Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3989/asclepio.2019.20
Juan Marcos Bonet Safont
We will explore the literary image of animal magnetism and hypnosis through the analysis of two works of fiction: the novels Richard Marsh’s The Beetle: A Mystery (1897) and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897). During all the 19th century and mainly at its last, many authors used animal magnetism and hypnosis in their fictional creations in an environmental or plot way, so much that Arthur Quiller-Couch, an important literary critic of the nineteenth century, spoke about the emergence of a new literary subgenre that he called “hypnotic fiction”. Starting from the idea that in this mesmeric and hypnotic fiction literature you can clearly trace differentiated stereotypes of magnetizers and hypnotists (some of them more classic than others) which perform a diverse and even antagonistic use of animal magnetism and hypnosis, we will show the relationship of this knowledge with the figure of the monster in the creations of Richard Marsh and Bram Stoker and how these cannot be reduced to the stereotype of a villain magnetizer/ hypnotist, as mesmeric and hypnotic powers work here as aggregates to conform the monstrosity of the character.
{"title":"Hipnosis, magnetismo animal y monstruosidad en la literatura inglesa de finales del siglo XIX","authors":"Juan Marcos Bonet Safont","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2019.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.20","url":null,"abstract":"We will explore the literary image of animal magnetism and hypnosis through the analysis of two works of fiction: the novels Richard Marsh’s The Beetle: A Mystery (1897) and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897). During all the 19th century and mainly at its last, many authors used animal magnetism and hypnosis in their fictional creations in an environmental or plot way, so much that Arthur Quiller-Couch, an important literary critic of the nineteenth century, spoke about the emergence of a new literary subgenre that he called “hypnotic fiction”. Starting from the idea that in this mesmeric and hypnotic fiction literature you can clearly trace differentiated stereotypes of magnetizers and hypnotists (some of them more classic than others) which perform a diverse and even antagonistic use of animal magnetism and hypnosis, we will show the relationship of this knowledge with the figure of the monster in the creations of Richard Marsh and Bram Stoker and how these cannot be reduced to the stereotype of a villain magnetizer/ hypnotist, as mesmeric and hypnotic powers work here as aggregates to conform the monstrosity of the character.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"11 1","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73354546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3989/asclepio.2019.22
R. Bilbao, R. Huertas
This article identifies and proposes five key elements to be taken into account in analysing the reception and development of psychoanalysis in Spain under the later Franco regime and during the Transition: 1) the absence – or very limited presence – of psychoanalytic points of reference in psychiatric production during the 1950s and 1960s; 2) the connections between psychoanalysis, anti-psychiatry and structuralism; 3) the importance of the arrival in Spain of Oscar Masotta, and his ‘lay’ psychoanalysis, in consolidating a psychoanalytic discourse and practice outside the IPA; 4) the influence of Argentinian psychoanalysts who came to Spain following the coup d’etat in their country; and 5) the importance of the Revista de la Asociacion Espanola de Neuropsiquiatria in disseminating and communicating psychoanalysis. These five keys group together situations and processes which have been studied to varying extents, but which it seems essential to consider as a whole in order to obtain an overall view of the process. We conclude that relations between psychiatry and psychoanalysis, the circulation of knowledge, and the socio-political and cultural context, etc. explain, among other things, the characteristics of the reception and development of a post- Freudian psychoanalysis in which the Lacanian position predominated over other approaches and schools.
