Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.25
D. Matusevich
Alexander Crichton was born in Edinburgh in 1763; he graduated from Leyden University and travelled through Berlin, Paris, Stuttgart, Prague and Gotinga to perfect his knowledge in medicine while he establish a deep connection between the social media and the culture of those places. On 1798 he published An inquiry into the nature and origin of Mental Derangement, the only book he wrote dedicated to madness. In this paper we review some questions referred to the general method that the author applies, his contributions to the semiotics of the mind and to the analysis of the process of aging and the function of the attention; we also take a look to his conception of the world of passions and of madness, who influenced Philippe Pinel and Dominique Esquirol and also constitute a cornerstone in the birth of psychiatry.
{"title":"La pasión de Alexander Crichton","authors":"D. Matusevich","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.25","url":null,"abstract":"Alexander Crichton was born in Edinburgh in 1763; he graduated from Leyden University and travelled through Berlin, Paris, Stuttgart, Prague and Gotinga to perfect his knowledge in medicine while he establish a deep connection between the social media and the culture of those places. On 1798 he published An inquiry into the nature and origin of Mental Derangement, the only book he wrote dedicated to madness. In this paper we review some questions referred to the general method that the author applies, his contributions to the semiotics of the mind and to the analysis of the process of aging and the function of the attention; we also take a look to his conception of the world of passions and of madness, who influenced Philippe Pinel and Dominique Esquirol and also constitute a cornerstone in the birth of psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"77 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89200973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.26
J. C. Stagnaro
The Rhapsodieen by Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813), edited in 1803, gave a crucial boost to care and treatment reforms for the mentally ill in Prussia. Reil, professor at the University of Halle, maintained that the causes of human illnesses cannot be distinguished as purely mental, chemical of physical, but as the result of an essential interaction among these three domains. Also, he formulated the basis of a new specialty, which he called psychiatry; he proposed the rights of people with mental illness, denounced the effects of the social stigma affecting them, defended the creation of specialized institutions which are adequate for them, stressed the responsibility of the government and the whole society for the citizens afflicted with these disorders, and proposed psychic cure as a fundamental treatment, both for mental and somatic illnesses, at a level equivalent to pharmacological treatments and surgery.
{"title":"LOS APORTES DE JOHANN CHRISTIAN REIL AL NACIMIENTO DE LA PSIQUIATRÍA","authors":"J. C. Stagnaro","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.26","url":null,"abstract":"The Rhapsodieen by Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813), edited in 1803, gave a crucial boost to care and treatment reforms for the mentally ill in Prussia. Reil, professor at the University of Halle, maintained that the causes of human illnesses cannot be distinguished as purely mental, chemical of physical, but as the result of an essential interaction among these three domains. Also, he formulated the basis of a new specialty, which he called psychiatry; he proposed the rights of people with mental illness, denounced the effects of the social stigma affecting them, defended the creation of specialized institutions which are adequate for them, stressed the responsibility of the government and the whole society for the citizens afflicted with these disorders, and proposed psychic cure as a fundamental treatment, both for mental and somatic illnesses, at a level equivalent to pharmacological treatments and surgery.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"37 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81986978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.27
Luz Fernanda Azuela Bernal, R. A. V. Y. O. Báez
In the first half of the Nineteenth Century a large diversity of scientific activities were performed in Mexico City, establishing the foundation of a scientific culture. This paper will analyze its features, revealing the numerous activities of rational entertainment and learned performances that were complemented by the scientific contents of many literary magazines published during that time. As a result, the contents and values of Nineteenth Century science were appropriated by men and women of the middle and upper classes, who extended them into the larger public.
{"title":"Ciencia y público en la ciudad de México en la primera mitad del siglo XIX","authors":"Luz Fernanda Azuela Bernal, R. A. V. Y. O. Báez","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.27","url":null,"abstract":"In the first half of the Nineteenth Century a large diversity of scientific activities were performed in Mexico City, establishing the foundation of a scientific culture. This paper will analyze its features, revealing the numerous activities of rational entertainment and learned performances that were complemented by the scientific contents of many literary magazines published during that time. As a result, the contents and values of Nineteenth Century science were appropriated by men and women of the middle and upper classes, who extended them into the larger public.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"39 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77537530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.22
J. C. Stagnaro
Aunque investigaciones posteriores matizaron ese lugar mitico del clinico frances, en el imaginario colectivo se le sigue atribuyendo todo el credito del origen de la medicina mental, tanto en lo referente a la famosa “liberacion de los locos de sus cadenas” como, utilizando la expresion foucaultiana, del «nacimiento de la clinica (psiquiatria)», sin tener suficientemente en cuenta que dicho momento fundacional de la psiquiatria respondio a un proceso complejo que se desarrollo de manera mas o menos simultanea en diversos lugares de Europa, en un marco intelectual (filantropico e ilustrado) que propicio una nueva forma de entender la locura y de actuar sobre el loco.
