periods of hospitalization as well as the low death rates. Consequently, for this particular institution, chronic patients weren't such a serious problem as believed.
在其58年的运营期间(1910-1968年),Manicomio General La Castaneda容纳了61480人。在本文中,我们提出了患者的总体特征的概述,基于20%的总体人口的样本。我们将本文分为三个部分:在第一部分中,我们认为该机构的历史包括三个不同的时期,其特征是与行政改革相吻合的人口变化。在第二部分,我们介绍了La Castaneda精神病学人群的一般特征。最后,我们描述了最显著的人口变化,这源于社会政治事件,技术创新或临床转变。对样本进行分析的一些最突出的结果表明,囚犯在收容所的住院时间较短(平均为18个月),死亡率(24.2%)低于当代精神病院。家庭在照顾他们的疯癫亲属方面发挥了根本作用,这是住院时间相对较短和死亡率较低的原因。因此,对于这个特殊的机构来说,慢性病患者并不像人们认为的那样是个严重的问题。
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引用次数: 7
Lucien Cuénot, Richard Goldschmidt y Miquel Crusafont Pairó Lucien cuenot, Richard Goldschmidt和Miquel Crusafont pairo
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.05
A. Casinos
An unpublished text, corresponding to a communication done by Crusafont Pairo is analysed. The communication is strongly critical with Cuenot’s necrology published previously by Goldschmidt, where he regrets the teleological ideas on evolution that Cuenot maintained in the last years of his life.
一份未发表的文本,对应于Crusafont Pairo所做的通信进行了分析。这封信强烈批评了戈德施米特先前发表的古诺的死亡论,他在书中对古诺在生命的最后几年坚持的进化论的目的论观点表示遗憾。
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引用次数: 1
Morbilidad y mortalidad de los soldados del ejército español, 1886-1933 1886-1933年西班牙军队士兵的发病率和死亡率
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.08
Roser Nicolau, Pedro Fatjó
This article presents the first results of a research project aimed at studying the state of health of Spanish army troops in peacetime between 1860 and 1936. Special attention is paid to mortality, morbidity, and the typology of the diseases which had the greatest impact on this group. Two methodological objectives are pursued: first, an introduction to the possibilities and limitations of historical sanitary records for the study of the state of health of the military class is carried out; second, the number of military recruits and their collective features as a group, and to what degree this group is representative of their age and gender group as a whole, are examined. Similarly, the initial results on some indicators of mortality and morbidity among both the drafted troops and the civilian population, as reflected in sanitary records, are also set forth.
本文介绍了一项旨在研究1860年至1936年和平时期西班牙军队健康状况的研究项目的初步结果。特别关注对这一群体影响最大的疾病的死亡率、发病率和类型。两个方法学目标是追求:首先,介绍历史卫生记录的可能性和局限性,以研究军事阶层的健康状况;其次,考察新兵的人数和群体的集体特征,以及这个群体在多大程度上代表了他们的年龄和性别群体。同样,还列出了卫生记录所反映的应征部队和平民的一些死亡率和发病率指标的初步结果。
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引用次数: 2
La socialización de los practicantes a través de los manuales del Dr. Felipe Sáenz de Cenzano 1907-1942 通过Felipe博士saenz de Cenzano 1907-1942的手册进行实践者的社会化
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2016.11
Isabel Blázquez Ornat
Since the creation of the qualification of Spanish practitioner “ practicante ” in 1857 in Spain, its teaching was regulated by several curriculums until the unification in 1953 of the three auxiliary degrees in medicine (“practicante”, midwife and nurse), in the technical health assistant (ATS). This paper analyzes the socialization of “ practicantes ” through the various editions of “ El Manual del Practicante ” (1907, 1922, 1934 and 1942), prepared by the physician in charge of their formal education in Zaragoza, Felipe Saenz de Cenzano. After analyzing its structure and content, especially the basis of their knowledge and technical skills or nursing care, we highlight the differences observed in the manuals and the legally established, which were always more restrictive. In summary, it be outlined the configuration of two different work settings, the city and the rural area, that projected two different professional images.
自1857年在西班牙设立西班牙执业医师"实习医师"资格以来,其教学一直受到若干课程的规范,直到1953年医学三个辅助学位("实习医师"、助产士和护士)在技术卫生助理(ATS)中统一。本文通过萨拉戈萨负责他们正规教育的医生Felipe Saenz de Cenzano编写的各种版本的《El Manual del Practicante》(1907年、1922年、1934年和1942年)来分析“实习生”的社会化。在分析了其结构和内容,特别是他们的知识和技术技能或护理基础后,我们强调了手册中观察到的差异,法律规定的限制总是更多。总之,它概述了两种不同的工作环境,城市和农村地区的配置,投射了两种不同的专业形象。
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引用次数: 1
Orígenes y fundación del Instituto Geológico de México 墨西哥地质研究所的起源和成立
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-12-30 DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.21
L. Rodríguez, J. O. M. Maya
This article aims for the creation and early works of the Mexican Geological Commission (1888), antecedent the Geological Institute of Mexico in 1891. Its establishment said the model of the Geological Survey, institutions created since the early decades of the century in more developed economically and expansionist vocation for searching, prospecting, survey and mapping of mineral and geological resources by experts.
本文旨在介绍1891年墨西哥地质研究所成立之前的墨西哥地质委员会(1888年)的创建和早期工作。它的成立堪称地质调查局的典范,是自本世纪初以来在经济较为发达和扩张的职业中创建的由专家从事矿产和地质资源的查找、勘探、测绘的机构。
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引用次数: 2
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Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia
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