本文确定并提出了在分析佛朗哥政权后期和过渡时期西班牙精神分析的接受和发展时需要考虑的五个关键因素:1)20世纪50年代和60年代精神病学生产中精神分析参考点的缺失或非常有限的存在;精神分析、反精神病学和结构主义之间的联系;3) Oscar Masotta抵达西班牙的重要性，以及他的“外行”精神分析，在巩固国际摄影协会之外的精神分析话语和实践方面;4)政变后来到西班牙的阿根廷精神分析学家的影响;5)西班牙精神病学协会在传播和交流精神分析学方面的重要性。这五个关键要素将已经在不同程度上研究过的情况和过程组合在一起，但为了获得整个过程的总体视图，似乎必须将其作为一个整体加以考虑。我们的结论是，精神病学和精神分析之间的关系，知识的循环，社会政治和文化背景等，除其他外，解释了后弗洛伊德精神分析的接受和发展特征，其中拉康的立场主导了其他方法和学派。
{"title":"Cinco claves preliminares para el estudio del psicoanálisis (lacaniano) en la España del segundo franquismo y la transición","authors":"R. Bilbao, R. Huertas","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2019.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.22","url":null,"abstract":"This article identifies and proposes five key elements to be taken into account in analysing the reception and development of psychoanalysis in Spain under the later Franco regime and during the Transition: 1) the absence – or very limited presence – of psychoanalytic points of reference in psychiatric production during the 1950s and 1960s; 2) the connections between psychoanalysis, anti-psychiatry and structuralism; 3) the importance of the arrival in Spain of Oscar Masotta, and his ‘lay’ psychoanalysis, in consolidating a psychoanalytic discourse and practice outside the IPA; 4) the influence of Argentinian psychoanalysts who came to Spain following the coup d’etat in their country; and 5) the importance of the Revista de la Asociacion Espanola de Neuropsiquiatria in disseminating and communicating psychoanalysis. These five keys group together situations and processes which have been studied to varying extents, but which it seems essential to consider as a whole in order to obtain an overall view of the process. We conclude that relations between psychiatry and psychoanalysis, the circulation of knowledge, and the socio-political and cultural context, etc. explain, among other things, the characteristics of the reception and development of a post- Freudian psychoanalysis in which the Lacanian position predominated over other approaches and schools.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"9 1","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87661086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3989/asclepio.2019.15
Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez
The exhibition of preserved human bodies and remains was and is still common in some museums, also in Spain. This article reviews the gradual expansion of this exhibitions, from the scarce presence of human remains in the chambers of curiosities and the first natural history museums to the successful consolidation of this kind of exhibits in the anatomical cabinets and museums (both academic and commercial) during the last third of the 18th century and the entire 19th century. Special attention is paid to the activity carried out by Dr. Gonzalez Velasco, both in its own museums and in the Faculty of Medicine of Madrid.
{"title":"“Con su piel natural”. La exhibición museológica de cuerpos y restos humanos preservados","authors":"Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2019.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.15","url":null,"abstract":"The exhibition of preserved human bodies and remains was and is still common in some museums, also in Spain. This article reviews the gradual expansion of this exhibitions, from the scarce presence of human remains in the chambers of curiosities and the first natural history museums to the successful consolidation of this kind of exhibits in the anatomical cabinets and museums (both academic and commercial) during the last third of the 18th century and the entire 19th century. Special attention is paid to the activity carried out by Dr. Gonzalez Velasco, both in its own museums and in the Faculty of Medicine of Madrid.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"16 5","pages":"274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72447036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3989/asclepio.2019.18
J. L. López Sánchez
This work aims to show a piece of the important role that collecting and scientific collections played in the training to become naturalist during the Silver Age of Spanish science (1900-1936). It attempts to show that the Junta para Ampliacion de Estudios (JAE), the main institution that promoted such a modern scientific project, aspired to create an intellectual elite with the capacity to participate in the governance of the State (a new political culture). The JAE incarnated a rationalist scientific model that opposed the ultraconservative positions, which were defenders of a Catholic science. Both of them were involved in a struggle that was not only restricted to science, but it reached all social, political and cultural aspects of national living. This article takes the biography of the botanic Jose Cuatrecasas as starting point and its analysis will be processed from the sociocultural History of Science and the History of Ideas.