{"title":"Introducción: En torno al origen del primer alienismo","authors":"J. C. Stagnaro","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.22","url":null,"abstract":"Aunque investigaciones posteriores matizaron ese lugar mitico del clinico frances, en el imaginario colectivo se le sigue atribuyendo todo el credito del origen de la medicina mental, tanto en lo referente a la famosa “liberacion de los locos de sus cadenas” como, utilizando la expresion foucaultiana, del «nacimiento de la clinica (psiquiatria)», sin tener suficientemente en cuenta que dicho momento fundacional de la psiquiatria respondio a un proceso complejo que se desarrollo de manera mas o menos simultanea en diversos lugares de Europa, en un marco intelectual (filantropico e ilustrado) que propicio una nueva forma de entender la locura y de actuar sobre el loco.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"33 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86754643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.V67.I2
A. D. Pablos
La importancia que para la comprensión de la cultura contemporánea han tenido y tienen los estudios sobre investigación, producción y consumo de fármacos, es algo que ya habían mostrado trabajos desde la historia sociocultural de la ciencia y de la medicina. Pero en estos trabajos no estaba presente la perspectiva de género. Gendered Drugs and Medicine. Historical and Socio-Cultural Perspectives hace precisamente eso: incorpora a las mujeres como agentes del proceso y amplía de forma sugerente el conocimiento que hasta ahora teníamos de la prescripción, uso, consumo y distribución de fármacos. Los trabajos aquí reunidos dibujan un nuevo mapa que visibiliza espacios hasta ahora no presentes en la cartografía: los fármacos estudiados sugieren cambios importantes en los discursos que hasta ahora habían conformado nuestra cultura.
{"title":"Ortiz-Gómez, Teresa y Santesmases, María Jesús (eds.), Gendered Drugs and Medicine. Historical and Socio-Cultural Perspectives . Farnham, U.K., Ashgate, 2014, 246 páginas [ISBN: 9781409454045]","authors":"A. D. Pablos","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.V67.I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.V67.I2","url":null,"abstract":"La importancia que para la comprensión de la cultura contemporánea han tenido y tienen los estudios sobre investigación, producción y consumo de fármacos, es algo que ya habían mostrado trabajos desde la historia sociocultural de la ciencia y de la medicina. Pero en estos trabajos no estaba presente la perspectiva de género. Gendered Drugs and Medicine. Historical and Socio-Cultural Perspectives hace precisamente eso: incorpora a las mujeres como agentes del proceso y amplía de forma sugerente el conocimiento que hasta ahora teníamos de la prescripción, uso, consumo y distribución de fármacos. Los trabajos aquí reunidos dibujan un nuevo mapa que visibiliza espacios hasta ahora no presentes en la cartografía: los fármacos estudiados sugieren cambios importantes en los discursos que hasta ahora habían conformado nuestra cultura.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"36 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85392026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.20
Francesco Gerali, Paolo Riguzzi
In 1851, John McLeod Murphy was the junior officer of the U.S. Navy in charge of drafting the hydrographic report during the scientific expedition of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, directed by Major Barnard. During his survey Murphy observed the oil springs and lakes scattered around the Atlantic Plains of the Isthmus. Years later in New York, Murphy was observing with interest the massive wealth generated by petroleum; he decided to move again to the Isthmus to explore more thoroughly the area. In 1865 Murphy prepared an important feasibility study on the possibility to build oil settlements in South Veracruz. Geographic survey, topographic measurements, geological interpretation, and logistic, are some of the elements proposed by Murphy to describe the making of oil in the uncontaminated and wild Mexican natural landscapes.
{"title":"Entender la naturaleza para crear una industria. El petróleo en la exploración de John Mcleod Murphy en el istmo de Tehuantepec, 1865","authors":"Francesco Gerali, Paolo Riguzzi","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.20","url":null,"abstract":"In 1851, John McLeod Murphy was the junior officer of the U.S. Navy in charge of drafting the hydrographic report during the scientific expedition of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, directed by Major Barnard. During his survey Murphy observed the oil springs and lakes scattered around the Atlantic Plains of the Isthmus. Years later in New York, Murphy was observing with interest the massive wealth generated by petroleum; he decided to move again to the Isthmus to explore more thoroughly the area. In 1865 Murphy prepared an important feasibility study on the possibility to build oil settlements in South Veracruz. Geographic survey, topographic measurements, geological interpretation, and logistic, are some of the elements proposed by Murphy to describe the making of oil in the uncontaminated and wild Mexican natural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"1 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87775330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.30
Francisco Orrego G.
In general, the work of the Chilean ex Jesuit Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829) has not been studied under the light of history of geology. This article attempts to reconstruct the origin and morphology of the ideas in which the Chilean naturalist developed about the internal structure of the Earth. We will see how the geological ideas elaborated by Molina went beyond the scientific reflection. The development of a particular discipline as political economy during the eighteenth century also influenced Juan Ignacio Molina´s thoughts about the internal organization of the Earth, geological processes and the descriptions of the nature of Chilean kingdom in the late eighteenth century.
{"title":"El “Mundus Subterraneus” de Juan Ignacio Molina o el geólogo como economista","authors":"Francisco Orrego G.","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.30","url":null,"abstract":"In general, the work of the Chilean ex Jesuit Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829) has not been studied under the light of history of geology. This article attempts to reconstruct the origin and morphology of the ideas in which the Chilean naturalist developed about the internal structure of the Earth. We will see how the geological ideas elaborated by Molina went beyond the scientific reflection. The development of a particular discipline as political economy during the eighteenth century also influenced Juan Ignacio Molina´s thoughts about the internal organization of the Earth, geological processes and the descriptions of the nature of Chilean kingdom in the late eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"166 1","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73196536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.18
J. A. U. Salas, Laura Valdivia Moreno
In this article an inventory of texts about Caverns Cacahuamilpa written in the nineteenth century is made from the literary and scientific aspects, in order to raise awareness of the approaches that were addressed and monitor the contribution of these documents at the imaginary proposal on the natural richness of Mexican geography. On the literary side, expression of Mexican romanticism and the reminiscences of this in the encyclopedic travelers are observed. As scientific discourse, it is clear the effort to study the territory, find exploitable materials and discuss deeper issues such as the age of the Earth or the antiquity of the man in America.
{"title":"Historia, literatura y ciencia en la exploración de las cavernas de Cacahuamilpa en el siglo XIX","authors":"J. A. U. Salas, Laura Valdivia Moreno","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.18","url":null,"abstract":"In this article an inventory of texts about Caverns Cacahuamilpa written in the nineteenth century is made from the literary and scientific aspects, in order to raise awareness of the approaches that were addressed and monitor the contribution of these documents at the imaginary proposal on the natural richness of Mexican geography. On the literary side, expression of Mexican romanticism and the reminiscences of this in the encyclopedic travelers are observed. As scientific discourse, it is clear the effort to study the territory, find exploitable materials and discuss deeper issues such as the age of the Earth or the antiquity of the man in America.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"11 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74841954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.28
M. E. Constantino
In 1776, a strategy to acquire and increase the number of specimens in the collections of the Royal Cabinet of Natural History in Madrid was implemented by its director, Pedro Franco Davila. The plan that involved correspondents, expeditionaries, savants and amateurs in America and Europe, asked for the sending of consignments of natural products usually associated to a series of indexes and inventories that documented the shipments, and allowed the control of their transit to Madrid. This article explores the documentary corpus generated around the collections of natural history sent to the Royal Cabinet of Natural History of Madrid, and searches for the analysis of its instrumental dimension as indispensable tools for the registration and stabilization of information about the diverse processes, practices and actors implied in nature’s collecting and knowledge production.
{"title":"Naturaleza y grafía. El corpus documental de las colecciones animales en el Real Gabinete de Madrid, 1752-1790","authors":"M. E. Constantino","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.28","url":null,"abstract":"In 1776, a strategy to acquire and increase the number of specimens in the collections of the Royal Cabinet of Natural History in Madrid was implemented by its director, Pedro Franco Davila. The plan that involved correspondents, expeditionaries, savants and amateurs in America and Europe, asked for the sending of consignments of natural products usually associated to a series of indexes and inventories that documented the shipments, and allowed the control of their transit to Madrid. This article explores the documentary corpus generated around the collections of natural history sent to the Royal Cabinet of Natural History of Madrid, and searches for the analysis of its instrumental dimension as indispensable tools for the registration and stabilization of information about the diverse processes, practices and actors implied in nature’s collecting and knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"63 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84794472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.24
R. Huertas
La Philosophie de la folie (1791; 2nd ed.: 1804) constitutes an essential precursor of what would later come to be known as moral treatment. Its author, Joseph Daquin, was a physician at the Hospice des Incurables patients in the city of Chambery (formerly the Duchy of Savoy; Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia) from 1788. The work contains his thoughts on nature and the causes of madness, and is clearly in tune with the philanthropic trends of the end of the Enlightenment. It defends humane treatment of lunatics at all times, revises traditional treatments and introduces new forms of therapy. Daquin emphasizes the Hippocratic (and enlightened) prudence of the vis medicatrix naturae and diet, understood as a regimen for life, as the health of the soul. In short, a detailed analysis of the work by Daquin, overlooked by his Parisian contemporaries, will enable us to evaluate and affirm his importance to the origins of alienism.
{"title":"De la filosofía de la locura a la higiene del alma. Joseph Daquin (1732-1815)","authors":"R. Huertas","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2015.24","url":null,"abstract":"La Philosophie de la folie (1791; 2nd ed.: 1804) constitutes an essential precursor of what would later come to be known as moral treatment. Its author, Joseph Daquin, was a physician at the Hospice des Incurables patients in the city of Chambery (formerly the Duchy of Savoy; Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia) from 1788. The work contains his thoughts on nature and the causes of madness, and is clearly in tune with the philanthropic trends of the end of the Enlightenment. It defends humane treatment of lunatics at all times, revises traditional treatments and introduces new forms of therapy. Daquin emphasizes the Hippocratic (and enlightened) prudence of the vis medicatrix naturae and diet, understood as a regimen for life, as the health of the soul. In short, a detailed analysis of the work by Daquin, overlooked by his Parisian contemporaries, will enable us to evaluate and affirm his importance to the origins of alienism.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"15 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78300826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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