{"title":"Científicos e intelectuales, una nueva cultura política: José Cuatrecasas y las colecciones de flora tropical","authors":"J. L. López Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2019.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.18","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to show a piece of the important role that collecting and scientific collections played in the training to become naturalist during the Silver Age of Spanish science (1900-1936). It attempts to show that the Junta para Ampliacion de Estudios (JAE), the main institution that promoted such a modern scientific project, aspired to create an intellectual elite with the capacity to participate in the governance of the State (a new political culture). The JAE incarnated a rationalist scientific model that opposed the ultraconservative positions, which were defenders of a Catholic science. Both of them were involved in a struggle that was not only restricted to science, but it reached all social, political and cultural aspects of national living. This article takes the biography of the botanic Jose Cuatrecasas as starting point and its analysis will be processed from the sociocultural History of Science and the History of Ideas.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"8 1","pages":"277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76304237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3989/asclepio.2019.13
Heloisa Maria Bertol Domingues, Magali Romero Sá
This work will analyze the meaning of the collections gathered in two series of scientific expeditions carried out in Brazil from the early to the mid-twentieth century. First, it will present the collections gathered during the so-called Rondon Commission, that comprises, in fact, several expeditions held between 1907 and 1915 at the beginning of the republican period in Brazil, a period strongly marked by positivist thinking. The main objective was to construct telegraph lines in order to create intercommunication between the various States of the country and these with the federal capital and or the world. Second, it will approach the expeditions led by the anthropologist Luiz de Castro Faria, during the 1940s and 1950s, along the coast of the country, from Rio Grande do Sul to Bahia. Also, will be considered in this series, the well-known expedition to the Serra do Norte, in Mato Grosso, in 1938, whose head was Claude Levi-Straus and of which Castro Faria participated as representative of the National Museum and of the Council of Inspection of the Artistic and Scientific Expeditions. The collections assembled in both series of expeditions were destined for the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro.
这项工作将分析从20世纪早期到中期在巴西进行的两次系列科学考察中收集的收藏品的意义。首先，它将展示在所谓的伦敦委员会期间收集的藏品，实际上包括1907年至1915年巴西共和时期初期的几次探险，这一时期以实证主义思想为强烈标志。主要目的是建造电报线路，以便在美国各州之间以及与联邦首都和世界之间建立相互通信。其次，它将接近人类学家路易斯·德·卡斯特罗·法里亚(Luiz de Castro Faria)在20世纪40年代和50年代领导的探险队，沿着该国的海岸，从南巴西到巴伊亚。此外，本系列还将考虑到1938年在马托格罗索州进行的著名的北山探险，该探险的领队是克劳德·列维-斯特劳斯，卡斯特罗·法里亚作为国家博物馆和艺术和科学探险检查委员会的代表参加了这次探险。在这两个系列的探险中收集的藏品都将被运往巴西国家博物馆。
{"title":"Expedições Científicas e Colecionismo: dois exemplos no Brasil-Século XX","authors":"Heloisa Maria Bertol Domingues, Magali Romero Sá","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2019.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.13","url":null,"abstract":"This work will analyze the meaning of the collections gathered in two series of scientific expeditions carried out in Brazil from the early to the mid-twentieth century. First, it will present the collections gathered during the so-called Rondon Commission, that comprises, in fact, several expeditions held between 1907 and 1915 at the beginning of the republican period in Brazil, a period strongly marked by positivist thinking. The main objective was to construct telegraph lines in order to create intercommunication between the various States of the country and these with the federal capital and or the world. Second, it will approach the expeditions led by the anthropologist Luiz de Castro Faria, during the 1940s and 1950s, along the coast of the country, from Rio Grande do Sul to Bahia. Also, will be considered in this series, the well-known expedition to the Serra do Norte, in Mato Grosso, in 1938, whose head was Claude Levi-Straus and of which Castro Faria participated as representative of the National Museum and of the Council of Inspection of the Artistic and Scientific Expeditions. The collections assembled in both series of expeditions were destined for the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"6 1","pages":"272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80361644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3989/asclepio.2019.14
Nelson Sanjad
The article analyses the participation of the German zoologist Emilia Snethlage (1868-1929), researcher and later director of the Goeldi Museum, in Belem, Brazil, in the network of knowledge that was established in the early 20th century in the Amazonian region, aimed at ethnological research and to the collection of indigenous artifacts, and among its best known actors were Germans Theodor Koch-Grunberg (1872-1924) and Curt Nimuendaju (1883-1945). Both are recognized for working for the indigenous peoples of Brazil and for the scientific legacy in the fields of anthropology, archaeology and linguistics. Less well-known, Snethlage had, however, decisive participation in the insertion of Nimuendaju in the scientific environment. From an extensive research on documentary sources located in Brazil and Germany, it is shown that in the first period when Nimuendaju was linked to the Goeldi Museum between 1913 and 1921, Snethlage made possible his first expeditions and scientific publications, in addition to articulating his relations with German museums and ethnologists, including the one who would become his beloved friend and interlocutor, Koch-Grunberg, in order to allow him to work as a professional collector.
{"title":"Nimuendajú, a Senhorita Doutora e os ‘etnógrafos berlineses’: rede de conhecimento e espaços de circulaçâo na configuraçâo da etnologia alemâ na Amazônia no início do século XX","authors":"Nelson Sanjad","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2019.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2019.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the participation of the German zoologist Emilia Snethlage (1868-1929), researcher and later director of the Goeldi Museum, in Belem, Brazil, in the network of knowledge that was established in the early 20th century in the Amazonian region, aimed at ethnological research and to the collection of indigenous artifacts, and among its best known actors were Germans Theodor Koch-Grunberg (1872-1924) and Curt Nimuendaju (1883-1945). Both are recognized for working for the indigenous peoples of Brazil and for the scientific legacy in the fields of anthropology, archaeology and linguistics. Less well-known, Snethlage had, however, decisive participation in the insertion of Nimuendaju in the scientific environment. From an extensive research on documentary sources located in Brazil and Germany, it is shown that in the first period when Nimuendaju was linked to the Goeldi Museum between 1913 and 1921, Snethlage made possible his first expeditions and scientific publications, in addition to articulating his relations with German museums and ethnologists, including the one who would become his beloved friend and interlocutor, Koch-Grunberg, in order to allow him to work as a professional collector.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"56 1","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88739844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.17
J. Lambe
The emergence of child psychiatry in 1920s Cuba mirrored the ascent of psychiatry as a discipline imbued with broader social relevance. The extension of psychiatric expertise was centrally concerned with the figure of the “problem child”, posited as a synecdoche for a maturing sovereign state. As reformers set out to rehabilitate mentally ill and “delinquent” children, however, they frequently found themselves running up against the problem of political corruption as it impacted the institutions in which they sought to intervene. Ultimately, psychiatrists and social crusaders who had identified the problem child as a potent site for political regeneration were forced to reverse the causal direction of their reformist logic: it was the state itself that would have to be rehabilitated in order to achieve their medical and social goals.
{"title":"El niño problema como objeto institucional: la psiquiatría infantil en Cuba, 1926-1945","authors":"J. Lambe","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.17","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of child psychiatry in 1920s Cuba mirrored the ascent of psychiatry as a discipline imbued with broader social relevance. The extension of psychiatric expertise was centrally concerned with the figure of the “problem child”, posited as a synecdoche for a maturing sovereign state. As reformers set out to rehabilitate mentally ill and “delinquent” children, however, they frequently found themselves running up against the problem of political corruption as it impacted the institutions in which they sought to intervene. Ultimately, psychiatrists and social crusaders who had identified the problem child as a potent site for political regeneration were forced to reverse the causal direction of their reformist logic: it was the state itself that would have to be rehabilitated in order to achieve their medical and social goals.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"172 1","pages":"194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73250396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.20
Indalecio Lozano Cámara
Recent years have been witness to a vast outpouring of publications on hemp from many different scientific perspectives. Among them, Ethnobotany is interested in tracking how human action determined the cultural diffusion of this plant and how human beings have interacted with it throughout history. Within the theoretical frame of historical Ethnobotany, philological studies can provide us with a great deal of relevant information as they help us to reconstruct the cultural diffusion of hemp uses and products in the context of different ages and geographical spaces. So far, there is not available any publication on cannabis cultivation and its ethnobotanical uses in Arab-Islamic civilization. In this article we analyse several different aspects concerning this topic: cultivation, harvesting, retting and fiber separation techniques, human food and culinary uses, animal feed uses, raw material for threads, robes, cloth and paper fabrication uses, insecticide, animal repellent, medication in veterinary medicine, detergent, combustible and ritual incense uses. Our research is based on the information we find in nearly thirty Arabic scientific sources written between the 7th and the 18th centuries. This information enables us to claim that hemp techniques cultivation and uses were transferred from the pre-Islamic Ancient World civilizations to the Arab-Islamic civilization.
{"title":"Cultivo y usos etnobotánicos del cañamo ( Cannabis Sativa L.) en la ciencia árabe (siglos VIII-XVII)","authors":"Indalecio Lozano Cámara","doi":"10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.20","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have been witness to a vast outpouring of publications on hemp from many different scientific perspectives. Among them, Ethnobotany is interested in tracking how human action determined the cultural diffusion of this plant and how human beings have interacted with it throughout history. Within the theoretical frame of historical Ethnobotany, philological studies can provide us with a great deal of relevant information as they help us to reconstruct the cultural diffusion of hemp uses and products in the context of different ages and geographical spaces. So far, there is not available any publication on cannabis cultivation and its ethnobotanical uses in Arab-Islamic civilization. In this article we analyse several different aspects concerning this topic: cultivation, harvesting, retting and fiber separation techniques, human food and culinary uses, animal feed uses, raw material for threads, robes, cloth and paper fabrication uses, insecticide, animal repellent, medication in veterinary medicine, detergent, combustible and ritual incense uses. Our research is based on the information we find in nearly thirty Arabic scientific sources written between the 7th and the 18th centuries. This information enables us to claim that hemp techniques cultivation and uses were transferred from the pre-Islamic Ancient World civilizations to the Arab-Islamic civilization.","PeriodicalId":44082,"journal":{"name":"Asclepio-Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia","volume":"19 1","pages":"197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91353258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.13
A. T. A. Venâncio, José Roberto Saiol
Este trabajo analiza la forma en que la prensa de la capital republicana difundio informaciones durante la primera decada del siglo XX, contribuyendo a la formacion de opiniones acerca del Hospicio Nacional de Alienados (HNA), primera institucion psiquiatrica brasilena que abrio sus puertas en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro en 1852. Para esta investigacion hemos analizado las noticias sobre el Hospicio en dos diarios: O Paiz y Correio da Manha. Hemos seguido en ella tanto la historiografia brasilena mas reciente, como la referente a la historia de la psiquiatria en Iberoamerica, con objeto de relativizar la relevancia otorgada a la psiquiatria y al manicomio en su funcion de control social, asi como de apuntar su caracter hibrido y polifacetico en las noticias que se publicaron en la prensa de la capital federal. En los dos periodicos, el conjunto variado de menciones sobre el HNA pone en juego tres puntos de vista: los dos primeros se centran en la descripcion y el retrato de la vida institucional, llevado a cabo por prensa, en sus diferentes aspectos (administrativo, asistencial, cientifico); mientras que el tercero analiza aquellas situaciones en que el Hospicio se contempla como una solucion para acontecimientos que perturbaban la vida de la ciudad.
这项研究分析的方式资本共和党difundio新闻报道发生在第20世纪的缓冲时间,促进国家庇护的看法编队飞行(HNA),第一工作psiquiatrica brasilena打开车门在里约热内卢在1852市。在这项研究中，我们分析了两家报纸上关于临终关怀的新闻:O Paiz和Correio da Manha。最近我们一直在她既historiografia brasilena更多的历史,如参考psiquiatria Iberoamerica,旨在凭借相关性颁发psiquiatria和精神病院的社会控制功能,就是写的字符的混合动力车和polifacetico新闻报刊上发表了联邦首都。在这两份报纸中，对HNA的不同提及引发了三种观点的发挥:前两份报纸集中描述和描述由新闻界进行的机构生活的不同方面(行政、福利、科学);第三部分分析了临终关怀被视为解决困扰城市生活的事件的情况。
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Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.3989/ASCLEPIO.2017.18
Silvana Vetö
Taking stance in a situated perspective, this article looks into one of the first Chilean state initiatives aimed at the study and care of child psyche. This institution that has not yet been explored by specialized literature: the Clinic of Conduct, founded in the city of Santiago in 1936 as part of the Special School of Development, which was created in the context of a the Educational Reform of 1928. The Clinic of Conduct launched a state managed mental hygiene programme that included psychoanalysis as its main reference at a time when psychoanalysis was not yet a regular reference in the local medical world. We are thus interested in analysing context in which this initiatives were created and the ways in which mental hygiene and psychoanalysis were appropriated and used in an institution in which the principal interest was not the defence or legitimation of a singular theory, but the approach to specific social problems such as child delinquency and education. Some characteristics of the history of psy knowledges in Chile emerge from this study, showing how they unfold on the scenario of social problems and how they relate to other disciplines and practices such as criminology and pedagogy.
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